Scribd
Upload
80 views7 pages

AKSHATHA T R Dcassignment2

This document contains the answers to various questions about data communication and the TCP/IP protocol suite. It includes explanations of packet transmission between hosts using different layers of the TCP/IP model. Sample questions addressed include defining the layers involved in transmitting data from one host to another, identifying which layers would need to change if the LAN technology is updated, and drawing diagrams to illustrate the flow of data between hosts on different coasts.

Uploaded by

Jagadamba Suresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
80 views7 pages

AKSHATHA T R Dcassignment2

This document contains the answers to various questions about data communication and the TCP/IP protocol suite. It includes explanations of packet transmission between hosts using different layers of the TCP/IP model. Sample questions addressed include defining the layers involved in transmitting data from one host to another, identifying which layers would need to change if the LAN technology is updated, and drawing diagrams to illustrate the flow of data between hosts on different coasts.

Uploaded by

Jagadamba Suresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Assignment-2

DATA COMMUNICATION
AKSHATHA T R
1SI14IS004
V SEM
ISE
1.Answer the following questions about fig 2.2 when the
communication is from maria to ann:
ans:
maria's site ,at the layer two the plain text or talk is encrypted and
sent to layer one .at the layer one ,mail is sent to US post .from the
US post the mail will be send to ann.
1.b
ans:
at ann's site :at the layer one ,mail will be recieved from the us
post,and it is been sent to the layer two.
in the layer two the ciphertext or mail will be decrypted.

2.a. Answer the following questions about fig 2.2 when


the communication is from maria to ann:
ans:
at maria's site: she talks at the layer 3,and at the layer 2 the plain
text will be encrypted to ciphertext.
2.b
ans:
at anna's site: at the layer 2 ciphertext send from maria's site will
be decrypted to plain text .and at layer 3 ann will be able to hear.

3. assume that the number of hosts connected to internet


at year 2010 is five hundred million,if the number of hosts
increased only 20pa per year,what is the number of
hosts in 2020?
ans:
given; number of hosts connected at the year 2010=500million
number of hosts increases every year=20%=0.2
to find: what will be the number of hostes at the end of 2020

0.2x 10x500x10^6=10^9 number of host

5.assume we have created a packet switched


internet.using tcp/ip protocoll suit,we need to transfer a
huge file.what are the advantages of sending large
packets?
ans:
ADVANTAGE:
With packet switching, each packet contains destination information, thereby
making it easier to send many messages quickly to various destinations. The delivery
rate of the messages depends on the speed at which the data terminal equipment can
transmit packets. Computers allow dynamic routing at each node.
Packet data has maximum efficiency and throughput because the network always
picks the best possible route for a packet to take at any given time. Additionally, the
network has an inherent intelligence that allows for graceful degradation of the
network if a link or node fails. Although automatic rerouting of packets around a
failed area causes congestion, it does not affect the normal functioning of the overall
system. The network intelligence also identifies and corrects errors, diagnoses faults,
verifies message delivery and checks reverse billing, among other important
functions.

DISADVANTAGE:
An alternate method of delivering data is circuit switching, which requires a point-to-
point and continuous connection between transmission and reception. An example of
circuit switching is the telephone call. Packet switching is cheaper because the user
pays a fee per unit of data while circuit switching is charged by connection time. For
this reason, packet switching is preferred for transmitting data while circuit switching
is the preferred method for voice.
The biggest impediments to packet switching for voice applications are latency
(delay) and poor voice quality, because packets containing voice signals can arrive at
the destination (listener) at various times and out of order. With packet switching,
blocks of data seek the most efficient routes for transmission as circuits become
available, which is economical for transmitting large amounts of data. The Internet is
based on packet switching, but most corporations have a hybrid system employing
both methods of transmission.

6. match the following to one or more of the tcp/ip


protocollsuite:

ans:
a. root determination- network layer
b. collection and transmission medium- physical layer
c.providing services for end users- application layer

7. match the following to one or more of the tcp/ip


protocollsuite:

ans:
a. creating userdata grams- transport layers
b. responsibility of handling frames between adjucent nodes
----data link layer
c. transforming bits to electro magnatic signals--physical layer.

9. assume a private internet uses three different protocols at


the data link layers. redraw fig 2.10 with this assumption. can
we say that ,in the data link layer, we have demultiplexing at
the source node and multiplexing at the destination node?
ans:
the diagram is been rewritten to show the demultiplexing at the
source node and multiplexing and destination node
in data link layer.
a. AT THE SOURCE NODE

FTP FTP DNS SNMP

multiplexing
TCP
UDP

multiplexing/ IP
demultiplexing
L1 L2 L3
b. AT THE DESTINATION NODE

FTP HTTP DNS SNMP

TCP UDP
demultillexing/

IP multiplrxing

L3 multiplexing

L1 L2

11. protocoll layering can be found in many aspects of our lives


such as air travelling. imagine you make a round trip to spend
some time on vactions at a resort.you need to go through
some processes at your airport before flying.you also go
through some processes when you arrive at the resort
airport.show the protocoll layering for the round trip using
some layers such as baggage
checking/claiming,boarding/unboarding, takeoff/landing.
ans:
the following shows the layers.
source/destination source/destination
airport airport
baggage checking/
baggage checking/
claming
claming

boarding/ boarding/

unbording unbording

take off/ take off/

landing landing
flying

12.
the following shows the position layer--

application application
new layer
presentation presentation

transport transport

data link data link

physical physical

13.in an internet,we change the lan technology to a new


one.which layers in the tcp/ip protocoll suite need to be
changed??
ans:
The only two layers that need to be changed are the data-link layer and
the physical layer. The new hardware and software need to be installed in
all host, routers, and link-layer switches. As long as the new data-link
layer can encapsulate and decapsulate datagrams from the network layer,
there is no need to change any protocol in the upper three layers.
14. assume that an application layer protocoll is written to use
the services of UDP.can the application layer protocoll uses the
services of tc without change??
The reason for having several protocols in a layer is to provide different services to
the upper-layer protocols. The services provided by UDP are different from the
services provided by TCP. When we write an application program, we need to first
define which transport-layer protocol is supposed to give services to this application
program. The independency of a layer means that we can change a protocol in a layer
as long as the new one gives the same services as the old one. but we can replace
UDP by TCP.
continued.......

15.using the internet in fig 1.11 in the text,show the layer of


tcp/ip protocoll suite and flow of data when two hosts,one on
west coast and the other on east coast,exchange messages??
ans:
WEST COAST EASTCOAST

POINT-TO-POINT
WAN

ROUTER

5 5

4
4

3
3

2 2
2 2
2 2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1 1
host switch router router switch
host

---------end---------

You might also like