1. Position Report

figure 1.1 - by ICA 

Transmission Format
Station called kings-way control
Station calling (with station freq.) Air India 131 on 118.1 
Spoken word POSITION 
Reporting point time ANR 1100
(Give fix name and then present time over
that fix) 
Flight level FL330 
EST. Next Reporting Point EST. Blue Whale 1115 
Reporting Point Ensuing PM Next 

Example-

 
 

 Transmission-
kings way control on 118.1 
Air India 131 
POSITION 
ANR 1100 
FL 330 
Est. Blue Whale 1115 
BWN Next 
Next 

 
* Distance
by should
using be word
reported " with TO"
respect and
to VOR" ANDFROM"
DME  

Example-

figure 1.3 - by ICA 

* Use word " ABEAM" when aircraft has Nav-Aid at 090 degrees 
to its RIGHT or LEFT side.

* If aircraft is overhead of any FIX (VOR, DR etc...).

Use only " Name of FIX" and give give " PRESENT TIME" over
that fix, it`s better not to use word " OVERHEAD" in such case.
 

 
Example-

Transmission - AI-131 POSITION DPN 1100 FL320 

2. RVSM 

(Reduced Vertical Separation Minimums) 

 
RVSM Airspace is from FL290 to FL410
Requirements to Fly RVSM - 

# Airspace should be approved as RVSM airspace 

# Aircraft should be certified to Fly RVSM 
# pilot should be approved to FLY RVSM 

Following Equipment should be fully serviceable- 

# Two Primary Altimeter Settings 

# Automatic Altitude Keeping Device 
# Altitude Alerting Device 
# Transponder with MODE- C 

Separation in RVSM 

# Aircraft in same direction, separation is of 2000 feet 

# Aircraft in opposite direction, separation is of 1000 feet 

Situation (a) 
Aircraft becomes Non-compliant to RVSM, due any of the mandatory
equipment failure. In contact with ATC

 
Figure 1.5 - by ICA 
 

 
Example-
Transmission -
[ chennai control VT-RGT, Unable RVSM due equipment. 
POSITION, 60 DME Distance from MMV P628 FL310 
Required FL270 ] 

Important: In the above given

given example, a pilot cannot request
request FL 280.
Because its a east bound flight. please read " Semi-circular Rule " 
" 
for more details. 

Golden Words: Do not forget to use hypothetical data whenever

required,
but if it is given. Then use the data given in your question paper.
In the above given example there is no data given for DME, AIRWAY etc.

Transmission - 

Pilot - chennai control VT-RGT unable RVSM due equipment.

POSITION, 60 DME Distance from MMV P628 
FL310 REQUEST FL270 

Chennai control- VT-RGT
control- VT-RGT Descend to FL270 

Pilot- Leaving FL310 for FL270, VT-RGT 

VT-RGT 

Situation (b.) 
Aircraft Unable to continue RVSM, Lost Contact with ATC. 

If aircraft unable to continue RVSM and Lost contact with ATC.

First make right or left turn by 90 degrees and continue flying
till
Route15 nm.
andOnce
climbyou are at 15by
or descend nm500
make
feet.a SWITCH
turn parallel to the
ON all assign
exterior ATS 
lights.

" transmission for this situation is given below this figure"

Transmission Format
1. Pan-pan pan-pan pan-pan 
2. All aircraft All aircraft  
3. In the vicinity of (DME DISTANCE, NAME OF FIX AND ROUTE)
ROU TE) 
4. Aircraft identification
5. Type of aircraft 
 

6. Unable RVSM due (EQUIPMENT, SEVERE TURBULENCE etc.) 

7. Position of aircraft (DME DISTANCE, FIX AND ROUTE) 
8. Flight level 
9. What action you are taking (TURNING RIGHT/LEFT BY 90 DEGREES 
- FOR 15 NM - WILL FLY FL+500
OR FL-500 FEET ON DEVIATED TRACK) 
10. All exterior lights switched ON 
11. Keep a look out 

figure 1.6 - by ICA 

Example- 
Transmission- 
Pilot- pan-pan pan-pan pan-pan 
All aircraft All aircraft 
In the vicinity of P628 VT-RGT AIRBUS,
Unable RVSM due EQUIPMENT 
50 DME Distance from MMV 
P628 FL310 Turning Right by 90 degrees
 
for 15All
nm, will fly Lights
Exterior FL315 on Deviated
Switched ONTrack.
 

Keep a Look Out 

IN THE ABOVE TRANSMISSION: VT-RGT is an aircraft registration no. 

P628 is Hypothetical AIRWAY  
MMV is a fix (hypothetically) 
Do not forget to transmit- type of
Aircraft
* How to transmit while changing a Flight Levels on Cruise ? 
Transmit- 1. while leaving a Level 
2. passing a Level 
3. Reaching a Level
 

Situation (c.) 
Aircraft on Deviated track, an ATC contact Re-established.
R e-established. 

Transmission-
Pilot- Chennai
Pilot- Chennai control VT-RGT when 50 DME 
distance from MMV P628*. Lost contact with you, 
were unable RVSM due equipment.
Present position 15 nm deviated track 
crossing radial 140, 80 DME from MMV FL315 
Request to Resume Normal Navigation (RNN) AND
FL 270 

Chennai control- VT-RGT, Clear to RNN. Clear to descend FL270 

Pilot- Returning to P628*, 
Pilot- Returning
Leaving FL315 for FL 270, VT-RGT  
*(P628 is an Airway) 

Situation (d.) 
Non RVSM approved aircraft for RVSM level 

Transmission- 
Pilot- Mumbai control VT-RJP, FL270 
required FL310. Negative RVSM 

Mumbai control- VT-RJP climb to FL310 

Pilot- Leaving FL270 for FL310 

Negative RVSM, VT-RJP
Pilot- Mumbai control, VT-RJP maintaining 
FL310 Negative RVSM 
 

Situation (e.) 
Aircraft becomes non-compliant to RVSM, due severe turbulence. Fails
to get ATC clearance. 

figure 1.8 - by ICA 

Transmission- 
Pilot- pan-pan pan-pan pan-pan 
all aircraft all aircraft 
In the vicinity of P628 
VT-RGT Airbus P628 FL310 
Turning right by 90 degrees for 15 nm 
due weather/ thunderstorm 
will fly FL315 on deviated track
all exterior lights switched ON 
keep a look-out

3. Radio Communication Failure(RCF) 

In case of Radio communication failure- 

1. Try to contact on alternate frequency
2. If above fails, try to contact appropriate ground station
3. If the above fails, try to contact with aircraft flying in vicinity on  
appropriate frequency. 
4. If the above fails, transmit you message on the frequency at which
you
transmitted earlier at the first place.
MAKE THIS TRANSMISSION AS- "BLIND TRANSMISSION" 
TRANSMISSION" 
AND REPEAT IT TWICE. 
The concept is given below- 
 

In this given situation, an Airbus with Registration no. VT-LMC 

initially cleared for FL160 for the separation from other traffic, later it
is suppose to climb
climb for En-route on FL220
FL220 (two two zero) but 
unable to contact the Facility due to Radio communication failure. 
As per RCF procedure, pilot estimates the first reporting
reporting point
i.e. between DPN and IKABA at FL160. lets us say,
Pilot estimates- 
IKABA @ 1210. Now as per RCF procedure, aircraft
will 
leave FL160 for its en-route climb exactly after 20 (two zero) minutes 
from the first estimate (IKABA). 
It will leave FL160 for FL220 @ 1230 [1210 + 0020 minutes]. Keep this in
mind that this is a Broadcast.
Transmission for the above given situation -
Transmission- 
Pilot- Delhi
Pilot-  Delhi Approach VT-LMC on 118.1 Airbus
Airbus 
Transmitting Blind 
FL160, Est IKABA 1210 JJP 1225 GUDUM 1245  
will leave FL160 1230 for FL220
will transmit again at 1210
" I SAY AGAIN "  

Delhi Approach
Approach VT-LMC on 118.1 Airbus
Airbus 
Transmitting Blind 
FL160, Est IKABA 1210 JJP 1225 GUDUM 1245  
will leave FL160 1230 for FL220 will transmit again at 1210 
 

 
(* keep broadcasting on each and every reporting point, give full
compliance 
until examiner asks you to attend next question) 

Pilot- Delhi Approach VT-LMC on 118.1 

Pilot- 
transmitting blind Position 
JJP 1225 Est. GUDUM 1245 
 
IDOLA next. again at 1230 
will transmit
" I SAY AGAIN" 

Delhi Approach VT-LMC 

transmitting blind Position 
JJP 1225 Est. GUDUM 1245 
IDOLA next. 
will transmit again at 1230 

Pilot- Delhi
Pilot-  Delhi Approach VT-LMC 
on 118.1 transmitting blind 
leaving FL160 for FL220 
will transmit again reaching FL220 
" I SAY AGAIN" 

Delhi Approach VT-LMC 

on 118.1 transmitting blind 
leaving FL160 for FL220 
will transmit again reaching FL220
FL220  

4. Joining or crossing ATS Routes 

Transmission Format
1. Station called 
2. Station calling 
3. Type of aircraft 
4. Weather conditions (IMC or VMC) 
5. Position, level 
6. Est. of joining point 
7. Level of joining point 
8. Route 
9. Landing aerodrome after joining
10. T.A.S. 
11. Request joining clearance or Crossing clearance
 

Example- 

Situation- Aircraft Identity: VT-RJP Type of aircraft: ATR 

Route: Jodhpur to Delhi Refer chart no. 1. (download charts from link
given above) 
FL210

Transmission-
Pilot- DELHI CONTROL VT-RJP ATR 
IMC POSITION R085 60DME DISTANCE 
FROM JJO FL210 EST. UKBAB 1215  
FL210 W13N LANDING DELHI 
TAS 310 KNOTS
REQUEST JOINING CLEARANCE 

Situation- Aircraft Identity: VT-RJP Type of aircraft: Boeing 

Route: VABP - VAUD via Pratapgarh
FL220 Refer chart no. 1. 

1. At 60 nm from VABP, Nagpur changes you to Next ATC unit.

obtain crossing clearance. 

Transmission- ASSUME PRESENT 

PRESENT TIME: 0440 
Pilot- AHEMDA
AHEMDABAD
BAD CONTROL VT-RJP ON 134.2 
BOEING IMC POSITION R285 60DME DISTANCE
FROM BPL FL220 A474
A474 EST. PRA 0500 
LANDING UDAIPUR TAS 340 KNOTS  
REQUEST CROSSING CLEARANCE 

5. Airprox 
Word "AIRPROX" derived from Aircraft Proximity.  
The situation classified by the level of Risks:  
1. Risk of Collision - when there is a serious risk of collision has existed.
2. Safety not assured- 
assured-  when the safety of aircraft have been compromised.
collision-  when there is no risk of collision has existed.  
3. No risk of collision- 
determined- when there is insufficient information available to determine  
4. Risk not determined- 
the risk involved, or in conclusion or conflicting evidence
precluded such

determination.
 

 
Transmission Format
Type of Incidence- Varanasi control " Airprox" Risk of collision 
AI-131 Airbus Radial 290, 90 DME Distance TO BBN R594 TAS
480K FL330 Maintaining 
Flying conditions- IMC/VMC 
Time of Incidence- At
Incidence- At Time 0315 
Details- An Indian Air-force (IAF) fighter aircraft crossed flight
path by 3nm ahead in descending phase from left to right sighted 
10 o` clock
Example- 
Given: Aircraft Registration: VT-PXQ Type of Aircraft: AIRBUS 
Route: VABP-VEJS, A791 
Flight Level: 350 Refer Chart No. 2 (download charts from link
given above) 

Situation: You reached JAJB at 1815. An IAF Fighter aircraft crosses

Situation: You
your flight path from Left to Right
R ight in climbing phase approx. 3NM ahead.
Transmit your message
Transmission: NAGPUR CONTROL
CONTROL " AIRPROX
AIRPROX " RISK OF COLLISION
VT-PXQ AIRBUS JJB1815 A791 TAS 360K FL350 IMC. 
AT 1814 AN IAF FIGHTER AIRCRAFT CROSSED FLIGHT
PATH 3NM AHEAD IN CLIMBING
PHASE. SIGHTED 12 O`CLOCK. 

6. Traffic on Reciprocal track

figure 2.1 - by ICA 

# Clearance of climb or descent to other FL will be given by ATC after

Est. time to cross + 10 minutes. 
# If traffic is in sight - TRANSMIT- " Traffic in sight (AI-131),
we cleared the traffic" 
after that request climb/descend, so there is no need to wait 
 

  for 10 minutes after Est. time to cross because clearing of traffic is

confirmed. 

figure 2.2 - by ICA 

7. Weather deviation 

figure 2.3 - by ICA 

(a.)  Aircraft in contact

Situation (a.)  contact with ATC
ATC 
case of weather deviation from ATS Route: 

Format of Transmission- 
 NAGPUR CONTROL VT-LMC 
Pilot: NAGPUR
Pilot:
AIRBUS "WEATHER DEVIATION REQUIRED"  
TO RIGHT BY 15 NM DUE BAD WEATHER  
DURATION 10 MINUTES.  

Nagpur control: VT-LMC
control: VT-LMC 15NM DEVIATION TO RIGHT

Pilot: TURNING (DEVIATION) RIGHT, VT-LMC  

Pilot: TURNING
[DO NOT REQUEST DEVIATION IN DEGREES, REQUEST IN DISTANCE (NM).  
 YOU CAN REQUEST
REQUEST FOR APPROPRIATE
APPROPRIATE DISTANCE TO CLEAR WEATHER] 
CLEAR OFF THE WEATHER]
Always Remember : Always avoid diversion to the direction where there is another
ATS Route is passing. Request/choose the opposite side in such case.
case. There is a diversion
preference while crossing thunderstorm to your right hand side or left hand side
(starboard or port) which depends upon hemisphere where
where you are flying. This is not an
important situation considered in Transmission exam up till date. But it is a very important
factor in Real life Transmission. Refer meteorology for more details on this.

Situation: weather deviation denied by ATC. 

Situation: weather
Transmission- 
 
Pilot: NAGPUR
REQUIRED CONTROL
60 DME VT-LMC
DISTANCE WEATHER
TO NNP FL330 DEVIATION
REQ DEVIATION
 

15NM DUE BAD WEATHER DURATION 10 MINUTES 

TO RIGHT BY 15NM

Nagpur control: VT-LMC
control: VT-LMC UNABLE TO APPROVE DEVIATION RIGHT
DUE TRAFFIC SPICE-JET 191. AIRBUS. 25NM TO YOUR RIGHT 
FL330 REQUEST INTENTION. 

Pilot: FOR THE SAFTEY OF AIRCRAFT PASSENGER (PAX) 

DEVIATING RIGHT CONTACTING TRAFFIC 

--------------------------------- NO FUTHUR REPLY FROM Nagpur Control 

Pilot: SPICE JET 191, VT-LMC AIRBUS 60 DMEDM E DISTANCE
TO NNP G450 FL330 DEVIATING TO 
RIGHT BY 15NM 
15NM  (or less as long as you clear
clear wx safely)
safely) 
TO AVOID WEATHER DURATION 10 MINUTES M INUTES 
ALL EXTERIOR LIGHTS SWITCHED ON
KEEP A LOOK OUT  
SpiceJet-191: VT-LMC WILL KEEP A LOOK OUT, SPICE JET-191 

Situation (b.) 
(b.)  Aircraft is
is not in
in contact with ATC 

figure 2.4 - by ICA 

When there is no contact with ATC, and weather deviation is necessary.
1. if flying easterly
easterly direction- While Turning Right, fly off the ATS
assigned route and climb by 300 feet at 10nm from ATS route. No
need 
to climb if you are taking diversion within 10 nm.

2. if flying easterly
easterly direction - While Turning left,
left, fly off the ATS
assigned 
route and descend by 300 feet at 10nm from ATS route. No need to
descend 
if you are taking diversion within 10nm. 
 

 
3. if flying wasterly
wasterly direction - While Turning right, fly off the ATS
assigned 
route and descend by 300 feet at 10nm from ATS route. No need to
descend 
if you are taking diversion within 10nm. 

4. if flying wasterly
wasterly direction - While Turning left, fly off the ATS
assigned 
route and climb by 300 feet at 10nm from ATS route. No need to climb 
if you are taking 10nm.  
t aking diversion within 10nm.

Transmission- Format for weather diversion if not in contact with

w ith ATC 
Pilot: PAN-PAN PAN-PAN PAN-PAN 
ALL AIRCRAFT ALL AIRCRAFT 
IN THE VICINITY OF 70 DME DISTANCE NNP 
G450 FL330. TURNING RIGHT BY 15NM 
DUE BAD WEATHER
AT 10NM WILL CLIMB TO FL333 AND MAINTAIN
ON DEVIATED TRACK 
ALL EXTERIOR LIGHTS SWITCHED ON 
KEEP A LOOK OUT. 

* climb or descend by 300 feet if you are diverting within 10nm. 

if diversion distance is not given in question. better to take diversion
within 10nm so that there is no need tot o transmit unnecessary and 
it will save lot of time. 

8. Wind Shear Report

Transmission Format for wind shear report- 
1. Station called 
2. Station calling 
3. "WIND SHEAR REPORT" 
4. Time 
5. Intensity 
6. Height 
7. Location 

Example-1 
Pilot: Delhi Twr VT-RJH 
windshear report 
time: 0915 Intensity Moderate 
Height 700 Feet 
 

In approach path 

*Wind shear warning given by ATC to other aircraft: 

Delhi Twr: VT-RJO wind shear warning 
reported by arriving Boeing at time 0915 
intensity moderate in approach path 
runway 27 height 700 feet 

9. Vehicle on Taxiway 

figure 2.5 - by ICA 

Informing ATC - Vehicle passes in front of you  

Pilot: Delhi Ground VT-NOJ on Taxiway B (bravo) approaching 
Pilot: Delhi
intersection taxiway B-C
A green car on taxiway C (charlie), from left to right.  

10. Request to change ATS Route (Altering Route) 

 

Given Situation: Aircraft Identity VT-LMC Route: VABB-VIDP, W13N 

FL300 Refer chart no. 1. (download charts from link
given above) 

-Over DOTIP, you decided to change your route from APANO and
proceed 
to delhi via indore. 
 

Transmission- 
Pilot: MUMBAI CONTROL VT-LMC 
POSITION DOTIP 1115 
FL300, WILL ALTER COURSE FROM 
APANO AND PROCEED VIA W10 FL310  
IID W10, BPL W20N FL300 
ESTIMATE APANO 1130 
BODAR 1145 IID 1200 
Golden Words: In this above given transmission. we changed our
Flight Level from FL300 to FL310 and again changed from FL310 
to FL300. It is because we are changing our direction at those points
so applied changes according to the " semi-circular" Rule. please read
semi-circular rule for more details.

11. Urgency 
The situation which do not require immediate assistance/attention: can be defined as " a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or
other vehicle, or of some person on board or within sight which do not require immediate assistance" 

These situation cannot be defined and it is Pilot who decides the severity
of situation and transmits message as an Urgency call.  

 
If there is an Urgency
Urgency Situation, Transmit you
you message to the station with " PAN-PAN"
PAN-PAN" call, Repeated Three Time
Time

Transmission Format
Pan-Pan Pan-Pan Pan-Pan 
Station called -
Station calling (on frequency) 
Type of aircraft- 
Nature of emergency
emergency-- 
Position-
Intention-
Useful information-
information- (Total person on
on board= passenger
passenger on board
board +
crew+yourself, 
-Fuel on board or endurance in Hour/Minutes) 

12. Distress  

The situation which require immediate assistance/attention: can be defined as " a condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent
danger and of requiring immediate a ssistance " 

These situation cannot be defined and it is Pilot who decides the severity
of situation and transmits message as an Urgency call.  

some of the situation given below should be treated as Distress situation: 

1. Cabin Pressure reduces.  
2. Aircraft structural damage. 
3. Aircraft enters in prohibited area.  
 

4. Engine on fire ...etc  

If there is a Distress Situation, Transmit you message to the station with " MAY-DAY" call, Repeated Three Time 

Transmission Format
May-Day May-Day May-Day 
Station called -
Station calling (on frequency) 
Type of aircraft- 
Nature of emergency
emergency-- 
Position-
Intention-
Useful information-
information- (Total person on
on board= passenger
passenger on board
board +
crew+yourself, 
-Fuel on board or endurance in Hour/Minutes) 
Important : In case of distress/urgenc
distress/urgency,
y, transmit your message on the
frequency
which is in use instead of emergency freq. 121.5mhz. switch to 121.5mhz
only if asked by Station.

Situation (a): Cabin Decompression

Aircraft Ident.: VT-LMC Type of aircraft: Challenger  
- you are 70nm to NNP(fix of nagpur) that cabin pressure reduces,
reduces, take
necessary
action as you decide to continue flight to kolkata.

Transmission- Cabin Decompression

Pilot: May-Day May-Day
May-Day 
NAGPUR CONTROL VT-LMC ON 123.9 CHALLENGER 
EXPERIENCING DECOMPRESSION
POSITION 70 DME DISTANCE TO NNP FL330  
REQUEST IMMEDIATE DESCEND TO FL90 
WILL CONTINUE FLIGHT TO KOLKATA 
PASSENGER ON-BOARD 053 
FUEL 1 TON

Nagpur control- VT-LMC ROGER YOUR MAY-DAY 

DESCEND TO FL90 

Pilot- LEAVING
Pilot- LEAVING FL330 FOR FL90, VT-LMC 
 

fire 
Situation (b): Engine on fire 
Aircraft Reg.: VT-LMC Type of Aircraft:
Airbus 
Route:
VIDP-VABB 
FL340 
- That you are 80nm to VIJP, your left engine catches
fire, you decided to land at VIJP 

Transmission-Engine
Transmission-Engine on fire
Pilot: May-Day May-Day May-Day 
DELHI CONTROL VT-LMC ON 123.9 AIRBIUS 
ENGINE NO. 1 ON FIRE POSITION 80DME DISTANCE 
TO JJP FL340 WILL MAKE FORCE LANDING
AT JAIPUR
EST. JAIPUR IN 10 MINUTES  
REQUEST DESCEND LEVELS
PERSON ON BOARD 105 
ENDURANCE 3 HOURS 45 MINUTES  

Situation (c): Aircraft Entered on Prohibited Area 

* If you enter in prohibited
prohibited area, transmit "MAY-DAY" (three times) and
come out
from the shortest way and land at the nearest aerodrome as soon as
practical.

13. Visual Approach  

For visual approach- 

* Aircraft should runway in sight. 
* The pilot should ensure that he will be close to complete visual approach without loosing 
sight of runway.  
* The pilot should ensure that he will be able to complete visual approach without encountering
encountering
IMC 
* If in case pilot l ooses sight of the runway, he should discontinue visual approach. 

Example- 
Transmission- 
 MUMBAI TOWER VT-LMC ON 118.1  
Pilot- MUMBAI
Pilot-
AIRBUS FL50 FROM MUMBAI RWY IN SIGHT 
REQUEST VISUAL APPROACH  

Mumbai tower- VT-LMC
tower- VT-LMC CLEARED FOR VISUAL APPROACH
 

DESCEND TO CIRCUIT ALTITUDE REPORT DOWNWIND

LEFT HAND CIRCUIT RWY27 QNH 1010  

Pilot- CLEARED FOR VISUAL APPROACH  

Pilot- CLEARED
LEAVING FL50 FOR CIRCUIT ALTITUDE
WILL REPORT DOWNWIND LEFT HAND
CIRCUIT RWY27 QNH 1010  

tower- THAT IS CORRECT  
Mumbai tower- THAT

 VT-LMC (do not forget to acknowledge) 

Pilot- VT-LMC
Pilot-

 MUMBAI TOWER VT-LMC REPORTING DOWNWIND  

Pilot- MUMBAI
Pilot-

tower- MUMBAI TOWER 
Mumbai tower- MUMBAI

Pilot- MUMBAI TOWER VT-LMC 

Pilot- MUMBAI
REPORTING BASE 

tower- MUMBAI TOWER 
Mumbai tower- MUMBAI

Pilot- MUMBAI TOWER, VT-LMC  

Pilot- MUMBAI
REPORTING FINAL 

tower- CLEAR TO LAND WIND CALM  

Mumbai tower- CLEAR

Pilot- CLEAR
Pilot- CLEAR TO LAND

Example-Discontinuing visual approach 

Transmission-
 MUMBAI TOWER, VT-LMC  
Pilot- MUMBAI
Pilot-
DISCONTINUING/ABANDONING
VISUAL APPROACH DUE RUNWAY
NOT IN SIGHT. POSITION DOWNWIND CIRCUIT ALTITUDE.  
REQUEST INSTRUCTIONS. 

tower- VT-LMC TURN RIGHT BY 90 DEGREES CLIMB TO FL 50 

Mumbai tower- VT-LMC
REACHING FL50 RETURN TO BBB EXPECT ILS APPROACH  
RUNWAY 27 

Pilot-TURNING RIGHT BY 90 DEGREES RETURN TO BBB UPON

Pilot-TURNING
REACHING FL50 
EXPECT ILS APPROACH RUNWAY 27  

situation: while taxing on taxiway you experienced hot Tyre indication, take action. 
Bonus situation: while
Transmission-
 DELHI TWR AI-131 GETTING HOT TYRE INDICATION POSITION TAXIWAY 
Pilot- DELHI
Pilot-
MIKE STOPPING AIRCRAFT SLOWLY REQUEST FIRE TRUCK SERVICES FOR
VISUAL CHECK.

14. Standard Instrument Departure (SID`s)  

Read the chart carefully before you start exercise. Read the highlighted fi elds. 
you can copy and save these charts.

chart-1 
 

 
 

Example- Route: ALI 1E RWY 28 (refer chart given above for route- SID
1.1) 
Transmission- 
Pilot- DELHI TWR VT-RMC ON 118.1 
5 DME DISTANCE (DPN) TURNING LEFT TRACK 175 

Delhi Twr- ROGER
Twr- ROGER 

DELHI TWR VT-RMC ON TRACK 175 TO INTERCEPT

Pilot-
R355 SKA TO MABER 

Delhi Twr- VT-RMC ROGER, CONTACT DELHI

APPROACH ON 127.9

Pilot- SWITCHING
Pilot-  SWITCHING TO DELHI APPROACH ON 127.9  

Pilot- DELHI APPROACH

APPROACH ON 127.9 VT-RMC ESTABLISHED ON
ON R355
SKA TO MABER 

Delhi App.- ROGER 

Pilot-  DELHI TWR VT-RMC TURNING LEFT TO INTERCEPT R283 ALI 

Pilot-
TO ALIGARH 

Delhi App.- ROGER 

DELHI APPROACH VT-RMC ESTABLISHED ON R283 ALI TO

Pilot- 
Pilot-
ALIGARH   
PASSING FL70 REQUEST FURTHER CLIMB TO FL270  

GOLDEN WORDS: Do not Read-back the transmission from the chart or

the given clearance, use standard phraseology after reading the
instructions from charts. 
As you can see in above transmission, the
transmission is in standard form. 
you will surly wont get any marks if it is a read back from the chart or
clearance. 
Dont forget to transmit
transmit if you intercept any
any Radial and
and after you
 

established on that Radial. 

Instructions will be given on chart or if not given, it will be given by
examiner after you
Request for ATC clearance.

How to obtain ATC clearance ? for chart given above: 

- suppose your route is DELHI TO LUCKHNOW 

Transmission- for ATC clearance 

Pilot- Delhi Tower, VT-RMC ON 118.1 REQUEST ATC CLEARANCE 
Pilot- Delhi
(clearance will be given by examiner, after that give compliance to that
clearance)

Don`t change your frequency from tower/in use freq. to next facility until
asked by
tower/in use freq. no matter in what control area you are flying. But you
can request
to switch freq. to next facility if control area is indicated as per given
chart, else continue with same freq. in use to give further compliance.

Example- Route: PUMOT 1A RWY28 (Refer chart given above for route-
SID 1.1) 

Transmission- 
Pilot- DELHI TWR VT-RMC ON 118.1 5DME DISTANCE (DPN)
TURNING LEFT TRACK 175 TO SOMAX 
Delhi Twr- ROGER,
Twr- ROGER, DELHI TOWER 
Pilot- DELHI
Pilot- DELHI TWR VT-RMC ON TRACK 175 DEGREES TO SOMAX 

Delhi Twr- ROGER
Twr- ROGER 
Pilot- DELHI
Pilot- DELHI TOWER VT-RMC CROSSING
C ROSSING R233 DPN 
TURNING LEFT TO INTERCEPT R299 ALI  
Delhi Twr- ROGER
Twr- ROGER 
Pilot- DELHI TWR VT-RMC ESTABLISHED ON R299 ALI TO RADOM 
Delhi Twr- DELHI
Twr- DELHI TOWER 
Pilot- DELHI TWR VT-RMC 61.5 DME DISTANCE ALI TURNING TO
Pilot- DELHI
ESTABLISH R260 SSB 

Delhi Twr- VT-RMC
Twr- VT-RMC ROGER, DELHI TWR 
 

 
Pilot- DELHI TWR VT-RMC ESTABLISH ON R260 (SSB) 112.4 DME
DISTANCE 
TO SSB FOR PUMOT 

15. Standard Terminal Arrival Route(s) (STAR`s)  

Read the chart carefully before you start exercise. Read the highlighted fi elds. 
you can copy and save these charts.

Example- Position: W20 R-342 IAF 14D

(Refer chart given above for route- STAR 1.2) 
Transmission- 
Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER VT-LMC R342 W20 14DME MMV LEAVING
FL50 FOR 4000 TURNING RIGHT FOR 12 DME ARC ILS APPROACH
RWY07 
Chennai Twr- ROGER  

Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER VT-LMC COMMENCING 12 DME ARC

CROSSING R318 LEAVING 4000 FOR 2300 
Chennai Twr- CHENNAI TOWER  
Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER CROSSING LEAD RADIAL 258 
TOWER VT-LMC CROSSING
TURNING LEFT TO INTERCEPT LOCALIZER  
Chennai Twr- CHENNAI
Twr- CHENNAI TOWER  
Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER VT-LMC ESTABLISHE
ESTABLISHED
D ON LOCALIZE
LOCALIZER
R
REQUEST
LANDING CLEARANCE 
Twr- VT-LMC, CONTINUE APPROACH 
Chennai Twr- VT-LMC,
Pilot- CONTINUE APPROACH, VT-LMC 
Chennai Twr- VT-LMC,
Twr- VT-LMC, RUNWAY NOT CLEAR. CONTINUE APPROACH 
Pilot- CONTINUE APPROACH, VT-LMC 
Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER VT-LMC CROSSING OUTER MARKER  
REQUEST LANDING CLEARANCE
Chennai Twr- VT-LMC
Twr- VT-LMC CLEAR TO LAND WIND CALM 
Pilot- CLEAR TO LAND 
 

STAR 1.2 VOMM CHENNAI VOR RUNWAY 07 (sa mple copy)

 

 
Example- Position: W20 R-342 IAF 14D
(Refer chart given above for route- STAR 1.2) 
Transmission- 
Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER VT-LMC R342 W20 14DME MMV LEAVING
FL50 FOR 4000 TURNING RIGHT FOR 12 DME ARC ILS APPROACH
RWY07 

Twr- ROGER  
Chennai Twr- ROGER 

Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER VT-LMC COMMENCING 12 DME ARC

Pilot- CHENNAI
CROSSING R318 LEAVING 4000 FOR 2300 

Twr- CHENNAI TOWER  
Chennai Twr- CHENNAI

Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER CROSSING LEAD RADIAL 258 

TOWER VT-LMC CROSSING
TURNING LEFT TO INTERCEPT LOCALIZER  
Twr- CHENNAI TOWER  
Chennai Twr- CHENNAI

Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER VT-LMC ESTABLISHE

ESTABLISHED
D ON LOCALIZE
LOCALIZER
R
REQUEST
LANDING CLEARANCE 

Chennai Twr- VT-LMC,
Twr- VT-LMC, CONTINUE APPROACH 

Pilot- CONTINUE APPROACH, VT-LMC 

Chennai Twr- VT-LMC,
Twr- VT-LMC, RUNWAY NOT CLEAR.
CONTINUE APPROACH 
Pilot- CONTINUE APPROACH, VT-LMC 

Pilot- CHENNAI TOWER VT-LMC CROSSING OUTER MARKER  

REQUEST LANDING CLEARANCE 
Chennai Twr- VT-LMC
Twr- VT-LMC CLEAR TO LAND WIND CALM Pilot- CLEAR TO
LAND 
 

GOLDEN WORDS: DO NOT FORGET TO REPORT WHILE

CROSSING MANDATORY RADIAL FOR REPORTING, WHILE 
CHANGING LEVEL, AFTER ESTABLISHED ON ARC AND  
WHILE CROSSING LEAD RADIAL. IF LANDING CLEARANCE 
IS NOT OBTAINED. GET IT BEFORE OR ON OUTER-MARKER. 
DO NOT LAND IF YOU DO NOT HAVE CLEARANCE, IN 
THAT CASE COMMENCE MISS-APPROACH AND 
READ THE MISS APPROACH PROCEDURE GIVEN IN
ABOVE CHART. GIVE COMPLIANCE WITH MISS APPROACH  
PROCEDURE. 

16. HOLDINGS OVER FIX / w.r.t. FIX  

Holding can be done over VOR, NDB & G.P.S. WAY POINT 

holding instructions may be given by ATC or if not given by ATC it should be followed by
instructions
given in charts or AIP etc.  

Holding clearance if given by ATC contains following elements- 

1. Name of fix  
2. Directions of inbound leg from the fix. 
3. Radials / bearings that define the inbound leg. 
4. Turn direction (if non-standard)  
5. Leg length ( if non-standard. if not
no t given; fly standard-each leg for one minute with standard
rate of turn )  
6. Expect further clearance time (EFC)  
7. Any applicable notes 

Holding entries: (Good to know : Not applicable for RTR TRANSMISSION) 

1. Direct 
2. Parallel 
3. Tear Drop 

Begin slowing your airspeed not less than 3 minutes before holding fix.  
MHS:
200: KIAS MHA-6000 ft msl 
 

230: KIAS 6001-14000 ft msl 

265: KIAS 14001- msl and Above 

The 5 T`s Pilot should remember  

1. Turn 
2. Time 
3. Twist (OBS) 
4. Throttle 
5. Talk (Radio Communication) 

Report Format:
1. Station calling
2. is Established 
3. Holding altitude 
4. Time (ex: 1340Z ) 

Required Reports:

1. Time and altitude when reaching a fix 

2. Time leaving a holding fix  

*Holding can be done OVER the fix or at some DME w.r.t. FIX 

*Holding instruction may be given on chart or it might be asked by ATC to hold at any point 
with complete instructions.
 

 
CHART 1.3 HOLDING PATT
PATTERN
ERN

ATC holding Instructions and Transmission for Holding at POINT (a.) given in chart  
Example- Position: RWY 07 while commencing miss-approach when
- Aircraft fails to land. Read the miss approach procedure and follow the
instructions.
Transmit according to instructions. 
[ Refer chart-STAR (a.)) ] 
chart-STAR 1.3 point (a.

Transmission- 
 

Pilot- CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC UNABLE TO

LAND (give reason: why unable to land) RWY 07 
COMMENCING MISS-APPROACH 

Twr- CHENNAI TWR  

Pilot-CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC AT 2300 FEET RUNWAY HEADING 

Pilot-CHENNAI
TURNING LEFT FOR MMV VOR HOLDING R269 AT 3000 FEET  
EST. MMV 1350Z (TIME) 

Twr-CHENNAI
Twr- CHENNAI TWR

CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC AT MMV 1350Z 3000 FEET 

Pilot-CHENNAI
Pilot-
FOR VOR HOLDING R269 

Twr-CHENNAI TWR  
Twr-CHENNAI

Pilot-CHENNAI TOWER VT-LMC 

Pilot-CHENNAI
ON OUTBOUND LEG HOLDING MMV 3000 FEET 

CONTINUE HOLDING 
Twr-CONTINUE
Twr-
[ REPORT WHILE TURNING TO ESTABLISH OR AFTER ESTABLISHED
ON INBOUND LEG ] 

Pilot-CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC TURNING INBOUND R269  

Pilot-CHENNAI
HOLDING 

CONTINUE HOLDING 
Twr-CONTINUE
Twr-

[ REPORT ONLY FOR FIRST HOLD AT INBOUND AND OUTBOUND 

 

LATER REPORT ONLY AT INBOUND OR OVER THE FIX OR 30-40

SECONDS BEFORE THE TIME, IF TIME FOR HOLD IS GIVEN BY ATC ]  

Pilot-CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC INBOUND CONTINUE HOLDING 

Pilot-CHENNAI

CHENNAI TWR  
Twr-CHENNAI
Twr-

Pilot-CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC MMV 1355Z 

Pilot-CHENNAI
CONTINUE HOLDING 

CHENNAI TWR  
Twr-CHENNAI
Twr-

Pilot-CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC MMV 1359Z 

Pilot-CHENNAI
( you will reach over the fix and report with time after each hold  
That takes standard time 1 min on each leg and total hold is for 4 min. 
only applicable for standard holding )  

Pilot-CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC INBOUND MMV R269 CONTINUE

Pilot-CHENNAI
HOLDING 

Twr-CHENNAI
Twr- CHENNAI TWR  

continue hold until advised further by ATC.................. 

ATC holding Instructions and Transmission for Holding at POINT (b.) given in chart  

Example- Position: RWY 07 after miss-approach when

- Aircraft fails to land. ATC may give following Instructions to hold 
at initial approach fix-IAF W22 R-091 AT 20D (20 DME) 
 

[ Refer chart-STAR 1.3 point (b.) ] 

Transmission- 
Pilot- CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC UNABLE TO LAND
RWY 07. WILL CLIMB 2300 FEET RUNWAY HEADING 

Chennai Twr- VT-LMC PROCEED DIRECT TO IAF W22 AT 4000 AND

A T FL65 TIME 3 MINUTES. 
HOLD R091 20 DME MMV HOLD AT
minimum
( check the m inimum holding altitude in chart it`s MHA FL65, that means
aircraft
cannot hold below the MHA but if instructed by ATC to hold below MHA  
it should be followed instead of MHA given in chart )

(ATC MAY GIVE YOU THE LENGHT OF LEG IN NM`s TO

HOLD AND TO AVOID MORE NO OF TURNS AS WELL 
AS DIRECTION TO MAKE TURN IN HOLDING IN CASE OF

NON-STANDARD HOLDING. 
IF NO SUCH INSTRUCTION IS GIVEN THEN FOLLOW THE CHART
AND IF NOT GIVEN ON CHART THEN FOLLOW THE STANDARD TURN 
TO RIGHT HAND SIDE AND KEEP LEG LENGHT FOR 1 MINUTE  
ON EACH LEG) 

Pilot-  VT-LMC PROCEED DIRECT TO IAF W22 AT 4000 AND  

HOLD R091 20 DME MMV HOLD AT FL60 TIME 3 MINUTES. 

(GIVE COMPLIANCE TO GIVEN INSTRUCTIONS)  

Pilot- CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC AT IAF 20D MMV FOR VOR HOLDING 

Pilot- CHENNAI
R091 AT FL60 1350Z  

Chennai Twr- CONTINUE HOLDING 

Pilot-  CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC

Pilot-  VT-LMC ON OUTBOUND R091MMV HOLDING 
Chennai Twr- CONTINUE HOLDING 

Pilot- CHENNAI TWR AI-131 TURNING FOR INBOUND HOLDING  

Pilot- CHENNAI
20 DME MMV 
 

Chennai Twr- CONTINUE HOLD 

Pilot- CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC HOLDING 091, 20DME MMV  

Pilot- CHENNAI
( no further inbound/outbound reported after one inbound and one out bound report,
now report should be over the fix or on inbound leg just before reaching over the fix )  

Chennai Twr- CONTINUE HOLD EXPECT VOR ILS 07 STAND

BY FOR FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS 

Pilot- CHENNAI TWR VT-LMC CONTINUE HOLDING R091 20 DME MMV  

REQ FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS TO LAND RWY 07 VOR ILS.  

Don`t forget to Transmit time while leaving the hold  

AT  POINT (C.) 
ATC MAY ASK YOU TO HOLD AT POINT (C.) INDICATED ON CHART. 
INSTRUCTIONS MAY BE AS FOLLOWS -  

CHENNAI TWR- VT-LMC
TWR- VT-LMC FLY DIRECT TO IAF DCT TIRUPATI  

AT FL 50 AND HOLD ON R-318 16 DME MMV HOLDING TO RIGHT (right hand

 pattern) 
EXPECT FURTHER CLEARANCE AT 1350Z  
In instructions given in transmission, time for hold and length of holding
ho lding leg 
is not given. So keep holding time as standard i.e. for 1 minute on each leg.