Blacktown City - Civil Works Specification 28june201711

Works Specification
Civil
- 2005 -
Growing With Pride

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL WORKS SPECIFICATION CIVIL – 2005
UPDATES REGISTRATION
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CO-ORDINATOR ENGINEERING APPROVALS

BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL
PO Box 63
BLACKTOWN NSW 2148
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ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005

Amendment Date
Original issue February 2005
Plans 101M,106M,113M,124M,131M,134S June 2009
Certified stockpiles (Glossary, S8.1 to 8.4) June 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY
1. GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF WORKS
2. TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR WORKS IN PUBLIC ROADS
3. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
4. SITE CLEARING AND/OR GRUBBING
5. EARTHWORKS AND FORMATION
6. STORMWATER DRAINAGE
7. CONCRETE STRUCTURES
8. FLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENTS
9. SPRAYED BITUMINOUS SURFACING
10. SUPPLY AND LAYING OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE
11. CONCRETE AND SEGMENTAL PAVEMENTS
12. STREET FURNITURE
13. GRASSING
14. DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD
15. STANDARD DRAWINGS
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGE NO.
GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................... viii
1 GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF WORKS
1.1 General ........................................................................................................ 1 - 1

1.2 Responsibilities of the Parties ..................................................................... 1 - 2
1.3 Prior to Commencement.............................................................................. 1 - 4
1.4 General Requirements ................................................................................. 1 - 6
1.5 Inspection of the Works and Materials ....................................................... 1 - 8
1.6 Inspection of Materials................................................................................ 1 - 12
1.7 Tolerances ................................................................................................... 1 - 15
1.8 Site Facilities and Amenities....................................................................... 1 - 18
1.9 Alignment and Setting Out of Works.......................................................... 1 - 19
1.10 Care of Survey Marks ................................................................................. 1 - 19
1.11 Service Conduits ......................................................................................... 1 - 19
1.12 Environment ................................................................................................ 1 - 21
1.13 Reinstatement of Damaged Infrastructure................................................... 1 - 22
1.14 Cleaning and Reinstatement of External Areas........................................... 1 - 22
1.15 Carrying Out Work in Public Roads or Footways ...................................... 1 - 22
2 TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR WORKS IN PUBLIC ROADS
2.1 Description .................................................................................................. 2 - 1

2.2 Road Occupation Licence ........................................................................... 2 - 1
3 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
3.1 Description .................................................................................................. 3 - 1

3.2 General ........................................................................................................ 3 - 1
3.3 Sediment and Erosion Control Devices ...................................................... 3 - 1
3.4 Maintenance ................................................................................................ 3 - 4
3.5 Stabilisation of Disturbed Areas ................................................................. 3 - 5
3.6 Dust Control ................................................................................................ 3 - 5
3.7 Diverting Water and De-watering ............................................................... 3 - 6
3.8 Turfing/Grassing at Completion of Civil Works......................................... 3 - 6
4 SITE CLEARING AND/OR GRUBBING
4.1 Description .................................................................................................. 4 - 1

4.2 Notice of Commencement........................................................................... 4 - 1
4.3 Clearing and Grubbing ................................................................................ 4 - 1
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 -i-

CONTENTS PAGE NO.
4.4 Trees to be Retained .................................................................................... 4 - 1

4.5 Removal of Trees Left in Filled Areas........................................................ 4 - 2
4.6 Disposal of Material .................................................................................... 4 - 2
4.7 Restoration of Site ....................................................................................... 4 - 2
4.8 Private Property........................................................................................... 4 - 2
4.9 Damage........................................................................................................ 4 - 3
5 EARTHWORKS AND FORMATION
5.1 Description .................................................................................................. 5 - 1

5.2 Removal of Topsoil..................................................................................... 5 - 1
5.3 Removal of Unsuitable Materials................................................................ 5 - 1
5.4 Compaction Prior to Placing of Fill ............................................................ 5 - 2
5.5 Excavation................................................................................................... 5 - 2
5.6 Surplus Spoil ............................................................................................... 5 - 2
5.7 Imported Filling........................................................................................... 5 - 2
5.8 Embankments .............................................................................................. 5 - 3
5.9 Placement and Compaction of Fill .............................................................. 5 - 3
5.10 Boxing Out .................................................................................................. 5 - 4
5.11 Trimming and Compaction of Earthworks and Subgrades ......................... 5 - 4
5.12 Batters.......................................................................................................... 5 - 5
5.13 Site Regrading ............................................................................................. 5 - 5
5.14 Replacement of Topsoil .............................................................................. 5 - 5
5.15 Progress Inspections .................................................................................... 5 - 6
5.16 Entrance To Side Roads And Adjacent Property ........................................ 5 - 6
6 STORMWATER DRAINAGE
6.1 Description .................................................................................................. 6 - 1

6.2 Drainage Line Location............................................................................... 6 - 1
6.3 Types of Pipes and Box Culverts ................................................................ 6 - 1
6.4 Excavation................................................................................................... 6 - 3
6.5 Allowances In Excavation Quantities ......................................................... 6 - 4
6.6 Pipe Bedding Material................................................................................. 6 - 4
6.7 Pipe Laying ................................................................................................. 6 - 4
6.8 CCTV Inspections of Drainage Structures.................................................. 6 - 5
6.9 Subsoil Pipes in Stormwater Drainage Trenches ........................................ 6 - 6
6.10 Method of Jointing ...................................................................................... 6 - 6
6.11 Concrete Encasing....................................................................................... 6 - 6
6.12 Concrete Bulkheads..................................................................................... 6 - 7
6.13 Direct Connections ...................................................................................... 6 - 7
6.14 Precast Concrete Box Culverts.................................................................... 6 - 7
6.15 Drainage Pits ............................................................................................... 6 - 7
6.16 Inspection Prior to Backfilling .................................................................... 6 - 7
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - ii -

CONTENTS PAGE NO.
6.17 Backfilling................................................................................................... 6 - 8
6.18 Inter-allotment Drainage ............................................................................. 6 - 8
6.19 Sub-soil Drains............................................................................................ 6 - 9
7 CONCRETE STRUCTURES
7.1 Description .................................................................................................. 7 - 1

7.2 Concrete Materials and Slump .................................................................... 7 - 1
7.3 Concrete Testing and Strength .................................................................... 7 - 2
7.4 Reinforcement ............................................................................................. 7 - 3
7.5 Formwork .................................................................................................... 7 - 4
7.6 Concrete Placing ......................................................................................... 7 - 5
7.7 Construction Joints...................................................................................... 7 - 5
7.8 Removal of Forms ....................................................................................... 7 - 5
7.9 Concrete Finishing ...................................................................................... 7 - 6
7.10 Curing.......................................................................................................... 7 - 6
7.11 Foundations ................................................................................................. 7 - 6
7.12 Kerb and Gutter ........................................................................................... 7 - 7
7.13 Concrete Footway, Pathway and Driveway Pavements.............................. 7 - 9
7.14 Drainage Pits ............................................................................................... 7 - 10
7.15 Precast Concrete Sections (Box Culverts and Pre-formed Bends).............. 7 - 11
7.16 Cast Iron and Steel Fittings ......................................................................... 7 - 11
7.17 Pattern Stencilled Concrete Pavement for
Median Islands and Roundabout ................................................................. 7 - 11
8 FLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENTS
8.1 Description .................................................................................................. 8 - 1

8.2 Crushed or Ripped Hawkesbury Sandstone ................................................ 8 - 3
8.3 Crushed Rock (DGB 20, DGS 20 and DGS 40) ......................................... 8 - 4
8.4 Recycled Material ....................................................................................... 8 - 4
8.5 Formation Fill Material ............................................................................... 8 - 5
8.6 Delivery....................................................................................................... 8 - 5
8.7 Spreading..................................................................................................... 8 - 5
8.8 Compacting and Trimming ......................................................................... 8 - 6
8.9 Pavement and Density Testing .................................................................... 8 - 7
8.10 Proof Testing ............................................................................................... 8 - 7
8.11 Progress Inspections .................................................................................... 8 - 8
8.12 Inspection, Sampling and Testing ............................................................... 8 - 8
8.13 Defective Material....................................................................................... 8 - 8
8.14 Completed Pavement Surface ..................................................................... 8 - 8
8.15 Opening Pavement To Traffic..................................................................... 8 - 8
8.16 Maintenance ................................................................................................ 8 - 9
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - iii -

Contents Page No.
9 SPRAYED BITUMINOUS SURFACING
9.1 Description .................................................................................................. 9 - 1

9.2 Supply of Materials ..................................................................................... 9 - 1
9.3 Measurement of Materials........................................................................... 9 - 1
9.4 Quality of Materials .................................................................................... 9 - 2
9.5 Sampling of Materials ................................................................................. 9 - 2
9.6 Plant............................................................................................................. 9 - 3
9.7 Preparation of Pavement ............................................................................. 9 - 3
9.8 Control of Work .......................................................................................... 9 - 3
9.9 Operation of Sprayer ................................................................................... 9 - 4
9.10 Heating of Binder ........................................................................................ 9 - 4
9.11 Cutting Back Bitumen Binder ..................................................................... 9 - 5
9.12 Application of Binder.................................................................................. 9 - 5
9.13 Pre-coating of Aggregate ............................................................................ 9 - 7
9.14 Application, Distribution and Incorporation of Aggregate ......................... 9 - 7
9.15 Compaction ................................................................................................. 9 - 8
9.16 Traffic.......................................................................................................... 9 - 8
9.17 Defective Work or Materials....................................................................... 9 - 8
9.18 Waste Materials........................................................................................... 9 - 8
9.19 Maintenance ................................................................................................ 9 - 9
10 SUPPLY AND LAYING OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE
10.1 Description .................................................................................................. 10 - 1

10.2 Mineral Aggregates ..................................................................................... 10 - 1
10.3 Mineral Filler............................................................................................... 10 - 1
10.4 Binder .......................................................................................................... 10 - 1
10.5 Additives ..................................................................................................... 10 - 1
10.6 Rejuvenating Agent..................................................................................... 10 - 1
10.7 Proportioning of Mixes ............................................................................... 10 - 1
10.8 Mixing Procedure........................................................................................ 10 - 4
10.9 Transport ..................................................................................................... 10 - 4
10.10 Preparation of Pavement ............................................................................. 10 - 5
10.11 Tack Coat .................................................................................................... 10 - 5
10.12 Spreading..................................................................................................... 10 - 6
10.13 Joints............................................................................................................ 10 - 7
10.14 Compaction ................................................................................................. 10 - 9
10.15 Finished Pavement Properties ..................................................................... 10 - 11
10.16 Weighbridge Dockets .................................................................................. 10 - 11
10.17 Provision For Traffic ................................................................................... 10 - 11
10.18 Cleaning Of Gutters And Gully Pits ........................................................... 10 - 11
10.19 Maintenance ................................................................................................ 10 - 11
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - iv -

Contents Page No.
11 CONCRETE AND CLAY SEGMENTAL PAVEMENTS
11.1 Description .................................................................................................. 11 - 1

11.2 Paving Units ................................................................................................ 11 - 1
11.3 Subgrade...................................................................................................... 11 - 1
11.4 Base Course For Roads, Driveways, Pedestrian Plazas
and Community Title Roads ....................................................................... 11 - 1
11.5 Edge Restraints............................................................................................ 11 - 2
11.6 Bedding Sand .............................................................................................. 11 - 2
11.7 Placement of Paving Units in Roads and Footways.................................... 11 - 3
11.8 Specifications for the Selection of Clay and Concrete Pavers
for Use in Public Areas ............................................................................... 11 - 5
12 STREET FURNITURE
12.1 Street Name Signs ....................................................................................... 12 - 1

12.2 Posts ............................................................................................................ 12 - 1
12.3 Fixing of Plates............................................................................................ 12 - 1
12.4 Guide Posts.................................................................................................. 12 - 2
12.5 Service Conduit Signs ................................................................................. 12 - 2
13 GRASSING
13.1 Description .................................................................................................. 13 - 1

13.2 Preparation .................................................................................................. 13 - 1
13.3 Grassing by Seeding.................................................................................... 13 - 1
13.4 Fertilisers..................................................................................................... 13 - 2
13.5 Sowing......................................................................................................... 13 - 2
13.6 Hydroseeding .............................................................................................. 13 - 2
13.7 Grassing by Turfing .................................................................................... 13 - 2
13.8 Care of Grassed Areas................................................................................. 13 - 3
13.9 Mowing ....................................................................................................... 13 - 3
13.10 Establishment .............................................................................................. 13 - 3
13.11 Maintenance ................................................................................................ 13 - 4
14 DEFECTS LIABILITY/MAINTENANCE PERIOD
14.1 Description .................................................................................................. 14 - 1

14.2 Subdivisions ................................................................................................ 14 - 1
14.3 All other developments ............................................................................... 14 - 1
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 -v-

15 STANDARD DRAWINGS
A(BS)101M Standard Kerbs and Gutters
A(BS)102S Standard Residential Footway and Layback Crossing
A(BS)103S Standard Industrial and Commercial Footway Crossing
A(BS)104M Path Paving at Intersections and Kerb Ramp Details
A(BS)105S Standard Pathway Barrier
A(BS)106M Standard Grated Gully Pit
A(BS)107M Standard Junction Pit
A(BS)108M Minor Drainage Collections
A(BS)109M Standard Surface Inlet Pits
A(BS)110S Accessway Detail
A(BS)111 Step Irons
A(BS)112M Typical Arrangement of Threshold Pavements at Intersections
A(BS)113M Standard Street Signs and Posts
A(BS)114S Standard Floodway Warning Signs and Mounting Bracket
A(BS)115M Construction of Traffic "Shake-Down"
A(BS)116S Channel Check Dams and Culvert Inlet Protection
A(BS)117S Sedimentation Basin
A(BS)118 Not Allocated
A(BS)119S Sediment Traps for Surface Inlet Pits
A(BS)121M Sediment Fence and Filters
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - vi -

A(BS)122S Siltation Traps for Kerb Inlets
A(BS)123M Perimeter and Diversion Banks
A(BS)124M Typical Locations for Signs and Markings Associated with Wombat Crossings
A(BS)125M Standard Indented Bus Bay
A(BS)126S Typical Calming Device for Residential Roads
A(BS)127S Rural Vehicular Crossing
A(BS)128S Specification for Bus Shelter Concrete Base/Apron - with Path Paving
A(BS)129S Specification for Bus Shelter Concrete Base/Apron - without Path Paving
A(BS)131M Standard Wombat Crossing, All Roads
A(BS)134S Standard Bicycle Path
A(BS)136S Typical OSD Discharge Control Pit
A(BS)137S Special Pathway Barrier for Electric Mobility Scooter
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - vii -

GLOSSARY
Accredited Certifier Person qualified to issue certificates and operate as Principal
Certifying Authority (PCA) under the Environmental Planning and
Assessment Act.
ACRS Australian Certification Authority for Reinforcing Steel.
Applicant Any person/s, company or entity representing the Applicant for the
purpose of constructing the Works. This may also include Council.
AR&R (1998) IEAust Australian Rainfall and Run-off Manual (1998).
ARI Average Recurrence Interval.
AS Australian Standards published by the Standards Association of
Australia current at the time of application.
BPN British Pendulum Number (unit used to measure slip/skid resistance)
Certified Stockpile A stockpile that has been certified by a NATA registered
laboratory as complying with Council's specification
Council Blacktown City Council as represented by its Employees.
Council Engineer Person approving or inspecting works on behalf of Council.
DC or Consent Notice of Determination giving Subdivision or Development

Consent.
Development Supervisor Person carrying out the day to day inspections on behalf of Council.
All expressed and implied; Specifications, Standards, Drawings and
Documents Correspondence, which are related to the works and referred to by
Council or issued by Council.
Engineer or Registered Person who is a practising engineer registered on the Institution of
Engineer Engineers Australia, National Professional Engineers Register
(NPER) in the relevant field of work.
EPA Environment Protection Authority.
EP&A Act Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, as amended.
Excavation This shall mean excavation in all classes of material.
FRC pipe Fibre Reinforced Cement pipe.
Maintenance Period Period of a minimum of six (6) months after release of the Plan
of Subdivision or Development Completion, or such time as Council
deems reasonable for the Final Certificate of Completion.
NATA National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia.
NATA registered A laboratory accredited with NATA to undertake the specific test
Laboratory referred to in the body of the text.
OH&S Occupational Health and Safety.
OSD On-site Stormwater Detention.
PSD Permissible Site Discharge.
RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe.
RHS Rectangular Hollow Section.
RTA Roads and Traffic Authority, New South Wales.
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - viii -

GLOSSARY
(Cont'd)
Site Area of land being developed by Subdivision or Development

Approval.
SSV Site Storage Volume.
Supervisor The person appointed by the Applicant to supervise the construction
Works and who shall be his representative.
Surveyor Registered Surveyor.
UCS Unconfined Compressive Strength.
UPVC pipe Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (referring to pipes).
VCP Vitrified Clay Pipe.
WAE Works-As-Executed Plan.
Works The development of land as described by the Drawings and
Specifications (the Documents) as proposed by the Applicant and as
cited and approved by Council "For Construction" including all the
area of the land being developed.
1:5 (V:H) Slope of 1 vertical to 5 horizontal.
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - ix -

1 GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF WORKS
1.1 GENERAL
1.1.1 This Specification, which is the accompanying document to Council's

Engineering Guide for Development, has been compiled to outline Council's
general procedures and practices in respect of all the associated construction
requirements for drainage, roads, erosion control, and ancillary details within
the City of Blacktown.
1.1.2 Council's basic objective is to preserve, enhance and develop the amenity of
the City with specific reference to safety, convenience and long term cost
effectiveness. This Specification has been prepared to assist the Applicant to
proceed with development by fully informing him of Council's requirements
with respect to the construction of assets which will eventually be vested in,
and maintained by Council, to ensure that such works are constructed to a
high standard.
1.1.3 The Documents referred to in this Specification shall include but not be
limited to Engineering Plans, approved by the Council, Blacktown City
Council's, "Engineering Guide for Development", Australian Standards,
"Australian Rainfall and Runoff, Institution of Engineers, 1998" and the
Statutes, Acts and By-Laws of the Governments of New South Wales and
Australia. All of these documents compliment each other and shall be
referenced in conjunction with this Specification.
1.1.4 In this specification, whenever the term "Engineering Plan" is used, this is
deemed to also be a reference to engineering plans associated with
Construction Certificates issued by Council or Private Accredited Certifiers
under the EP&A Act 1979, and Engineering Approvals issued by Council
under the Roads Act 1993 and Local Government Act 1993.
1.1.5 This Document is the Specification defining Construction Details and the
Obligations of Council and the Applicant.
It provides details relevant to the Development and is binding on all works

carried out. Obligations between Council and the Applicant are inherent and
binding once the Engineering Plans have been approved and issued by
Council.
1.1.6 Council's "Engineering Guide for Development", gives guidance to defining

the Engineering Design details required by Council and which must be
followed by the Applicant or his Representative in order to obtain approval of
Engineering Plans.
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 1-1

1.1.7 No departure or change will be permitted from approved Engineering Plans

during construction except by written consent from Council, or as may be
approved by Council's Representative in the field.
1.1.8 Variations to this specification may only be authorised by Council employees.

Persons accredited or acting under the Environmental Planning and
Assessment Act as private accredited certifiers are specifically excluded from
altering, adjusting or changing this specification in any way.
1.1.9 The Documents, including any written directions issued by Council to the
Applicant, are binding on the Applicant. Council neither accepts
responsibility nor implies or guarantees any directions given to the Applicant
for any subsequent physical or contractual damages received by the
Applicant.
1.1.10 Where in the Documents reference is made to testing and/or sampling by a

NATA registered laboratory, it shall be understood that the laboratory must
be registered by NATA to undertake the specific tests being referred to.
1.1.11 Non Council Specifications
Where within this specification reference is made to a specification from an external

source such as the RTA and there arises conflict between some part of councils
specification and the external referenced specification then councils specification shall
have priority insofar as the resolution of the point of conflict is concerned.
Where this specification makes reference to an Australian Standard that has been
superseded by a new or updated version, then the new current version shall be deemed to
apply.
1.2 RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PARTIES
1.2.1 Council's Responsibilities
1.2.1.1 Council Inspections
Council will provide Supervisors to progressively review the work of the Applicant. The
provision of Supervisors in no way limits the Applicant's full responsibility for
completing the works in accordance with sound Engineering Practice and Principles and in
accordance with the intent and purpose of the Documents. Nor does the provision of such
supervisors and the various inspections carried out by them relieve the applicant of any
responsibility to comply with all OH&S responsibilities encumberant upon them by such
works.

1.2.1.2 Final Approval
Final approval of the works will be issued by Council after inspections and receipt of
relevant documents from the Applicant showing compliance of the Works with the
Documents and once all Bonds, Fees, Contributions and other Monies required by Council
have been paid.
1.2.1.3 Notices to be in Writing
All notices, applications and requests given to the Applicant by Council during the Works
will be given in writing. The Applicant will not be entitled to rely upon any verbal notice,
application or request, notwithstanding any arrangement to the contrary at any time.
1.2.2 Applicant's Responsibilities
1.2.2.1 The Documents
The Works shall be completed in accordance with the intent and purpose of the
Documents. The approved copies of the Documents must be kept on-site at all times and
be available for inspection by Council.
1.2.2.2 Access by Council
The Applicant must allow complete and unhindered access of Council to the site of works
for the purpose of inspecting materials and the Works in Progress.
1.2.2.3 Work by Service Supply Authorities and/or other Contractors
The applicant must permit and maintain trafficable access for Service supply authorities,
their workers and subcontractors at all times. The applicant must not do anything to
hinder such access or to endanger the works being undertaken or the workers undertaking
such works.
1.2.2.4 Written Approval
The Applicant must not proceed with any part of the works until written approval has been
received from Council.

1.2.2.5 Completion of Works
It is the Applicant's responsibility to complete or to cause the completion of the Works in

accordance with the Documents and in a workmanlike manner. Inspection by Council
does not relieve the Applicant of his responsibility to supervise or to arrange the
supervision of the Works. Inspections are for the purpose of enabling Council to satisfy
itself that the Works are being carried out in accordance with the Documents and that the
Works are in a suitable state for Council's acceptance. Consequently, any defects that
develop before the Works are accepted by Council will be required to be made good even
though the defective work may have previously been approved.
1.2.2.6 Cleaning of Gutters and Gully Pits
All gutters and gully pits located within the boundaries of the work shall be cleaned and
kept clean during the period of contract, including the maintenance period, of all silt,
debris, rubbish and surplus aggregate arising out of the execution of the works of the
contract. All requirements of the P&EO Act shall be complied with.
1.2.2.7 Maintenance
All works undertaken within the road reserve shall be fully maintained by the applicant for
the duration of the specified maintenance period.
1.2.3 Private Accredited Certifiers' Responsibilities
Private Accredited Certifiers may issue Construction and Compliance Certificates for
subdivision and development works in accordance with the requirements of the EP&A Act
1979.
Private Accredited Certificates do not have any authority to issue Engineering Approvals
or carry out inspections for works on Public Roads under the Roads Act 1993.
1.3 PRIOR TO COMMENCEMENT
1.3.1 General
1.3.1.1 Council must approve for construction all Documents prepared for the Works.
The Applicant must obtain consents from all relevant Statutory Authorities as
required by Council prior to any works being commenced.

Where necessary, approval from adjoining landholders for access and/or right
of way must be obtained prior to approval of the Documents.
1.3.1.2 Council must be given 7 days written notice before any works begin on site.
1.3.1.3 A site meeting between the Council and Applicant shall take place before
construction activities commence.
1.3.2 Insurance
1.3.2.1 Copies of Insurance Documents
The Applicant shall provide certified copies proving the currency of Public
Liability Insurance for $10 million and full Workers Compensation insurance
on all Works, as required by NSW Statute. Insurances must be kept current
for the duration of the Works.
1.3.3 Adequacy of the Applicant's Site Representative
Before construction is commenced the Applicant shall ensure that suitably Qualified
Supervisory Staff are available to control the Works.
The Applicant shall advise Council prior to commencement in writing of the name of the
person(s) appointed as his representative for the Works (hereinafter known as the
Supervisor).
1.3.4 Permits and Licences Issued by Council
The Applicant must determine, by consultation with Council, whether any Road Opening
Permit, Work Zone Permit or Road Occupation Licence is required.

1.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.4.1 Provision for Traffic (Public Roads)
The Applicant shall not obstruct, and shall be held responsible for, the safety of traffic,
vehicular and pedestrian, and must provide all security, lights, barriers, signs and fences
necessary to prevent any accident or public or private damage or loss, and shall regulate
traffic during the progress of the Work, in accordance with the requirements of AS 1742-
3(2002). If necessary, he shall provide for traffic by its diversion to an alternative route
approved by Council or by the formation of side tracks alongside the Works, or by the
construction of one half of the road at a time leaving the other half available for traffic.
The Applicant shall not, by his operations, obstruct any side road or branch track, nor shall
he break down any fences, or damage public or private utilities, services nor obstruct any
drain or watercourse. When such obstructions or breakages cannot be avoided the
Applicant shall at once remove such obstructions and make adequate provision for traffic
and immediately repair such breakages. This Section shall also be read in conjunction
with Section 2 of this specification.
Worksite safety audits may be undertaken, without prior notice, by authorised Council
Officers on all works involving any Council asset. Any non conformance highlighted by
such audits shall be rectified within 24 hours or as otherwise directed by the audit
officer/s.
In the event of his failing to rectify any of the abovementioned causes, the Council
reserves the right to do so after giving the Applicant 24 hours' notice in writing, except in
cases of emergency, of its intention, and the whole of the cost of such work incurred by
the Council will be a legitimate charge payable by the Applicant.
The Applicant shall provide Council with 24 hour contact name and telephone number for
emergency reference.
1.4.2 Working Hours
Unless otherwise approved, the Works shall be carried out in daylight hours between 7.00
a.m. and 5.00 p.m. Monday to Friday inclusive, and 8.00am to 1.00pm Saturdays, subject
to legislative requirements. No construction work is to take place on Sundays and public
holidays without prior approval. All routine inspections must be carried out Monday to
Friday unless other arrangements have been made.
1.4.3 Delivery Hours
No plant, equipment or materials shall be delivery to the work site outside the hours of
7.00am – 5.00pm, Monday to Friday and 8.00am – 1.00pm Saturdays, without prior
approval. No deliveries shall take place on Sundays.

1.4.4 Damage to or Alterations of Existing Services
Prior to commencing any works the applicant shall confirm the location of all existing and
proposed services with the relevant authorities.
The greatest care shall be exercised during the progress of the Works to avoid damage to
any utility service and the applicant shall be responsible for any damage caused by him or
his agents directly or indirectly. Where existing services are known to impact on the
proposed works, these shall be located by hand prior to the adjacent works commencing.
If, as a result of the Works, any alterations to existing utility service are considered
necessary by Council or the relevant service authority, it shall be the responsibility of the
Applicant to make the necessary arrangements with the appropriate Authority(s) prior to
approval of the engineering plans and to accept full responsibility for any and all costs
associated with such utility adjustments.
1.4.5 Entry Upon Adjoining Property
The Applicant or his Representative shall not commit any act of trespass and shall
effectively protect all adjoining properties and owners against any loss, damage or injury
that may occur or be occasioned by the Works. If instructed by Council, the Applicant
shall remove from the site any employee offending against the provisions of this Section.
All property which has been disturbed as a result of the Applicant's activities shall be
reinstated. The reinstated property, as in surface finishes or fences or other property, shall
be reinstated to a finish similar to that which existed prior to disturbance or to an
alternative material/surface as agreed to in writing by the affected property owner.
1.4.6 Debris Disposal
Burning off by open fire is prohibited by the provisions of the Protection of the
Environment Operations Act 1997, as amended. Disposal of all debris shall be to an
appropriate registered waste facility. Records of disposal dockets are to be made available
to Council upon request.
1.4.7 Use of Appropriate Standards for Construction
It is the responsibility of the Applicant to complete all works in accordance with Council's
Works Specification – Civil.

1.5 INSPECTION OF THE WORKS AND MATERIALS
1.5.1 Inspection of Works
The Applicant shall at all and at any time, give uninterrupted access, and afford every
facility for the inspection and examination by Council of the Works or materials that may
be required, at any place where the said work or materials are being prepared. The
Applicant, when required by Council, shall provide all particulars as to the mode and place
of manufacture and source of supply of any of the materials to be used. Australian made
goods and materials should be used in preference to imported goods.
1.5.2 Schedule of Mandatory Inspections
The Applicant must ensure that mandatory inspections are carried out at the following
stages:
1.5.3 Mandatory Construction Inspections
(i) Soil Erosion and Sediment Control
(a) Implementation of erosion and sediment control,

(b) Revegetation of disturbed areas,
(c) Construction of major controls (i.e. gabions, mattresses, shot-
creting etc),
(d) Removal of sediment basins/fencing etc,
(e) Internal sediment/pollution control devices, and
(f) Final inspection.
(ii) Traffic Control
(a) Implementation of traffic control,

(b) Maintenance of traffic control during works, and
(c) Removal of traffic control.
(iii) Construction of Drainage Works (including inter-allotment)
(a) Pipes before backfilling, including trench excavation and bedding,

(b) Sand backfilling,
(c) Final pipe inspection,
(d) Pit bases and headwall aprons,
(e) Pit walls/wing walls/head walls,
(f) Concrete pit tops,
(g) Connection to existing system,
(h) Tailout works, and
(i) Final inspection.

(iv) Construction of Road Pavement
(a) Boxing out,

(b) Subgrade roller test,
(c) Subsoil drainage,
(d) Sandstone roller test layer 1,
(e) Sandstone roller test layer 2,
(f) Kerb pre-laying,
(g) Kerb during laying, including provision of roofwater outlets,
(h) Sandstone depth,
(i) Pavement profiles,
(j) DGB depths and roller tests,
(k) Wearing course,
(l) Kerb final,
(m) Formwork concrete pavements, and
(n) Final inspection.
(v) Provision of Street Furniture
(a) Street furniture (including streetsigns, guideposts, guardrail etc),

and
(b) Erection of fencing adjoining public/drainage reserves.
(vi) Footpaths Works
(a) Footpath trimming and/or turfing (to ensure 4% fall),

(b) Pathway construction (cycle/link pathways),
(c) Pathpaving construction,
(d) Service adjustments, and
(e) Final inspection.
(vii) Construction of On-site Detention System
(a) Steel and formwork for tank/HED control pit,

(b) Completion of HED control pit,
(c) Pit formwork,
(d) Pipes upstream/downstream of HED control pit before backfilling,
and
(e) Completion of OSD system.
(viii) Stormwater Quality Control
(a) Installation of stormwater quality control devices, and

(b) Final inspection.

(ix) Final Inspections
(a) Preliminary overall final inspection, and

(b) Overall final inspection.
Note
■ Additional inspections may be carried out as required.
■ These inspections are required for all Engineering works, including those
approved by Engineering Construction Certificates (under EP&A Act 1979),
Roads Act 1993 and Local Government Act 1993.
1.5.4 Table of Inspection Pre-requisites and Notices
The Applicant shall give the following notices to the relevant Council Engineer or
Development Supervisor during normal business hours or as previously agreed between
the parties.
Pre-requisite work and prior notice for inspections, as listed in Table 1.1, must be
complied with by the Applicant.
ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 1 - 10

TABLE 1.1 TABLE OF INSPECTION PRE-REQUISITES AND NOTICES
PRIOR NOTICE DAYS

INSPECTION PRE-REQUISITE BEFORE INSPECTION
Prior to commencement of Erosion and Sediment Controls 7 working days
Work in place
Traffic control to AS 1742- Prior to opening of roads 1 working day
3(1985)
Prior to backfilling of pipe Pipes laid, jointed and sand 1 working day
trenches under roads backfilled
Pavement Proof roller test Pavement placed, levelled and 1 working day
trimmed
Prior to placing of fill Surface ready for filling, fill 1 working day
material inspected
Pavement thickness Pavement course placed to 1 working day
finished level, kerbs in place
Subgrade Proof roller test Conduits laid, subgrade placed, 1 working day
levelled, compacted
Formwork for concrete Prior to pour 1 working day
structures (including On-site
Detention and Stormwater
Quality Control structures)
Placing of seal Road ready for sealing 2 working days
Surface seal spray records Road surfaced Less than 7 days after
road sealed
Moving of Survey peg Only if absolutely required for 1 working day
works to proceed
Road crossing Service in excavated trench 1 working day
bulkheads in place
Preliminary Final Inspection All works practically complete 7 working days
survey pegs placed
Final Inspection All works practically complete 7 working days
Acceptance of Works All defects corrected at end of 7 working days
Defects and Liability Period
1.5.5 Preliminary Final Inspections
A preliminary final inspection will be arranged upon completion of the Works excluding
deferred Works that are to be bonded. The Works shall be fully in compliance with the
Documents.

Where applicable the following work shall be completed prior to the preliminary
inspection:
(a) Work-as-Executed Plans as required by Sections 1.16 and 2.25 of Council's

Engineering Guide for Development.
(b) All lots pegged.
(c) Lot numbers painted by stencil on kerb.
(d) Street signs erected in approved locations.
1.5.6 Final Inspection
A final inspection shall be arranged upon completion of any defects encountered in the
preliminary inspection.
1.5.7 Acceptance of Works Inspection
An acceptance of works inspection can be requested of Council upon completion of all

works, including rectification of all defects, at the end of the Defects
Liability/Maintenance Period but will only be carried out if all Service Utility Authorities
have completed their installations.
1.6 INSPECTION OF MATERIALS
1.6.1 Availability of Material Testing
The Applicant shall at the direction of Council submit any material or work for testing and
shall "open up" and supply samples of any work which has been covered whether the
work has or has not previously been approved by Council. All expenses incurred in
providing such materials from the Works or in making good the Works after such removal
shall be borne by the Applicant. Such directions must be complied with within 24 hours,
or such time frame as may be agreed by Council. Where Council directs that materials be
tested then such testing shall be done by a NATA registered laboratory, certified to
undertake such testing and at the sole expense of the applicant.
1.6.2 Cost of Testing
The cost of all tests and certifications required by Council shall be borne by the Applicant.
1.6.3 Quality of Materials
All materials incorporated in the Works shall be new with the exception of approved
recycled pavement materials and shall comply with the relevant AS or RTA standard as
listed in Table 2. All materials shall be subject to inspection, testing and approval by
Council, as set out in Table 2 of this Specification.

1.6.4 Representative Sampling
Samples furnished shall be representative of materials to be used. The Council may select
samples or may require samples to be delivered to a Testing Facility nominated by
Council, at no cost to Council. All samples shall be tested to the Standards laid down by
the relevant Australian Standard or where no Australian Standard exists for the material,
to standards as laid down by Council.

TABLE 1.2 SCHEDULE OF MATERIAL TESTS

(Except where specifically overridden by the Documents)
MATERIAL STANDARD PRIOR TO FORM OF
TO BE TESTED (NOTES 3 & 4) TYPE OF TEST VERIFICATION
TO BE COMPLIED WORK
WITH
Compacted Subgrade AS 1289 Pavement Proof rolling, NATA
AS 3798 Construction Certificate and Plan.
Compacted Sub-Base AS 1289 Placing Base NATA Certificate and
AS 3798 Course Plan, Proof rolling
(Note 1)
Compacted Base AS 1289 Road Surfacing Proof rolling (Note 1)
Course AS 3798 NATA Certificate and
Plan.
Asphaltic Concrete AS 2891 Completion of NATA Certificate
Surfacing asphalt works
Earth Fill AS 3798 Spreading NATA Certificate and
AS 1289 topsoil Plan.
Supply and ordering AS 1379 Concrete Pour NATA Certificate
ready mixed concrete
Concrete AS 1012 Completion of NATA Certificate
Part of Work
Reinforcing Bars and AS/NZS 4671 Concrete Pour Manufacturer’s
Wires certification
Interlocking concrete AS 1012 Completion NATA Certificate
paving units
Pre-cast reinforced AS 1597 Taking Manufacturer’s
concrete Box Culvert delivery certification
Pipes As for relevant type of Taking Manufacturer’s
pipe delivery certification
Concrete AS 3600 Concrete Pour Manufacturer’s
certification
Crushed Rock and RTA QA 3051+ RTA Taking NATA Certificate
Recycled Concrete T114, T213, T215 and delivery
T221 T276 Council
addendum to 3051
Natural Gravel RTA, T106, T171, Taking NATA Certificate
T114, T108, T109 and delivery
T215
Note 1 Proof rolling with 3 point self propelled static roller, or other device approved by
the Council Supervisor.
Note 2 Depending on Works some of these Tests and Certificates may not be required.
Note 3 Must comply with the current version of these standards.
Note 4 Copies of all AS are available at Blacktown City Council Central Library,
Blacktown.

1.6.5 Inspection and Rejection of Materials
All compliance certificates shall be handed to Council’s supervisor no later than 48 hours
after delivery of the material to the site. Any materials that fail to comply with the
Documents shall be removed from the site within 24 hours of Council delivering a notice
to do so. The failed material shall be replaced and re-tested for compliance with the
Documents.
1.7 TOLERANCES
1.7.1 General
The work shall be carried out within the tolerance limits set out in Sections 1.7.1 to 1.7.9
inclusive.
1.7.2 Sub-Grade
The tolerance on the Reduced Level of the Sub-grade shall be as follows:

minus, no limit
plus 15mm.
1.7.3 Pavement
1.7.3.1 The tolerances on completed pavement thickness, measured at time of

preparation for bituminous surface treatment, shall be as follows:
Total thickness: Minus 5mm; plus no limit

Pavement thickness: Minus 5mm; plus 5mm
Sub-Base: Minus 5mm; plus 10mm
1.7.3.2 Pavement thicknesses shall be checked by drilling or digging of holes by the

Applicant in the finished sub base at positions determined by Council. Holes
shall be filled after measurement with damp material as specified for the
surface course, well rammed to the satisfaction of Council. The cost of
digging and repairing the test holes shall be borne by the Applicant.
1.7.3.3 Width of pavement (where not in contact with concrete gutter) : minus
75mm, plus 150mm

1.7.4 Bitumen Seal
The tolerances of the finished surface of pavement (neglecting the thickness of the final
25mm layer of bituminous surface treatment) measured at the time of preparation for
surface treatment shall be as follows:
Level
Finished level at any point: minus 10mm, plus 10mm

Grading in any direction in: minus 10mm, plus 10mm
3m or less
Grading in any direction: minus 10mm,

Per 3 metres: plus 10mm
Width of seal
(where not in contact
with concrete gutter): minus 75mm, plus 150mm
1.7.5 Finished Surface of Pavement (Asphaltic Concrete)
1.7.5.1 The tolerances on the finished surface level at any point of the various courses
shall be as follow:
Wearing Course: minus 5mm, plus 5mm
Grading in any direction

in 3m or less: minus 5mm, plus 5mm
1.7.5.2 On vertical curves, similar standards shall apply with an allowance made for
the vertical curvature.
1.7.5.3 Widths
1.7.5.4 Edge of bitumen surface

(where not in contact
with concrete gutter): minus 50mm, plus 50mm
1.7.6 Kerbs, Gutters, Footway and Vehicle Crossings
1.7.6.1 Tolerances on the level of kerb, gutter and footway and vehicle crossings shall
be: plus 10mm, minus 10mm

1.7.6.2 In all cases, variations in level shall not be local and shall be over a length of
15 metres or more.
1.7.6.3 The tolerances on the horizontal shall be as follows:
Lateral position - 15mm in 15 metres, provided that the variations are not
local or unsightly.
Location of vehicle crossing: 150mm
Dimensions of vehicle crossing: 25mm
1.7.6.4 Cover to Reinforcement
Overall length: minus 15mm, plus zero

Cover: minus 5mm, plus zero
1.7.7 Pipe Lines
The tolerances of the invert level of the pipe lines shall be as follows:-
Finished level of the invert at any point - minus 15mm, plus 15mm, provided that no point
is level or at a higher level than a corresponding point upstream.
Grading - minus 0.2%, plus 0.2% at any point.
1.7.8 Pits and Headwalls
The tolerances for pits and headwalls shall be as follows:
Finished level of inverts,

soffits and upper surfaces : minus 15mm,
: plus 15mm
Other dimensions : minus 25mm,

: plus 25mm
Chainage of pit centre line : minus 150mm

of pits : plus 150mm

Deflection of exposed edges : 10mm
Cover to steel reinforcement : minus Zero

: plus 5mm
Longitudinal dimensions of steel reinforcement:
Length overall as bent : minus 15mm, plus zero

Other dimension : minus 15mm, plus 25mm
Cover : minus 5mm, plus
1.7.9 Open Earth Drains
The tolerances for open earth drains shall be:
Depth: minus zero, plus 50mm
Width at all parts of cross-section: minus zero, plus 300mm
1.7.10 Tolerances being Exceeded
In the event of the tolerances being exceeded, Council may at its absolute discretion, order
the Applicant to carry out any reconstruction or remedial measures considered necessary
or desirable.
1.7.11 Smooth Junctions
Smooth junctions will be made with all existing work.
1.8 SITE FACILITIES AND AMENITIES
1.8.1 All site amenities must be provided to comply with WorkCover requirements.
1.8.2 First Aid Equipment
An approved first aid kit shall be provided and maintained by the Applicant on site during
the whole of the period when workers are on the site. The kit shall be kept in a location
readily accessible and its location clearly marked with appropriate sin posting in
accordance with WorkCover requirements.

1.9 ALIGNMENT AND SETTING OUT OF WORKS
The Applicant shall arrange for the setting out of the works by a Surveyor or Engineer.
The centrelines of all roads together with all lot pegs, easements and inter-allotment drainage
lines, where appropriate, shall be marked and recovered by pegs or other marks as shown on the
Documents.
The Applicant shall construct the works in strict conformity with the surveyed centreline and
location approved, except where otherwise shown on the Documents or instructed in writing by
Council.
If at any time during the progress of the work, any error is discovered in the position, level,
dimensions or alignment, the Applicant shall immediately on discovery of the error notify Council
and shall, unless Council otherwise directs, arrange for the error to be corrected by a Surveyor or
Engineer.
1.10 CARE OF SURVEY MARKS
The Applicant shall preserve and maintain in their true position all State Survey Marks (SSM) and
Permanent Marks (PM) whether or not the marks are to be used for the purpose of setting out,
checking or measuring the work.
Should any SSM or PM be disturbed or obliterated, the Applicant shall immediately notify
Council and shall, unless Council otherwise determines, arrange for a Surveyor to rectify such
disturbance or obliteration. The cost of rectification shall be borne by the Applicant.
1.11 SERVICE CONDUITS
All conduit trenches shall be at a grade of not less than (1) one percent in the direction nominated
by the Relevant Service Authority.
Conduits under roads shall be laid prior to the construction of the final base course layer, unless
otherwise approved by Council, and drained in accordance with requirements of the relevant
Authority.
Backfill material under road pavements shall comply with the requirements of pipe bedding for
stormwater drainage. Backfilling and compaction shall generally comply with the relevant
requirements of Specification for Stormwater Drainage.

The position of conduits shall be marked by moulding either "W" (water) painted blue, "T"
(Telstra) painted yellow or "E" (electricity) painted red into the kerb face. Where no kerbs are
laid directly over the end of each conduit, a 50mm x 25mm timber indicator painted white with
the upper 75mm painted red, 375mm long and set 300mm into the ground 600mm from the street
alignment shall be placed within the property and on the line of the conduit.
1.11.1 Electricity Conduits
Electricity service conduits shall be excavated for, supplied unless otherwise specified,
bedded, laid, jointed and backfilled in locations directed by Integral Energy and to that
Authority's requirements.
The ends of the conduits shall be plugged or suitably sealed to preclude entry of soil and
shall be connected with approved fittings.
The Applicant shall arrange for all conduits to be inspected and approved by Integral
Energy or their Agent.
Note: Integral Energy requires certification by a Surveyor or Engineer.
Crossings may comprise single, multiple or multiple layered conduits.
Kerb faces shall be permanently marked at conduit crossings directly above the conduit to
the requirements of Integral Energy and by a peg at the end of a conduit run where kerbing
has not been constructed. Marking shall be to the requirements of Integral Energy.
1.11.2 Water Service Conduits
The Applicant shall supply, excavate for, lay, joint and backfill water service conduits in
carriageways and pathways in accordance with Sydney Water Corporation regulations and
requirements as applicable.
The location of the conduits shall be marked by cutting the letter "W" 75mm in height in
the concrete kerb face or concrete edge at each end of the conduit.
The installation shall be carried out by a person suitably qualified and accredited by the
Sydney Water Corporation.

1.11.3 Telstra Conduits
The Applicant shall liaise direct with Telstra to ensure that the necessary conduits are
installed by Telstra in conjunction with Integral Energy. Kerb faces shall be permanently
marked at crossings directly above the conduit to the requirements of Telstra.
The installation shall be carried out by a person suitably qualified and accredited by
Telstra.
1.11.4 Gas Services
The Applicant shall make arrangements for the laying of conduits with the Natural Gas
Company.
The installation shall be carried out by a person suitably qualified and accredited by the
Australian Gas Light.
1.11.5 Restoration of Trenches
Upon completion of trench excavation for the installation of services and laying of ducts
all surplus material shall be removed from the site of work.
All footways shall be returned to the standard crossfall and any vegetation replaced. Any
concrete kerbs, paths or segmented paving damaged by the works shall be reconstructed to
Council's satisfaction.
Note:
Due care must be taken to ensure that appropriate erosion controls are installed and
maintained during any excavation and backfilling works when ducting and/or installation
of services is carried out.
1.12 ENVIRONMENT
The Applicant shall ensure at all times that the requirements of all the relevant Acts concerning
noise, air, water, dust, and other pollutants are fully observed.
Trucks carting material to or from the site are to have their loads covered to prevent spillage.
In regard to dust nuisance, the Applicant shall regularly water all haul roads, access tracks and
construction areas.

Council may direct that work cease until such time as any particular dust nuisance has been
controlled. All costs associated with control of dust shall be borne by the Applicant.
1.13 REINSTATEMENT OF DAMAGED INFRASTRUCTURE
Prior to final inspection by Council, all surplus material and rubbish shall be removed and the
whole of the site left clean and neat in appearance. Any road pavement, footway or kerb and
gutter disturbed or damaged during construction shall be reinstated in accordance with Council's
Restoration Policy to the satisfaction of Council's Engineer. Similarly, the whole work shall be
left in a neat and tidy condition at the end of the Liability Period.
1.14 CLEANING AND REINSTATEMENT OF EXTERNAL AREAS
The Applicant shall ensure that deleterious material deposited as a result of the works is removed
from external roads, footpaths and public areas. Any damage to external areas of the site as a
result of the works shall be reinstated by the Applicant as directed by Council.
1.15 CARRYING OUT WORK IN PUBLIC ROADS OR FOOTWAYS
Most developments require a drainage connection to a Council gutter or stormwater pipe located
in an adjoining public road. In some cases, full half width road construction may be required for
the full frontage of the site. Consequently, most development involves the carrying out of
excavation or other work within the footway or carriageway of a public road (road reserve).
Work must not be carried out in a public road unless consent has been granted by the Council (or
other relevant roads authority such as the Roads and Traffic Authority) under the Roads Act 1993.
A person wishing to undertake such work must:
1.15.1 Obtain a Road Opening Permit from the Roads Authority, usually Council,
for routine works such as connection to a kerb and gutter across a nature strip
for a single domestic drainage connection; or
1.15.2 Make special application to Council to obtain stamped approved plans issued
by Council under the Roads Act 1993 for more involved works such as
extension to or creation of new piped street drainage systems, or half width
road construction.
Note 1: Accredited certifiers do not have authority to grant consent under

the Roads Act 1993.
Note 2: Approval for carrying out works in a public road or footway is
granted separately to development consent or a complying
development certificate.
Note 3: The conditions of consent imposed on a DA approval will
generally specify what form of approval is required.

2 TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR WORKS IN PUBLIC ROADS
2.1 DESCRIPTION
A "Traffic Control Plan" must be prepared by a suitably qualified RTA accredited work site traffic
designer for all works that are carried out in or adjacent to a public road. This Plan must satisfy
all the requirements of AS 1742.3-2002.
It is the sole responsibility of the Applicant to have in place and maintain traffic facilities, i.e.
barricades, signs, lights, etc, at all times, day and night, seven (7) days a week for the duration of
the works in accordance with the Plan.
These traffic facilities must be installed and maintained by appropriately qualified RTA accredited
work site traffic controllers.
All and any responsibility will rest with the Applicant who shall absolve Council and its
Employees from any suit of law which may result from the failure of the Applicant to comply
with the above requirements.
If it comes to the attention of Council that Traffic Control Devices are insufficient or inoperational
(particularly in an after-hours situation), then Council may arrange to reinstate the Traffic Control
Devices and recoup the costs from the Applicant.
Any changes to the approved Traffic Control Plan must be approved by Council before
implementation.
2.2 ROAD OCCUPANCY LICENCE
The applicant shall ensure that a Traffic Control Plan is submitted to Council for approval at least
10 working days before any works are undertaken on any existing public assets owned,
maintained or controlled by Council. No works shall be commenced until such Traffic Control
Plan has been approved by a Council officer authorised to approve such plans for implementation.
In addition, no work shall commence on any Council assets until such time as the appropriate
occupancy permission has been obtained and the appropriate fees and charges pertinent to such
occupancy paid.

3 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
3.1 DESCRIPTION
This specification provides for measures for the erosion and sediment control that shall be
undertaken during construction.
The Applicant shall provide and maintain controls where shown on the Drawings or where
directed by Council. Such controls shall be in accordance with this Specification.
Erosion and sediment control designs shall address the requirements of Council's Engineering
Guide for Development, this Specification and relevant requirements and recommendations of the
NSW Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC). For works and control measures not
covered by this Section, the Applicant may follow DEC’s "Managing Urban Stormwater - Urban
Design" guidelines, or "Managing Urban Stormwater - Soil and Construction - Volume 1" 4th
Edition produced by Landcom (2004).
3.2 GENERAL
Perimeter control measures shall be placed prior to or in conjunction with the first phase of
earthworks. Construction shall be phased if directed by Council so that land disturbance is
confined to areas of workable size. This limits the duration for which disturbed areas are exposed
to erosion. Stabilisation measures shall be applied on the first disturbed section before the next
section is opened up if possible.
Topsoil stockpiles shall be located outside hazard areas such as drainage depressions.
Where site regrading or filling is to be undertaken, surface water shall be directed away from the
face of batters and stock piles.
All areas not subject to construction works shall be retained free from disturbance or damage
during the currency of the Works. Should these areas become disturbed or damaged they shall be
reinstated by the Applicant.
3.3 SEDIMENT AND EROSION CONTROL DEVICES
Where shown on the Documents or otherwise specified, sediment and erosion control devices
shall be constructed and maintained. Unless the device is a permanent structure, it shall be
removed when the areas upstream of it have been stabilised. The control devices shall be
constructed in the locations shown on the Drawings unless an alternative location is directed by
Council.

Standard drawings of sediment and erosion control devices may be found in Section 15 of this
Specification.
3.3.1 Temporary Construction Exit
The temporary construction exit shall be provided to shake off site material from exiting
vehicles and shall consist of a pad of coarse crushed rock, (75mm to 150mm range)
having a minimum depth of 200mm, a minimum length of 25m and a width as nominated
on the Documents or be of precast or prefabricated steel "cattle grid" type. See also
Standard Drawing A(BS)115.
3.3.2 Diversion Channels/Banks
Diversion channels are earth channels with a minor ridge on their lower side constructed
across the slope. The channel shall have side slopes not steeper than 1 in 3.
Where flows are too large to be contained by a simple channel, a diversion bank shall be
constructed below the channel. The bank shall have a compacted height of at least
500mm with batter slopes no greater than 1 in 2 and a top width of 600mm. The channel
behind the bank shall fall to the outlet point.
Diversions shall be stabilised by the method nominated on the Documents or otherwise

specified and shall be located where directed by Council so that runoff will discharge onto
stable disposal areas without causing erosion.
3.3.3 Level Spreader
Level spreaders shall be used as outlets for diversion channels or at other areas of
concentrated flow of runoff where conversion to sheet flow onto stable areas is required.
The level spreader shall be excavated at zero grade, the length shall be as shown on the
Documents or otherwise specified. The approach grade of the diversion channel shall not
exceed 1 per cent for at least 6 metres before it enters the spreader. Particular attention
shall be paid to the sill to ensure that it remains stable and a vigorous vegetative cover is
maintained below it. The channel behind the sill shall be de-silted on a regular basis and
no traffic shall be allowed to use this area.
3.3.4 Straw Bale Barrier
Straw bale barriers shall consist of wire bound bales laid lengthwise in an excavated
trench nominally 100mm deep. Each bale shall be securely anchored by two stakes or star
pickets skewer driven through its centre into the ground such that the top of the stake or
star picket is level with the top of the bale.

The barrier shall be constructed on that part of the perimeter of the site or at other
locations within the site where shown on the Document or where directed by Council.
3.3.5 Filter Bank
The filter bank, which is an auxiliary structure shall be installed in conjunction with and as
part of a diversion bank or other structure designed to temporarily pond sediment-laden
surface runoff.
The outlet shall be constructed in accordance with the details shown on the Documents.
Aggregate shall be in the 50 to 75mm size range. The crest of the outlet shall be a
minimum of 150mm lower than the top of the associated earth bank and may be either
level or slightly concave. The gravel outlet shall otherwise have a similar cross-section to
that of the adjacent earth bank. The length shall be as shown on the Documents or as
otherwise specified.
3.3.6 Sediment Traps
Temporary de-silting structures shall be constructed at inlets to stormwater systems to trap

sediment runoff. They shall consist of the following types:-
3.3.6.1 Surface Inlet
The surface inlet pit shall be completed to throat level and then topped off
with one or more courses of standard masonry construction blocks, nominal
150mm thickness, laid on side in accordance with the detail shown on the
Documents. Aggregate in the 50 to 75mm size range shall be placed around
the outside of the blocks.
3.3.6.2 Kerb Inlet
Kerb inlet traps shall be provided to pits in areas of high erosion susceptibility
and shall be constructed by modifying the kerb inlet to allow sediment
filtration. A roll of wire netting of a nominal 150mm diameter filled with
aggregate in the 50 to 75mm size range shall be placed across the pit entry in
accordance with the detail shown on the Documents. The netting shall be
lapped approximately 150mm and wired together. At both ends a concrete
spacer block laid on side shall be placed normal to the kerb.

3.3.6.3 Culverts
Existing road embankments with culverts beneath shall be converted to

temporary sediment traps by building around the entrance to the culvert a box
of unmortared standard masonry construction blocks nominal 150mm
thickness, placed on side in accordance with the detail shown on the
Documents. A filter of gravel or coarse aggregate (50 to 75mm size range)
shall be placed against the modified inlet. The filter material shall batter at 3
to 1 from the top of the blockwork. The width and height of the blockwork
shall be as specified in the Documents.
3.3.7 Filter Dams
Filter dams built of pervious materials such as straw bales, washed aggregate, gabions, or
sandbags filled with aggregate shall be placed across minor drainage channels while
ground cover is being established, to steady flow velocity and to trap sediment. In grassed
channels they shall be embedded at least 100mm in the soil to prevent water tunnelling
beneath them.
Aggregate filled sandbags shall be stacked in an interlocking fashion.
The dam shall be checked after each storm for structural damage or clogging by silt and
other debris and the Applicant shall make prompt repairs or replacements to the
satisfaction of Council.
3.3.8 Sediment Basins
Sediment basins, where specified, shall be constructed to the details shown on the
Documents. The basin shall be constructed as the first phase of the earthworks operation.
Basins shall be sized in accordance with Landcom's "Managing Urban Stormwater - Soil
and Construction - Volume 1" - 4th Edition (2004)
3.4 MAINTENANCE
All sediment and erosion control devices shall be maintained in a satisfactory working order
throughout the Maintenance Period or until such earlier time as the area upstream has been
stabilised and Council directs that the device be removed.
The devices shall be inspected after each storm for structural damage or clogging by silt and other
debris and prompt repairs or replacement shall be made by the Applicant.

All sediment deposited within ponded areas shall be periodically removed to a disposal area as
directed by Council.
Filter materials shall be cleaned and restacked or replaced when directed by Council to maintain
effective performance.
In the case of the temporary construction exit, the contractor shall undertake periodical surface
cleaning by drag broom or equivalent, to remove all build up of foreign material.
To control bank growth and to maintain healthy ground cover in channels and on banks, mowing
shall be undertaken at regular intervals when directed by Council.
3.5 STABILISATION OF DISTURBED AREAS
Stabilisation of disturbed areas shall be carried out in accordance with the Specification for
Grassing (see Section 13).
Where practical the following principles shall be applied for the control of erosion and
sedimentation:-
3.5.1 Stabilisation of denuded areas shall commence within fourteen (14) days of
the works being completed.
3.5.2 Stabilisation of the area over all stormwater drainage lines and sewer mains
not within road reservations shall commence within fourteen (14) days of
backfilling.
3.5.3 All temporary earth diversion channels/banks and sediment basin

embankments shall be seeded within fourteen (14) days of completion of their
earthworks.
3.5.4 Stabilisation of all cut and fill slopes shall be commenced immediately of
completion of formation.
3.6 DUST CONTROL
All reasonable steps shall be taken by the Applicant to limit the creation of any dust nuisance
which might arise during the execution of the works. In this regard all haul roads, access tracks
and construction areas shall be regularly watered.
Council may direct that work cease until such time as any particular dust nuisance has been
controlled. All costs associated with control of dust shall be borne by the Applicant.

3.7 DIVERTING WATER AND DE-WATERING
All necessary action shall be taken by the Applicant to prevent any surface and/or sub-soil water
from interfering with the progress of the works. The work area shall be kept free from such water.
All reasonable measures shall be taken to prevent any damage to the works by water due to flood,
seepage or other causes.
Any work or material damaged by water from any source shall be removed, replaced with fresh
material and reconstructed by the Applicant.
Provision shall be made for the temporary drainage of any road boxing excavation or pavements
in the event of rain. The Applicant shall ensure that this temporary drainage does not cause
erosion or siltation of any existing drainage works.
Appropriate arrangements must be made to provide anti-siltation measurements to prevent any

deleterious matters entering the stormwater system.
3.8 TURFING/GRASSING AT COMPLETION OF CIVIL WORKS
At the completion of Civil Engineering works all land disturbed by earthworks must be
revegetated. The following are minimum requirements:
3.8.1 Subdivision Roads and Footways
Provision of a turf strip minimum 300mm wide immediately behind, and for the full
length of, all kerb constructed in the subdivision.
3.8.2 Footways Adjacent to Other Developments
Footways adjacent to developments in existing areas, or where required by the DC, shall
be fully turfed.
3.8.3 Subdivision Lots
Lots in subdivisions which will be sold individually for dwelling construction must also be
surface stabilised against erosion. In this regard, disturbed areas must be
sown/hydromulched, as per Section 3.5 and Section 13 of this Specification.
Final acceptance of the subdivision/development "civil works" will be dependant on

satisfactory prevention measures being established on site and being maintained during the
Defects Liability/Maintenance Period.

4 SITE CLEARING AND/OR GRUBBING
4.1 DESCRIPTION
This Specification provides for the clearing and grubbing and removal of prescribed materials
from part of the area of the site shown on the documents.
4.2 NOTICE OF COMMENCEMENT
The Applicant shall give seven (7) working days written clear notice of the intention to commence
clearing operation. No work shall be commenced within that period, unless approval to do so has
been given by Council. (See Section 1.3.1.2 of the General Specification of Works).
4.3 CLEARING AND GRUBBING
For the full area of the road reserve, drainage easements or where otherwise shown on the
documents, all materials such as fences, concrete and/or brick foundations and/or floors, structures
of all descriptions, trees, shrubs, scrub, stumps, logs, boulders and roots except those fences,
structures, trees, shrubs and/or items which Council may direct to be retained shall be cleared
and/or wholly grubbed. All lying and fallen timber, rubbish and debris of every description shall
be disposed of off site, in accordance with Section 1.4.5.
4.4 TREES TO BE RETAINED
Council's Tree Preservation Order, City Environment Plan or any Interim Development Order
must be complied with.
No growing trees and/or shrubs shall be destroyed or damaged other than those specified or
directed to be removed. Council shall mark or otherwise indicate to the Applicant those trees
and/or shrubs that shall be removed and the Applicant shall take particular care during the
operations of clearing not to remove and/or damage any other trees and/or shrubs that shall
remain.
All trees that shall be retained shall be adequately protected at all times and particular care shall
be taken to avoid any damage to the roots, trunks and branches. These trees shall be marked by
Council prior to any works being commenced.
4.4.1 Roots
Before any excavation is carried out near the roots of trees and/or shrubs to be retained,
the Applicant shall obtain a direction from Council as to whether the levels in the vicinity
of the tree can be adjusted to protect the roots.

When any excavation is required in the vicinity of trees to be retained, hand excavation
first shall be used to locate the roots. Roots which are then seen to be affected by the line
of the proposed work shall be cleanly severed, clear of the work, before machine
excavation commences.
4.4.2 Trunks
Certain trees to be retained may have to be protected. This protection shall be provided by
lashing pine or other suitable off-cuts upright around the trunks leaving gaps of no more
than 150mm. The off-cuts shall be 1.5 metres high and shall extend down to ground level
so as to protect the boles. The flat side of the off-cuts shall face outwards and if necessary
shall be painted white.
4.4.3 Damage to Trunks
Where the trunks of trees are damaged by plant and/or equipment, Council may direct the
Applicant to effectively cover the damaged portion of the trunk with approved tree paint.
Alternatively Council may require advanced replacement trees to be provided. Council's
Tree Preservation Order shall be strictly observed.
4.5 REMOVAL OF TREES LEFT IN FILLED AREAS
The Council reserves the right to direct the Applicant to clear, grub and remove any tree and/or
shrub left living and standing in any area filled in the site preparation works if Council is of the
opinion that such tree and/or shrub is dead or dying.
4.6 DISPOSAL OF MATERIAL
All material cleared and/or grubbed in accordance with this Specification shall become the
property of the Applicant, who shall adhere to the provisions of the Protection of the Environment
Operations Act.
4.7 RESTORATION OF SITE
All holes or depressions caused by the clearing and/or grubbing work shall be backfilled with
approved material and the area compacted to the satisfaction of Council. Prior to being back-
filled the holes or depressions shall be inspected by Council.
4.8 PRIVATE PROPERTY
Every precaution shall be taken to prevent timber or other materials falling on and/or being
deposited on private property, and the Applicant shall remove, at their cost, any timber or other
materials so fallen and/or deposited.

4.9 DAMAGE
All damage of any kind, including damage to fencing and private property caused by the
execution of the work shall be made good by the Applicant at their expense, and to the satisfaction
of Council.

5 EARTHWORKS AND FORMATION
5.1 DESCRIPTION
This Specification provides for the formation by cut and/or fill of the earthworks for the
construction of roads, pathways, miscellaneous works and concrete structures.
5.2 REMOVAL OF TOPSOIL
Topsoil shall be stripped from within the formation areas of roads, driveways, parking areas,
pathways, miscellaneous pavements and other works inclusive of batters and shall be placed in
stockpiles shown in the Documents and/or in locations approved by Council for future top
dressing of formed footways, berms, batters and site regrading areas.
The thickness of the topsoil stripping shall be as specified on the Documents. Where not specified
the thickness of topsoil stripping shall be not less than 100mm.
All topsoil stockpiles shall be maintained in a neat and tidy condition during the execution of
formation of earthworks and until replacement of topsoil is carried out. Care shall be taken to
avoid contamination by any other matter. See also Section 3 of this Specification, Erosion and
Sediment Control.
Replacement of topsoil shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.14.
5.3 REMOVAL OF UNSUITABLE MATERIALS
Following the stripping of topsoil as specified in Section 5.2 and before excavation, filling or
other works are commenced, all exposed deleterious materials which, in the opinion of Council,
are unsuitable for the placing of filling shall be removed and disposed of.
If in the opinion of Council unsound or unsuitable material is encountered at the specified

excavation level or embankment base in other than minor pockets, additional excavation and
replacement with compacted approved material may be ordered. All unsound or unsuitable
material excavated in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph shall be disposed of by the
Applicant, to the satisfaction of Council.
If the material below ground surface level on subgrade/foundation is too wet to compact, the
material shall be tyned, drained or otherwise allowed to dry sufficiently to permit the specified
compaction to be achieved in accordance with Sections 5.4, 5.9 and 5.11.

5.4 COMPACTION PRIOR TO PLACING OF FILL

IN AREAS OTHER THAN ROADS AND FOOTPATHS
On areas to be site regraded by filling, and after removal of the materials as described in Sections
5.2 and 5.3 and before any filling material is placed, the stripped surface shall be compacted for a
depth of 200mm to a density not less than 95% of its standard maximum dry density. Such
stripped areas shall be tested and certified by a registered NATA laboratory and results
confirming conformance provided to Council prior to placement of fill.
5.5 EXCAVATION
Excavation shall be carried out to the depths and dimensions shown or implied on the Documents,
or to such greater depths and dimensions, as will ensure sound, permanent foundations. All
excavation shall be approved by Council before any materials or structures are placed thereon.
Any over excavation shall be made good with granular or other approved filling placed in layers
not exceeding 250mm thickness, loose measurement, and compacted to 95% of the standard
maximum dry density in accordance with the relevant Australian Standard.
Excavated material, if deemed suitable by Council, may be used in the formation of embankments
and for site filling.
No excavation shall be commenced until, in the opinion of Council, the necessary plant is on the
site to ensure uninterrupted progress and continuance of the cut to fill operation.
In carrying out excavation work, all reasonable precautions against mishap or accident, whether
arising from insufficient strength of timberings, bad workmanship, breakage of machinery or
plant, inefficient caulking or packing of open joints or spaces, flood, or any other cause
whatsoever shall be taken, and the Applicant shall be held solely responsible for all damage,
injury, or loss that may occur to buildings, structures, bridges, railways, roadways, streets and
other surfaces above and adjacent to the excavations, to all persons whether employed by the
Applicant, by Council or otherwise, and to his own and other works, and the cost of all such
damage, injury and loss and any compensation shall be met by the Applicant.
5.6 SURPLUS SPOIL
Surplus spoil shall be disposed of as specified in Section 4.6 of this Specification.
5.7 IMPORTED FILLING
All imported fill material shall be virgin excavated natural material (VENM) free from chemical
or other contamination. A contamination report on the proposed imported fill material, from a
NATA registered laboratory, shall be provided to Council prior to placement of fill.

5.8 EMBANKMENTS
Placing of filling on the prepared areas shall not commence until approval has been obtained from
Council.
Embankments shall be constructed from approved sound material in accordance with Sections 5.5
and 5.7 of this specification and shall be placed in horizontal layers extending across the full
width of the embankment of not greater than 250mm in thickness, loose measurement, and each
layer shall be compacted in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.11.
Where the cross slope of the natural surface is steeper than 1:3, (that is one vertical in three
horizontal), the base of the entire embankment shall be suitably stepped, scarified or roughened
before construction of the embankment is commenced. Natural ground adjoining an existing
embankment together with the existing batter shall be similarly treated before the embankment is
widened.
5.9 PLACEMENT AND COMPACTION OF FILL
Placement of filling on the prepared areas shall not commence until approval has been obtained
from Council.
Filling shall be carried out in horizontal layers, extending the full width of the fill areas in not
more than 250mm thick loose measurement layers.
The dry density of fill shall satisfy the following requirements:
AS1289 - 5.6.1 Sands -Density index more than 70% where compaction test is in
accordance with the relevant Australian Standard.
AS1289 - 5.4.1 Material other than sand - A minimum dry density ratio of 95%
where the compaction test is in accordance with the relevant
Australian Standard.
The co-ordination of Geotechnical Testing - the placement, supervision, inspection and frequency
of testing - shall be carried out in accordance with AS 3798 Appendix B Level 2 Testing (as a
minimum standard).
All filled areas shall be certified as complying with the requirements of this provision by a
N.A.T.A. registered Geotechnical Laboratory and the testing of such areas shall be carried out in
accordance with the relevant AS provisions.
Where depth of fill is > 250mm, compaction certificates certifying that the relevant density ratio
has been achieved must be submitted to Council upon completion of works.

The moisture content of each layer shall be maintained near optimum during compaction. Where
it is necessary to increase the moisture content, each layer shall be watered by means of an
approved sprayer delivering a uniform distribution of water over the area to be wetted. Adequate
watering equipment shall be available during all compaction operations.
5.10 BOXING OUT
The formation of roads, accessways, parking areas, pathways and miscellaneous pavements shall
be boxed out for the construction of the pavement as shown on the Documents.
The boxing shall extend 150mm behind the back of kerbs, and vehicular crossings, edges of
shoulders or edges for concrete pavements, etc.
Boxing in excavations shall be formed by removal of material from the solid. Boxing in
embankments may be formed by building up and compacting by rolling the footway or shoulder
area and then trimming the inside edges vertically to correct line.
Provision for temporary drainage and diversion of stormwater, where water may tend to
accumulate, shall be made by the Applicant. Care shall be taken to guard against scour on any
part of the construction. All temporary provisions for drainage, unless otherwise directed to be
retained for use as catch or shoulder drains, shall be restored to the satisfaction of Council before
pavement materials are placed.
5.11 TRIMMING AND COMPACTION OF EARTHWORKS AND SUBGRADES
The earthworks and subgrades shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling as close as practical to
optimum moisture content to achieve the specified compaction density. All soft or unstable
patches that may develop during the compaction operation shall be removed, filled with approved
sound material and blended into the surrounding material, moistened and rolled until thoroughly
compacted.
Where rock is encountered at sub grade level, it shall be suitably treated to the satisfaction of
Council.
Compaction of subgrades shall continue until a dry density has been achieved of not less than
100% of the standard maximum dry density when tested in accordance with Australian Standard
AS1289 Tests E.1.1 or E.1.2.
The co-ordination of Geotechnical Testing - the placement, supervision, inspection and frequency
of testing, shall be carried out in accordance with AS 3798.
A three (3) wheeled, self propelled roller or other approved device acceptable to Council, shall be
made available to carry out proof rolling those sections of subgrade prepared to be proof loaded.
Unless otherwise acceptable to Council the roller shall have rear rollers of at least 1200mm in
diameter and an intensity of loading of at least 7000 kg per metre width of roller.

After compaction, the subgrade profile shall be prepared parallel to the finished surface at the
specified depth below the detailed cross sectional and grade lines and over the required widths.
The subgrade profile shall be checked by Council. Any irregularities found shall be adjusted by
addition or removal of material followed by further trimming and rolling to achieve the specified
profile, shape and compaction.
All footpaths shall be excavated to a depth of 75mm below designed level then made good with
approved topsoil which shall be compacted and trimmed to provide a suitable crossfall falling
towards the kerb and gutter.
5.12 BATTERS
Unless otherwise specified or directed by Council the sides of cuttings and embankments, shall be
trimmed to a maximum slope of 1 vertical to 5 horizontal.
Where steeper batters have been approved by Council on design drawings, access ramps at a
maximum slope of 1 vertical to 5 horizontal, shall be provided opposite each kerb layback.
5.13 SITE REGRADING
Site regrading work shall be carried out as shown on the Documents by cut and/or fill operations
and/or by utilisation of surplus approved spoil material from site works. Where insufficient
material is available for filling purposes approved imported material shall be used to complete the
site regrading work in accordance with Section 5.7.
The areas specified to be regraded shall be finished to the levels, with allowances for topsoil
replacement, and/or grades, shown on the Documents without abrupt changes of slope and/or
depressions, which may hold surface waters. The regraded surface, after the specified
compaction, shall present a true surface, free from rocks, clods and rubbish of any description.
All areas, not subject to construction works, shall be retained free from disturbance or damage
during the currency of the works. Should these areas become disturbed or damaged they shall be
reinstated by the Applicant to the satisfaction of Council.
Site regrading for residential allotments shall comply with the current version of AS 3798.
5.14 REPLACEMENT OF TOPSOIL
The Applicant shall not commence placing of topsoil on the prepared areas until advised by
Council.
The stockpiled and/or imported topsoil shall be spread to the specified depth, or where no depth is
specified to a minimum depth of 100mm.

The topsoiled area shall then be compacted with a light roller and trimmed so that the finished
surface conforms to the design levels and grades.
Topsoiled areas, when finished, shall present smooth surfaces free of stones and lumps of soil and
blend into adjoining undisturbed ground.
All areas where vegetation has been removed shall be suitably grassed by means approved by
Council. A dense grass cover must be established upon completion of the earthworks and be
maintained during the Defects and Liability period.
Imported topsoil shall be free of stones, sticks, rubbish and other deleterious material and shall not
have more than 3% of the material retained on the 2.36mm sieve and shall be free from chemical
or other contamination. A contamination report shall, if required by Council, be provided by the
applicant from a NATA registered laboratory at no cost to Council.
5.15 PROGRESS INSPECTIONS
Construction of the pavement shall not be commenced on the formation until approval has been
obtained from Council. Where pavement has been constructed or commenced in contravention of
this Section, the Applicant, when ordered by Council, shall remove the pavement so commenced
or constructed.
5.16 ENTRANCE TO SIDE ROADS AND ADJACENT PROPERTY
Should any alteration to levels be made opposite entrances to side roads or opposite vehicular
entrances to adjacent property, arrangements to restore access shall be made in accordance with
the provisions of Section 1.4.4 of the General Specification of Works.

6 STORMWATER DRAINAGE
6.1 DESCRIPTION
This Specification provides for the excavation and backfilling of trenches and the supply, bedding,
laying and jointing of stormwater pipelines, precast reinforced concrete box culverts and
headwalls.
Where indicated in the Document culverts and pipelines shall be constructed complete with
connections, if required, to the required headwalls and/or pits.
6.2 DRAINAGE LINE LOCATION
The location of each drainage line shall be determined from the details in the Document, standard
drainage structure drawings, longitudinal profiles of drainage lines and ancillary special drawings.
The placing of survey marks, showing the location of drainage easements, shall be arranged by a
Surveyor or Engineer.
Drainage lines shall be constructed so that their centreline coincides with the centreline of the
respective internal wall of the drainage structure or as detailed in the documents.
Drainage lines within proposed drainage easements shall be located centrally and no portion of a
pipe, culvert or drainage structure shall be constructed outside the easement boundaries.
Should trees exist along the proposed drainage line, or so close to the trench that damage to trees
would be unavoidable, direction shall be sought from Council prior to excavation commencing.
6.3 TYPES OF PIPES AND BOX CULVERTS
Pipes and box culverts shall not be placed in position in the work until passed by Council either
with, or without testing, at Council's discretion. The fact that pipes are passed by Council shall in
no way limit their subsequent rejection by Council in the event that they do not conform to the
Specification.
All pipes delivered to the site shall carry the manufacturer’s distinguishing mark, nominal size and
class of pipe. For all reinforced concrete items, date of manufacture shall also be indicated.
All pipes/culverts shall be transported, stacked, handled and protected in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations.

6.3.1 Steel/Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pipes
Rubber ring jointed pipes shall be used for construction of all pipelines up to and including
1800mm diameter (See Council's Engineering Guide for Development). Where none
rubber ring jointed pipes are approved by Council, they shall have an external band (EB)
applied to the joint.
Pipes and specials such as bends and off-takes shall conform to AS 4058-1992, AS 4159-
2003 and AS 3725-1989 as applicable. Council reserves the right at any time to call for
any or all of the specified tests, viz. Load, Hydrostatic or Absorption, to be carried out on
each size of consignment of pipes prior to the pipes being used in the work.
6.3.2 Vitrified Clay Pipes
Unless otherwise specified, all pipes shall be stormwater class, rubber ring joint. They are
permitted for inter-allotment drainage and private property drainage only.
All fittings shall be first quality conforming to the requirements of AS 1741-1991

Vitrified Clay Pipes.
6.3.3 uPVC Pipes and Polypropylene Pipes
The use of uPVC pipe, Class SH and polypropylene pipes both with a nominal diameter of
between 100mm and 300mm is permitted for inter-allotment drainage and private property
drainage only. Pipes and fittings shall conform to the requirements of AS 1260-2002,
"Unplasticised PVC (uPVC) Pipes and Fittings for Sewerage Applications" and shall be
rubber ring jointed.
UPVC pipes must always be protected from direct sunlight by stacking in the shade or
under cover, to Manufacturer's Requirements.
6.3.4 Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts
Precast Box Culverts shall conform to the requirements of Section 7.15 as well as load
tests and water absorption tests to AS 4058-1992. If required by Council the Applicant
shall provide documentary evidence that the intended box culverts comply with all aspects
of AS 1597.1/2.
6.3.5 Precast Concrete Headwalls
Precast Concrete Headwalls may only be used for tailout headwalls for small pipes up to
300mm diameter, in low embankments. They may also be used for temporary headwalls,
where approved by Council.

6.4 EXCAVATION
Excavation shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.5 of the
Specification.
The Applicant shall take all precautions against accident, damage to the works or other works and
properties and injury or loss arising from any cause whatsoever to persons employed by him.
Should drainage trenches be excavated to depths greater than that necessary, the excess
excavation shall be made good, to the correct level, with approved bedding material and
compacted to 95% standard max dry density.
Trenches shall be excavated to a sufficient width so that a minimum space of 150mm is created
between the side of the trench and the outside of the pipe. Where necessary to allow the proper
handling, jointing and placing of all types of pipes specified, additional excavation may be
required.
Trenches shall be excavated over their full width to the specified depth to allow a minimum of
75mm bedding below the pipe for all classes of material. All loose material shall be removed
from the bottoms of trenches prior to the placing of approved non-cohesive granular bedding
material.
The bottoms of trenches or excavations in all soil types shall be compacted prior to the placing of
any bedding or concrete materials. Should, in the opinion of Council, the foundation material be
incapable of effective compaction, the material shall be removed to a depth of at least 200mm
below the underside of the collar of the pipe and replaced with approved material.
In wet or unstable ground conditions, where the trench bottom requires further stabilising,
additional approved bedding material in conjunction with an approved filter fabric shall be placed
below the standard bedding as directed by Council.
6.4.1 Shoring and Battering
Subject to any Act of Parliament, Ordinance or Regulation, the Applicant shall satisfy
himself as to the necessity of shoring excavations and shall accept the sole responsibility
as to its being required and to its use in the works.
The execution of any additional excavation by benching or battering to offset the necessity
of shoring may be approved on written request to Council.

6.4.2 Laying in Filled Ground
Where pipes are required to be placed in filled ground, or where the top of the pipe would
be less than 400mm below the natural surface, filling shall first be placed and thoroughly
compacted, the trench being excavated in the normal manner to the required levels, and
after laying and jointing of pipes, the line shall be backfilled in accordance with the
requirements of Section 6.17 of this Specification.
The excavations shall be kept free of water at all times. Sumps formed for the purpose of
dewatering shall be kept outside the line of the trench and away from foundations as far as
possible. When no longer required, they shall be backfilled and compacted as specified in
Section 6.17 of this Specification.
6.5 ALLOWANCES IN EXCAVATION QUANTITIES
The following allowances shall be made for drainage excavation:
Width: (a) Single cell pipelines - In accordance with AS 3725.

(b) Multiple cell pipelines - As per single cell pipeline with a minimum of 300mm
spacing between the further most extremity of the pipes.
6.6 PIPE BEDDING MATERIAL
The material used for bedding of pipes shall be approved non-cohesive granular material having
high permeability, high stability when saturated and free of organic material and shall be a single
size material between 2.36mm and 19mm with a maximum plasticity index of 6.
Samples of the types of materials intended to be used shall be approved by Council prior to their
use.
No bedding material shall be placed until the excavation has been inspected and approved by
Council. After acceptance by Council, bedding material shall be placed and compacted to the
correct level for pipe laying.
6.7 PIPE LAYING
Pipes shall be laid using lifting facilities, if provided, to the top or in accordance with the
manufacturers requirements and shall have their full length in contact with the prepared bedding
as specified, the pipes shall be placed to form drainage lines true to line, level and grade as shown
on the Documents and/or as otherwise detailed and in a straight line. All pipes shall be laid in
accordance with the requirements of AS 3725.

Any pipe which is not laid on true alignment or to design level and/or grade or which shows any
settlement after construction or which is damaged during backfilling or compaction operations,
shall be taken up by the Applicant, replaced with a new pipe, if damaged, and the drainage line
completed to the satisfaction of Council.
6.7.1 Multiple Pipes
Where 2 or more lines of pipe are to be laid in parallel, the space between the furthermost
extremity of each pipe shall be 300mm.
6.7.2 Diameter Pipes
Where a pipeline of 1050mm or larger in diameter is laid in a trench beneath an area to be

paved and where the depth of backfill cover between the obvert of pipes and the subgrade
level above is less than 0.5m, all pipes shall be temporarily strutted internally in the
vertical axis at each pipe joint. Struts shall be of timber or other materials of dimensions
approved by Council and shall bear against sills and caps tightly wedged against the pipes.
Strutting shall be removed following completion of the construction of road, driveway or

pathway pavements.
6.7.3 Angled/Curved Pipes
Where a drainage line contains an angled bend or curved pipes, the angle bends and
curved pipes shall be supplied and laid in accordance with the relevant provision of this
Specification and to details shown on the Document. This provision shall only apply to
pipelines larger than 1200mm in diameter.
6.8 CCTV INSPECTIONS OF DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
On completion of the approved engineering works and prior to the final inspection, or where
directed by Council, the Applicant shall provide a Coloured Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)
Report of the internal structure of all stormwater pipes and culverts that are part of the road
drainage system, and shall rectify all defects evidenced by the Report to the satisfaction of
Council.
All costs associated with the CCTV inspection and rectification works shall be borne by the
Applicant.
6.8.1 CCTV Field Testers
CCTV Field Testers must have NATA accreditation under the Sydney Water Field Testing
Services Program for CCTV inspections. Field Testers shall also have professional
indemnity insurance adequate to cover the value of the works they are inspecting.

6.8.2 CCTV Inspection Procedure
The CCTV Inspection Procedure shall be carried out in accordance with the Water
Services Association of Australia (WSAA) "Sewer Inspection Reporting Code of
Australia" and the "Sewerage Code of Australia" (Sydney Water Edition).
The structural and serviceability condition ratings of the stormwater pipes and culverts
shall be assessed using the SEWRAT computer program or equivalent.
6.8.3 CCTV Reports
The CCTV Report shall consist of VHS Video Tape or DVD of the inspection video, a
hard copy printout of the SEWRAT (or equivalent) report, and a CCTV Certification
Statement.
6.9 SUBSOIL PIPES IN STORMWATER DRAINAGE TRENCHES
Subsoil drainage pipes shall be laid adjacent to every stormwater pipe and culvert for a minimum
distance of 3 metres upstream at each pit. The subsoil pipe shall be fitted with a filter sock and
shall comply with the requirements of Section 6.17. The filter sock shall be appropriately tied at
the upstream end to preclude the entry of filter material. The subsoil pipeline shall be laid at the
same grade as the stormwater pipeline or Culvert.
Where shown in the Documents or where directed by Council, subsoil pipes shall be laid for the
full length between kerb inlet pits. The subsoil pipes shall be laid centrally located under the kerb
in accordance with Section 6.17 of the Document. The pipe shall extend to the upstream pit and
shall be connected through the pit wall at a level above the obvert of the outlet pipe.
6.10 METHOD OF PIPE JOINTING
All pipes shall be jointed in accordance with the manufacturers requirements.
Care must be taken to ensure that all joints are free from dirt or other obstructions and that the
rubber rings if used are placed evenly in the joint.
All lifting holes provided shall be covered by mortar/sand mixture or other approved method
before backfilling.
6.11 CONCRETE ENCASING
Concrete encasement, where shown on Documents, or where directed, shall have a minimum
thickness of 150mm above and below the pipe, and shall extend the full width of the trench.
Ductile iron cement lined (DICL) pipes may be substituted for encased concrete pipes. Pipes to
be encased shall be firmly supported to design line and level.

6.12 CONCRETE BULKHEADS
Where shown in the Documents or where the grade of the pipeline is ≥ 15%, concrete bulkheads
shall be constructed at every second joint. The axis of the bulkhead shall be vertical with a
minimum top width of 200mm. Unless otherwise directed the top of bulkheads shall extend to
within 300mm of finished surface level or to the subgrade level where the pipeline is under a road
pavement. On each side of the pipe at the level of the trench invert 100mm dia pipes shall pass
through the bulkhead. Such pipes shall be filled with fibreglass wool or other approved filter
material. The bulkhead shall be located directly behind the downstream collar so as not to encase
the joint.
6.13 DIRECT CONNECTIONS
Where direct pipe connections are shown on the Documents, both pipes shall be carefully cut or
manufactured so that a neat junction is obtained. The inside joints shall be neatly and tightly
finished with cement mortar so that the internal shapes of the pipes are maintained.
Junctions with a branch pipe of 225mm diameter and over shall be supported on concrete as
shown on the Standard Drawing A(BS)108M.
6.14 PRECAST CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS
Crown units shall be positioned true to line, level and grade as shown in the Documents, and the
sections closely butted together. The sides and top of the crown units for the full length of the
butt joint shall be covered with a 300mm wide strip of polypropylene bitumen impregnated or
similar fabric as approved by Council. All joints shall be tightly fitted.
The crown unit legs shall be set on a nominal 5mm thickness of 3 to 1 wet cement mortar or other
approved grouting material.
In all cases care shall be taken to ensure that the interior of the crown units have a neat, smooth
and uniform surface at the joints.
See also Section 7.15 of this Specification.
6.15 DRAINAGE PITS
See Section 7 “Concrete Structures”, Section 7.14 of this Specification.
6.16 INSPECTION PRIOR TO BACKFILLING
All drainage lines shall be inspected and approved by Council after laying and jointing and prior
to the placing of any backfilling.

6.17 BACKFILLING
Unless otherwise specified or directed, drainage excavations shall be backfilled and compacted
with non-cohesive granular material e.g. sand or metal dust, to subgrade level under roads or a
maximum of 300mm above the top of pipe in other areas or as maybe approved by Council.
Selected backfilling shall be placed and compacted by mechanical means in layers not exceeding
150mm compacted thickness to a dry density equal to at least that of the surrounding undisturbed
material.
The layers shall be saturated with clean water where required by Council and compacted by a
vibrating plate or pencil vibrator.
Upon completion of pipelaying, jointing and backfilling of the drainage line, the whole of the
drainage line including junction pits, inlet pits, etc., shall be cleaned and maintained in that state
for the duration of the Defects and Liability Period, to the satisfaction of Council.
6.18 PRIVATE INTERALLOTMENT DRAINAGE
Where indicated on the Documents or directed by Council, inter-allotment drainage lines

complete with fittings, pits and connections to stormwater pits and/or pipes shall be constructed.
Materials shall comply with the requirements of Section 6.3 and be jointed in accordance with
manufacturer’s specification or other approved method acceptable to Council.
Unless otherwise specified the pipes shall be laid with their centreline 500mm from and parallel to
the lot boundaries at a minimum grade of 1 percent and having a minimum cover of 300mm. Pits
shall be constructed at changes of grade, pipe size or direction but not further spaced than five (5)
lots or 75m whichever is the shortest distance. When a inter-allotment line is connected to kerb, a
pit shall also be constructed just inside the property boundary.
Pipes as per Section 6.3 shall be laid on a minimum of 50mm of approved non cohesive granular
bedding.
Inspection pits of 600 x 600mm size for up to 600mm deep lines and 600 x 900mm size for up to
1500mm deep lines and 900mm x 900mm size for deeper lines shall be constructed in-situ or
precast and located within the proposed drainage easements.
Slope junctions shall be provided at the low point of the drainage line within each allotment where
no pit is provided. The end of the slope junction pipe shall be fitted with a plug or cap clearly
marked "stormwater only".
Where connecting to a stormwater pit, the piped crossing of the footway area between the pit near
the property line and the pit in the roadway shall be constructed from concrete pipes with a
minimum diameter of 225mm. Pipes within private property shall have a minimum diameter of
150mm.

Where the Inter-allotment Drainage Line is to be connected to the kerb the conduit shall consist of
galvanised Rectangular Hollow Section (steel) of suitable size.
All lines shall be inspected and approved by Council after laying and jointing and prior to
backfilling. Selected material from the trench excavation may be used for backfilling unless
directed otherwise by Council. Trench backfill shall be compacted to the satisfaction of Council
and the trench area shall be finally trimmed to restore the surface to final levels.
6.19 SUB-SOIL DRAINS
6.19.1 Location
Sub-soil drainage shall be constructed where shown on the documents or in the positions
nominated by Council. Where sub soil drains are to be laid underneath concrete kerb and
gutter they shall be positioned such that the vertical centre of the sub soil drain shall be
directly below the invert of the gutter, as specified in Section 6.19.1 to Section 6.19.3.
6.19.2 Materials
Pipes
Perforated corrugated or smooth wall uPVC pipe, Class 400, conforming to the relevant
Australian Standard for Perforated Drainage Pipes and Associated Fittings or Slotted
fibre-reinforced cement subsoil drain pipe. Alternate systems of sub soil drainage may be
considered subject to detailed information being provided to Council and subject to
approval by Council.
Filter socks: shall be of approved manufacture.
Filter fabric: shall be approved type and shall comply with the relevant AS
requirements.
Filter material: shall be approved crushed rock of 20mm (nom) size for the full depth of
the trench.
6.19.3 Trench Excavation
Trenches shall be excavated to a width of 300mm and a depth of 1000mm measured from
the design level of the lip of gutter, or to a depth that the pipe can be laid below any
service conduit or as otherwise directed, and shall provide a minimum grade of 1%. The
trench shall be excavated such that no localised areas of ponding occur.
In areas outside of road reservations the depth shall be 600mm below natural surface.

6.19.4 Bedding, Laying and Backfilling
Pipes shall be bedded on 50mm thickness of the specified filter material and shall be
graded as shown on the Documents or at a desirable grade of not less than one percent and
shall be connected to stormwater drainage pits.
After laying the pipes the trench shall be backfilled with the 20 mm(nom) crushed rock in
layers not exceeding 300mm to subgrade level. An approved filter fabric shall be placed
over the crushed rock.

7 CONCRETE STRUCTURES
7.1 DESCRIPTION
This Specification provides for the forming, reinforcing, mixing and placing of concrete used in
the construction of pavements, drainage structures, kerbs and gutter, and other miscellaneous or
special concrete works.
7.2 CONCRETE MATERIALS AND SLUMP
7.2.1 Disposal of Concrete Waste
All concrete waste whether set or not which is not covered by Section 7.2.2 and Section
7.2.3 shall be disposed of in a facility registered to receive such waste.
7.2.2 Cleaning of Concrete Equipment
Concrete mixing, placing, finishing and transporting equipment such as truck agitators,
barrows, hand tools, concrete helicopters, kerb machines, moulds and barrows shall not be
washed down or cleaned in any area not approved by Council. Prior to commencing any
concrete works, the applicant shall nominate an area within the site for such clean up to
occur. Said site must be approved by Council and shall comply with all aspects of Section
3 of this Specification.
7.2.3 Ready mixed concrete shall be used for the works
Ready mixed concrete shall be obtained from an approved source and shall comply in all
respects with the requirements of the Australian Standard Specification for Ready Mixed
Concrete AS 1379 - 1997.
The nominal maximum size of aggregate in the ready mixed concrete shall be twenty (20)
mm and the slump of the concrete at the time and place of delivery, when tested shall be
as specified below. Any batch of concrete delivered to the site of the work and having a
slump when tested in excess of that specified shall not be used in the work unless
otherwise approved. All concrete rejected shall immediately be removed from the site and
disposed of in a registered facility for the disposal of such waste or returned to the
batching plant.

Item of Work Slump (mm)

Machine moulded kerbs and
gutters or similar work: 20 maximum
Concrete driveways and

pathpaving 80 maximum
All other items: As specified in the Documents.
7.3 CONCRETE TESTING AND STRENGTH
Cylindrical test specimens 300mm long by 150mm in diameter, when sampled and tested by a
NATA registered laboratory, from concrete taken at the time and place of delivery into the forms,
shall develop a minimum crushing strength as scheduled below when tested in accordance with
the current version of AS 1012:
TABLE 7.1
ITEM OF WORK MINIMUM CRUSHING

STRENGTH AT 28
DAYS MPa
Private access roads and community title roads 32
Footway crossings 20
Dish crossing and apron 20
Bus bays 32
Drainage pits, headwalls, converters, channel 20
linings and special structures as detailed in the
documents
Pathways and integral kerbs 20
Kerbs and gutters and miscellaneous kerbing and 20
edge supports
Street footpaving 20
Structural headwalls and drainage As specified in the
Structures to Special
Design Documents
The strength of the concrete shall be determined from the average 28 day strength of not less than
two test specimens moulded from each specified mix of ready mixed concrete actually placed in
the work, selected to represent the whole of the concrete placed during the day of moulding. In
general one pair of test specimens shall be moulded from each twenty cubic metres of concrete.

Water shall not be added to the concrete after batching. Any concrete so watered down shall be
rejected by Council and removed from the site and disposed of in accordance with Section 7.2.3
paragraph 2.
Council may direct additional specimens to be taken for testing at seven or twenty-eight days. In
order that subsequent working operations may proceed, work represented by specimens may be
accepted in the event that the seven day test is satisfactory.
When kerbs and gutters and similar work are constructed using a self-propelled moulding
machine, Council, in lieu of moulding cylindrical test specimens, may elect to extract cores at a
maximum spacing of 100m from the finished in-situ work for testing in accordance with the
relevant section of the current version of Australian Standard AS1012.
If cylindrical specimens fail to achieve the specified twenty eight day strength, Council may
arrange for cores to be extracted from the constructed work. In the event of the average strength
of such cores, when tested, complying with the specified requirements, the work represented by
the specimen cores may be accepted and the cost of extracting and testing of the cores shall be
borne by the Applicant. In the event of core testing failing to satisfy the strength requirements,
the concrete shall be removed and disposed of and replaced with new work. All cores holes left as
a result of coring shall be filled with 20Mpa concrete to the level of the surrounding material.
7.4 REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcing bars shall be of mild steel conforming to the current Australian Standard "Hard-
drawn Steel Reinforcing Wire" and "Hard-drawn Steel Wire Reinforcing Fabric", and shall
conform to the current version of Australian Standard AS/NZS 4671.
All reinforcing bars and mesh shall be supplied by an ACRS accredited supplier and shall be
appropriately marked with the supplier's unique identify mark. Any reinforcing steel or mesh not
so marked AND supplied from an ACRS accredited supplier shall be immediately removed from
the site.
All steel reinforcement shall be free from mill scale, grease, tar, paint, oil, mud, mortar or other
foreign substance and shall be true to size. If in the opinion of Council the steel is coated with
more than a thin film of rust it may be rejected for use in the work and shall immediately be
removed from the site.
When required by Council the Applicant shall submit samples of the reinforcement cut to a
suitable length or section for testing purposes.
All reinforcement shall be accurately placed in situ to the spacing and positions shown on the
Documents with bends and hooks located at the points shown.

Reinforcement shall be secured in position by tying a sufficient number of times with suitable
wire at laps and crossings to prohibit displacement during the pouring and working of the
concrete.
Reinforcement in concrete slabs and similar work shall only be supported on chairs of approved
manufacture, height and spacing.
7.5 FORMWORK
Formwork shall be so designed and assembled that it can be removed without damage to the
finished concrete. Materials used in the formwork shall be of approved timber, free from loose
knots and other defects, board or metal plate.
Timber forms and exposed surfaces shall be dressed on at least one surface and shall be either
dressed or tongued and grooved at connecting edges. Forms for unexposed surfaces of walls,
slabs etc. may be of undressed timber, board or metal plate.
Metal plate forms for exposed surfaces shall be clean, smooth, undented and unmarked and
devoid of holes. Where bolt, screw or rivet heads are used for connections such connections shall
be countersunk.
Forms shall be assembled true to line, level and grade, held rigidly to maintain position and shape
and shall be butted and mortar tight. Forms shall be chamfered or filleted to the details shown on
the Documents.
Prior to the pouring and placing of concrete the internal surfaces of the forms including chamfers,
fillets, removable ducting and similar shall be uniformly coated with a thin film of oil, soap or
other approved formwork compound to avoid adhesion of cement mortar and the staining and
discolouration of exposed surfaces of the concrete. Any oil, soap etc. adhering to the
reinforcement shall be thoroughly removed or the reinforcement taken from the forms and
replaced with the specified quantity of clean, undamaged material all to the requirements of
Council.
Any bolts, spacers or similar, supporting or separating forms shall be suitably greased and placed
so that they may be later removed without damage to the concrete.
Formwork and forms shall be inspected by Council immediately prior to the placing of concrete.
If during the placing of the concrete the formwork or forms show signs of displacement that
portion of the concrete shall be removed immediately, the formwork or forms secured to the
satisfaction of Council, and the concrete pour completed within the requirements of this
Specification.

7.6 CONCRETE PLACING
Subgrade, formwork, forms and reinforcement shall be approved by Council before concrete is
ordered for placing. All sawdust, shavings, pools of water and debris shall be removed from the
space to be occupied by the concrete.
Concrete shall be placed in the forms by chute in a uniform continuous flow, the length and
inclination of the chute being such as to prevent separation of the concrete ingredients. Concrete
shall not be dropped into place from a height greater than one and a half metres. Prior to placing,
the full area to be occupied by the concrete shall be thoroughly moistened.
Concrete shall be deposited and spread in horizontal layers and shall be compacted by vibration or
other approved means. Care shall be taken to fill every space in the forms, to work coarse
aggregate uniformly throughout the mix and away from form faces and to force concrete under
and around the reinforcement without it being displaced.
No concrete which has developed initial set shall be used in the work and shall be disposed of in
accordance with Section 7.2.1.
7.7 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
Where a construction joint is necessary in a concrete pour it shall be provided in accordance with
the details shown on the Documents. If not shown the joint shall be formed in a slab with a rigid
bulkhead and dowels in a manner approved by Council or in the case of a vertical section by
finishing the concrete to a level plane with a roughened surface.
Prior to the resumption of a concrete pour the surface of the joint shall be cleaned of all laitance,
loose and foreign material, care being taken not to disturb reinforcement or to damage adjoining
concrete surfaces. The joint shall be thoroughly saturated with water and fresh concrete shall be
carefully worked against the surface of the concrete previously placed and around reinforcement
at the joint.
7.8 REMOVAL OF FORMS
All forms shall remain in position for a period not less than twenty four hours after concrete
placement. Earlier removal being permitted only on the authorisation in writing of Council.
Should the air shade temperature fall below ten degrees or rise above twenty seven degrees
Celsius, the minimum period may be extended as the Council directs.
Curing of concrete shall commence immediately forms are removed.

7.9 CONCRETE FINISHING
All concrete surfaces shall be finished true and even, free from air and stone pockets, depressions
or projections. All arrises shall be sharp and true and moulding shall be evenly mitred, care being
exercised in removing forms to ensure this result. Immediately on removal of formwork any
rough surfaces, holes and honeycombed areas shall be repaired.
Wire ties protruding from the concrete after removal of the forms shall be cut back and any
chipping of the concrete in executing this requirement shall be repaired with cement-sand mortar.
Holes left by the removal of bolts, spreaders or the like shall be similarly treated. Additional
treatment in some locations may be required where directed.
When directed exposed surfaces shall be wetted with clean water and rubbed down with an
approved carborundum or sandstone block until all repaired areas, rough surfaces and joint marks
of forms are removed leaving the surfaces clean and smooth and uniform in colour and
appearance. Finishing work shall be completed within two days following removal of the forms.
7.10 CURING
Where necessary, the completed concrete shall be protected from extremes of temperature for a
period of seven days during which time the concrete shall be kept continuously moist and covered
with canvas, plastic or hessian sheets, chemical curing compounds, sand at least 50mm thick or
other approved means.
New work shall be adequately protected from damage by weather conditions, traffic or other
causes and all necessary barriers and signs for the control of vehicular and pedestrian traffic shall
be erected and maintained for the specified period of concrete curing.
7.11 FOUNDATIONS
Foundations and subgrades shall be prepared in accordance with the Specification for Formation.
The bases shall be formed to a smooth and regular surface and thoroughly compacted to give a
foundation of uniform bearing value throughout.
No concrete shall be placed until the foundations have been inspected and approved by Council.

7.12 KERB AND GUTTER
7.12.1 Base
The base for kerbs and gutters shall be formed at the required depth, on an approved
pavement sub-base in accordance with Section 8 of this Specification. A sub-base of
compacted thickness not less than the road pavement sub-base with a minimum depth of
175mm, shall be provided on the compacted subgrade.
Immediately prior to placing of the concrete, the surface shall be moistened, checked for
uniformity and all irregularities made good. The sub-base materials under the kerb and
gutter shall be protected from stormwater scour prior to backfilling and/or placing of the
pavement materials.
7.12.2 Kerb Moulding Machines
Unless otherwise specified kerb moulding machines shall be used for the construction of
kerb and gutter and profiles shall be in accordance with Standard Drawings.
The speed of the kerb moulding machine shall not exceed 2.5 metres per minute unless
otherwise approved in writing.
7.12.3 Finish
All exposed concrete surfaces shall be finished clean and smooth, and uniform in colour
and appearance. All corners, joints and edges shall be left neatly rounded.
7.12.4 Joints
Vertical expansion joints of approved bitumen impregnated jointing material or equivalent

shall be placed at 12m spacing or at the end of each day's construction, at junctions with
existing work and at kerb transition adjacent to gully pits as per Standard Drawing
A(BS)106M. Weakened plane joints shall be cut at regular intervals, 3.0 metres apart, and
shall extend into the kerb and gutter faces at a minimum of 75 millimetres.
7.12.5 Crossings and Perambulator Ramps
Vehicular crossings and perambulator ramps, where required and/or shown on plan, shall
be provided in conjunction and concurrently with the construction of the kerbs and gutters
inclusive of roll kerb and gutter in accordance with Standard Drawing A(BS)104M.
The vehicular crossings shall be constructed in positions where shown on the Documents
and to the details shown on Standard Drawing A(BS)102S or A(BS)103S or as otherwise
specified. Expansion joints shall be provided at the end of each crossing/ramp.

Generally, vehicular crossings shall be located 1000mm from the lower side of the
respective lot boundary.
7.12.6 Curing
Curing shall be carried out in accordance with Section 7.10.
7.12.7 Tolerances
The finished concrete shall be in accordance with tolerances indicated in Sections 1.7.6.1
to 1.7.6.4.
Notwithstanding the levels shown on the Documents for gully pits, kerb returns and low
points the Applicant shall ensure that the gutter near or adjacent to the gully pit is properly
drained.
7.12.8 Provision for House Drainage Connection
Outlets through the kerb shall be provided as specified or directed for each house to drain
roof water into the gutter in accordance with Standard Drawing A(BS)101M.
One drainage outlet shall be provided six (6) metres from the lower side of each lot or
from the upper end of the vehicular entrance, where provided.
The Applicant shall fit the manufactured outlets into the kerb in a workmanlike manner
ensuring that they are firmly secured in the concrete and fall towards the gutter. The
surface shall be refinished to match the balance of the work.
Where kerb moulding machines are used the outlets shall be placed into position
immediately after the machine has passed.
Outlets in roll kerbs shall be of approved manufacture and made of extruded aluminium or
galvanised steel. The shape and size of the outlets, shall conform to that shown on
Standard Drawing A(BS)101M.
7.12.9 Backfilling
After the concrete has set sufficiently, but not sooner than three (3) days after placing, the
area behind kerbs and/or gutters shall be backfilled with sound approved material. It shall
be thoroughly compacted in layers not exceeding 150mm in thickness, without
displacement of the adjacent construction, and left in a neat and workmanlike manner.

7.12.10 Replacement of Incorrect and/or Damaged Construction
All kerbs and gutters or similar work shall be constructed in a workmanlike manner so
that it will resist damage or displacement by weather conditions, road construction,
builders, and plant, or undermining by scouring away of the sub-base materials.
Where kerb and gutters or other concrete items are not constructed to line and level or are
damaged, cracked or displaced during the Defects and Liability Period the Applicant shall
remove and reconstruct such sections of concrete kerb and gutter or other concrete items
as directed by Council.
7.13 CONCRETE FOOTWAY, PATHWAY

AND DRIVEWAY PAVEMENTS
7.13.1 Subgrade
The subgrade for concrete pavement shall be formed at the required depth below the base
in accordance with Section 8 - Flexible Road Pavements, Section 8.6.
7.13.2 Sub-base
Approved sub-base material of the type shown on the Documents shall be spread, levelled
and compacted on the prepared sub-grade. The minimum compacted thickness of the sub-
base material shall be 25mm or as indicated in the Documents. The sub-base shall comply
with Section 8 - Flexible Road Pavements, Section 8.6. Immediately prior to placing of
the concrete the sub-base shall be lightly watered.
7.13.3 Reinforcement
Reinforcement shall be as shown on the Documents and shall be supported above the
subgrade by on chairs. All splicing of the reinforcement shall have a minimum overlap of
300mm and be securely tied.
7.13.4 Finish
The concrete shall be struck off with a screed and finished with wooden floats, followed
by light brooming at right angles to the alignment of the pavement to provide a uniform
non-slip surface. All edges and joints shall be finished forming a minimum 50mm margin
in a neat workmanlike manner.
7.13.5 Joints
Joints shall be constructed in Private Access Roads and Community Title Roads as shown
on the Documents.

In pathway and footway paving transverse joints shall be constructed at intervals 1.2
metres. Expansion joint shall generally be at intervals of six (6) metres and shall consist
of 10mm thick approved jointing material.
The mastic jointing shall be constructed to the full depth of the concrete.
7.13.6 Protection
Barriers and lights shall be provided, erected and maintained by the Applicant to protect
sections of new work. Where there is any likelihood of access by the public, additional
barriers and lights shall be provided, erected and maintained at the start and ends of all
boxing left overnight in accordance with Australian Standard AS 1742.3-2002.
7.13.7 Cleaning Up
All spoil shall be removed concurrently with the work of excavation and backfilling.
Trimming of footways shall be completed within seven days of the concrete being placed.
An additional days deferment of backfilling at gateways may be permitted to avoid
damage to footpaving by vehicular traffic.
All footways for the full width adjacent to constructed paving shall be trimmed by cutting
or filling where required and all areas of loose material lightly compacted to the specified
crossfalls and grades as shown on the Documents.
On completion of kerb and gutter and subsequent backfilling/trimming of the footway, a

strip of turf (min. 500mm wide) shall be placed adjacent to the kerb.
This turf shall be maintained to provide a dense cover to act as a siltation barrier, during
the Defects and Liability Period.
7.14 DRAINAGE PITS
Drainage pits shall be cast insitu, and for pipes 600mm dia. and over benched internally with mass
concrete to not less than one third of the outlet pipe diameter, notwithstanding that such benching
may not be shown on the relevant Documents. Precast pits are not acceptable in Public Roads or
for Council Drainage Easements.
Where drainage pits exceed 1.2 metres in depth, approved climb irons must be installed to provide
a 300mm vertical and 220mm horizontal spacing.
Pit walls shall be formed on both the inside and outside faces.
Where drainage pits exceed 1500m in depth the walls shall be reinforced with F82 for the full
depth.

"Birdsmouthing" of pipes will not be accepted and all pipes shall be laid true to line as indicated
on the Documents.
Subsoil drainage pipes, laid in accordance with Section 6 - Stormwater Drainage, Section 6.17,
shall be connected to the next downstream pit and shall extend through any mass concrete
benching so as to provide a free outlet.
7.15 PRECAST CONCRETE SECTIONS

(BOX CULVERTS AND PRE-FORMED BENDS)
Where indicated on the Drawings or where authorised in writing by Council, precast box culvert,
concrete sections and/or bends may be provided to the form and dimensions shown on the
Documents and shall be placed in positions specified.
The surfaces of the precast components shall be smooth, in true planes with square ends.
Patching and plastering of sections will not be permitted. The units shall be sound and free from
cracks, chips, porous spots or other visible defects.
7.16 CAST IRON AND STEEL FITTINGS
Cast iron gratings, frames and other fittings shall comply with the relevant requirements of AS
1830-2002 "Grey Iron Castings".
Steel gratings, frames and other fittings are to be to the requirements of AS 1657-1992 Ordinary
Structural Steels - Ordinary Weldable Grades, they shall be hot-dipped galvanised in accordance
with AS/NZS 4680-1999 "Galvanised Coatings".
Galvanised steel grates shall be of "Weldlok" gully grate type GG78-51 or GG78-42A or
equivalent with flat skirt base.
Fittings shall be to the grade and dimension shown on the Documents and/or Standard Drawings
and shall be firmly and evenly bedded into the concrete structure.
7.17 PATTERN STENCILLED CONCRETE PAVEMENT

FOR MEDIAN ISLANDS AND ROUNDABOUTS
Pattern Stencilled Pavement shall consist of a concrete base reinforced as specified, laid on an
approved subgrade of granular material. After screeding of the concrete the specified patterned
paper moulding shall be placed and stamped in place.
The colouring shall be supplied at the application rate and method specified by the manufacturer
to a nominal 3mm thickness.

Surplus colour agent shall be removed by mechanical means. A curing agent shall then be applied
as required by the specific method of colour application followed by the sealer.
The sealer shall be of a non-slip type suitable for public roadways.
Control joints shall be inserted by cutting of the slab to one quarter (¼) of the slab thickness at
nominal 3000 spacing.
Contraction/expansion joints shall be constructed where directed or shown on the plan.

8 FLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENTS
8.1 DESCRIPTION
The granular materials for flexible road pavement construction shall consist of approved crushed
or ripped sandstone, DGB 20, DGS40 and/or approved recycled materials in accordance with the
relevant sections of this specification.
Alternatively the pavement may consist of a "deep" lift asphaltic concrete laid on a bound or
unbound base course or sub base course. Asphaltic concrete shall conform with RTA R116
"Specification for Supplying and Laying of Asphaltic Concrete" see also Section 10 of this
specification. The material shall be spread on the subgrade or sub-base in uniform layers to
provide the specified pavement thickness. The base course shall be recessed, as shown on the
Documents, unless otherwise specified, to receive the required thickness of AC wearing course .
The initial layer of the wearing course shall consist of 25mm of AC10 and shall be laid by the
applicant. The final layer of the wearing course shall consist of a minimum of 25mm of AC10
and shall be laid by Council.
Crushed or ripped sandstone meeting the requirements of Section 8.2 may be used. It shall only be
used as a sub base material and shall have a minimum granular base course cover of 150mm of
better quality material.
All granular material to be used within the proposed road pavements shall be obtained
from certified stockpile sites, previously confirmed by NATA registered laboratory to comply
with this Specification for nominated material type(s). Any material not obtained from a certified
stockpile shall be removed and replaced, at no cost to Council, with material that has been
so certified.
8.1.1 Pavement Design
A formal pavement design shall be prepared by an Engineer and shall be based on

sampling and testing of the subgrade materials taken from the site by a NATA registered
laboratory. The pavement design and associated details shall be submitted to Council for
approval a minimum of 5 days before commencing any pavement construction. The
associated details required with the pavement design include the results of the subgrade
testing (the design Californian Bearing Ratio values for the subgrade) and design traffic
loadings. The minimum allowable unbound granular pavement thickness shall be 300mm
comprising of a 150mm thick sub-base layer and a 150mm thick base course layer.
Pavement designs shall comply with the requirements of Section 3.6 - "Pavement Design",
of Council's Engineering Guide for Development.

8.1.2 Supply and Quality of Material
The supplier shall provide the Development Supervisor with evidence that the material to
be used is from the certified stockpile site and the amount of material allocated to the
works are adequate to complete the works. Material may be sourced from more than
one stockpile site providing that all such stockpiles have been certified. Material
sourced from separate stockpile sites shall not be blended to form a single stockpile nor
shall they be mixed before or during the construction process.
8.1.3 Site Stockpiles
Site stockpile sites shall be formed on clean, even, well drained firm ground. Stockpiles
of different materials shall be separated from each other and so positioned as to prevent
cross contamination. No more than a total of 500 tonnes of material shall be stockpiled on
site at any one time.
8.1.4 Certified Stockpiles

Granular material for flexible pavement construction or restoration must be sourced
from a stockpile certified by a NATA registered laboratory as complying with
requirements of Council’s Civil Works Specification 2005.A material stockpile
certificate must contain a statement of compliance with this Specification, and clearly
identify:
1. Supplier name 4. Stockpile location 7. Stockpile number

2. Material type 5. Stockpile size 8. Certifier name
3. NATA accreditation 6. Certificate issue date 9. Certificate “valid
number to” date
All testing and certification must be undertaken at cost of applicant or supplier. It is

the applicant’s responsibility to obtain compliance certificates for all material used, and
submit copies of these to Council. Full test results must also be made available to
Council upon request.
Once a stockpile has been certified as meeting the requirements of this
specification, no further material shall be added to the stockpile.
Each delivery docket shall identify the supplier and the certified stockpile from
which the material is being supplied, and the site supervisor shall make
all such documentation available for inspection by Council at any time.
8.1.5 Allowable Material Types
Only those materials designated as a Dense Graded Base (DGB) or a Dense Graded Sub
Base (DGS) are permitted to be used within the flexible pavement. Materials designated as
a Graded Macadam Base (GMB), a Graded Macadam Sub-base (GMS) or as a Macadam
Sub-base (MS) are expressly precluded from being used as a component of any flexible
pavement.

8.2 CRUSHED OR RIPPED HAWKESBURY SANDSTONE

All material shall be delivered from certified stockpiles. Any approval given to the source
of supply of materials may be withdrawn if 3 or more samples taken from the pavement
after compaction fail to comply with this Specification.
Note: Sandstone may not be used in pavements for Industrial Roads unless it has
been augmented by a process approved by Council.
8.2.1 General
Crushed or ripped sandstone shall be minus 75mm nominal size, derived from sound,
clean sandstone free from overburden, clay seams, shale and other deleterious material and
shall meet the requirements of Section 8.2.2 and shall have a minimum 4 day soaked CBR
of 40% when a representative sample of the material passing the 19mm sieve is tested in
accordance with AS 1289 - 5.1.1 2003.
8.2.2 Grading
Table 8.1 below sets out the grading limits:
TABLE 8.1
Nominal Size % Passing Class All
75mm 85-100
53mm 75-100
37.5mm 65-100
26.5mm 57-94
19mm 50-88
9.5mm 37-76
4.75mm 27-65
2.36mm 20-52
1.18mm 15-42
425µm 10-28
75µm 5-17
TABLE 8.2
Test Method Property Crushed Sandstone
Sub-base
AS 1289.7 Linear Shrinkage 5%
AS 1289.C1 Liquid Limit 23 (max)
AS 1289.C3 Plasticity Index 12 (max)
AS 1278.F1 Soaked CBR (based on 100% Standard 40 (min)
Comp. 4.5 Kg surcharge, 4 day test)

8.3 CRUSHED ROCK (DGB 20, DGS 20 AND DGS 40)
Crushed rock (DGB 20, DGS20 & DGS40) shall be unbound granular material and may consist of
a blend of two or more granular materials. When the primary material is deficient in fine
particles, material may be added and blended as necessary to meet the requirements of the
Specification. Material produced by blending shall be uniform in grading and physical
characteristics. The material shall comply with RTA QA Specification 3051 Edition 5, 1998,
Table 3051.1 and the various requirements of this Specification and, irrespective of the traffic
category of the intended pavement, shall have a plasticity index no greater than 6; an aggregate
wet strength of not less than 70 KN and a wet/dry strength variation of not greater than 35%.
8.4 RECYCLED MATERIAL
Recycled material may be used as either a sub base material or a base course material
providing such material is sourced from a certified stockpile site. Where the material is to be
used as a base course material it shall comply with RTA Specification 3051 and this
Council Specification and, irrespective of the traffic category of the intended pavement,
shall have a plasticity index no greater than 6; an aggregate wet strength of not less than 70 KN
and a wet/dry strength of not greater than 35%. Where recycled material is to be used as a sub-
base material, it shall comply with RTA Specification 3071 for a type A select fill and this
Council Specification and, irrespective of the traffic category of the intended pavement, shall
have a maximum wet/dry strength variation of 50%.
Recycled DGB material shall have a maximum UCS of 1.5MPa when tested in accordance with
RTA Test method T116, MODIFIED compaction and cured at 7 days accelerated curing.
Recycled DGS material shall have a maximum UCS of 1.5MPa when tested in accordance with
RTA Test method T116, standard compaction and cured at 7 days accelerated curing. A
minimum of 3 test per 4000 Tonne stockpile shall be undertaken for both types of material.
The Applicant must seek and obtain prior approval for the use of such material, and such material
shall only be derived from a certified stockpile. Recycled material not derived from a certified
stockpile shall be removed from the site.
The applicant shall provide Council with copies of all delivery dockets for material sourced from
a Certified Stockpile. Such dockets shall clearly state the supplier, stockpile number and tonnes
delivered.
The limit of foreign material for a sub-base material shall be as set out in RTA Specification 3071
Table 3071.2.
The limit of foreign material that may be incorporated into a base course material shall be as set
out in the Table 8.3 below.

TABLE 8.3
Foreign Material Type Maximum Limit by Mass
(Test Method RTA T276) Base
Type I:
Metal, Glass, Asphalt, Stone, Ceramics 1%
and Slag (other than blast furnace slag)
Type II:
Plaster, Clay Lumps and Other 0.1%
Friable Material
Type III:
Rubber, Plastic, Bitumen, Paper, Cloth, 0.1%
Paint, Wood and Other Vegetable Matter
Where a material or substance is not specifically listed as a foreign material type in the above
Table 8.3 or in Table 3071.2 then the allowable maximum percentage shall be 0.00%.
8.5 FORMATION FILL MATERIAL
Where it becomes necessary to provide select fill material between the top of the natural subgrade
and the bottom of the pavement material then this shall be done in accordance with RTA QA
Specification 3071. The applicant shall furnish Council with the necessary NATA endorsed
results confirming that the material does meet the requirements of this Specification. Such
information shall be furnished to Council a minimum of five days before it is proposed to use
such material.
8.6 DELIVERY
The pavement material shall be transported from the source to the site in appropriate vehicles
which will prevent the loss of material including fines. Material shall be supplied with a moisture
content (uniformly distributed) between the optimum moisture content and (minus) -3%.
8.7 SPREADING
Pavement material shall be spread in uniform layers of not more than 150mm and not less than
75mm so that after compaction the total pavement thickness is as specified. Spreading shall be
undertaken by a method which will ensure that segregation does not occur.
The pavement base course(s) shall be extended for a minimum of 150mm behind the back of the
kerb.
Prior to compaction, the moisture content of the material shall be adjusted to obtain the optimum
moisture content. Where necessary, water shall be added by an approved method, and shall be
mixed uniformly with the pavement material by an approved mechanical device. Existing excess
moisture in the material shall be dried to the specified moisture content by loosening and aerating.

Where the compacted surface is below the specified level, the defective area shall be scarified to a
depth of 150mm, new material added as required, and the area recompacted to required levels.
Pavement material shall not be spread upon a water-logged subgrade or sub-base. If, at any time,
the subgrade or sub-base material becomes rutted, or mixed with the pavement material, the
material shall be removed, reshaped and recompacted and material replaced with fresh material, if
required.
8.8 COMPACTING AND TRIMMING
During compaction operations the moisture content of the material of a layer or course shall be
uniformly adjusted throughout so as not to exceed Optimum Moisture Content or be less than
Optimum minus 3% or as otherwise approved. Water may be added in an approved manner to
achieve or to maintain the required moisture content.
After the mixture has been brought to the specified moisture content, it shall be compacted
immediately. The compaction shall begin at the sides and progress to the centre, parallel with the
centre line of the roadway, uniformly overlapping each preceding pass by a minimum of 150mm
and covering the surface completely.
The surface of any compacted layer of material shall, on completion of compaction and
immediately before preparation for the overlaying with the next layer, be of a roughened texture,
free from compaction planes (false pavement), ridges, cracks, or loose material. All segregated or
otherwise defective areas shall be removed to the full thickness of the layer, relaid with new
material and re-compacted to the satisfaction of Council.
After the first course has been completed to the specified depth and density, the second course
shall be uniformly spread on the prepared surface and similarly treated. The top of each course
shall be graded and trimmed to line and level.
Variations in the compacted thickness of each course shall be in accordance with Section 1.7.3,
General Specification of Works.
Any irregularities in excess of the tolerances stated above shall be corrected.
Compaction of pavement material shall continue until there is no visible movement of the
pavement under the proof roller as specified in Section 6.7. A dry density shall be achieved of not
less than 98% modified of the density obtainable in AS 1289 - 5.4.1. - 1993 Dry Density/Moisture
Content Relation of a Soil using Modified Compaction. Frequency of testing shall be in
accordance with the current version AS3798-1996.

8.9 PAVEMENT AND DENSITY TESTING
8.9.1 General
The Developer shall arrange and bear the cost of all pavement testing as required by this
Section.
Test results for each pavement layer shall be submitted to Council’s Engineer for
approval. Approval to construct subsequent pavement layers may be given only after
Council’s Engineer has reviewed the test results.
8.9.2 Density Testing
The pavement compaction requirements shall be as follows:
Minimum Dry Density Ratios (AS 1289 5.4.1. - 1993):
Base Course 98% Modified

Sub-base Course 98% Modified
Subgrade 100% Standard
8.9.2.1 All testing shall be carried out by a NATA registered laboratory, or a

Council approved laboratory.
8.9.2.2 All testing shall be in accordance with test procedures as detailed in AS

1289.
8.9.2.3 Frequency of testing shall be in accordance with Table 2 of AS 1289 and

taken 1.0m from the face of kerb on alternate sides of pavement.
8.10 PROOF TESTING
The Applicant shall make available a 3-wheeled self-propelled roller or other approved device
acceptable to Council and shall carry out proof loading, by rolling that section of pavement to be
proof loaded as directed by Council.
The roller shall have rear rollers of at least 1200mm diameter and an intensity of loading of at
least 7000kg per metre width of roller, unless otherwise approved by Council.

8.11 PROGRESS INSPECTIONS
Construction of the pavement shall not be commenced on the formation until approval has been
obtained from Council. Where pavement has been constructed or commenced in contravention of
this Section, the Applicant, when ordered by Council, shall remove the pavement so commenced
or constructed within the time specified by Council.
8.12 INSPECTION, SAMPLING AND TESTING
Regular inspection, sampling and testing of the pavement may be undertaken by Council while
construction of the pavement is in progress. Field density tests to determine the degree of
compaction may be carried out by Council, using the sand replacement method or its equivalent,
or using nuclear devices, or such other method as may be approved.
8.13 DEFECTIVE MATERIAL
If, at any time during the progress of the work, any material supplied is found not to be in
accordance with this Specification, Council will direct the Applicant to remove the unsuitable
material and replace it with approved material. Previous acceptance of the whole or part of the
material shall not restrict Council in its right to direct removal and replacement of material
subsequently found to be unsatisfactory. The Applicant shall carry out such remedial work
immediately, without cost to Council.
8.14 COMPLETED PAVEMENT SURFACE
The completed pavement shall have a uniform, hard, monolithic surface, which shows no visible
movement under the roller and in which the pavement particles are tightly and uniformly bound.
Final sweeping of the pavement shall be carried out immediately prior to the application of
bituminous surfacing materials to ensure that the surface is free of all slurry and/or dust which, in
the opinion of Council, may interfere with the proper adherence of the bituminous materials to the
pavement surface.
Prior to the application of the bituminous wearing course, the pavement shall be maintained in the
above condition, to the satisfaction of Council.
8.15 OPENING PAVEMENT TO TRAFFIC
If required, and with Council consent, during the progress of the works the Applicant shall freely
and without undue obstruction permit traffic to use the constructed pavement prior to the
preparation for and the application of asphaltic concrete.
Where such use cannot be provided adequate side-tracks or detours shall be provided by the
Applicant. Where appropriate, a Traffic Control Plan in accordance with Section 2 of this
Specification shall be provided.

8.16 MAINTENANCE
During the construction period and throughout the duration of the Maintenance Period, completed
pavements shall be maintained by the Developer in a clean and sound condition.
In the event of any defect appearing in a pavement, and whether before or after the application of
surfacing material, the defect shall immediately be made good by the Developer. The defect area
being scarified as required, shall then have the defective material removed, fresh pavement
material added and the area re-compacted and trimmed and surfaced to produce a pavement which
conforms with the requirements of the Specification and which blends evenly in with adjoining
construction, all to the satisfaction of Council.

9 SPRAYED BITUMINOUS SURFACING
9.1 DESCRIPTION
This specification provides for the spraying of hot bitumen and the application of a suitable
precoated aggregate to an existing sealed surface or an unsealed, prepared surface.
The surfacing shall be in one or two applications as specified elsewhere and/or as directed in the
documents.
The work shall include the following:
Supply of all materials, including aggregate;

Sweeping of pavement;
Heating, cutting back binder in the field and applying binder for seal coat(s).
Heating and applying cutback binder prepared at the refinery or other source of supply;
Pre-coating of aggregate;
Application of aggregate;
Rolling and incorporation of aggregate;
Maintenance of work.
In multiple application treatments, each application of binder shall be covered with aggregate and
rolled as specified, before the subsequent application of binder.
Unless otherwise authorised, no sealing work shall be carried out while the pavement temperature
is less than ten degrees Celsius (10ºC) in the shade, or during periods of wet weather, unless
authorised by Council.
9.2 SUPPLY OF MATERIALS
The Applicant shall supply all of the various materials including precoated aggregate necessary
for the execution of the work in accordance with this Specification.
9.3 MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS
Unless otherwise stated all rates and quantities under this specification relating to binder and
cutter oil shall refer to measurement by volume at fifteen degrees Celsius (15°C).

9.4 QUALITY OF MATERIALS
9.4.1 Binder
Bitumen shall conform to the RTA 3253 specification.
9.4.2 Cutter Oil
Cutter Oil shall conform to AS 3568.
9.4.3 Refinery Cutback Bitumen
Refinery Cutback Bitumen shall conform to RTA 3261 Cutback Bitumen.
9.4.4 Precoating Materials
Precoating materials shall conform to the current RTA Specification for the Supply and
Delivery of Cover Aggregate for Sprayed Bituminous Surfacing. These may be oil based
materials with additives, bitumen based materials with additives or water based materials
with additives.
9.4.5 Aggregate
Aggregate shall conform to Specification RTA 3151 for the Supply and Delivery of
Aggregate for Sprayed Bituminous Surfacing
The nominal size(s) of the aggregate shall be 14mm for the first seal coat of a 2 coat
application, and 10mm for a single coat application or for the second seal coat of a two
coat application.
9.5 SAMPLING OF MATERIALS
The Applicant may be required to supply at any time, adequate samples of any or all materials
used or to be used in the work. The time of sampling may be either prior to dispatch of the
material from source of supply or subsequent to its arrival at the job or both. The Applicant shall
supply all facilities, equipment and labour for obtaining the samples.
The methods of sampling and testing shall be those described under the relevant materials
specification contained in Section 9.4 where applicable. If any sample fails to conform to the
specification requirements, the whole of the material represented by such sample may be subject
to rejection or other action as described in Section 9.17.

9.6 PLANT
All plant and equipment necessary for carrying out the work in accordance with this Specification
shall be provided by the Applicant.
All plant and equipment used on the work shall be kept in good operating condition and free from
all fuel, oil, water or chemical leaks. Plant or equipment considered by Council to be unsuitable
for carrying out the work in accordance with this Specification shall be removed from the site and
replaced with suitable substitutes.
9.7 PREPARATION OF PAVEMENT
The pavement surface shall be swept free of loose stones, dust, dirt and foreign matter so as to
uncover, but not dislodge the stones of the pavement immediately before applying the first coat.
Sweeping shall extend 250mm clear of the pavement.
A mechanically operated rotary broom shall be used for the sweeping provided it does not disturb
the surface stones. If a satisfactory clean surface is not obtained thereby, additional sweeping
shall be carried out by hand using stiff bass or similar approved brooms. Any adherent patches of
foreign materials shall be removed from the road surface.
Where the prepared pavement is recessed below the gutter lip, additional sweeping shall be
carried out by hand adjacent to the gutter lip to remove all loose material.
No spraying shall be commenced until the pavement has been prepared to the satisfaction of
Council.
9.8 CONTROL OF WORK
Council may direct the width, length, alignment and section of road to be sprayed at any time.
Provided the width of treatment does not exceed 7.4 metres, Council may direct whether spraying
is to be carried out to the full width of the roadway or in part widths. Where part width spraying
is carried out the work shall be arranged to provide for a continuous flow of at least one lane of
traffic.
The sprayer shall be so guided that the edge of the spray conforms at all times to the required line.
Any section of pavement not adequately covered by binder shall be sprayed by the hand
attachment.
Council may order work to temporarily cease on account of adverse weather, unsatisfactory
condition of pavement or aggregate, or circumstances which are considered to adversely affect the
work.

Variations in the proportion of cutter oil in the binder may be ordered by Council at any stage of
the work.
The Bitumen Sprayer and all other equipment used on the work shall be kept in good operating
condition and shall be operated by persons skilled and experienced in their respective duties. The
Applicant shall remove from the work any workman or equipment considered by Council to be
unsuitable for carrying out the work in accordance with this Specification.
All necessary precautions shall be taken to prevent binder, aggregate or other materials from
entering or adhering to kerbs and gutters, gully pits, hydrants, or valve boxes, manhole covers,
bridge or culvert decks, and similar road fixtures. Immediately after the aggregate has been
spread over the binder, steps shall be taken to clean off any material and leave the site of work in a
clean condition.
9.9 OPERATION OF SPRAYER
Unless otherwise authorised by Council and except as stated hereunder in this Section, the
application of binder shall be made by means of a mechanical sprayer.
Where the use of the mechanical sprayer is not practicable the spraying of such areas as Council
may approve may be carried out by means of the hand spray equipment.
The spray nozzles shall be of the make and type endorsed on the Sprayer Certificate. The
Applicant shall measure and mark on the ground the length of the surface to be sprayed by each
run of the sprayer.
Binder shall be applied at the rate specified or ordered and shall be within the tolerances stated in
the relevant RTA Form, or as stated in other performance requirements acceptable to the Council.
The spraying table referred to in that Form shall be available on the work site at all times and
shall be used to determine the appropriate road speed and settings of sprayer controls prior to the
commencement of each sprayer run.
After each sprayer run, the quantity of material sprayed shall be checked against the area covered
and any necessary adjustments shall be made to ensure that the specified or ordered rate of
application is maintained in subsequent runs.
Spraying shall cease immediately if any defect develops in the spraying equipment, and it shall
not recommence until the fault has been rectified.
9.10 HEATING OF BINDER
Binder shall be heated to a temperature necessary to carry out the operations of cutting (if
required) and spraying. The temperature of the binder at the time of spraying, shall be within the
limits given in Table 9.1.

At no time during heating shall the specified upper limit be exceeded.
TABLE 9.1
HEATING AND SPRAYING TEMPERATURES
Type of Material Grade Dynamic Viscosity Range of Temperature for
Range in Pa.s at 60°C heating and Spraying °C
Cutback AMC4 2.0 - 4.0 110 - 135
Bitumen AMC5 5.5 - 11.0 120 - 150
AMC6 13.0 - 26.0 135 - 160
AMC7 43.0 - 86.0 150 - 175
Bitumen Class 170 140.0 - 200.0 160 - 190
Binders shall be heated in equipment which will permit uniform heating without damage to the
content. The heating equipment and methods of operation shall be as approved by Council.
Only required quantities of binder shall be heated.
All binders shall be sprayed as soon as possible after heating.
Temperatures shall be checked regularly by means of a suitable thermometer with the readings
within plus or minus 2.5 degrees Celsius (2.5ºC) of the correct temperature.
Two or more suitable fully-charged pressurised dry chemical fire extinguishers, shall be provided,
and shall be placed conveniently to the heaters at all times while heating is in progress. Suitable
loose sandy materials shall also be provided at the heaters for use in the event of fire.
9.11 CUTTING BACK BITUMEN BINDER
The percentage of cutter oil to be used in the binder at any time during the course of the work
shall be subject to the approval of the Council and shall generally be determined from the road
temperatures and the Cutback Chart.
The binder in each sprayer load shall be cutback as directed by the Council, and each sprayer load
shall be accompanied by a certificate showing the volume of bitumen and cutter oil material
respectively used.
9.12 APPLICATION OF BINDER
The binder shall consist of bitumen or cutback bitumen prepared in a bitumen refinery or other
source of supply as scheduled in Table 9.1, or cutback bitumen prepared in the field.

The net cold rate of application of the binder unless otherwise specified, and/or specifically
nominated on the Documents shall be:
Single coat seal or reseal 1.2 litre sq.m.
Two coat seal

1st application 1.3 litres/sq.m.
2nd application 1.1 litres/sq.m.
Council reserves the right to order variations in the specified rate(s) of application at any stage of
the work.
When refinery cutback bitumen is used as the binder, the ordered rate for residual bitumen shall
be increased, to allow for cutter oil in the mixture, in accordance with Table 9.2
TABLE 9.2
Grade of Approximate Increase in * Permissible Range of Road
Refinery Amount of Ordered Temp (°C) Aggregate
Cutback Cutter Oil Rate (%) Precoated
Litre Rate (%) No Moisture Moisture on
on Aggregate Aggregate
AMC 4 16 19 - 10 - 15
AMC 5 11 12 12 - 17 12 - 28
AMC 6 7 8 22 - 27 22 - 38
AMC 7 3 3 32 - 37 32 - 48
When refinery cutback bitumen is in use, and the actual road temperature is outside the
permissible range given in Table 9.2, spraying shall be deferred until the road temperature comes
within that range. Alternatively, in the case when the road temperature is too low, extra cutter oil
may be added to the binder as directed by Council. Any additional cutter oil shall be mixed
uniformly with the binder.
The binder shall be applied to the prepared road surface in the manner specified at a rate of
application within a tolerance of plus or minus 5% of that specified.
The temperature of the binder at the time of spraying shall be within the range specified in Table
9.1.
At the time of spraying, the road surface shall be clean and free from loose materials and where
binder is to be applied to a primed or sealed pavement, the surface shall be dry. Where binder is
to be applied to a pavement not previously primed or sealed, the surface shall be slightly damp.

The area to be sprayed with binder at any time shall be limited to that which can be covered with
aggregate at the specified rate within 20 minutes of the time of spraying.
9.13 PRECOATING OF AGGREGATE
All cover aggregate shall be coated with an approved agent and at an application rate nominated
but generally in the range of 6 to 15 l/m3.
Precoating material shall be thinly and evenly applied by means of a fine pressure spray to a
moving stream of aggregate, in an approved mixing plant, so that all particles are fully coated, but
do not contain excess material. Precoating only shall be carried out to accepted industry
standards.
When precoated material is being applied, the aggregate may be dry or damp, but shall not contain
excess moisture to cause uneven distribution of the precoating material on the aggregate particles.
9.14 APPLICATION, DISTRIBUTION AND

INCORPORATION OF AGGREGATE
After spraying the binder, aggregate as specified shall be spread uniformly over the sprayed
surface by an approved mechanical spreader.
The rate of application of the aggregate, shall be:
Single coat seal or reseal 1 cu.m per 120 sq.m. (10mm nominal size)
Two coat seal
1st application 1 cu.m per 90sq.m. (14mm nominal size)
2nd application 1 cu.m per 120 sq.m. (10mm nominal size)
Council may order variations in the specified rate(s) of application at any stage of the work. In all
cases the following procedure shall be adopted.
Sufficient material shall be at the site to provide the full aggregate cover required for the quantity
of binder to be sprayed at that time. Aggregate at site shall be sufficient to re-run or hand cover
bare or insufficiently covered places left after the first spreading.
The application of aggregate shall commence immediately after the spraying of the binder and
shall be completed within twenty minutes of spraying. Bare or insufficiently covered places shall
be re-run with the mechanical spreader or covered by hand as may be directed. Aggregate in
excess of the rate of application specified or ordered shall be scattered and evenly distributed on
the road.

In two coat work, before the second course of binder is applied, the first course of aggregate shall
be incorporated thoroughly into the binder by rolling, and if there are any surplus loose particles
on any portions of the sealed area, such portions shall be swept lightly, so as to remove the loose
particles, but not disturb the aggregate bedded in the binder.
This work shall proceed as soon as the first course of aggregate is firmly held by the binder. After
the second application of binder and aggregate, rolling and any necessary drag brooming shall
proceed as specified.
9.15 COMPACTION
After the aggregate has been applied it shall be rolled with an approved pneumatic tyred roller
followed by a steel drum roller.
Rolling of each section of the work shall commence immediately after the application of the
aggregate thereto and shall continue until the aggregate is firmly embedded in the binder. Where
required to ensure an even distribution of aggregate, the surface shall be traversed with a light
drag broom after the initial rolling. If the broom has any tendency to dislodge aggregate particles
bedded in the binder, drag brooming shall be deferred or eliminated and light hand brooming be
substituted. The drag broom shall be in accordance with Section 9.6. Rolling shall be continued
up to a maximum period of 24 hours after the aggregate is applied.
9.16 TRAFFIC
Traffic shall not be permitted to travel on the new work until approved by Council. Traffic shall
not be permitted to travel adjacent to the works whilst binder is being sprayed.
Any precautions required to ensure the safety of traffic during the progress of the work shall be
carried out without extra cost in accordance with AS 1742.3-2002.
Traffic control shall be in accordance with AS 1742.3-2002 and Section 2 of this specification.
9.17 DEFECTIVE WORK OR MATERIALS
The Applicant shall make good any work that is not in accordance with this specification, whether
caused by bad workmanship, or defective materials supplied, or by materials made defective by
his operations or made defective by any other means.
9.18 WASTE MATERIALS
Waste aggregate, bitumen, empty containers or other materials remaining after completion of the
work shall be disposed of from site and the work shall be left in a neat and tidy condition.

9.19 MAINTENANCE
Road pavements shall be maintained by the Applicant during the Maintenance Period.

10 SUPPLY AND LAYING OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE (AC)
10.1 DESCRIPTION
This Specification provides for the Supply and Spreading of Asphaltic Concrete on Pavements for
the areas, depths and nominal mix sizes indicated in the Documents.
10.2 MINERAL AGGREGATES
Aggregates shall comply with the requirements of AS 2758.5 and RTA QA Specification R116.
10.3 MINERAL FILLER
The mineral filler shall comply with AS 2357-1980 Mineral Fillers for Asphalt.
10.4 BINDER
The binder shall be bitumen complying with the requirements of AS 2008-1980 Residual Bitumen
for Pavements. The bitumen shall be of Class 170 or 320 specified in the pavement design
submitted by the applicant.
10.5 ADDITIVES
Polymer modified binder shall comply with the Austroads Specification Framework for Polymer
Modified Binders (APRG Report No. 19).
The type and proportion of additives to be used in the mix, other than those specified elsewhere in
this Specification, shall be in accordance with an approved specification. An approved
specification may be a manufacturer’s recommendation, purchaser’s specification or as agreed
between the parties.
10.6 REJUVENATING AGENT
Rejuvenating agent, if required in mixes incorporating recycled asphalt, shall be a low volatility
oil capable of combining with bitumen to counteract hardening and produce a lower viscosity
grade of binder. Rejuvenating agent shall comply with recognised standards for such materials.
10.7 PROPORTIONING OF MIXES
10.7.1 Each mix shall be designed with bitumen content and aggregate grading
within the general limits of AS 2734.
The properties for voids, stability and flow as determined by Marshall

Compaction shall comply with AS 2734 Table 3.3.

10.7.2 The grading of the mix as produced shall not be varied from the grading of
the mix design by more than the tolerances set out in the following table when
tested in accordance with AS 2891.3.1.
Sieve Size Permissible Variation

by Mass of Total Mix
19.0 mm and Larger ± 10%

4.75 mm and Larger ± 7%
2.36 mm and 1.18 mm ± 5%
600 um and 300 um ± 4%
150 um ± 2.5%
75 um ± 1.5%
The bitumen content of the mix produced shall not be more than 0.3% of that nominated
in the mix design.
10.7.3 Residential Mix
Those streets to be surfaced with a wearing course of asphaltic concrete and which have
design ESA’s of less than 5x105 AND less than 100 commercial vehicles per day shall
have a wearing course of a residential mix AC10 of 2 x 25mm thickness (total = 50mm),
that complies with the following mix properties in Table 10.1.

AGGREGATE GRADING:
TABLE 10.1 MIX PROPERTIES

Grading Type % passing AS sieve Dense Gap
Graded Graded
AC 10 AC 10
13.2mm 100 100
9.5mm 95 - 100 90 - 100
6.7mm 80 - 95 65 - 85
4.75mm 65 - 80 60 - 80
2.36mm 45 - 60 55 - 75
1.18mm 35 - 50 45 - 65
600µm 25 - 40 30 - 50
300µm 15 - 25 20 - 30
150µm 7 - 15 10 - 18
75µm 3 - 10 5 - 11
BITUMEN CONTENT
Bitumen content expressed as a percentage of the 6.0 - 7.0 5.8 - 6.8
total mix by mass
AIR VOIDS:
Percentage air voids in the compacted mix as 3.0 - 5.0 3.0 - 5.0
tested by the Marshall method (at 35 blows)
STABILITY:
Minimum stability of the compacted mix as 4.0 4.0

tested by the Marshall method (at 35 blows), kN
FLOW:
Flow of compacted mix (35 blow Marshall), 2-5 2-5

mm
LAYER THICKNESS:
Optimum range of compacted layer thickness, 25 - 40 25 - 40

mm

10.8 MIXING PROCEDURE
10.8.1 General
Mixing shall be undertaken in an approved batch pugmill, continuous pugmill or drum

mixing plant, capable of uniformly mixing coarse and fine aggregate, filler and binder to
meet the specified requirements at all times.
10.8.2 Temperatures
Thermometer elements of a suitable type, shall be placed in the flow of materials, and
shall be accurate within plus or minus 2%.
Bitumen shall be at a temperature not exceeding 1650C when introduced to the mix.
Aggregates shall be heated to such a temperature that, when filler and binder are added,
the temperature of the mixed asphaltic concrete shall not exceed 1650C.
The mix shall leave the pugmill, drum and/or the hot storage bin(s) at a temperature
between 1400C and 1650C but in no circumstances shall the temperature of the mix at the
time of laying be less than the minimum value specified in Table 10.1 for the appropriate
road surface temperature and layer thickness.
10.8.3 Mixing Time
Mixing time shall be such that all particles of mineral aggregate are uniformly coated with
binder.
10.8.4 Testing and Acceptance of Mix
Council reserves the right to test the mix at any time to determine its compliance with the
Specification. The Applicant shall be responsible for taking the samples and shall supply
all facilities, equipment and labour for that purpose. The samples shall be taken by the
Applicant's representative at the point of production, along with control samples. The
Council will arrange for the testing of the samples, and the results shall be made available
to the Applicant in due time.
Control testing carried out by a NATA registered laboratory shall be considered as

acceptance testing.
10.9 TRANSPORT
The asphaltic concrete shall be transported by trucks, the bodies of which shall be kept thoroughly
cleaned and coated with a thin film of a suitable release agent to prevent mix sticking to the truck
body.

During transport the asphaltic concrete shall be covered with a canvas or other suitable cover
which is held down.
Delivery of the mix shall be at a uniform rate within the capacity of the spreading and compacting
equipment. Transport shall be as expeditious as possible to minimise cooling of the asphaltic
concrete.
The mass of all truck-loads of mix shall be measured on a weighbridge certified by the
Department of Consumer Affairs.
10.10 PREPARATION OF PAVEMENT
The pavement shall be dry and free from surface water and shall be thoroughly broomed
immediately prior to commencement. Existing bituminous surfaced pavements shall be groomed
by mechanical means to remove all foreign matter. Any areas significantly affected by oil
contamination shall be cleaned with a suitable cleaning agent.
Under no circumstances shall swept or waste material be placed on the footway or verge at any
time.
Any correction course shall be laid and compacted in accordance with Sections 10.12 and 10.13 to
the general level of the existing surface.
10.11 TACK COAT
The whole of the area to be sheeted shall be lightly and evenly coated with rapid setting bitumen
emulsion (cationic) by mechanical applicator. Unless otherwise approved by Council, such work
shall meet the requirements of current RTA Form 305, "Specification for Supply and Delivery of
Bitumen Emulsion". The application rate of residual bitumen shall be 0.15 to 0.30 litres per
square metre. For bitumen emulsion complying with current RTA Form 305, the application rate
of undiluted bitumen emulsion shall be between 0.25 and 0.50 litres per square metre. If the
bitumen emulsion is diluted, the application rate shall be adjusted to obtain the undiluted rate.
The tack coat shall be allowed to "break" (water separating from the bitumen) and resist picking
up by tyres before the asphaltic concrete is laid. Any over application shall be removed or
dispersed by brushing.
All surfaces to be in contact with AC shall be sprayed with a thin uniform application of tack coat.
Care shall be taken to ensure that the tack coat is not oversprayed, sprayed, or allowed to coat any
other surfaces adjacent to the pavement. Any material so sprayed shall be removed or cleaned to
the satisfaction of Council. The Applicant shall be held responsible for any damage to adjacent
property, vehicles or persons sprayed with tack coating material.

10.12 SPREADING
10.12.1 Paver
Spreading shall be by an approved self propelled paving machine, having an effective

spreading capacity of not less than 50 tonnes of mix per hour and shall be capable of
laying the asphaltic concrete to a true and even finish.
10.12.2 Paving Procedures
Before commencing paving operations the work shall be set out with the order of runs,
position of joints and levels clearly defined.
The paver shall operate at a uniform speed and its output shall match the rate of delivery
of asphaltic concrete such that, as far as practicable, continuous spreading of the mix is
achieved.
Unless otherwise approved by Council, asphaltic concrete shall not be spread by hand
behind the paver. Workmen shall not stand or walk on hot asphaltic concrete except
where necessary for correction of the surface.
Council may approve spreading asphaltic concrete by hand for the correction of minor
irregularities and in areas inaccessible to mechanical pavers. Asphaltic concrete, so
placed, shall be spread so as to produce a smooth even surface with uniform density to the
correct level.
10.12.3 Laying Temperature
The temperature of asphaltic concrete at the time of laying shall be as shown in table 10.1:
TABLE 10.1
MIX LAYING TEMPERATURE
Road Surface Mix Temperatures 0C

Temperature Layer Layer Layer Layer
in Shade 0C Thickness Thickness Thickness Thickness
Less than 30mm to 45mm to over 100mm
30mm 40mm 100mm
5 - 10 Not permitted Not permitted 145* 130 - 155
10 - 15 150* 145* 140* 125 - 150
15 - 25 145* 140* 135* 120 - 145
Over 25 140* 135* 130* 115 - 140
* Minimum laying temperature.

Under no circumstances will AC be allowed to be laid where the pavement temperature is

less than 5ºC or when the surface of the road is wet. Where in the opinion of Council the
spreading and compaction of the mix will be adversely affected by the prevailing weather
conditions, AC will not be permitted to be laid.
Council may reject any part of any truck load which contains lumps of cooled asphaltic
concrete which are liable to affect the quality of the finished surface.
The temperature of the mix shall be measured in the truck just prior to discharging into the
power hopper. A suitable type thermometer readable and accurate to within 20C with a
range from at least 00C to 2000C shall be used. The temperature shall be measured at a
minimum depth of 200mm and at a location of a minimum of 300mm from the side of the
truck body. An average of at least two readings shall be adopted as a temperature of the
mix.
10.12.4 Layer Thickness and Level
The minimum compacted thickness of the mix shall be 2.5 times the aggregate size and a
maximum of 4 times the aggregate size. The first layer of asphalt (which shall be laid by
the applicant) shall be finished true to line and level and flush with the lip of the gutter on
both sides for the full length of the works.
10.13 JOINTS
Work shall be so arranged that the number of joints, both longitudinal and transverse be kept to a
minimum and the daily laying pattern shall be subject to approval by Council before work
commences.
The density and surface finish at joints shall be similar to those of the remainder of the layer.
10.13.1 Longitudinal Joints
Care shall be taken to provide positive bond between adjoining runs.
Longitudinal joints shall be continuous and parallel. They shall coincide within 150mm
with lines of change of crossfall where such occur. Joints in successive layers shall be
offset by at least 150mm.
Hot joints shall be constructed by leaving an uncompacted strip approximately 150mm

wide along the edge of the first run, and after the adjoining run has been spread, both sides
of the joint shall be rolled simultaneously.

In the case of cold longitudinal joints, the edge of the first run shall be butted and slightly
elevated while hot using hand lutes. If the edge is left exposed overnight or longer,
Council may direct that the edge be trimmed to a straight vertical face and lightly coated
with tack coat material by brushing. The adjoining run shall be placed against the
prepared edge with an overlap of 25mm to 50mm. The overlap shall be pushed back using
lutes, immediately after placing, to form a slight ridge along the joint which the roller shall
compress adjacent to the edge of the previously placed run. Any excess, overlapping or
segregated material shall be discarded.
The compaction of the mix at a longitudinal joint shall be carried out immediately behind
the paver using either a static steel wheeled roller or a vibratory steel wheeled roller
operated in a static mode.
When thin layers are to be compacted, Council may allow the use of a vibratory steel
wheeled roller operated in the vibratory mode. In this instance, the first forward and
reverse pass shall be made with the roller travelling on the hot lane and with a 150mm
overlap on the cold lane.
Rolling shall continue until the joint is smooth and dense.
10.13.2 Transverse Joints
When the end of the spread material has cooled due to disruption of the work, or when
resuming work on the next day, a transverse joint shall be formed.
Transverse joints shall be at right angles to the direction of paving. They shall be
staggered by at least one metre between successive layers and between adjacent runs.
Runs shall be ended either against a timber bulkhead to ensure a straight vertical, well
compacted edge or by feathering out and compacting. In the latter case, the feathered
material shall be cut back to a line where the full thickness exists. The surface shape of
the end of the run shall be checked by a straight edge to locate the line of cut.
The end of the previous run shall be lightly tack coated before the paving of the next run
proceeds.
The joint shall be rolled with a steel roller transversely for several passes, with the roller
projecting about 150mm further onto the fresh mix in each pass. If a vibratory roller is
used, it shall be operated in the static mode.
Boards shall be used for off pavement movement of the roller to prevent rounding the
edge of the mat. The joint shall then be rolled longitudinally.
When the asphaltic concrete layer is required to join and match the level of an existing
pavement surface, sufficient of the existing material shall be removed to achieve the
minimum specified layer thickness.

10.14 COMPACTION
10.14.1 Plant and Equipment
Compaction equipment shall be self-propelled and shall include any of the following types
of equipment and various combinations of these types:
10.14.1.1 Static steel rollers shall have a mass not less than 8 tonnes and a drum loading
not less than 35kN per metre width of drum. Tandem rollers are preferred but
three wheeled rollers may be used.
10.14.1.2 Vibratory rollers shall have a mass of not less than 6 tonnes and a drum
loading not less than 20kN per metre width of drum. Tandem, articulated
rollers with vibration on both drums are preferred. They should be capable of
vibration frequencies between 30Hz and 50Hz and amplitudes between
0.4mm and 1.0mm. They shall have provision for the vibration to be cut off
when the roller is coming to a halt or changing direction.
10.14.1.3 Pneumatic rollers shall have a mass of ten (10) tonnes to twenty (20) tonnes
ballasted and tyre inflation pressures variable up to 700kPa. Numbers of
wheels may vary from seven to eleven. The tyres shall have wide, flat smooth
rolling surfaces.
For compaction in confined areas or patching works a small vibrating roller,

or hand operated vibrating compactor acceptable to Council, shall be used.
10.14.2 Compaction Procedures
Rollers shall travel at a uniform speed not exceeding 5km/h for steel rollers and 10km/h
for vibratory steel and pneumatic tyred rollers. They shall not remain stationary on
recently compacted mix.
Lateral changes in the direction of rolling shall be made on previously compacted mix.
Vibrating rollers shall not be stopped or reversed while in the vibrating mode.
Vibratory steel rollers shall not be permitted to travel when operating in the vibratory
mode on cement concrete or previously compacted asphaltic concrete.
Compaction shall be considered in three stages, initial, secondary and final rolling:
10.14.2.1 Initial rolling
Initial rolling shall be carried out using steel rollers. Vibratory steel rollers may be used,
but they shall be operated in the static mode for the initial passes. On deep lift asphaltic
concrete, pneumatic tyred rollers may be used. When compacting thin layers, Council
may permit vibratory steel rollers to be operated initially in the vibratory mode.

Initial rolling shall commence as soon as possible after laying has commenced. Rollers
shall be operated as close as possible to the paver, with their driving wheels closest to the
paver.
The transverse and longitudinal joints and edges shall be compacted first as specified in
Section 10.13. Rolling shall then proceed longitudinally with the roller moving parallel to
the run and reversing along the same track.
The roller shall gradually progress from the lower to the higher edge of the new mat. Each
tract shall overlap the preceding one by about 150mm and shall terminate beyond the end
of the preceding track by at least one metre.
Initial rolling shall be completed before the mix temperature falls below 1050C.
10.14.2.2 Secondary Rolling
Secondary rolling shall immediately follow initial rolling. Either vibratory steel rollers,
static steel rollers or pneumatic tyred rollers shall be used. The tyre pressures of
pneumatic tyred rollers shall be between 500kPa and 600kPa. Rolling shall commence at
the longitudinal joint side of the run, with the roller reversing along the same track on
each pass and shifting across the run in full roller widths to the opposite side.
Secondary rolling shall be completed before the mix temperature falls below 800C.
10.14.2.3 Final Rolling
Final rolling shall be carried out by a pneumatic tyred roller with tyre pressures between
600kPa and 700kPa to eliminate all roller marks and to produce a uniform finish. If any
tyre marks exist after final rolling, Council may direct that they be removed with a steel
roller operated in a static mode.
If secondary rolling has been carried out with a pneumatic tyred roller, a steel roller may
be used for final rolling.
Final rolling shall be completed before the mix temperature falls below 600C.
10.14.2.4 Compaction Requirement
The minimum Characteristic Value of Relative Compaction of a sample core when tested
in accordance with the RTA Form 612 shall be 95% for a layer of thickness less than
50mm or 96% for a layer of thickness of 50mm or greater.
Mix with an actual Characteristic Value of Relative Compaction of less than 90% shall be
removed from the site. (RTA Form 612, Table 11 refers).

10.15 FINISHED PAVEMENT PROPERTIES
The finished surfaces shall be smooth, dense and true to shape, in accordance with Section 1.7.5
of the General Specifications. Sufficient measurements of thickness shall be taken before and
after compacting to establish the relationship between the thickness of the uncompacted material
and the completed work. Irregularities exceeding the tolerances given above shall be corrected
before a subsequent course is placed.
Notwithstanding the foregoing tolerance the Applicant shall remain responsible for laying the
minimum specified layer thickness of asphaltic concrete on all areas of the pavement.
10.16 WEIGHBRIDGE DOCKETS
The Applicant shall provide Council with numbered, dated weighbridge dockets in accordance
with the weighing of truck loads specified in Section 10.9 of this Specification. All dockets shall
bear the supplier's letterhead or identifying mark.
10.17 PROVISION FOR TRAFFIC
All necessary signs, barriers, etc., required for the control and protection of traffic shall be
provided by the Applicant in accordance with AS 1742.3-2002. Special care shall be taken to
ensure that vehicles and pedestrians are not sprayed with bitumen emulsion during tack-coating,
and that entry to areas treated with tack coat or hot asphaltic concrete is prevented.
10.18 CLEANING OF GUTTERS AND GULLY PITS
All gutters and gully pits located within the boundaries of the work shall be cleaned and kept
cleaned and kept clean during the period of contract, of all silt, debris, rubbish and surplus
aggregate arising out of the execution of the works of the contract.
10.19 MAINTENANCE
Road pavements will be maintained by the Applicant during the maintenance period.

11 CONCRETE AND CLAY SEGMENTAL PAVERS
11.1 DESCRIPTION
Paving units shall be provided to areas shown on the documents, true to all grades, levels, curves
etc. as required, and laid to give a uniform and regular pattern and shall conform to AS/NZ 4456.1
to 10 and Council’s Specification “For the Selection of Clay & Concrete Pavers for Use in Public
Areas” see Section 11.8.
11.2 PAVING UNITS
11.2.1 Roads and Driveways
Unless otherwise approved by Council’s Engineer, paving units for driveways and road
carriageways shall be Shape Type A concrete units complying with Council’s
Specification “For the Selection of Clay and Concrete Pavers for Use in Public Areas”
(see Section 11.8).
11.2.2 Footways
Paving units for use in footway areas shall comply with Council’s Specification “For the
Selection of Clay and Concrete Pavers for Use in Public Areas” (see Section 11.8).
11.3 SUBGRADE
The subgrade shall be formed at the required depth, in accordance with the dimensions and design
shown on the Drawings, and in general shall be cut from the solid. However, when over cut it
may be built up to the correct level by the addition of material approved by Council. All
subgrades shall be thoroughly compacted to the requirements of Section 5.11 of the Specification
for Formation and finished to a firm, smooth surface of uniform bearing value.
Pavement construction shall not proceed until the subgrade has been inspected and approved by
Council.
11.4 BASE COURSE FOR ROADS, DRIVEWAYS, PEDESTRIAN PLAZAS

AND COMMUNITY TITLE ROADS
The base course shall consist of concrete of a strength of 20 MPa, 150mm thickness and
reinforced with a layer of F82 Fabric having 35mm top cover laid on a 100mm minimum
thickness of sand stone sub-base course, unless otherwise approved or specified by Council’s
Engineer.

The base course and sub-base course shall extend to the rear face of all edge restraints, unless
otherwise specified, and shall be inspected and approved by Council prior to commencing the
placement of the sand bedding course and the laying of units.
Control joints shall be constructed at 20m maximum intervals. These joints shall be dowelled and
have an approved expansion material separating the slabs.
11.5 EDGE RESTRAINTS
Concrete kerbs and gutters, kerbs and edge strips shall be constructed to the details shown on the
Documents and to the requirements of the Standard Drawing A(BS)112M.
After compaction of the paving units, their upper surface shall finish flush.
11.6 BEDDING SAND
11.6.1 Material
Bedding sand shall be well graded non-cohesive sand passing a 4.75mm sieve and
confirming to the following grading limits:
Sieve size: 9.52mm 4.75mm 2.36mm 1.18mm 600um 300 um 50 um 75um
% Passing: 100 95 – 100 80 – 100 50 – 85 25 – 60 10 – 30 5–1 0 - 10
The bedding sand shall be fee of deleterious soluble salts or other contaminants likely to
cause efflorescence or otherwise leading to reduced skid resistance.
11.6.2 Moisture Content
The sand shall be of uniform moisture content when spread and shall be protected from
rain when stockpiled on site prior to spreading.
11.6.3 Spreading
The bedding shall be spread and screeded to the design profile and levels plus the
necessary surcharge to achieve a minimum uniform 25mm thick layer following final
compaction of the pavement. The maximum thickness of sand shall not exceed 50mm.

11.7 PLACEMENT OF PAVING UNITS IN ROADS AND FOOTWAYS
11.7.1 Placement of Paving Units in Roads
Paving units shall be placed on the screeded sand bed in the predetermined laying pattern,
care being taken to maintain the specified pattern throughout the job. Paving units shall be
placed to achieve nominal 2 to 4mm (max) wide gaps between adjacent units to correctly
align all joints.
The initial row shall abut an edge restraint and shall be laid at the required angle to
achieve the visual orientation of paving units in the completed pavement. (See standard
drawings A(BS)112M).
In each row all full units shall be laid first. Closure units shall be cut and fitted
subsequently. Units shall be cut by power sawing.
To infill spaces between 25 and 50mm wide a concrete having a 1:2:4

(cement:sand:coarse aggregate) mix and having a colour similar to the paving units may
be used. The nominal aggregate size should not exceed one third the smallest dimension
of the infill space. For smaller spaces dry packed mortar may be used.
Except where it is necessary to correct any minor variations occurring in the laying bond
the paving units shall not be hammered into position. Where adjustment of position is
necessary care shall be taken to avoid premature compaction of the sand bedding.
Any foot or barrow traffic shall use boards overlaying paving to prevent disturbance of
units prior to mechanical compaction. No other construction traffic shall be allowed on
the pavement during the construction process.
Paving units shall be laid in a herringbone pattern unless otherwise specified or directed
and to design levels and grades.
As soon as practical after compaction, and prior to the termination of the work on that day
and prior to the acceptance of construction traffic, sand for joint filling shall be spread
over the pavement. The sand shall pass a 1.18mm sieve and have some 10% of silty
material but be free of all soluble salts or contaminants likely to cause efflorescence or
staining.
The filling sand shall be broomed to fill the joints. At least one pass of the plate vibrator
is required to achieve compaction of joint filling sand.

As soon as possible after the filling of joints, construction traffic shall be encouraged to
use the pavement to assist in the development of 'lock up'. Such traffic shall traverse the
greatest possible area of the pavement.
Council may direct that, where a pavement is not to be subject to traffic loads for some
time after completion, the Applicant maintain a sand surcharge over the pavement to
inhibit moisture ingress.
Excess surface sand shall be removed by brooming at the end of the Defects and Liability
Period unless otherwise directed by Council.
11.7.2 Placement of Paving Units in Residential Crossing
Paving units shall be placed in accordance with Council’s “Residential Vehicle Crossings”
Specification or as otherwise directed by Council’s Engineer.
11.7.3 Damaged Units
Any units which are structurally damaged during compaction or which are otherwise
damaged on the wearing surface or edges shall be removed and replaced with undamaged
units.
11.7.4 Laying of Paving Units in Footways
The subgrade where paving unit shall be laid shall be prepared to grades and cross-fall
indicated on the documents.
A layer of 75mm thick concrete of a strength of 20 MPa shall be placed upon this prepared
subgrade.
A layer of fine, non-adhesive sand, 25 - 50mm thick when screeded, shall be placed on the
concrete base, screeded and trimmed to level and grade.
Pavers shall then be laid in herringbone pattern, in accordance with Section 11.7.1 in this
Specification.
Damaged units shall be taken up and replaced with new units.
11.7.5 Maintenance
All pavements shall be maintained by the Applicant during the Maintenance Period.

11.8 SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE SELECTION OF CLAY

AND CONCRETE PAVERS FOR USE IN PUBLIC AREAS
11.8.1 General
This Specification covers the criteria to be applied when selecting either clay or concrete
pavers for use within the Council controlled areas of Blacktown City Council.
11.8.2 Dimensions
All pavers to have a minimum width to length ratio of 0.45 when actual dimensions are
measured in accordance with AS/NZS 4455-1997 and shall not exceed the following
tolerances:
± 40mm on the length of 20 pavers

± 40mm on the width of 20 pavers
± 40mm on the depth of 20 pavers
11.8.3 Shape
11.8.3.1 Footpaths
Pavers to be laid in areas trafficked by pedestrians or motorised scooters may be any

regular shape such as square, rectangular or hexagonal. Other shapes will only be
considered after submission of an application in writing (with a representative sample) to
the Manager Maintenance Services who will determine whether to grant or refuse
permission for their use.
11.8.3.2 Roadways
Pavers to be laid in areas trafficked by any class of vehicular traffic shall be any regular
shape designed to interlock with adjoining pavers and resist movement in both a
transverse and longitudinal direction, and subject to the prior approval, obtained in
writing, of the Manager Maintenance Services.
11.8.4 Edge Treatment
The edges to the wearing course shall be rounded or chamfered to a radius not exceeding
5mm.

11.8.5 Wearing Surface
Pavers shall have re-rolled finish rather than a wirecut finish. All wearing surfaces shall
be smooth non slip, with no sharp projections.
11.8.6 Colour
The colour shall be similar to that of the existing pavers in Blacktown's Central Business
District (Blacktown Main Street). A representative sample of any new coloured pavers
shall be submitted to the Manager Maintenance Services for approval. No pavers shall be
laid within the Blacktown City Council area without such approval being sought and
obtained prior to laying. Where an existing paver colour has previously been used within
the Blacktown City Council area, a representative colour sample need not be submitted,
although approval must still be sought (quoting the location of the existing pavers) from
the Manager Maintenance Services before its continued use.
11.8.7 Characteristic Requirements
All pavers shall meet the characteristics set out in the following table when tested in
accordance with the Australian Standard specified in Table 11.1 below.
TABLE 11.1
CHARACTERISTICS AUSTRALIAN STANDARD MINIMUM MAXIMUM
Abrasion resistance AS/NZS 4456.9-1997 - 3.5cm3
Compressive strength AS/NZS 4456.4-1997 45mpa -
(concrete)
Characteristic breaking AS/NZS 4456.5-1997 5kN -
load
(clay pavers)
Cold water absorption AS/NZS 4456.14-1997 - 8.0%
Efflorescence AS/NZS 4456.6-1997 - Nil
Lime pitting AS/NZS 4456.13-1997 - Nil
Co-efficient of friction AS/NZS 4586-1999 Class W -
AS/NZS 3661-1993 45 - 54 BPN
Transverse breaking load AS/NZS 4456.5-1997 5.0kN -
11.8.8 Compliance
All suppliers wishing to have their pavers pre-approved for use within Blacktown City
Council will need to apply in writing to the Manager Maintenance Services for such
approval. All such applications must be accompanied by a Certificate of Compliance from
a NATA registered laboratory stating that all of the above requirements have been tested
and have been found to comply with this specification. In addition, details of the
supplier's manufacturing quality Assurance Accreditation must be supplied.

12 STREET FURNITURE
12.1 STREET NAME SIGNS
12.1.1 General
Street name signs shall be supplied and erected in accordance with Council's standard
specification and Drawing No. A(BS)113M "Standard Street Signs and Posts". Reference
should also be made to the current version of Australian Standard, AS 1906.1.
12.2 POSTS
12.2.1 Posts shall consist of steel pipe to AS 1074-1989 with a standard galvanised
steel finish or other such finish as may be approved by Council’s
Maintenance Services Section.
12.2.2 The posts shall be sunk into the ground to a minimum depth of 600mm below
the existing finished surface. The excavation around the post shall be
rammed and back filled with lean-mix concrete (proportions 1 part cement to
20 parts aggregate, by volume) to within 100mm of the finished ground
surface. If located in the verge, the remaining 100mm shall be backfilled and
rammed with top soil or selected excavated material free from rocks, etc. The
surface shall be levelled and neatly trimmed.
Where approved by Council’s Engineer, signs may be erected using inserts

and wedges in accordance with the suppliers installation procedures.
12.3 FIXING OF PLATES
12.3.1 The sign plates shall be fixed at right angles to the post by galvanised mild
steel brackets or cast aluminium brackets, and secured to the post by an
adequate number of galvanised nuts and bolts.
12.3.2 The top of the sign plate shall be at least 5mm clear from the top of the post
(excluding cap), unless centrally mounted on a single post in accordance with
Section 10.2.2 of this Specification.
12.3.3 The underside of the sign shall be 2400mm from top of kerb or finished
surface.

12.4 GUIDE POSTS
12.4.1 Guide Posts shall be erected at the ends of construction or where directed by
Council. The guide posts shall consist of approved timber D.A.R. (or
approved equivalent) 100mm x 50mm and 1.5 metres long, set vertically in
the ground approximately 500mm deep. A uniform display of posts to a
height of approximately 1 metre shall be provided with the tops boned in to
compensate for irregularities in the shoulder contour.
12.4.2 All timber above ground shall receive one (1) undercoat and two (2) coats of
approved white paint. The portion of post below ground level shall be
creosote treated.
12.4.3 The earth backfilled around the post shall be well and solidly rammed in
layers of not more than 150mm for the full depth and to ground level.
12.4.4 Each guide post shall be provided with retro-reflective delineators 50mm x
50mm, red being used on the left hand side and white on the right hand side
as viewed by the approaching driver and red only at termination of roads.
12.5 SERVICE CONDUITS SIGNS
Where required by Council’s Engineer existence of conduits in a road shall be indicated by a sign
600mm x 600mm bearing the words:
"Service Conduits Laid. Opening of Road Surface Prohibited."
in red lettering at least 50mm high on a white background. The signs shall be located
where directed by Council.

13 GRASSING
13.1 DESCRIPTION
This Specification provides for the preparation, fertilising, sowing, turfing, watering, mowing and
generally caring for grasses on defined areas so as to provide a dense uniform distribution of the
various varieties of grasses specified.
13.2 PREPARATION
Areas to be grassed shall be ripped along the contour to a depth of 200mm prior to topsoiling to
provide a key for the topsoil and improve infiltration of water. Following ripping, the areas shall
be topsoiled in accordance with Section 5 Earthworks and Formation, Section 5.14.
If considered necessary the area to be grassed shall be rotary hoed along the contour to a depth not
exceeding that of the topsoil and generally to a depth of 100mm.
On steep slopes and on areas of high erosion hazard a rough surface shall be developed. A fine
tilth shall be acceptable only on areas of low slope.
Light grading to effect the required surface profile may also be necessary and shall be carried out
if so directed.
The topsoil of areas to be grassed by turfing shall be compacted with a light roller.
Trees existing on the site shall not be disturbed other than by being trimmed or lopped as directed.
13.3 GRASSING BY SEEDING
13.3.1 Grass Seed
The seed used shall be of the best quality available, shall have good germination
characteristics and be true to variety. The seed shall be obtained from reputable suppliers
and the Applicant shall produce evidence that he has complied with these requirements.
Until used, seed shall be stored off the ground in a cool, dry place and shall not be stored
any longer on site than necessary.
13.3.2 Seed mixture for reserves, footways and embankments, earth drainage
channels and where otherwise directed.
13.3.2.1 Autumn/Winter Mix
Rye Corn or Oats 15kg/ha

Wimmera Ryegrass 10kg/ha
White Clover 5kg/ha
Red Clover 5kg/ha

Couch Unhulled 5kg/ha
13.3.2.2 Spring/Summer Mix
Japanese Millet 24kg/ha

Wimmera Ryegrass 8kg/ha
Red Clover 5kg/ha
White Clover 5kg/ha
Couch Unhulled 5kg/ha
Couch Hulled 4kg/ha
13.4 FERTILISERS
The fertiliser shall be an approved Nitrogen, Phosphate Potassium(k) starter fertiliser.
Unless otherwise specified, fertiliser shall be spread at the rate of 200kg/ha for footways,
embankments and reserves and 250kg/ha for drainage channels.
Where clay panning is evident or where hard packing river loams are used, Council may direct
that Gypsum be spread at the rate of 200-500kg/ha.
13.5 SOWING
When the area to be sown has been suitably prepared the seed mixture shall be uniformly
distributed at the prescribed rate and by approved method. Unless otherwise specified, the
prescribed quantity of fertiliser shall be distributed at the same time.
The area sown shall be watered at regular intervals to produce a dense grass which shall be
maintained during the Defects Liability/Maintenance Period.
Sowing shall be carried out by the method indicated on the Documents or otherwise specified.
13.6 HYDROSEEDING
When grassing is to be carried out by hydroseeding, a hydromulching machine approved by

Council shall be used to mix and spray a slurry of seed mixture, fertiliser, mulch and water onto
the area to be grassed. Sufficient mulch material shall be contained in the slurry to carry and stick
the seed mixture and fertiliser to the prepared surface.
The mulch shall be wood pulp unless otherwise specified or approved by Council.
13.7 GRASSING BY TURFING
13.7.1 Fertiliser
When the area has been prepared the whole area shall be watered and fertilised at the rate
of 200kg per hectare spread evenly over the surface, lightly raked and re-watered. This
application shall take place two (2) to three (3) weeks after laying of turf.

13.7.2 Supply and Planting of Sods
The sods shall be of couch grass unless otherwise specified and/or approved. They shall
show healthy growth and to be of even thickness when delivered to site. The area from
which the supply of grass is to be obtained shall be mowed before the sods are cut.
The placing of the sods shall be commenced immediately the soil has been watered and
fertilised.
On completion of the laying of the sods, they shall be compacted by watering and rolling
with a 90kg/per m. with a roller. Each sod shall be butted against the previous sod leaving
no gaps after laying.
Immediately after the sods have been rolled, approved topsoil shall be spread to a depth of
10mm over the whole area and thoroughly watered.
13.8 CARE OF GRASSED AREAS
The sown and turfed areas shall be regularly maintained with the moisture content of the ground
at a level sufficient to allow, where applicable, proper germination of the seeds and roots.
This regular care, by the Applicant, shall be continued throughout the currency of the Defects
Liability/Maintenance Period.
Two (2) months after the sowing of the grass seeds and three to four weeks after laying turf, an
application of Sulphate of Ammonia at the rate of 250kg per hectare shall be applied and well
watered.
Council may direct to defer this second application of fertiliser to a later date if Council is of the
opinion that the grass growth would benefit by such deferment.
13.9 MOWING
From time to time during the currency of the Defects and Liability Period the grassed area shall be
mowed with an approved power grass mower. The height of cut shall be nominated by Council.
If Council so directs, the Applicant shall mow the grass within 72 hours of being so directed.
13.10 ESTABLISHMENT
A uniformly distributed dense grass cover of the specified varieties of grass shall be established
over the whole of the area to eliminate wind and water erosion of the surface.
All steps necessary to establish a dense grass cover shall be taken.

13.11 MAINTENANCE
The Applicant shall maintain the grass cover for the time of the Maintenance Period.
If necessary, during the Defects Liability/Maintenance Period the Applicant shall take all action
necessary to re-establish areas of grass damaged or destroyed by adverse weather conditions, fire,
floodwaters, vandalism or any other cause.
The Applicant shall make good any damage that may be caused to any finished surfaces, fences,
or paved areas by his plant or trucks used during the progress of the work.

14 DEFECTS LIABILITY/MAINTENANCE PERIOD
14.1 DESCRIPTION
The Maintenance Period shall have a duration of 12 months.
At any time during the Maintenance Period, Council may direct the Developer to rectify any
defects which become evident within the constructed works.
14.2 SUBDIVISIONS
The Maintenance Period shall commence from the date of release of the plan of subdivision.
Prior to the release of the plan of subdivision a maintenance bond in the form of a bank guarantee
or cash security representing 5% of the total cost of the subdivision works, with a minimum
amount of $5,000, is to be lodged with Council.
14.3 ALL OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
The Maintenance Period shall commence from the date of the final clearance by the Council's
Engineer.
A maintenance bond shall be assessed and lodged with Council prior to the final clearance.

15 STANDARD DRAWINGS
A(BS)101M Standard Kerbs and Gutters
A(BS)102S Standard Residential Footway and Layback Crossing
A(BS)103S Standard Industrial and Commercial Footway Crossing
A(BS)104M Path Paving at Intersections and Kerb Ramp Details
A(BS)105S Standard Pathway Barrier
A(BS)106M Standard Grated Gully Pit
A(BS)107M Standard Junction Pit
A(BS)108M Minor Drainage Collections
A(BS)109M Standard Surface Inlet Pits
A(BS)110S Accessway Detail
A(BS)111 Step Irons
A(BS)112M Typical Arrangement of Threshold Pavements at Intersections
A(BS)113M Standard Street Signs and Posts
A(BS)114S Standard Floodway Warning Signs and Mounting Bracket
A(BS)115M Construction of Traffic "Shake-Down"
A(BS)116S Channel Check Dams and Culvert Inlet Protection
A(BS)117S Sedimentation Basin
A(BS)119S Sediment Traps for Surface Inlet Pits
A(BS)121M Sediment Fence and Filters

A(BS)122S Siltation Traps for Kerb Inlets
A(BS)123M Perimeter and Diversion Banks
A(BS)124M Typical Locations for Signs and Markings Associated with Wombat Crossings
A(BS)125M Standard Indented Bus Bay
A(BS)126S Typical Calming Device for Residential Roads
A(BS)127S Rural Vehicular Crossing
A(BS)128S Specification for Bus Shelter Concrete Base/Apron - with Path Paving
A(BS)129S Specification for Bus Shelter Concrete Base/Apron - without Path Paving
A(BS)130S Not Required
A(BS)131M Standard Wombat Crossing, All Roads
A(BS)132 Not Required
A(BS)133S Not Required
A(BS)134S Standard Bicycle Path
A(BS)135S Not Allocated
A(BS)136S Typical OSD Discharge Control Pit
A(BS)137S Special Pathway Barrier for Electric Mobility Scooter

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Works Specification

Growing With Pride

CO-ORDINATOR ENGINEERING APPROVALS

Fax registrations can be sent to: (02) 9831 1961

ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005

1. GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF WORKS

2. TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR WORKS IN PUBLIC ROADS

3. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

4. SITE CLEARING AND/OR GRUBBING

5. EARTHWORKS AND FORMATION

8. FLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENTS

9. SPRAYED BITUMINOUS SURFACING

10. SUPPLY AND LAYING OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE

11. CONCRETE AND SEGMENTAL PAVEMENTS

12. STREET FURNITURE

14. DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD

15. STANDARD DRAWINGS

ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005

GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................... viii

1 GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF WORKS

1.1 General ........................................................................................................ 1 - 1

2 TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR WORKS IN PUBLIC ROADS

2.1 Description .................................................................................................. 2 - 1

3 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL

3.1 Description .................................................................................................. 3 - 1

4 SITE CLEARING AND/OR GRUBBING

4.1 Description .................................................................................................. 4 - 1

ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 -i-

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

4.4 Trees to be Retained .................................................................................... 4 - 1

5 EARTHWORKS AND FORMATION

5.1 Description .................................................................................................. 5 - 1

6.1 Description .................................................................................................. 6 - 1

ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - ii -

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

7.1 Description .................................................................................................. 7 - 1

8 FLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENTS

8.1 Description .................................................................................................. 8 - 1

ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - iii -

Contents Page No.

9 SPRAYED BITUMINOUS SURFACING

9.1 Description .................................................................................................. 9 - 1

10 SUPPLY AND LAYING OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE

10.1 Description .................................................................................................. 10 - 1

ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 - iv -

Contents Page No.

11 CONCRETE AND CLAY SEGMENTAL PAVEMENTS

11.1 Description .................................................................................................. 11 - 1

12.1 Street Name Signs ....................................................................................... 12 - 1

13.1 Description .................................................................................................. 13 - 1

14 DEFECTS LIABILITY/MAINTENANCE PERIOD

14.1 Description .................................................................................................. 14 - 1

ENGSPEC Revision 1 - February 2005 -v-

A(BS)101M Standard Kerbs and Gutters

A(BS)102S Standard Residential Footway and Layback Crossing

A(BS)103S Standard Industrial and Commercial Footway Crossing

A(BS)104M Path Paving at Intersections and Kerb Ramp Details

A(BS)105S Standard Pathway Barrier

A(BS)106M Standard Grated Gully Pit