Question Answers

Ch#1: Hazrat Muhammad(SAWW), An Embodiment of Justice

(i) How can people achieve perfection in the moral, spiritual and social areas of life?

Ans. People can achieve perfection in their moral, spiritual and social areas of life by seeking light,
instructions and guidance from the Rasool’s (SAW) message and life. They should make the Rasool
(SAW) their role model to secure the highest level of prestige in every field of life.

(ii) How did the Rasool (SAW) set high and noble ideals for all mankind?

Ans. The Rasool (SAW) set high and noble ideals for all mankind through his practical examples by
following the commandments of Allah. Not only in spirituality and morals but also in trade, business,
state affairs and warfare he set perfect and noble examples.

(iii) How were the people of Makkah convinced of the Rasool’s (SAW) justice even before his Nabuwat?

Ans. As a young trader, the Rasool (SAW) earned the good reputation of being an honest, fair and just
business man. He (SAW) advised the most equitable plan for the setting of the Black Stone. So the
people of Makkah were convinced of the Rasool’s (SAW) justice even before his Nabuwat.

(iv) What standards of justice did the Rasool (SAW) practice as head of the state of Madinah?

Ans. As head of the state of Madinah, the Rasool (SAW) practiced very high standards of justice. He
(SAW) decided all cases on merit with justice and equity, irrespective of colour, creed, or race. He did
not even exempt the Quraish woman who was found guilty of stealing.

(v) Why did Quraish think that the Rasool (SAW) would favour them?

Ans. Quraish thought that the Rasool (SAW) would favour them because he (SAW) himself was the
member of the Quraish family. Moreover, they thought that Hazrat Usama bin Zaid (RA) was closed
enough to the Rasool (SAW) to make an appeal on behalf of that guilty woman.

(vi) What made non-Muslims bring their suits to the Rasool (SAW)?

Ans. The Rasool (SAW) was well-known for his justice. He (SAW) decided all cases on merit with justice
and equity, irrespective of colour, creed, race or religion. Therefore, the non-Muslims brought their suits
to the Rasool (SAW) for decision.

(vii) What advice did the Rasool (SAW) give to Hazrat Ali (RA)?

Ans. The Rasool (SAW) said to Hazrat Ali (RA), “When two men come to you for judgment, never decide
in favour of one without hearing the arguments of the other; it is then most likely that you will know the
truth.”

(viii) How does the Quran describe the personality of the Rasool (SAW)?

Ans. The Holy Quran describes the personality of the Rasool (SAW) as: “Indeed in the Rasool of Allah
(Muhammad SAW), you have a good example to follow for him who hopes for (the Meeting with) Allah
and the Last Day, and remembers Allah much.” (33:21)
 Chinese New Year

(I) When does Chinese New Year start?

Ans. According to Georgian Calendar, Chinese New Year is never on the same day each year. It typically
falls somewhere between January 21st and February 20th. In 2017, the first day of the Chinese New Year
is on Saturday, 28 January.

(ii) Why is Chinese New Year never on the same day each year?

Ans. The Chinese follow lunar calendar which is based on the phases of the moon and has shorter cycle
than the sun. Therefore, the Chinese New Year is never on the same day each year. It typically falls
between January 21st and February 20th.

(iii) Why do Chinese families do through cleaning of their houses before New Year’s Day?

Ans. Prior to the first day of the New Year it is customary for Chinese families to thoroughly clean their
houses. Doing this is said to clear out any bad luck from the previous year and to make the house ready
to accept good luck for the coming year.

(iv) Which colour is not allowed and which colour is encouraged on Chinese New Year? Why?

Ans. Wearing black is not allowed due to its association with death, however, wearing red is encouraged
as the colour is associated with warding off bad spirits. Red envelopes given to children by adults
symbolize wealth and prosperity for the coming year.

(v) What do decorations on doors and windows symbolize?

Ans. Chinese hang up signs and posters on doors and windows with the Chinese character fu written on
them, which means luck and happiness. The right side of the character is a pictogram of a jar. The
inverted character implies the “pouring out” of the jar of good fortune on those coming through the
door!

(vi) What is the significance of New Year’s Eve dinner?

Ans. The New Year’s Eve dinner named as “Nian Ye Fan” is the most important dinner for the Chinese.
Normally, this is the family reunion dinner, especially for those with family members away from home. It
helps Chinese families to sit together and mend their bonds.

(vii) What do the little red envelopes filled with money symbolize?

Ans. Chinese people love the colour red. It is a traditional practice for adults to give children little red
envelopes filled with money. These red envelopes filled with money are called “yasui qian” and
symbolize wealth, happiness and prosperity for the coming year.

(viii) What is the importance of Chinese New Year for Chinese families?

Ans. Chinese New Year is very important for Chinese families. This is the time when the family members
strive to be with their near and dear ones; they regard this as a time to usher out the old year and
welcome the new, with great festivities and merrymaking.
 First Aid

(i) What is the importance of knowledge of ‘First Aid’ in crisis management?

Ans. First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care provided
to preserve life or prevent the condition from worsening. The knowledge of ‘First Aid’ in crisis
management prepares people to tackle with unexpected emergencies with great confidence.

(ii) You should not keep checking if the bleeding has stopped. Why?

Ans. Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If they don’t, apply gentle pressure with
a clean cloth or bandage. However, don’t keep checking to see if the bleeding has stopped because this
may damage or dislodge the clot that is forming and cause bleeding to resume.

(iii) Why is it necessary to keep away soap from the wound?

Ans. To clean the area around the wound, use mild soap and a soft washcloth. But soap can irritate the
wound because soap is made from fats and oils, or their fatty acids, by treating them chemically with a
strong alkali. So it is necessary to keep away soap from the actual wound.

(iv) What is an antibiotic?

Ans. An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial
infections. It may kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The first antibiotic was penicillin discovered by
Alexander Fleming in 1928.

(v) How is an antibiotic cream or ointment good in healing the wound?

Ans. A thin layer of an antibiotic cream or ointment helps to keep the surface of the wound moist. The
products do not make the wound heal faster, but they can help the body’s natural healing process work
fast.

(vi) What should you do if you are allergic to adhesive material used in most bandages?

Ans. Allergy is a damaging immune response by the body to a substance. If you are allergic to the
adhesive material used in most bandages, switch to adhesive-free dressings or sterile gauze held in place
with paper tape, gauze roll or loosely applied elastic bandage.

(vii) When do you need to see a doctor?

Ans. You need to see a doctor when you are in a chronic condition, your wounds are not healing, you
have a severe attack of allergic reaction and above all when First Aid fails to treat your illness or injury.

(viii) What should your first aid kit consist of?

Ans. The first aid kit should contain; a first aid book, band-aids, elastic bandages, gauze pads, adhesive
tape, antiseptic wipes, cotton wool, safety pins, tweezers, scissors, latex gloves, calamine lotion, clinical
thermometer and analgesic tablets.

Television vs. Newspapers

(i) How is a newspaper more convenient medium of news?

Ans. Newspaper does not require us to sit at a place and read the news. Busy people may read the
newspaper anytime of the day. They may choose to omit certain aspects of the news that they are not
interested in. Thus newspaper is a more convenient medium of news.

(ii) How does a viewer get restricted while watching TV news?

Ans. Television requires its viewer to be at a certain place and at a certain time in order to watch and
listen to the news. The viewer cannot choose which piece of news he wishes to skip. Thus the viewer
gets restricted while watching TV news.

(iii) In what way viewing news on TV is easier than reading a newspaper?

Ans. Viewing news on TV requires little effort and a little skill of language because everything is visual
and auditory. In comparison, the reader of a newspaper needs to be proficient in the language in order
to understand it better. Thus viewing news on TV is easier than reading a newspaper.

(iv) How does television make us lazy?

Ans. We view the news or any other programme at television without any effort. Watching too much
television slows down our body’s metabolism because we spend so much time with a numb mind doing
nothing. Thus television, more than anything else, makes us lazy.

(v) How do newspapers give us more in-depth coverage?

Ans. Although television can give us the most updated news and visuals, newspapers can give us more
in-depth coverage. Editorials and column writers can give us their expert views and analysis that we can
digest slowly as we read them.

(vi) Why do some people read more than one newspapers?

Ans. Some people opt to read more than one newspaper a day so as to;

(i) Get different viewpoints of the news

(ii) Check the validity of the news

(vii) How can readers give feedback to the newspaper articles?

Ans. Feedback is the information or statements of opinion about something for its improvement. The
readers can give feedback to the newspaper articles by getting their writings published in the public or
open forum.

(viii) Which medium do you prefer for news? Why?

Ans. I prefer newspapers for news because they are convenient. They can be read at any time and at any
place. Uninterested aspects of the news can be skipped easily. Moreover, newspapers give more in-
depth coverage.

Selecting The Right Career

(i) In past, why did people want to become a doctor, an engineer or a pilot?
Ans. In the past, people wanted to become a doctor, an engineer or a pilot because these disciplines
were thought to be the only fields that could offer rewarding careers in terms of both respect and
money.

(iii) What were some famous careers for the young people in the past?

Ans. In the past, people wanted to become a doctor, an engineer or a pilot because these disciplines
were thought to be the only fields that could offer rewarding careers in terms of both respect and
money.

(iv) Nowadays non-traditional careers are more appealing to young minds. Why?

Ans. Nowadays, non-traditional careers are more appealing to young minds because life has become
more dynamic and innovative. Young minds have become aware of the benefits of non-traditional
careers like electronic media, fashion designing and Information Technology etc.

(v) What is meant by the “right profession”?

Ans. A profession is any type of job that requires special education, training, or particular skill. “Right
profession” means a rewarding career that involves interest and provides respect, money and mental
satisfaction.

(vi) Why is it important to consider the scope of any field?

Ans. To consider the scope of any field in terms of market demand is very important. It informs us about
the hiring trends and competition in the market. Thus, to examine the scope of any field helps us to
choose a right profession.

(vii) Is there any need of proper career counseling department? Why?

Ans. Yes, there is a dire need of proper career counseling department even a school level. It would
determine the personalities of students, observe and analyze their interests and suggest suitable careers
according to their aptitude.

(viii) How can career counselors help the young people?

Ans. Career counselors can play a key role in guiding the young people towards a rewarding profession.
They can determine the personalities of the young people, observe and analyze their interests and
suggest suitable careers according to their aptitude.

(ix) Which career do you want to opt for? Give reasons.

Ans. I want to be a Chartered Accountant because it suits to my aptitude. I am much interested in

accountancy, business statistics and commercial geography. Moreover, CA is a highly rewarding
profession in terms of both respect and money.

A World without Books

(i) How does a book connect the reader and the writer?
Ans. A book is a form of private communication between the reader and the writer. By writing a book, a
writer talks with his readers. And by reading a book, the reader enters into the world created by the
writer. Thus the book links the both.

(ii) In what way books are better than radio, TV and Internet?

Ans. We can keep books with us forever. We can read them whenever and wherever we like. Reading
books is more ‘intellectually stimulating’ than listening radio, watching television or surfing the internet.
Thus books are better than radio, TV or Internet.

(iii) Why should people be given more opportunity to read books?

Ans. People should be given more opportunities to read books because they are a source of comfort, a
safe shelter, sustenance and roads forward. Moreover, books provide the deepest connection to the
morals that make people humans.

Great Expectations

(iv) Who looked after Pip after the death of his parents?

Ans. Pip’s parents died soon after his birth. His overbearing sister and her kindly husband, the
blacksmith Joe Gargery, looked after Pip after the death of his parents. Joe loved Pip as if he were his
own son.

(v) Who was Joe? How did he treat Pip?

Ans. Joe Gargery was Pip’s brother-in-law and childhood hero. He was the village blacksmith. He was
kind and warm-hearted. He loved Pip as if he were his own son. He always used to come to Pip’s aid
when needed.

(vi) Why did Pip give food and drink to the prisoner?

Ans. Pip gave food and drink to the prisoner because of fear, sympathy and kindness. In the churchyard,
Pip met a prisoner who threatened Pips and ordered him to bring food from his house. During the
dinner, Pip stole a piece of bread and gave it to the prisoner the next morning.

(vii) Why did the prisoner support Pip?

Ans. The prisoner was highly impressed by the kindness Pip showed to him when he was hungry. So the
prisoner decided to support Pip with money. This was so that Pip could receive good education in
London and become a better person.

(viii) What happened to the prisoner’s wealth after his death?

Ans. The prisoner, Abel Magwitch, had become a wealthy man in Australia through farming. However, in
London, he was arrested and sentenced to death by the judge. Before he could be hanged, he died in
prison. By law, all his wealth was confiscated by the government.

Population Growth and World Food Supplies

(i) Which areas are most affected by incessant growth in population?

Ans. The incessant growth in population is causing serious economic problems in almost all continents.
Great pressure is being placed on arable land, water, energy, and biological resources. The developing
countries are the most affected areas by incessant growth in population.

(ii) Why are developing countries going to suffer more due to over population?

Ans. It is reported that all future population growth is going to take place in developing countries. The
population growth reduces per capita income of the people because national income is divided by a big
size of population. Thus developing countries are going to suffer more due to overpopulation.

(iii) What is the major cause of food shortage and malnutrition?

Ans. Overpopulation is the major cause of food shortage and malnutrition. Due to overpopulation, there
is a shortage of fertile agricultural land, fresh water and fossil energy. The scarcity of these things
decrease food productivity. Moreover, more people need more food.

(iv) How are water resources under great stress?

Ans. Due to overpopulation water resources like rivers, lakes and aquifers are under great stress
because more people consume more water for agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and
environmental activities.

(v) What is the effect of depletion of fossil energy?

Ans. The effect of depletion of fossil energy is that the prices of fuel i.e., oil, coal and natural gas are
rising everywhere which is a massive setback for industries and transportation. Moreover, energy
production is also reduced.

(vi) What is the limitation of improved technology?

Ans. The limitation of improved technology is that it cannot make any addition to the existing natural
resources. For example, improved technology cannot produce an unlimited flow of those vital natural
resources that are the raw material for sustained agricultural production.

(vii) How can sufficient food supply be made possible for the future generation?

Ans. Sufficient food supply can be made possible for the future generation by;

(i) Managing and protecting natural resources

(ii) Controlling the fast growing population

(viii) What strategies should be adopted for safe future?

Ans. Following strategies should be adopted for safe future;

(i) We should manage and protect natural resources

(ii) We should achieve optimum world population that is less than two billion.

Faithfulness

(i) What case did the young men bring to Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA)?
Ans. The young men brought the case of their father’s murder to Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA). They also
brought the strong and sturdy murdered with them. They demanded justice by punishing the murderer
for his crime.

(iii) Why did the old man hurl a stone at the camel?

Ans. The old man hurled a stone on the camel with all his might because it had nipped a few leaves off
the hanging branch from one of his trees. The stone caught the camel on the side of the head. It reeled
and fell down dead.

(iv) Why did the villager ask Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) to delay the execution?

Ans. The villager had buried some gold in the earth in a field that no one knew the place. It belonged to
his younger brother. He wanted to hand over the gold to a trustee. Thus, he asked Hazrat Umar (RA) to
delay the execution for three days.

(v) On what condition was the criminal allowed to leave?

Ans. The criminal was asked to give his guarantor who could suffer death in case he did not return. The
villager looked at the people present there. He pointed to Hazrat Abuzar Ghafari (RA) as his guarantor.
Hazrat Abuzar Ghafari (RA) also agreed to become his guarantor.

(vi) Why did the accusers forgive the villagers?

Ans. The accusers forgave the villager, the murderer of their father, as they were impressed by his
honesty and faithfulness. They said to Hazrat Umar (RA), “We forgive him as forgiveness is divine.” They
also refused to accept any blood money.

(vii) How can we learn from failure?

Ans. Everyone fails in life. While failure hurts at the time, it is a part of life’s design – a divine chisel.
Failure is a temporary detour or delay, not defeat. It teaches us the lesson of courage. It urges us to take
more daring steps to reach our goal.

(viii) How is failure not a disgrace?

Ans. Everyone fails in life. While failure hurts at the time, it is a part of life’s design – a divine chisel.
Failure is a temporary detour or delay, not defeat. To leave working after failure is surely a disgrace. But
if failure urges us to take more daring and steady steps, it is no disgrace then.

(ix) What according to the poet is a sweet noise?

Ans. “Sweet noise” is an oxymoron – a figure of speech that juxtaposes elements that appear to be
contradictory, but which contain a concealed point. The sound of rain drops falling on the leaves of trees
is a “sweet noise”; it is musical for some people and noise for others.

TRY AGAIN

“Try Again” is a simple, reflective and moralizing poem gleaned by the pen of a British poet, William
Edward Hickson. In this poem, the poet tells us the importance of trying again in case we fail in doing
something due to some adverse circumstances. He says that we should continue trying again till we
succeed.

The poet says if we fail in our first attempt, we should not get disappointed. We should try again
because then we will become courageous. If we persist because of this courage, we will conquer. The
poet admits that when we try again, we may fail once or twice. However, if we keep on trying, we will
succeed. If we do not win a race we should not give up trying again in shame. Moreover, if we find our
task difficult to accomplish, we should not lose heart. Time will bring us our fruit of labour. We can also
do what other people can do but it needs patience.

In short, this little poem gives us a big lesson. It gives us a message of hope, courage, hard work,
perseverance and optimism. We should always keep this message in mind to be crowned with victory in
our lives.

A winner is just a loser who tried one more time.

(George Moore)

THE RAIN

“The Rain” is a beautiful, symbolic and lovable poem gleaned by the pen of a Welsh poet, William
Henry Davies. In this poem the poet describes the beauty and effects of two great phenomena of
Nature; rain and sunshine. He also portrays the ugly aspect of Nature with the image of a poor man
suffering from rain.

It is raining and the speaker is present near a tree. The speaker feels that the leaves of that tree are
gulping raindrops like humans. The upper leaves after quenching their thirst pass on the drops to the
lower leaves. The falling of raindrops on leaves creates a “sweet noise” which appeals to the speaker.
When the sun comes out after the rain stops, the sun will fill each dark, round drop present on the
leaves with its wondrous light. The sight of shinning raindrops will be very lovely. But this scene will only
be possible if the sun shines brightly. And so, the speaker hopes for a bright sun.

In short, this poem shows the poet’s love for nature and his starkly realistic understanding of society
and laws of nature. The emergence of bright sun after heavy rain gives us a message of hope, optimism
and happiness.

It takes both rain and sunshine to make a rainbow.

(Anonymous)

PEACE

“Peace” is a metaphorical, thought-provoking and moralizing poem gleaned by the pen of a German
poetess, Dr. Silvia Hartmann. In this poem, the poetess describes negative and positive aspects of wind
which is destructive when in frenzy of rage but most of the time it is peaceful, calm and gentle.
 When the wind is in a fierce mood, it is a monster of destruction. Like a monster it roars and breaks
things apart. It is so catastrophic that it completely destroys all man’s work. This may be anything ever
built by man. Everywhere its havoc is the same. It levels everything to the ground. In its rage it throws
broken thinks in the air whirling and flying. However, this is not its real nature. The truth is that it is
usually peaceful when the sky is bright blue. It is calm and quiet like whispers coming from far away.
Alas! People do not give any importance to this aspect of wind.

In short, the poem awakens a consciousness of soothing effect of wind in us that ultimately subdues
its evil power. It encourages us to appreciate peace, love and benevolence instead of thinking about bad
things or war. It gives us a lesson that we have to experience storms to enjoy peace.

After a storm comes a calm.

(Proverb)

Paragraphs

There is a garden in front of my house. There are many plants and trees in it. There
bloom fl owers of many colours in spring. Their fragrance spreads all around. In the
evening, the garden is fi lled with men, women and children. People promenade here and
there and enjoy themselves. Children run around in the garden. Now they are here and
the next moment, they are in the other corner of the garden. I also go to the garden for a
walk on every evening. Many gardeners look aft er the garden.

In the ups and downs of life, there come such moments when a man totally loses his
hope. He becomes pessimist and his power to compete disappears. This is against the
dignity of man. All the progress the world has made is the result of the determinati on and
perseverance that Allah Almighty has bestowed upon man. Man should never lose heart;
rather he should face his failures in a manly manner. Surely, Allah Almighty will bless with
him success one day.

Once upon a ti me, a jackal lived near the bank of a river. There were many fi elds of
melons on the other side of the river. The river was deep and wide. The jackal wanted to
eat his fi ll. He could not cross the river. One day, he said to his friend, a camel, “I shall be
very thankful to you if you take me to the other bank of the river.” The camel agreed. The
jackal jumped onto the back of the camel. The camel waded across the river and reached
the other bank. The jackal went into the fi elds of melons and began to eat melons with
relish.

It is feared that the world will run out of oil in a few years. Every country is trying to
discover more reserves of oil. It is not yet known how much fruit this eff ort will bring.
The need is that we should reduce our needs of oil. The consumpti on of oil for industry
and agriculture cannot be reduced. However, the private needs can be cut down. We
should import buses instead of cars so that the facility of buses for the students can be
improved.

I study in class 10. The school in which I study is a famous school of the city. Four
teachers teach my class. They all are able teachers. But I like Mr. Zaid the most. He
teaches us English and Mathemati cs. His method of teaching is so good that what he
teaches we learn it then and there. Therefore, his class shows hundred percent results.

There was a miser. Once his purse was lost. There were one hundred rupees in the
purse. He announced, “I shall give ten rupees to the one who fi nds my purse and brings it
to me.” One day, a farmer came with his purse. The miser looked into the purse. It
contained the same one hundred rupees. When the farmer demanded his reward, the
miser said, “There were one hundred and ten rupees in my purse. Now there are only one
hundred rupees in it. You have already taken ten rupees.”

Anarkali is the busiest bazaar of Lahore. It is always thronged with people. The shops
remain open ti ll late at night. Here you can buy things of almost every kind. Some people
come here to buy things but many people come here just for the fun of it. There are many
vendors in Anarkali. They sell butt ons, laces, needles, clips and the other things of this
kind. Some pickpockets also come into Anarkali. You should beware of these pickpockets
if you go to Anarkali.

It is our moral duty to respect our parents. They take much care of us. They give us
food. They give us clothes. They provide us with all the things that we need. They send us
to school so that we may serve them aft er getti ng educati on. It will bring us comfort.

Once two friends set out on a journey. They promised to help each other in trouble.
They reached a jungle. They saw a bear coming towards them. One of them ran and
climbed up a tree. His friend could not climb up the tree. He lay down and held his
breath.

10
 Before coming to the city, we lived in a village. We were very happy in the village. We
got up early in the morning. Aft er doing abluti on, we off ered the prayers and then went
to the lush green fi elds for a walk. In the aft ernoon, we slept in the shade of trees. A
stream fl owed near the village. Its water was clean and cold.

11

Once a crow was thirsty. He fl ew from one place to the other but could fi nd no water.
At last, he reached a garden. There he saw a pitcher of water. He became very happy. He
looked into the pitcher. The water was so low that his beak could not reach it. The crow
was clever. He hit upon a plan.

12

More than two hundred and fi ft y years ago, a boy lived in a small town of Germany.
His name was George Fredrick Handle. His father was a famous doctor. One day, the old
doctor said to his son, “George, you will enjoy fame one day. You may be a doctor or a
judge.” George replied, “I want to be neither a doctor nor a judge. I want to devote my
life to music.” And one day he was really a great musician.

13

Karachi is a beauti ful and important city. Karachi is the biggest city of Pakistan. It
stands on the shore of the Arabian Sea. Here the climate is temperate. Land breeze and
sea breeze keep on blowing here. Once Karachi was the capital of Pakistan. It is a sea
port. Our trade with other countries is done through this port. Our dear leader Quaid-e-
Azam was born in Karachi. His tomb also stands in this city. The people who visit Karachi,
off er “Fateha” at Quaid-e-Azam’s tomb.

14

Atomic energy can be used for the benefi t of man. It can also be used to destroy the
world. Atomic energy can produce electricity for us. There is a power stati on in Karachi.
Now-a-days, there are chances that the electricity produced by atomic energy would be
cheap. We should use atomic energy only for peaceful purposes.

15

Anwar is my best friend. His father is a teacher. He is a very pious and honest man.
Anwar lives near our house. His house is very good and beauti ful. We go to school
together. In the evening, I go to his house. We study together. He always gets a fi rst in
the exams. He wears neat and clean clothes.

16

Milk is a perfect diet. It is sweet and delicious. Its colour is white. We get milk mostly
from cows and buff aloes. Milk makes us healthy and strong. We also make curd, butt er
and cheese from it. Milk is a very useful diet for children and pati ents. Milk should always
be used aft er being boiled.
 17

The lion is a powerful animal. It gives a dangerous look. It has long hair (mane) on its
neck. It is found in the jungles of Africa and Asia. It lives in caves. It is called the king of
jungle. It is a great enemy of man. But the hunters steal its cubs. They train them and
make them perform in circus.

18

A young man was sitti ng in a garden. He was a bit worried. Aft er someti me, an old man
entered the garden. He gave the young man a lett er. The young man opened the lett er
and read it. He was very happy to read the lett er. The signs of his worry vanished. He
thanked the old man.

19

Lahore is an old and historical city. It stands on the bank of the River Ravi. It is the
capital of the province, the Punjab. There are many historical buildings in this city.
Badshahi Masjid is one of the greatest mosques of the world. The tomb of Allama Iqbal is
also situated near Shahi Masjid. Iqbal gave us the idea of Pakistan. The Resoluti on of
Pakistan was passed in Lahore. Minar-e-Pakistan was built as a memorial to this
Resoluti on. It was built in Iqbal Park.

20

Allahdin lived in Beijing, a city in China. His father worked as a tailor. He was a very
hardworking man. Allahdin was sti ll a young child when his father died. Allahdin and his
mother lived a very poor life. Allahdin was very lazy. He played the whole day in streets
and did nothing. However, he was strong and powerful physically.

21

We saw many animals in the zoo. We had never seen these animals before. We all
were very happy. My younger brother was parti cularly happy. He began to jump with joy
when he saw a peacock. He said to the father, “Father, can you buy me a peacock? It is a
very beauti ful animal.” The father told that those peacocks were not for sale.

22

My mother loves me very much. She always takes care of my health. She cooks such
food as I like. But she stops me from overeati ng. She gives me fi ne clothes. She is against
costly clothes. She teaches me books regularly. I am a bit weak in English. Therefore, she
has arranged a tutor for me. She lays stress on me to study daily.

23

Aurangzaib was a very good-natured and God-fearing king. He used to get up early in
the morning and worship Allah. During his reign, he had issued orders to get up early in
the morning, worship Allah and do good deeds so that the whole day might pass in peace.
He himself used to hold his court with the sunrise. He listened to the appeals of the poor,
the needy and the oppressed. He treated them with love. He asked them about their well-
being with heed and fulfi lled their wishes.

24

The young man had come to assassinate Quaid-e-Azam. When he observed that no one
was present around, he took a knife out quickly. He rushed towards Quaid-e-Azam. Allah
Almighty has gift ed Quaid-e-Azam with great wisdom and courage. He held out his long
arm and gripped the hand of the murderer ti ghtly. He called out his private secretary. The
criminal was arrested. All the people saw that Quaid-e-Azam was a brave man.

25

Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) was born in Makkah. His father’s name was Abdullah. His
grandfather brought him up. When he was twenty fi ve years old, he married Hazrat
Khadeeja (RA). When he was forty years old, he said, “I am a prophet of Allah.” Listen to
me. Allah is one. Worship Him.

26

In the old day, a merchant lived in Kabul. He had a son. The merchant’s son was fond
of getti ng educati on from his childhood. The father made him get educati on with utmost
care. He sent him to good teachers. He made him get educati on in good insti tuti ons and
provided him with good books. As a result, by the ti me he was young, he had become
expert in most of the branches of knowledge of the age. When the king heard of the fame
of his knowledge, he was very happy. The king made the merchant’s son his minister and
began to take his advice to do every thing.

27

It is our house. I was only fi ve years old when the father bought this house. I have
been living in this house for ten years. Our family is very large but this house is very
small. The father says that he would sell this house and buy a big one in Gulberg. But I do
not want to leave this house. I love this house.

28

Amjad was sti ll a child when his father died. He became an orphan. His uncle brought
him in his house. The uncle had no son. He brought him up as his son. Amjad passed his
M.A. examinati on and got a good job. His uncle had become old by this ti me. Amjad
served his uncle as his father. The uncle made Amjad his son-in-law. Amjad became the
member of his uncle’s family then.

29

Hazrat Ayesha (RA) was the daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (RA) who was a
close companion of the Rasool (SAW). She was the wife of the Rasool (SAW). She lived in
a small room. It was just a simple room with a low roof. Hazrat Ayesha (RA) did the
household task herself. Her life was simple. She was very intelligent and knew a lot about
Islam.
 30

Once a crow found a piece of meat. He sat on the branch of a tree. In the meanti me, a
vixen happened to come there. The vixen said to herself, “I should get the piece from the
crow.” Nearing the crow, she said, “I have heard that you can sing well. Your voice is very
melodious. I want to enjoy your song. Would you do me a favour of letti ng me hear your
song?” The crow was happy with this.

31

It is a picture of our village. There are lush green fi elds outside the village. Now it is
summer. The sun is shining brightly. There lie wheat fi elds just in front of the village.
There is a great hustle and bustle in the wheat fi elds. The young, the old, men and
women are working there together. The crop is ripe. The villagers will harvest and take
their crop to the city. There are many things worth-seeing in our village. We are happy in
the village. We will make our village beauti ful.

32

Hazrat Ali (RA) was the son of the Holy Prophet’s (SAW) uncle. The name of the Holy
Prophet’s (SAW) uncle was Abu Talib. Abu Talib was not a rich man. Hazrat Ali (RA) lived
with the Holy Prophet (SAW). He became Muslim at the age of nine. He fought in many
batt les and killed many infi dels. He became Caliph aft er the death of Hazrat Uaman (RA).
He was the fourth Caliph. The Holy Prophet (SAW) married his daughter to him. Hazrat Ali
(RA) was a brave man and a scholar. He loved the Holy Prophet (SAW) very much.

33

Man shapes his desti ny himself. He should work hard and do his duti es with devoti on
so that he may succeed in his life. Hard work is the greatest reality of the world which
cannot be denied. If we look into the past, we will come to know that all the great men of
the past did their work with hardihood and courage and bett ered their lot. Abraham
Lincoln was a president of America. If we study his life, we will come to know that he was
the son of a woodcutt er. But he was fond of getti ng educati on.

34

Madina is a holy city of Arabia. It is about three hundred miles away from Makkah.
Cars cover this distance in four to fi ve hours. Madina is the city of the Holy Prophet
(SAW). There are many mosques here; but Masjid-e-Nabwi is the most famous of all. The
shrine of the Holy Prophet (SAW) lies in this mosque. One lakh Muslims can off er their
prayers here. There are many hotels in Madina. Old buildings also stand there.

35

I saw the lion from the distance. He was sitti ng in the bushes. The lion did not see us. I
said to my companion, “You should sit here quiet, I go near the lion.” Aft er this, I began
to advance slowly towards the lion. If I had made a litt er noise, he would have run away.
At last, I reached near him. I could see him clearly in the leaves. He had not seen me yet.
I raised the gun very carefully.

36

A friend of Chaudry Aslam came to see him aft er a long ti me. He felt that chaudry
looked sad. He asked, “Chaudry Sahib, what is the matt er? Why do you remain sad?”

Chaudry: There is nothing parti cular.

Ayoob: If there is nothing parti cular, there must be some common problem. Why are you
restless?

Chaudry: Who is at peace with himself in the world? There is peace neither during the
day not at night.

Ayoob: The world does not agree with you. It is man’s cowardice that makes him
hopeless.

37

It was a winter night. We were asleep. All of a sudden, someone knocked at the door.
My father and I woke up. We thought there might be a thief. Therefore, we took the gun
and reached the door. My father asked, “Who is at the door?” There came the reply, “I
am a poor hungry man.” We opened the door. We took him inside and gave him
something to eat. He thanked us and went away.

38

Educati on is free up to the middle classes now. Now the children of the poor will also
be able to get educati on. The government of Pakistan has taken the schools and colleges
under its control. Everyone in the country will enjoy equal rights. The government will
give scholarships to the intelligent children. They will be able to get educati on in high-
ranking educati onal insti tuti ons. We will build a new powerful Pakistan. We should
struggle for the development of the country.

39

Aabi was my childhood friend. We played and got educati on together. Then, aft er I
had passed my intermediate examinati on, I was married. I with my husband went to
England. I did not get any news of Aabi whether she got further educati on or was
married. When I returned to homeland aft er fi ve years, I, one day, suddenly, ran across
Aabi’s elder sister in the bazaar. Tears wett ed hers eyes when I asked her about Aabi
impati ently. My house was nearby. I took her with me so that she might tell me
something about Aabi in a relaxed mood.

40

The president has stressed upon the writers, poets, intellectuals, thinkers and scholars
to help the government, through their literary works, in making the country an Islamic
welfare state. The president was addressing a big gathering of poets and writers in the
introductory ceremony of a book, yesterday.

5. DIRECT AND INDIRECT NARRATION

QUESTION NO. 1 (Assertive Sentences)

1. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) She says, “I hope I am not late.”

Indirect Speech: She says that she hopes she is not late.

(iii) She says, “We have shifted to another house.”

Indirect Speech: She says that they have shifted to another house.

(iv) He says, “She has written me a very encouraging letter.”

Indirect Speech: He says that she has written him a very encouraging letter.

(v) They say, “We have done our duty.”

Indirect Speech: They say that they have done their duty.

(vi) She says, “We love and respect our neighbours very much.”

Indirect Speech: She says that they love and respect their neighbours very much.

(vii) He says, “I have not heard the latest news about her.”

Indirect Speech: He says that he has not heard the latest news about her.

(viii) The doctor says, “The patient is still in a state of coma.”

Indirect Speech: The doctor says that the patient is still in a state of coma.

(ix) The teacher says, “She has always been a good student.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher says that she has always been a good student.

(x) They say, “Our teacher is on leave today.”

Indirect Speech: They say that their teacher is on leave today.

(xi) He says, “I want to speak to you.”

Indirect Speech: He says to me that he wants to speak to me.

 (xii) You will say, “She is cranky.”

Indirect Speech: You will say that she is cranky.

(xiii) The teacher will say, “You have done your work very well.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher will say to us that we have done our work very well.

(xiv) She will say, “He did not come up to my expectations.”

Indirect Speech: She will say that he did not come to her expectations.

(xv) You have said, “They are waiting outside.”

Indirect Speech: You have said that they are waiting outside.

(xvi) She has said, “She is ready to accompany us to Karachi.”

Indirect Speech: She has said that she is ready to accompany them to Karachi.

Notes Prepared By: Prof. Shahbaz Asghar

2. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) He said, “I am not a thief.”

Indirect Speech: He said that he was not a thief.

(ii) She said, “I am working hard.”

Indirect Speech: She said that she was working hard.

(iii) He said, “I am unwell.”

Indirect Speech: He said that he was unwell.

(iv) She said, “I am helping my mother in the kitchen.”

Indirect Speech: She said that she was helping her mother in the kitchen.

(v) He said, “I am watering the plants in the garden.”

Indirect Speech: He said that he was watering the plants in the garden.

(vi) Afshan said, “I am sewing mother’s shirt.”

Indirect Speech: Afshan said that she was sewing mother’s shirt.

(vii) She said, “I am going to college.”

Indirect Speech: She said that she was going to college.

(viii) They said, “Our teacher is on leave.”

Indirect Speech: They said that their teacher was on leave.

(x) She said to me, “You are a lazy boy.”

Indirect Speech: She said to me that I was a lazy boy.

(xi) He said, “They are not doing their duty well.”

Indirect Speech: He said that they were not doing their duty well.

(xii) He said to me, “You are not running very fast.”

Indirect Speech: He said to me that I was not running very fast.

(xiii) He said to me, “I was writing a letter.”

Indirect Speech: He said to me that he had been writing a letter.

(xiv) He said, “I have returned the books.”

Indirect Speech: He said that he had returned the books.

(xv) The teacher said to Mueen, “I have taught you and your sister.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher said to Mueen that he had taught him and his sister.

(xvi) They said, “We have done our duty.”

Indirect Speech: They said that they had done their duty.

Notes Prepared By: Prof. Shahbaz Asghar

QUESTION NO. 2 (Assertive Sentences)

1. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) The teacher said to us, “You have not completed your drawing.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher said to us that we had not completed our drawing.

(ii) She said, “They have not eaten their meals.”

Indirect Speech: She said that they had not eaten their meals.

(iii) The teacher said, “I have often told you not to play with fire.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher said to me that he had often told me not to play with fire.

(iv) My brother said to me, “You have missed the point completely.”

Indirect Speech: My brother said to me that I had missed the point completely.

(v) She said, “She will go there.”

Indirect Speech: She said that she would go there.

(vi) Afshan said, “They will wait for us for one hour only.”

Indirect Speech: Afshan said that they would wait for them for one hour only.
(vii) She said, “I shall never do such a thing.”

Indirect Speech: She said that she would never do such a thing.

(viii) They said, “We shall never make a promise we cannot fulfill.”

Indirect Speech: They said that they would never make a promise they could not fulfill.

(x) She said, “I like the clouds in the sky.”

Indirect Speech: She said that she liked the clouds in the sky.

(xi) Arif and Ayesha said to their mother, “We like mangoes.”

Indirect Speech: Arif and Ayesha said to their mother that they liked mangoes.

(xii) He said, “I always wake up early in the morning.”

Indirect Speech: He said that he always woke up early in the morning.

(xiii) She said, “I do not agree with you.”

Indirect Speech: She said to me that she did not agree with me.

(xiv) He said to the stranger, “I do not recognize you.”

Indirect Speech: He said to the stranger that he did not recognize him.

(xv) She said, “The patient died in the hospital.”

Indirect Speech: She said that the patient had died in the hospital.

(xvi) She said, “He rang me up at twelve midnight.”

Indirect Speech: She said that he had rung her up at twelve midnight.

Notes Prepared By: Prof. Shahbaz Asghar

2. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) She said, “I am doing my home task now.”

Indirect Speech: She said that she was doing her home task then.

(ii) He said, “I shall explain this to you only if you listen to me with patience.”

Indirect Speech: He said to me that he would explain that to me only if I listened to him with patience.

(iii) He said to her, “I live in this building.”

Indirect Speech: He said to her that he lived in that building.

(iv) He said, “I like this song.”

Indirect Speech: He said that he liked that song.

(v) He said, “I hope you will not repeat this mistake.”

Indirect Speech: He said to me that he hoped I would not repeat that mistake.

(vi) He said, “I completed my drawing half an hour ago.”

Indirect Speech: He said that he had completed his drawing half an hour before.

(vii) He said, “The rain fell last night.”

Indirect Speech: He said that the rain had fallen the previous night.

(viii) He said, “She sang a beautiful ghazal at the concert last night.”

Indirect Speech: He said that she had sung a beautiful ghazal at the concert the previous night.

(ix) She said, “I did not go to school yesterday.”

Indirect Speech: She said that she had not gone to school the previous day.

(x) He said, “The boys did not put up a good show last night.”

Indirect Speech: He said that the boys had not put up a good show the previous night.

(xi) My father said to me, “Honesty is the best policy.”

Indirect Speech: My father said to me that honesty is the best policy.

(xii) The teacher said to us, “God helps those who help themselves.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher said to us that God helps those who help themselves.

(xiii) He said, “Two and two make four.”

Indirect Speech: He said that two and two make four.

(xiv) The teacher said to us, “The earth revolves around the sun.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher said to us that the earth revolves around the sun.

(xv) The teacher said to us, “A black sheep spoils the whole flock.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher said to us that a black sheep spoils the whole flock.

Notes Prepared By: Prof. Shahbaz Asghar

QUESTION NO. 3 (Interrogative Sentences)

1. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) She said, “Is this your book?”

Indirect Speech: She asked me whether that was my book.

(ii) She said, “Are you going to Lahore today?”

Indirect Speech: She asked me whether I was going to Lahore that day.
(iii) He said, “Aren’t you ashamed of yourself?”

Indirect Speech: He asked me whether I was not ashamed of myself.

(iv) They said, “Have you ever visited Murree Hills?

Indirect Speech: They asked me whether I had ever visited Murree Hills.

(v) The judge said, “Have you anything more to say?”

Indirect Speech: The judge asked him whether he had anything more to say.

(vi) He said, “Do you have any share in this firm?”

Indirect Speech: He asked me whether I had any share in that firm.

(vii) Adnan said, “Had you left Karachi before writing this letter?”

Indirect Speech: Adnan asked me whether I had left Karachi before writing that letter.

(viii) He said, “Will you listen to me?”

Indirect Speech: He asked me whether I would listen to him.

(ix) Rehana said, “Will you stop interfering my work?”

Indirect Speech: Rehana asked me whether I would stop interfering her work.

(x) The mother said, “Shall we invite Qureshis also?”

Indirect Speech: The mother asked whether they should invite Qureshis also.

(xi) He said to me, “Do you like music?”

Indirect Speech: He asked me whether I liked music.

(xii) He said, “Do you agree with me?”

Indirect Speech: He asked me whether I agreed with him.

(xiii) I said to him, “Do you take exercise daily?”

Indirect Speech: I asked him whether he took exercise daily.

(xiv) The teacher said, “Did you do your home task yesterday?”

Indirect Speech: The teacher asked me whether I had done my home task the previous day.

(xv) The mother said, “Didn’t I ask you not to go there?”

Indirect Speech: The mother asked me whether she had not asked me not to go there.

Notes Prepared By: Prof. Shahbaz Asghar

2. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) He said to me, “What are you looking for?”

Indirect Speech: He asked me what I was looking for.

(ii) He said, “What do you want me to do?”

Indirect Speech: He asked me what I wanted him to do.

(iii) The boy said, “What do you want me to do?”

Indirect Speech: The boy asked me what I wanted him to do.

(iv) She said, “Where do you live?”

Indirect Speech: She asked me where I lived.

(v) Raza said, “Where are you going?”

Indirect Speech: Raza asked me where I was going.

(vi) The pupil said, “Where have I eased?”

Indirect Speech: The pupil asked where he had eased.

(vii) The mother said, “How did you fair in your examination?”

Indirect Speech: The mother asked me how I had faired in my examination.

(viii) The manager said, “How do you propose to solve this problem?”

Indirect Speech: The manager asked me how I proposed to solve that problem.

(ix) He said, “How many chapters have you done already?”

Indirect Speech: He asked me how many chapters I had done by that time.

(x) She said to him, “Why did you come late?”

Indirect Speech: She asked him why he had come late.

(xi) He said, “When will you come?”

Indirect Speech: He asked me when I would come.

(xii) The teacher said, “Who is the author of this book?”

Indirect Speech: The teacher asked who the author of that book was.

(xiii) The teacher said, “Who is next on list?”

Indirect Speech: The teacher asked who next on list was.

(xiv) The teacher said, “Whose is this book?”

Indirect Speech: The teacher asked whose that book was.

(xv) The stranger said, “Which is the way to Shalimar Gardens?”

Indirect Speech: The stranger asked which the way to Shalimar Gardens was.
Notes Prepared By: Prof. Shahbaz Asghar

QUESTION NO. 4 (Imperative Sentences)

1. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) The referee said, “Quiet, please.”

Indirect Speech: The referee requested the spectators to be quiet.

(ii) He said to his sister, “Please say something.”

Indirect Speech: He requested his sister to say something.

(iii) She said to me, “Please lend me your camera for a day.”

Indirect Speech: She requested me to lend her my camera for a day.

(iv) He said to his friend, “Please lend me your bike for a day.”

Indirect Speech: He requested his friend to lend him his bike for a day.

(v) Ali said to me, “Please lend me your pen.”

Indirect Speech: Ali requested me to lend him my pen.

(vi) She said to her friends, “Please have dinner with me tomorrow at eight.”

Indirect Speech: She requested her friends to have dinner with her the next day at eight.

(vii) Farhan said to his uncle, “Please help me in getting some job.”

Indirect Speech: Farhan requested his uncle to help him in getting some job.

(viii) He said to me, “Please help me.”

Indirect Speech: He requested me to help him.

(ix) He said to her, “Please fetch me a glass of water.”

Indirect Speech: He requested her to fetch him a glass of water.

(x) She said to her neighbour, “Please take care of my son.”

Indirect Speech: She requested her neighbour to take care of her son.

(xi) The mother said to her daughter, “Please tidy up your room.”

Indirect Speech: The mother advised her daughter to tidy up her room.

(xii) The master said to the servant, “Go and fetch me a glass of milk.”

Indirect Speech: The master ordered the servant to go and fetch him a glass of milk.

(xiii) The judge said, “Call the next witness.”

Indirect Speech: The judge ordered to call the next witness.

(xiv) The officer said to the clerk, “Do it immediately.”

Indirect Speech: The officer ordered the clerk to do it immediately.

(xv) The teacher said to the boys, “Leave the room at once.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher ordered the bosy to leave the room at once.

Notes Prepared By: Prof. Shahbaz Asghar

2. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) She said to me, “Tell the truth.”

Indirect Speech: She advised me to tell the truth.

(ii) The doctor said to the patient, “Take complete rest and follow my direction.”

Indirect Speech: The doctor advised the patient to take complete rest and follow his direction.

(iii) The father said to his son, “Get up early in the morning and go for a walk.”

Indirect Speech: The father advised his son to get up early in the morning and go for a walk.

(iv) The teacher said to the students, “Work hard.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher advised the students to work hard.

(v) The father said to his son, “Work hard lest you should fail.”

Indirect Speech: The father advised his son to work hard lest he should fail.

(vi) The teacher said to the pupil, “Read the paragraph and explain it in simple English.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher advised the pupil to read the paragraph and explain it in simple English.

(vii) The teacher said, “Do not make a noise.”

Indirect Speech: The teacher forbade to make a noise.

(viii) They said to me, “Do not tell a lie.”

Indirect Speech: They forbade me to tell a lie.

(ix) She said to me, “Do not waste your time in idle talk.”

Indirect Speech: She forbade me to waste my time in idle talk.

(x) The father said to his son, “Do not leave this room without my permission.”

Indirect Speech: The father forbade his son to leave that room without his permission.

(xi) Roshana said, “Let us finish our work first.”

Indirect Speech: Roshana proposed that they should finish their work first.
(xii) Afshan said, “Let us go for a picnic on Friday.”

Indirect Speech: Afshan proposed that they should go for a picnic on Friday.

(xiii) She said to them, “Let us not deceive ourselves.”

Indirect Speech: She proposed them that they should not deceive themselves.

(xiv) He said to his wife, “Le us go for shopping.”

Indirect Speech: He suggested his wife that they should go for shopping.

(xv) Farhat said, “Let us enjoy ourselves for an hour first.”

Indirect Speech: Farhat proposed that they should enjoy themselves for an hour first.

Notes Prepared By: Prof. Shahbaz Asghar

QUESTION NO. 5 (Exclamatory & Optative Sentences)

1. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”

Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

(ii) He said, “Hurrah! I have won the medal.”

Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with joy that he had won the medal.

(iii) She said, “Hurrah! I have been selected for the job.”

Indirect Speech: She exclaimed with joy that she had been selected to the job.

(iv) He said, “Alas! I am ruined.”

Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.

(v) He said, “Alas! We cannot defeat our enemies.”

Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with sorrow that they could not defeat their enemies.

(vi) She said, “Alas! I failed in exams.”

Indirect Speech: She exclaimed with sorrow that she had failed in exams.

(vii) He said, “Oh! It’s a bad news.”

Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with sorrow that it was a bad news.

(viii) He said, “Oh no, I missed the train.”

Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with sorrow that he had missed the train.

(ix) The girls said, “What a beautiful sight!”

Indirect Speech: The girls exclaimed with wonder that it was a very beautiful sight.

(x) He said, “What a beautiful piece of art!”

Indirect Speech: He explained with wonder that it was a very beautiful piece of art.

(xi) He said, “What a wonderful painting is this!”

Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with wonder that that was a very wonderful painting.

(xii) They said, “Wow! What a pleasant weather it is.”

Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with wonder that it was a very pleasant weather.

(xiii) She said, “What a pity you missed that function!”

Indirect Speech: She exclaimed with sorrow that I had missed that function.

(xiv) He said, “How well she sings!”

Indirect Speech: He explained with wonder that she sang very well.

(xv) She said to her servant, “How foolish you are!”

Indirect Speech: She exclaimed with wonder that her servant was very foolish.

Notes Prepared By: Prof. Shahbaz Asghar

2. Change the following sentences into the indirect form of narration.

(i) He said, “May Allah help me do my duty!”

Indirect Speech: He prayed that Allah might help him to do his duty.

(ii) She said to her father, “May you live long!”

Indirect Speech: She prayed for her father that he might live long.

(iii) She said, “May you prosper!”

Indirect Speech: She prayed that I might prosper.

(iv) The mother said to her daughter, “May Allah bless you with a son!”

Indirect Speech: The mother prayed for her daughter that Allah might bless her with a son.

(v) The mother said to her son, “May you return successful!”

Indirect Speech: The mother prayed for her son that he might return successful.

(vi) He said to me, “May you succeed in your mission!”

Indirect Speech: He prayed for me that I might succeed in my mission.

(vii) He said, “May you get through your exam with good marks!”

Indirect Speech: He prayed that I might get through my exam with good marks.
(viii) He said to me, “May you find your lost camera!”

Indirect Speech: He prayed for me that I might find my lost camera.

(ix) She said, “May my son stand first in the class!”

Indirect Speech: She prayed that her son might stand first in the class.

(x) Mr. Khan said, “May Allah save me!”

Indirect Speech: Mr. Khan said that Allah might save him.

(xi) He said, “Would that I were rich!”

Indirect Speech: He wished that he had been rich.

(xii) She said, “Would that my father were alive!”

Indirect Speech: She wished that her father had been alive.

(xiii) The old man said, “Would that I were young!”

Indirect Speech: The old man wished that he had been young.

(xiv) He said, “Would that I were born in England!”

Indirect Speech: He wished that he had been born in England.

(xv) I said to him, “Would that you were here on Sunday!”

Indirect Speech: I wished that he had been there on Sunday.