Annatto SPF
Annatto SPF
Annatto SPF
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ArticleHistory:
Article History: The cancer of skin type no melanoma is the most frequent cancer in Brazil and accounts for 25%
Received 28
Received xxxxxx,
th 20192019
October, of all malignant tumors registered in the country. It has high rates of cure if detected early.
Received in revised form
Received in revised form Among the tumors of the skin, non-melanoma type is the higher incidence and lower mortality.
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26th 20192019
November, Test bioproducts with protective solar activity is crucial in the prevention of public health and
Accepted 11
Accepted xxxxxxxxx,
th
December,2019
2019 promotes technological development. The study evaluated the influence of Bixa orellana L. oil on
Published online
Published online 31
xxxxx,
st 2019 2020
January, SPF (Sun Protection Factor) six emulsions containing chemical filters Eusolex 232 and Neo
Heliopan MBC. The physicochemical analysis of oil (acid value and saponification) preceded the
Key Words: spectrophotometric reading tests of each formulation. Then, centrifuge tests and thermal stress
Bixa orellana L., Sun Protection Factor, were performed and preceded the accelerated stability study (2 months) in the refrigerator (10°C),
UV/Visible Spectroscopy, photoprotective environment temperature (32°C) and oven (40°C) with three formulations. Acidity and
formulations. saponification indices showed values slightly above those permitted. The spectrophotometric
analysis showed that the oil enhances the effect of solar protection of Eusolex 232 chemical filters
and Neo Heliopan MBC. The pH test showed satisfactory results for formulations containing the
chemical filter Neo Heliopan MBC®. The spin test showed satisfactory results for 7 of the 9
formulations. The thermal stress test showed positive results only for three of the nine
*Corresponding author: formulations. The SPF analysis has verified that the oil annatto of Bixa Orellana L. 5% and 10%
Danielle Cristina da Silva Caldas when incorporated in photoprotective formulations with chemical filters Eusolex 232® and Neo
Heliopan MBC® potentiates the effect of solar protection.
Copyright © 2020, Danielle Cristina da Silva Caldas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Citation: Danielle Cristina da Silva Caldas, Roseane Costa Diniz, Luiza Helena Araújo do Carmo, Marisa Cristina Aranha Batista and Crisálida Machado
Vilanova. 2020. “Influence of the incorporation of annatto oil bixa orellana l. in the sun protection factor by visible spectroscopy of photoprotective formulations”,
International Journal of Development Research, 10, (01), 33285-33292.
against sun rays and antioxidant action adds value to the The saponification number indicates the required amount of
product making it more appealing to customers. alkali to saponify a defined amount of sample. This method is
used for all oils and fats and expresses the number of
milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify one
gram of sample. The test was performed in duplicate and was
also carried out a blank test.
28 x CF x (B-A)
P
A = volume spent on the titration of the sample
B = volume spent on white titration
CF = correction factor
P = number of grams of the sample
Obtaining cosmetic formulations (sunscreens): Nine
formulations were developed and the first three formulations
composed of only chemical filter Eusolex 232® (formulation
I) - Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, Neo Heliopan MBC®
- Camphor Metilbenzidileno (formulation II) and a formulation
containing the two filters (formulation III). The other six
formulations were developed with the addition of annatto oil at
concentrations of 5% and 10%. The composition of the
formulations is described in Tables 1, 2 and 3. The
pharmaceutical form of choice was emulsion, formulations that
provide greater FPS's, accept more easily the incorporation of
sunscreens and oily products, besides having good
spreadability forming a uniform film on the skin and also
provide good value for money (Ferrari et al., 2003).
Table 3. Photoprotective cosmetic formulations with Eusolex Mansour equation was used to convert the absorbance values
232® and Neo Heliopan MBC® and 10% annatto oil of the formulations and the pure oil in SPF.
saponification value obtained (224.78KOH/g) was slightly stabilize the pH of these formulations. It is noteworthy that the
above the amount recorded in the report of the analysis oil acid value is above the limit accepted (max. 3) then this
technical literature of the Option Phoenix Distributor factor may also be taken into consideration for all formulations
Petrochemicals Ltda. (2011) which is 170-200mg KOH/g. that did not reach the expected pH value. The values found in
Before we insert a cosmetic product on the market, it is the analysis are in Table 5.
necessary to analyze its stability assuring consumers of a safe
and quality product. The stability study guides the Table 5. SPF and pH analysis of cosmetic formulations
development of the formulation, providing subsidies for the
improvement of the of it, besides estimating the validity and Formulations pH SPF
(x) (y)
assist in monitoring the organoleptic, physicochemical and
Eusolex 232® 3.17 2.01
microbiological stability (ANVISA, 2008; Diogo et al., 2015).
Neo Heliopan MBC® 4.50 1.54
The Bixa orellana L. oil was purely analyzed and its SPF (Sun Eusolex 232® + Neo Heliopan MBC® 3.16 2.74
Protection Factor) was insignificant compared with the SPF of Eusolex 232® + 5% annatto oil 3.10 5.08
the formulations containing it. The patterns formulations, i.e., Neo Heliopan MBC® + 5% annatto oil 4.62 1.24
Eusolex 232® + Neo Heliopan MBC® + 5% annatto oil 3.54 4.47
those in which no oil incorporation, obtained in its entirety a Eusolex 232® + 10% annatto oil 3.13 4.89
lower SPF that the same formulation containing 5% oil and Neo Heliopan MBC® + 10% annatto oil 4.10 3.11
10%. Among all formulations, the one that showed more Eusolex 232® + Neo Heliopan MBC® + 10% annatto oil 3.19 8.82
satisfactory result was composed of Eusolex 232® + Neo Pure oil of Bixa orellana L. 4.80 1.84
Heliopan MBC®. Neo Heliopan MBC® + oil 10%
(formulation IX) which was 8.82, almost twice of the same The centrifuge test provides some future instability of the
formulation 5% (formulation VI) and more than triple of the product, such as phase separation. However, no phase
same formulation without added oil of the photoprotective separation does not guarantee the stability, only the legitimate
formulations and pure annatto oil SPF can be seen in Figure 2. that the product may be subjected to prolonged stability tests
(Diogo et al., 2015; Leonardi et al., 2002). The emulsion
galenical forms are types of creams and / or lotions that have
two immiscible phases with each other but with the addition of
an emulsifying agent may become a homogeneous system
containing polar and apolar components and therefore being
considered the type of vehicle which has greater protection
(Pineda-Sotomayor, 2015). In this case emulsions O/A were
handled which allows the incorporation of hydrophilic and
lipophilic filters which can act synergistically See Table 6.
strong modifications and those containing oil, there was phase Heliopan MBC® + annatto oil 5% (formulation VI)
separation, while still maintaining only slightly modified formulations were analyzed for 2 months and statistical
formulation Eusolex 232® + Neo Heliopan MBC® analysis proved that the refrigerator, stove and room
(formulation III) that as all other become altered in the temperature samples are not statistically different from the
temperature range 65 ° C to 80 ° C. A specific nomenclature standard sample without oil annatto (Figures 4,5 and 6). The
was used for macroscopic analysis tests, centrifugation and samples kept in the refrigerator and at room temperature
thermal stress it is: N = Normal, no change; MM = Mildly remained close to the value of the standard sample. However,
Modified; M = Modified (Masson et al., 2005; ANVISA, the samples kept in the oven remained distant from the
2004; Pineda Sotomayor, 2015). The results are show in Table standard value, showing that the temperature along with time
7. are extrinsic factors that affect the value of the cosmetic
Table 7. Thermal stress testing in cosmetic formulations
Temperatures
Formulations 40°C - 50°C 55°C 60°C 65°C – 80°C
I.Eusolex 232® N LM M M
II.Neo Heliopan MBC® N LM M M
III.Eusolex 232® + Neo Heliopan MBC® N N LM M
IV.Eusolex 232® + 5% annatto oil N LM M M
V.Neo Heliopan MBC® + 5% annatto oil N LM M M
VI.Eusolex 232® + Neo Heliopan MBC® + 5% annatto oil N LM M M
VII.Eusolex 232® + 10% annatto oil N LM M M
VIII.Neo Heliopan MBC® + 10% annatto oil N LM M M
IX.Eusolex 232® + Neo Heliopan MBC® + 10% annatto oil N LM M M
N- Normal, LM- Mildly Modified , M- Modified
Figures 4-6. Ratio analysis SPF / time respectively for the photoprotective formulations
The least altered macroscopic formulations were Eusolex formulations SPF. This fact can be understood when it is
232® + annatto oil 5% (formulation IV), Neo Heliopan known that high or low temperatures favor in order to
MBC® + annatto oil 5% (formulation V) and Eusolex 232® + anticipate chemical and/or physical reactions and why certain
Neo Heliopan MBC® + annatto oil 5% (formulation VI) and changes are acceptable, what should not happen at room
with them the study was continued. The Eusolex 232® + temperature (Diogo et al., 2015; Alamo et al., 2012; Pineda
annatto oil 5% (formulation IV), Neo Heliopan MBC® + Sotomayor, 2015) See Figures 4, 5 and 6. The time 0 is
annatto oil 5% (formulation V) and Eusolex 232® + Neo analysis before counting (see table 2). Standard sample not
33291 International Journal of Development Research, Vol. 10, Issue, 01, pp. 33285-33292, January, 2020
have oil and environment sample have oil of Bixa orellana L. biological activities of Bixa orellana L.: a review.
In this case with the temporal evolution the increase of the Scientific World Journal, 857292.
temperature did not promote significant changes in the values Diniz, Roseane Costa, 2015. Manual de Medicina Integrativa:
of SPF. In this case with the temporal evolution the Memento Fitoterápico. Revolução eBook, Brasil.
temperature did not promote the decrease of SPF. In this case Souza, L. F., 2011. Ação antioxidante de compostos bioativos
with the temporal evolution the increase of the temperature do urucum- bixina. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e
promoted the reduction of SPF. Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Conclusion Shami, N. J. I. E., Moreira, E. A. M., 2004. Licopeno como
agente antioxidante. Revista de Nutrição 17(2), 227-236.
The oil characteristics determined by the physico-chemical Instituto Adolfo Lutz., 2008. Métodos físico-químicos para
study, have a small difference from the results described in the análise de alimentos. Governo do Estado de São Paulo,
literature, however the same cannot be regarded as bad. As for São Paulo (Brasil).
SPF analysis has verified that the oil annatto 5% and 10% Ferrari, M., Monteiro, L. C. L., Netz, D. J. A., Rocha-Filho, P.
when incorporated in photoprotective formulations with A., 2003. Identifying cosmetic forms and crystalline
chemical filters Eusolex 232® (Sulfonic phenylbenzimidazole phases from ternary systems. Cosmetics and toiletries
Acid) and Neo Heliopan MBC® (metilbenzidileno camphor) 118(8), 61-70.
potentiates the effect of solar protection. As to accelerated Roland, I., Piel, G., Delattre, L., Evrard, B., 2003. Systematic
stability testing (2 months) the statistical analysis characterization of oil-in-water emulsions for formulation
demonstrated that the Eusolex232® + 5% annatto oil design. International Journal of pharmaceutics 263(1), 85-
(formulation IV), Neo Heliopan MBC® + 5% annatto oil 94.
(formulation V) and Eusolex 232® Neo + Heliopan MBC® + Moreira I.C.F., 2012. Desenvolvimento de formulações
5% annatto oil (formulation VI) formulations kept in the cosméticas com óleo graxo proveniente da espécie vegetal
refrigerator, stove and room temperature are not statistically Carapa guianensis de origem amazônica maranhense.
different from the standard sample without oil annatto. Based Curso de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão,
on these results it is suggested that more research on new raw Brasil.
vegetable materials that can be incorporated in photoprotective Masson, D. S., Morais, G. G., de Morais, J. M., de Andrade, F.
formulations in order to increase the SPF of them and add F., Dos Santos, O. D., de Oliveira, W. P., Rocha Filho, P.
value to the product. A., 2005. Polyhydroxy alcohols and peach oil addition
influence on liquid crystal formation and rheological
Author contributions behavior of o/w emulsions. Journal of dispersion science
and technology 26(4), 463-468.
L.H.A.C. conceived the project; D.C.S.C., R.C.D, M.C.A.B. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária-ANVISA., 2004.
performed the experiments of research; D.C.S.C., R.C.D., Cosméticos. Guia de Estabilidade de Produtos
L.H.A.C., M.C.A.B., C.M.V. analyzed data and discussions; Cosméticos. Ministério da Saúde, Brasília (Brasil).
R.C.D. provided expert knowledge and revised; C.M.V. Morais, G. G., Santos, O. D., Masson, D. S., Oliveira, W. P.,
contributed with materials and equipaments; D.C.S.C. and Filho, P. A. R., 2005. Development of O/W emulsions
R.C.D. wrote the paper. with annato oil (Bixa orellana) containing liquid
crystal. Journal of dispersion science and
Funding technology 26(5), 591-596.
Nascimento, C. S., Cunha, L. V., de Lima, A. N., Júnior, S. G.,
D.C.S.C. et al would like to express her gratitude for the Rolim, P. J., 2009. Incremento do FPS em formulação de
supports from the Foundation for Research and Scientific and protetor solar utilizando extratos de própolis verde e
Technological Development of Maranhao – FAPEMA vermelha. Rev. Bras. Farm. 90, 334-339.
(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Franzen, R. A. M., 2011. Avaliação do potencial protetor solar
Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão) and Universidade e desenvolvimento de formulações cosméticas com
Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). espécie vegetal de origem amazônica Hibiscus sabdariff
L. Curso de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do
Conflict of interests: We wish to confirm that there are no Maranhão, Brasil.
known conflicts of interest associated with this publication. Mansur, J. D. S., Breder, M. N. R., Mansur, M. C. D. A.,
Azulay, R. D., 1986. Determinação do fator de proteção
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