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    Bode Plot2019

    Uploaded by

    Krushnasamy Suramaniyan
    1. A Bode plot visualizes the frequency response P(jω) of a system by separately plotting magnitude and phase versus frequency on logarithmic scales. 2. The logarithmic scales allow both low and high frequency behavior to be displayed together. Slopes indicate how magnitude changes per decade of frequency. 3. Asymptotes approximate the response at low and high frequencies, meeting at corner frequencies. System stability can be determined from whether phase and gain margins are positive.

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    Bode Plot2019

    Uploaded by

    Krushnasamy Suramaniyan
    45 views77 pages
    1. A Bode plot visualizes the frequency response P(jω) of a system by separately plotting magnitude and phase versus frequency on logarithmic scales. 2. The logarithmic scales allow both low and high frequency behavior to be displayed together. Slopes indicate how magnitude changes per decade of frequency. 3. Asymptotes approximate the response at low and high frequencies, meeting at corner frequencies. System stability can be determined from whether phase and gain margins are positive.

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    BD PLOT

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    1. A Bode plot visualizes the frequency response P(jω) of a system by separately plotting magnitude and phase versus frequency on logarithmic scales. 2. The logarithmic scales allow both low and high frequency behavior to be displayed together. Slopes indicate how magnitude changes per decade of frequency. 3. Asymptotes approximate the response at low and high frequencies, meeting at corner frequencies. System stability can be determined from whether phase and gain margins are positive.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views77 pages

    Bode Plot2019

    Uploaded by

    Krushnasamy Suramaniyan
    1. A Bode plot visualizes the frequency response P(jω) of a system by separately plotting magnitude and phase versus frequency on logarithmic scales. 2. The logarithmic scales allow both low and high frequency behavior to be displayed together. Slopes indicate how magnitude changes per decade of frequency. 3. Asymptotes approximate the response at low and high frequencies, meeting at corner frequencies. System stability can be determined from whether phase and gain margins are positive.

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    Frequency Response Analysis

    Bode Plot
    Dr V S Krushnasamy
    Introduction
    • How can one visualize P(jω) as ω is varied?.
    It gives M & P details separately.

    Magnitude Plot

    Bode Plot
    Phase Plot
    Both are
    Magnitude Plot 𝑷(𝒋𝝎) 𝑽𝒔 𝝎 function of
    𝝎
    Phase Plot Phase of 𝑷(𝒋𝝎) 𝑽𝒔 𝝎 Only
    Magnitude Plot
    Linear Vs Logarithmic Scale
    Logarithmic Scale
    Why did bode suggest plotting the magnitude
    of a frequency response on Log-Log coordinates
    • First advantage is that the multiplication of magnitude
    converted to addition.
    • The frequency in a typical control system application
    varies over many powers of ten. So that most information
    would be compressed near the origin if the linear scale is
    used.
    • The logarithmic scale is nonlinear.(i.e.) distance between 1
    and 2 is greater than the distance between 2 and 3 and so
    on. As a result use of this scale us to cover greater range of
    frequencies both low high frequency behavior of a system
    can be adequately displayed in one plot.
    • Simple method to get approximate plot.
    Phase Angle Plot
    FACTS
    • A slope of -20 dB/decade implies that the magnitude
    decreases by -20 dB when the frequency increased
    by a factor 10.
    • Decade : A decade is an increase in frequency by a
    factor of 10.
    • Octave: A octave is an increase in frequency by a
    factor of 2.
    • Asymptotes: In bode plot the low frequency and high
    frequency approximations can be represented by
    straight lines called asymptotes.
    • Corner frequency: These two asymptotes meet at a
    frequency known as corner frequency.
    Stability from Bode Plot
    • System is said to be stable-When P.M and
    G.M are positive .
    • System is said to be unstable-When P.M and
    G.M are negative or any one is negative.
    • System is said to be marginally stable – when
    GM and PM both are zero
    Procedure for plotting Bode plot
    1.Convert the transfer function in to time constant
    form.
    2.List the corner frequency in increasing order.
    3.Magnitude Plot
    For finding the magnitude consider the factor as
    follows.
    𝑲
    (i)Constant K or .
    𝑺
    (ii)Other function in increasing order of corner
    frequency.
    (iii)Prepare a table as shown in below
    S.No Factor Corner Slope Change in slope=
    Frequency (dB/Decade) sum of previous slope +
    Present slope

    • (iv) Choose low frequency


    𝝎𝑳 , 𝑳𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒏𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 ,
    • 𝝎𝒉 (𝑯𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝒉𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒏𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒚)
    Calculate magnitude @ 𝝎𝑳 , 𝝎𝒄𝟏 using following formula.
    𝐾
    1.For 𝝎𝑳 Magnitude = 20log When 𝝎= 𝝎𝑳 ;
    𝑗𝝎

    𝐾
    2.For 𝝎𝒄𝟏 Magnitude = 20log When 𝝎=𝝎𝒄𝟏 .
    𝑗𝝎
    Calculate magnitude at every corner frequency one by one
    using the following formula.
    3.For 𝝎𝒄𝟐 Magnitude
    𝝎𝒄𝟏
    = [Slope change from 𝝎𝒄𝟏 , 𝝎𝒄𝟏 X Log ] + Magnitude @𝝎𝒄𝟏
    𝝎𝒄𝟐

    4.Calculate magnitude up to 𝝎𝒉 .
    Mark all the points (magnitude & C.F) in the semi log graph
    sheet.
    5.Joined the points by straight line & Mark slope @ every part
    of the graph.
    Phase Plot
    • Find the Phase Equation.
    • Vary the frequency from in and around corner
    frequency and calculate corresponding phase
    angles.
    • Fix the points in the graph and join the points
    by free hand.
    Calculate ω𝑔𝑐 , ω𝑝𝑐 ,PM and GM,and comment
    on stability.
    1.Draw the bode plot for UFBCS has the OLTF
    10
    G(s) = and find ω𝑔𝑐 , ω𝑝𝑐 ,PM and
    𝑆(𝑆+2)(𝑆+6)
    GM,
    Phase Plot
    Phase Plot
    Results
    • ω𝑔𝑐 = 6.2 rad/sec
    • ω𝑝𝑐 = 22.36 rad/sec
    • PM= 360
    • GM= 20 dB.
    • Stability: System is stable

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