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    Properties of Manufactured Glasses PDF

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    Engr Ishfaque Tunio
    The document describes three types of glass - borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, and neutral glass - that are used to produce laboratory glassware. Borosilicate glass has excellent heat and chemical resistance, making it suitable for applications involving higher temperatures or chemicals. Soda-lime glass has good but more limited chemical and heat resistance, suitable for withstanding chemicals and temperature changes temporarily. Neutral glass is highly resistant to acids and alkalis and suitable for contact with food. The document provides details on the chemical compositions and physical properties of the three glasses.

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    Properties of Manufactured Glasses PDF

    Uploaded by

    Engr Ishfaque Tunio
    96 views4 pages
    The document describes three types of glass - borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, and neutral glass - that are used to produce laboratory glassware. Borosilicate glass has excellent heat and chemical resistance, making it suitable for applications involving higher temperatures or chemicals. Soda-lime glass has good but more limited chemical and heat resistance, suitable for withstanding chemicals and temperature changes temporarily. Neutral glass is highly resistant to acids and alkalis and suitable for contact with food. The document provides details on the chemical compositions and physical properties of the three glasses.

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    The document describes three types of glass - borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, and neutral glass - that are used to produce laboratory glassware. Borosilicate glass has excellent heat and chemical resistance, making it suitable for applications involving higher temperatures or chemicals. Soda-lime glass has good but more limited chemical and heat resistance, suitable for withstanding chemicals and temperature changes temporarily. Neutral glass is highly resistant to acids and alkalis and suitable for contact with food. The document provides details on the chemical compositions and physical properties of the three glasses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    96 views4 pages

    Properties of Manufactured Glasses PDF

    Uploaded by

    Engr Ishfaque Tunio
    The document describes three types of glass - borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, and neutral glass - that are used to produce laboratory glassware. Borosilicate glass has excellent heat and chemical resistance, making it suitable for applications involving higher temperatures or chemicals. Soda-lime glass has good but more limited chemical and heat resistance, suitable for withstanding chemicals and temperature changes temporarily. Neutral glass is highly resistant to acids and alkalis and suitable for contact with food. The document provides details on the chemical compositions and physical properties of the three glasses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Properties of manufactured glass

    Glass tubes made from three types of glass are utilized for the production of
    laboratory volumetric glassware and other types of laboratory glassware that are in
    the production program of the Company.

    Borosilicate glass

    Excellent physical and chemical properties of this type of glass enable using of
    this glass not only for production of laboratory glassware but for various others
    purposes, as for instance in the pharmacy (vials), medicine (glass syringes), at
    production of brilliant lighting unit, at various branches of the textile industry (fingers)
    and in other further ranges where is required higher temperature and chemical
    resistance.
    Soda-lime glass

    This glass has good chemical as well as physical properties and it is suitable
    for the products that resist momentarily the impact of chemical medium and limitedly
    also temperature differences. Both types of pipettes are produced from the soda-lime
    glass.

    Neutral glass

    This glass is very good resistant to alkalis and acid. It is suitable for contact
    with food.

    Chemical composition of manufactured glass

    Borosilicate Neutral
    Oxide Soda-lime glass
    glass glass
    SiO2 80,6 % by weight 70 % by weight 68 % by weight
    Na2O + K2O 4 % by weight 14 % by weight 17 % by weight
    Al203 2,4 % by weight 4 % by weight 0,6 % by weight
    B203 13 % by weight 1 % by weight 0,1 % by weight
    CaO + MgO - 7 % by weight 6 % by weight
    BaO - 3 % by weight 4 % by weight

    1/4
    Physical properties of manufactured glass

    Borosilicate Soda-lime Neutral


    glass glass glass
    Coefficient of linear thermal
    expansion (ISO 7991) 3,3.10-6 K-1 8,6.10-6 K-1 9,7.10-6 K-1
     (20 °C; 300 °C)
    Density  (20 °C) 2,23 g cm-3 2,52 g cm-3 2,585 g cm-3
    Upper annealing temperature
    (ISO 7884-7) - viscosity 560 °C 520 °C 520°C
    1013,2 dPas
    Lower annealing temperature
    (ISO 7884-7) - viscosity 510 °C - 480°C
    1014,7 dPas

    Thermally treated glass is annealed, it means tempered up to the upper


    annealing temperature. It is kept at this temperature for at least 30 minutes and then
    it is slowly cooled down to the lower annealing temperature. The annealing below this
    temperature could be even faster. The procedure ensures removal of tension inside
    the glass that is usually created during its thermal treatment.

    Chemical properties of manufactured glass

    Borosilicate Soda-lime Neutral


    glass glass glass
    Chemical water resistance
    (according to the Standard HGB 1 HGB 3 HGB 3
    ISO 719)
    Chemical acid resistance
    (according to the Standard 1 - 1
    ISO 1776)
    Chemical alkali resistance
    (according to the Standard 2 - A-2
    ISO 695)

    Water and acids resistance

    The impact of acids and water on the surface of borosilicate glass is


    insignificant. Only a very small amount of monovalent ions is released into the
    surrounding medium at the beginning of the impact. Non-porous layer of silica gel is
    created gradually on the glass surface. The layer works as an inhibitor against the
    further influence of the surrounding medium. Hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric
    acid are the only exceptions from the above-described mechanism of impacts of
    water and acids on the glass surface. Both acids prevent the creation of silica gel

    2/4
    layer on the glass surface. Typical time dependence of sodium oxide loss from the
    glass surface by the impact of water and mass loss of the glass by the impact of
    acids related to cm2 is shown in Figures No.1 and 2.

    Alkali resistance

    Impact of alkalies on the glass surface is increasing with alkali concentration


    and with temperature of the medium. In case of borosilicate glass the erosion is
    limited on few micrometers of the surface layer but the surface etching can remove
    the scales from the volumetric laboratory glass in this type of medium. Illustration of
    time dependence of mass loss of the glass in alkali environment is shown in Figure
    No. 3
    mgNa20/g glass grains

    0,03

    0,02

    0,01

    0 2 4 6 8h

    Figure No.1

    3/4
    2
    mass loss mg/100 cm

    0,04

    0,02

    0 1 2 3 4h

    Figure No.2
    2
    mass loss mg/100 cm

    0,04

    0,02

    0 1 2 3 4h

    Figure No.3

    4/4

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