Name: Zayed Ahmed Khan Class: Xi Section:A Subject:Computer SESSION:2020-2021
Name: Zayed Ahmed Khan Class: Xi Section:A Subject:Computer SESSION:2020-2021
Name: Zayed Ahmed Khan Class: Xi Section:A Subject:Computer SESSION:2020-2021
CLASS : XI
SECTION :A
SUBJECT :COMPUTER
SESSION:2020-2021
INTRODUCTION
Java is a programming language created by James Gosling from Sun Microsystems (Sun) in 1991. The
target of Java is to write a program once and then run this program on multiple operating systems.
The first publicly available version of Java (Java 1.0) was released in 1995. Sun Microsystems was
acquired by the Oracle Corporation in 2010. Oracle has now the steermanship for Java. In 2006 Sun
started to make Java available under the GNU General Public License (GPL). Oracle continues this
project called OpenJDK.
Over time new enhanced versions of Java have been released. The current version of Java is Java 1.8
which is also known as Java 8.
Java is defined by a specification and consists of a programming language, a compiler, core libraries
and a runtime (Java virtual machine) The Java runtime allows software developers to write program
code in other languages than the Java programming language which still runs on the Java virtual
machine. The Java platform is usually associated with the Java virtual machine and the Java core
libraries.
Platform independent: Java programs use the Java virtual machine as abstraction and do not access
the operating system directly. This makes Java programs highly portable. A Java program (which is
standard-compliant and follows certain rules) can run unmodified on all supported platforms, e.g.,
Windows or Linux.
Object-orientated programming language: Except the primitive data types, all elements in Java are
objects.
Strongly-typed programming language: Java is strongly-typed, e.g., the types of the used variables
must be pre-defined and conversion to other objects is relatively strict, e.g., must be done in most
cases by the programmer.
Interpreted and compiled language: Java source code is transferred into the bytecode format which
does not depend on the target platform. These bytecode instructions will be interpreted by the Java
Virtual machine (JVM). The JVM contains a so called Hotspot-Compiler which translates performance
critical bytecode instructions into native code instructions.
Automatic memory management: Java manages the memory allocation and de-allocation for
creating new objects. The program does not have direct access to the memory. The so-called
garbage collector automatically deletes objects to which no active pointer exists.
PROGRAM 1