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    ME2115 - LumiNUS Mock-Up - Solutions

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    Cl Skye
    The document describes a uniform slender rod bent into a shape that is assembled into a mechanism with a spring. It provides several calculations: (1) The mass moment of inertia of the rod-mechanism, found to be 11.8888 kg-m^2. (2) The kinetic and potential energies of the system at its initial position and when rotated 90 degrees, with velocities and energies found. A second question describes a hammer mechanism and calculates: (3) The moment of inertia of the hammer assembly. (4) The natural angular frequency of the system with a given spring constant. (5) The damping coefficient needed for a given damping ratio, found to be

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    ME2115 - LumiNUS Mock-Up - Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Cl Skye
    64 views6 pages
    The document describes a uniform slender rod bent into a shape that is assembled into a mechanism with a spring. It provides several calculations: (1) The mass moment of inertia of the rod-mechanism, found to be 11.8888 kg-m^2. (2) The kinetic and potential energies of the system at its initial position and when rotated 90 degrees, with velocities and energies found. A second question describes a hammer mechanism and calculates: (3) The moment of inertia of the hammer assembly. (4) The natural angular frequency of the system with a given spring constant. (5) The damping coefficient needed for a given damping ratio, found to be

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    ME2115 - LumiNUS mock-up - solutions

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    The document describes a uniform slender rod bent into a shape that is assembled into a mechanism with a spring. It provides several calculations: (1) The mass moment of inertia of the rod-mechanism, found to be 11.8888 kg-m^2. (2) The kinetic and potential energies of the system at its initial position and when rotated 90 degrees, with velocities and energies found. A second question describes a hammer mechanism and calculates: (3) The moment of inertia of the hammer assembly. (4) The natural angular frequency of the system with a given spring constant. (5) The damping coefficient needed for a given damping ratio, found to be

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views6 pages

    ME2115 - LumiNUS Mock-Up - Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Cl Skye
    The document describes a uniform slender rod bent into a shape that is assembled into a mechanism with a spring. It provides several calculations: (1) The mass moment of inertia of the rod-mechanism, found to be 11.8888 kg-m^2. (2) The kinetic and potential energies of the system at its initial position and when rotated 90 degrees, with velocities and energies found. A second question describes a hammer mechanism and calculates: (3) The moment of inertia of the hammer assembly. (4) The natural angular frequency of the system with a given spring constant. (5) The damping coefficient needed for a given damping ratio, found to be

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    QUESTION 1

    A uniform slender rod is bent into the shape as shown in Fig. 1(a). It is 4 m long and has a mass
    of 4 kg.

    (a) Determine its mass moment of inertia about point A. Answer: ____________

    This object is assembled into a mechanism as shown in Fig. 1(b). It is hinged at point A, which
    is frictionless. The linear spring attached at the mid-point of AB has a spring constant k = 100
    N/m, and an un-stretched length of 0.5 m. At this initial position, determine:

    (b) The kinetic energy of the body. Answer: ______________

    (c) Let the datum be defined at point A, calculate the total potential of the system.
    Answer:_____________

    Now, suppose it is released from rest at this initial position, and rotated by 90o counter-
    clockwise (where DAB becomes horizontal), determine at this final position:

    (d) The total potential energy of the system. Answer: ____________

    (e) And the magnitude of velocity at point D at this instant. Answer: _____________

    Take g = 9.81 m/s2 in all your calculations.

    Figure 1(a) Figure 1(b)


    SOLUTION 1

    1
    Mass moment of inertia of slender rod about its C.M. is 𝐼𝐼𝐺𝐺 = 12 𝑚𝑚𝑙𝑙 2
    Parallel axis is, 𝐼𝐼𝐴𝐴 = 𝐼𝐼𝐺𝐺 + 𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑 2

    Moment of inertia for the object is


    1 1 1
    𝐼𝐼𝐴𝐴 = (2)(22 ) + � (1)(12 ) + (1)(0.5)2 � + � (1)(12 ) + (1)(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠60)2 �
    12 12 12
    2
    ⇒ 𝐼𝐼𝐴𝐴 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑚𝑚 (Answer (a))

    Solving this problem using the conservation of energy.


    Set the datum at the pivot point A.
    At initial position,
    𝑇𝑇1 = 𝟎𝟎 (Answer (b))
    ℎ𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 0.25, ℎ𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 0.75, and 𝑙𝑙1 = √1.02 + 0.52 = 1.118

    0.75
    0.25
    ℎ𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 0.25 datum

    1
    𝑉𝑉1 = (1)(9.81)(0.25) + (1)(9.81)(0.75) + (100)(1.118 − 0.5)2
    2
    𝑉𝑉1 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝐽𝐽 (Answer (c))
    At final position,

    datum
    0.5sin60

    ℎ𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = ℎ𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = −0.5𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠60 = −0.433, and 𝑙𝑙2 = 0


    1
    𝑉𝑉2 = (2)(9.81)(−0.433) + (100)(0.5 − 0.5)2 = −𝟖𝟖. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝐽𝐽 (Answer (d))
    2
    1
    𝑇𝑇2 = 𝐼𝐼𝐴𝐴 𝜔𝜔2 = 0.91665𝜔𝜔2
    2

    Applying the conservation of energy


    28.91 + 0 = −8.495 + 0.91665𝜔𝜔2 ⇒ 𝜔𝜔 = 6.388 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠

    The magnitude of velocity at D is


    𝑣𝑣𝐷𝐷 = (1)(6.388 ) = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 (Answer (e))
    QUESTION 2

    A simplified hammering mechanism is shown in Fig. 2, which comprises a hammer assembly


    that is pivoted at point O, with a linear spring at A and a viscous damper at B. The hammer
    assembly is made up of a slender rigid rod of length L and mass m, and a circular disk of radius
    L/12 and mass m that is welded to the rod at one end.

    For a specific system, with L = 1 m, and m = 10 kg.

    (a) Determine the moment of inertia of this hammer assembly about O. Answer:
    ____________

    (b) Given that the spring constant k = 1000 N/m. Then for small amplitude of oscillation, what
    is the natural angular frequency of the system. Answer: ____________

    (c) And suppose it is required that the damping ratio ζ for this system is equal to 0.2.
    Determine the damping coefficient c that is needed for this condition to be satisfied.
    Answer: _____________

    (d) Finally, what is the damped oscillation frequency of this system? Answer:_____________
    SOLUTION 2

    (a) The mass moment of inertia of the hammer assembly is

    𝐿𝐿 2 3𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 2
    𝐼𝐼𝑂𝑂 = �𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅 + 𝑚𝑚 � � � + �𝐼𝐼𝐷𝐷 + 𝑚𝑚 � + � �
    4 4 12
    1 2
    𝐿𝐿 2 1 𝐿𝐿 2 3𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 2
    = � 𝑚𝑚𝐿𝐿 + 𝑚𝑚 � � � + � 𝑚𝑚 � � + 𝑚𝑚 � + � �
    12 4 2 12 4 12
    ⇒ 𝐼𝐼𝑂𝑂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝒎𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐
    Substituting the numeric, we have

    𝐼𝐼𝑂𝑂 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)(𝟏𝟏)𝟐𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐

    (b)

    Taking moment about O, gives


    𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿
    −𝑘𝑘 � 𝜃𝜃� � � − 𝑐𝑐 � 𝜃𝜃̇ � � � = 𝐼𝐼𝑂𝑂 𝜃𝜃̈
    4 4 4 4
    𝐿𝐿 2 𝐿𝐿 2
    ⇒ 0.84375 𝑚𝑚𝐿𝐿2 𝜃𝜃̈ + 𝑐𝑐 � � 𝜃𝜃̇ + 𝑘𝑘 � � 𝜃𝜃 = 0
    4 4
    ⇒ 135𝜃𝜃̈ + 𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃̇ + 1000𝜃𝜃 = 0
    𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
    𝜃𝜃̈ + 0.0074074𝑐𝑐𝜃𝜃̇ + 7.4074𝜃𝜃 = 0

    Based on either form of EOMs, we get

    1000
    𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛 = � = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓/𝒔𝒔, 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛 = √7.4074 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓/𝒔𝒔
    135
    (c) Given the damping ratio is 0.2, the damping constant is

    𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐
    = = 0.2
    𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2√𝑚𝑚𝑘𝑘

    ⇒ 𝑐𝑐 = 2(0.2)�(135)(1000) = 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎


    OR
    0.0074074𝑐𝑐 = 2ζ𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛
    2(0.2)(2.72)
    ⇒ 𝑐𝑐 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎
    0.0074074

    (d) The damped oscillation frequency is

    𝜔𝜔𝑑𝑑 = 𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛 �1 − ζ2 = (2.72)�1 − (0.2)2 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓/𝒔𝒔

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