WORD WATCH

Word Meaning Phonetics Parts of Speech

Abatjour a device, as a skylight, for diverting light into buildings. /abaʒuʁ/ noun
Abecedarian arranged alphabetically. /eɪbi:si:'dɛ:rɪən/ adjective
Abelian (of a group) having members related by a commutative operation /ə'bi:lɪən/ adjective
(i.e. a*b = b*a).
Aberrancy the act of departing from an accepted standard. /ə'bɛr(ə)nsɪ/ noun
Abeyant temporarily suspended. /ə'beɪənt/ adjective
Absorbefaci causing absorption. /əb'zɔ:b'feɪʃnt/ adjective
ent
Acaulescent either stemless or without a visible stem. /æka:lɛsənt/ adjective
Accredit To believe that somebody is responsible for doing or saying /əˈkredɪt/ verb
something
Adhesion the action or process of adhering. /ədˈhiːʒən/ noun
Aerogramm a pre-stamped, lightweight paper that folds into its own envelope. /ɛ:rəgram/ noun
e
Affable good-natured and sociable. /ˈæfəbl/ adjective
Ageusia is the loss of the sense of taste. /ə'ɡju:ziə/ noun
Ajar (of a door or other opening) slightly open. /ə'dʒɑ:/ adjective
Ajiva is anything that has no soul or life, the polar opposite of jiva in /ə'dʒivə/ noun
Hinduism and Jainism.
Ajowan an annual plant with feathery leaves and white flowers, native to /adʒəwɒn/ noun
India.
Ajugas a plant of a genus that includes bugle. /ə'dʒu:gə/ noun
Albescent growing or shading into white /al'bɛs(ə)nt/ adjective
Alette a small wing of a building. /ə'let/ noun
Ampullaceo resembling an ampulla; shaped like a flask or bladder. /æmpʊ'leɪʃəs / adjective
us
Anathematis to denounce or to curse. /ə'naθəmətʌɪz/ verb
e
Ankh an Egyptian cross used as a symbol of enduring life. /aŋk/ noun
Antler a branched horn on the head of an adult deer. /ˈæntlə/ noun
Appaloosa A horse of a North American breed having dark spots on a /apə'lu:sə/ noun
light background.

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 Apparel clothes, particularly those worn on a formal occasion /əˈpærəl/ noun
Applause approval expressed by clapping. /əˈplɔːz/ noun
Appliqué ornamental needlework in which pieces of fabric are sewn or /æˈpliːkeɪ/ noun
stuck to a larger piece.

Aqueous of or pertaining to water, watery. /eɪkwɪəs/ adjective

Aramaic a branch of the Semitic family of languages, used as a lingua /ˌærəˈmeɪɪk/ noun
franca in the Near East from the 6th century BC and still
spoken in some communities.
Arboreal relating to or living in trees. /ɑːˈbɔːrɪəl/ adj
Armoire a large wardrobe or movable cupboard. /ɑ:'mwɑ:/ noun
Artisan a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making /ˌɑːtɪˈzæn/ noun
things by hand.
Aurochs a black European wild ox, extinct since 1627. /ɔ:rɒks/ noun
Autocephalo (of an Eastern Christian Church) appointing its own head, not /ɔ:tə(ʊ)'sɛf(ə)ləs/ adjective
us subject to the authority of an external patriarch or archbishop.

Babiche raw hide, typically formed into strips, as used for making fastenings /bə'bi:ʃ/ noun
and animal snares.
Bacciferous bearing or producing berries. /bæk'sɪfərəs/ adjective
Bagheera a velvet used to make evening wear and wraps. /bag ɪ:rə/ noun
Baguette a long, narrow French loaf. /bæˈɡɛt/ noun
Baksheesh a tip or gratuity used in the Middle East. /bak'ʃi:ʃ/ noun
Bale a large amount of a light material pressed tightly together and /beɪl/ noun
tied up.
Ballista a catapult used in ancient warfare for hurling large boulders. /bəˈlɪstə/ noun

Bamboozle cheat or mystify. /bæmˈbuːzl/ verb

Banquette a long soft seat along a wall in a restaurant, etc. /baŋ'kɛt/ noun
Baritone an adult male singing voice between tenor and bass. /ˈbærɪˌtəʊn/ noun
Barrage a dam placed in a watercourse to increase the depth of water /ˈbærɑːʒ/ noun
or to divert it into a channel for navigation or irrigation.

Bassarisk a racoon-like carnivorous mammal. /basə'risk/ noun

Bassist a person who plays a double bass or a bass guitar. /ˈbeɪsɪst/ noun

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 Bdellium a fragrant resin produced by a number of trees related to myrrh, /dɛlɪəm/ noun
used in perfumes.
Beaker a glass cup with straight sides and a lip, used in chemistry, for /ˈbiːkə/ noun

example for measuring liquids.

Bellicose demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight. /ˈbelɪkəʊs,ˈbelɪkəʊz/ adjective
Bellows a device with an air bag that emits a stream of air when /ˈbɛləʊz/ noun
squeezed together with two handles, used for blowing air into
a fire.

Bellwether something that is used as a sign of what will happen in the /ˈbɛlˌwɛðə/ noun
future.
Bemoan to complain or say that you are not happy about something. /bɪˈməʊn/ verb

Beryllium a hard, light metallic element. /bə'rɪlɪəm/ noun

Bespoke (of a product) made specially, according to the needs of an /bɪˈspəʊk/ adjective
individual customer.
Bevy a large group of people or things of the same kind. /ˈbevi/ noun
Bib a piece of cloth or plastic fastened round a child’s neck to keep its /bɪb/ noun
clothes clean while eating.
Bible the Christian scriptures, consisting of the Old and New Testaments. /bʌɪb(ə)l/ noun

Bicarbonate a salt made from carbonic acid containing carbon, /bʌɪ'kɑ:bəneɪt/ noun
hydrogen and oxygen together with another element.

Bicaudal having two tails or tail like appendages. /bʌɪ'kɔ:dəl/ adjective

Bicentenary the two-hundredth anniversary of a significant event. /bʌɪsɛn'ti:nəri/ noun
Biceps any of several muscles having two points of attachment at one end. /bʌɪsɛps/ noun

Bicolour having two colours. /bʌɪkʌlə/ adjective

Biconcave concave on both sides. /bʌɪ'kɒnkeɪv/ adjective
Biculturalis the study or practise of cultural attitudes and customs of two /bʌɪ'kʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l'ɪz(ə)m noun
m nations, peoples, or ethnic groups. /
Bight the middle part of a rope. /bʌɪt/ noun
Bigotry intolerance towards those who hold different opinions from /ˈbɪgətri/ noun
oneself.
Bisection to divide into two parts. /bʌɪ'sɛkʃ(ə)n/ noun

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 Bishop a senior member of the Christian clergy, usually in charge of a /bɪʃəp/ noun
diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.
Bisk a traditional Yazidi ceremony involving the first haircut. /bɪsk/ noun
Bismuth the chemical element of atomic number 83. /bɪzməθ/ noun
Bistate of, relating to, or involving the area where two states adjoin. /bʌɪsteɪt/ adjective

Bistre a brownish-yellow pigment made from the soot of burnt wood. /bɪstə/ noun

Bleating (of a sheep, goat, or calf) making a characteristic weak, /bliːtɪŋ/ verb
wavering cry.
Blessed (in religious language) lucky. /ˈblesɪd/ adjective
Blizzard a snowstorm with very strong winds. /ˈblɪzəd / noun
Bloat make or become swollen with fluid or gas. /bləʊt/ verb

Bloated full of liquid or gas and therefore bigger than normal, in a way /ˈbləʊtɪd/ adjective
that is unpleasant.
Blockade an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people /blɒ'keɪd/ noun
from entering or leaving.
Blooper an embarrassing mistake that you make in public. /ˈbluːpə(r)/ noun
Bloviate talk at length, especially in an inflated or empty way. /bləʊvɪeɪt/ verb
Blowtorch a portable device producing a hot flame which can be directed on /bləʊtɔ:tʃ/ noun
to a surface
Blunder a stupid or careless mistake. /ˈblʌndə(r) / noun
Boisterous noisy, energetic, and cheerful. /ˈbɔɪstərəs -strəs/ adjective
Boondoggle an unnecessary, wasteful, or fraudulent project. /ˈbuːndɒg(ə)l/ noun
Boudoir a woman's private sitting room. /bu:dwɑ:/ noun
Bouffant (of a person’s hair) styled so as to stand out from the head in /ˈbuːfɒŋ/ adjective
a rounded shape.
Boulder a large rock, typically one that has been worn smooth by /ˈbəʊldə/ noun
erosion.
Breach an act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of /bri:tʃ/ noun
conduct.
Breadth the distance or measurement from one side to the other. /bredθ / noun
Breccia rock consisting of angular fragments of stones cemented by finer /brɛtʃə/ noun
calcareous material.

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 Breviary a book containing the service for each day, to be recited by those in /bri:vɪəri/ noun
orders in the Roman Catholic Church.
Brine water strongly impregnated with salt. /braɪn/ noun
Brocade a rich fabric woven with a raised pattern, typically with gold or /brəʊˈkeɪd/ noun
silver thread.
Bruised an injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on the /bruːzd/ adjective
body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood
vessels.
Bucolic relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and country life. /bju:'kɒlɪk/ adjective

Bulbous fat, round, or bulging. /ˈbʌlbəs / adjective

Bulldozer a heavy, driver-operated machine for clearing and grading /ˈbʊlˌdəʊzə/ noun
land, usually having continuous treads and a broad hydraulic
blade in front.
Bumbershoo a name for an umbrella. /bʌmbəʃu:t/ noun
t
Bunglesome awkward to move or use especially because of shape. /bʌŋg(ə)lsʌm/ adjective
Bunglingly to do clumsily and awkwardly. /bʌŋɪŋli / adjective
Burglar a person who enters a building illegally in order to steal. /ˈbɜːɡlə(r) / noun

Burrow to make a hole or a tunnel in the ground by digging. /ˈbʌrəʊ/ verb

Buttress a structure, usually brick or stone, built against a wall for /ˈbʌtrɪs/ noun
support or reinforcement.
Cabbala the ancient Jewish tradition of mystical interpretation of the Bible. /kə'bɑ:lə/ noun

Cabriole (of ballet dance) a jump in which one leg is extended into the air /kabrɪəʊl/ noun
forwards or backwards, the other is brought up to meet it, and the
dancer lands on the second foot.
Calypso a kind of West Indian (originally Trinidadian) music in syncopated /kə'lɪpsəʊ/ noun
African rhythm, typically with words improvised on a topical theme.

Camelot (in Arthurian legend) the place where King Arthur held his /ˈkamɪlɒt/ noun
court.
Cameo a small part in a film/movie or play for a famous actor. /ˈkæmɪˌəʊ/ noun
Cannelloni large tubes of pasta that are served filled with meat or cheese. /ˌkænɪˈləʊnɪ/ noun

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 Canter a pace of a horse or other quadruped between a trot and a gallop. /kantə/ noun

Canthus the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the upper and /ˈkænθəs/ noun
lower lids meet.
Canvassing making a thorough examination or conducting a detailed /ˈkænvəssɪŋ/ verb
discussion.
Capillary any of the smallest tubes in the body that carry blood. /kəˈpɪləri/ noun
Caprice a sudden and unaccountable change of mood or behaviour. /kə'pri:s/ noun
Capsicum the fruit of a tropical American plant, of which sweet peppers /ˈkæpsɪkəm / noun
and chilli peppers are varieties.
Caress a gentle touch or gesture of fondness, tenderness, or love. /kəˈrɛs/ noun

Cascade a waterfall or a series of small waterfalls over steep rocks. /kæsˈkeɪd/ noun

Cashiering a person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a bank, /kæˈʃɪə(r)/ noun
shop/store, hotel, etc.
Casket a small decorated box for holding jewellery or other valuable /ˈkɑːskɪt/ noun
things, especially in the past.
Caterpillar a small creature like a worm with legs, that develops into a /ˈkætəpɪlə(r) / noun
butterfly or moth.
Catharsis the process of releasing strong feelings, for example through /kəˈθɑːsɪs/ noun
plays or other artistic activities, as a way of providing relief
from anger, suffering, etc.

Caustic capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by /ˈkɔːstɪk/ adjective

chemical action.
Cede to give somebody control of something or give them power, a /siːd/ verb
right, etc, especially unwillingly
Celluloid a thin transparent plastic material made in sheets, used in the /ˈsɛljʊˌlɔɪd/ noun
past for cinematographic film.
Cessation bringing or coming to an end; a ceasing. /sɛˈseɪʃən/ noun
Chancery the office or department of a chancellor; a chancellery. /ˈtʃɑːnsərɪ/ noun
Chandler a person or shop/store that sells equipment for ships. /ˈtʃɑːndlə/ noun
Charcoal a black substance made by burning wood slowly in an oven /ˈtʃɑːˌkəʊl/ noun
with little air.

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 Chariot an ancient horse-drawn two-wheeled vehicle used in war, /ˈtʃærɪət/ noun
races, and processions.
Chimney a structure through which smoke or steam is carried up away /ˈtʃɪmni / noun
from a fire, etc. and through the roof of a building.
Chinook a member of an American Indian people originally inhabiting /tʃɪˈnuːk / noun
the region around the Columbia River in Oregon.

Circumspect cautious or prudent. /ˈsɜːkəmˌspɛkt/ adjective

Clandestine kept secret or done secretively, especially because illicit. /klænˈdɛstɪn/ adjective

Cloisonné decorative work in which enamel, glass, or gemstones are /klwɑːˈzɒneɪ/ noun
separated by strips of flattened wire placed edgeways on a
metal backing.
Cocoon a covering of silk threads that some insects make to protect /kəˈkuːn/ noun
themselves before they become adults.
Contemporar living, occurring, or originating at the same time. /kənˈtemprəri/ adjective
y
Contour an outline representing or bounding the shape or form of /ˈkɒntʊə(r) / noun
something.
Contraband goods that are illegally taken into or out of a country. /ˈkɒntrəbænd/ noun
Contuse injure (a part of the body) without breaking the skin, forming /kənˈtjuːz/ verb
a bruise.
Coolie an unskilled native labourer in India, China, and some other /ˈkuːlɪ/ noun
Asian countries.
Coparent (especially of a separated or unmarried couple) share the duties of /kəʊpɛ:r(ə)nt/ verb
bringing up (a child).

Copier a machine that makes exact copies of something, especially /kɒpɪə/ noun
documents, video or audio recordings, or software.

Copyright the exclusive and assignable legal right, given to the originator for a /kɒpɪrʌɪt/ noun
fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record
literary, artistic, or musical material.

Coquet behave flirtatiously; flirt. /kɒ'kɛt/ verb

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 Coquille a city that is the county seat of Coos County, Oregon, United States. /koʊ'ki:l/ noun

Cordovan a kind of soft leather made originally from goatskin and now /ˈkɔːdəvən/ noun
from horse hide.
Coriander an aromatic Mediterranean plant of the parsley family, the /ˌkɒrɪˈændə/ noun
leaves and seeds of which are used as culinary herbs.

Corporeal relating to a person’s body, especially as opposed to their /kɔːˈpɔːrɪəl/ adjective

spirit.
Cosmic relating to the universe or cosmos, especially as distinct from the /kɒzmɪk/ adjective
earth.
Cossack a member of a people of Ukraine and southern Russia, noted /ˈkɒsæk/ noun
for their horsemanship and military skill.
Costume a set of clothes in a style typical of a particular country or historical /kɒstju:m/ noun
period or worn by an actor or performer for a particular role.

Cosy giving a feeling of comfort, warmth, and relaxation. /kəʊzi/ adjective

Cotidal indicating coincidence of high tides or low tides. /kəʊtʌɪd(ə)l/ adjective
Cottage a small house, typically one in the country. /kɒtɪdʒ/ noun
Courteous polite, especially in a way that shows respect. /ˈkɜːtiəs/ adjective
Crayon a coloured pencil or stick of soft coloured chalk or wax, used /ˈkreɪən/ adjective
for drawing
Crease an untidy line that is made in cloth or paper when it is pressed /kriːs/ noun
or crushed.
Credential a qualification, achievement, quality, or aspect of a person’s /krəˈdenʃl/ verb
background, especially when used to indicate their suitability
for something.
Credulous having or showing too great a readiness to believe things. /ˈkrɛdjʊləs/ adjective

Creed a system of religious belief; a faith. /kriːd/ noun

Crescendo music a gradual increase in loudness in a piece of music. /krɪˈʃɛndəʊ/ noun

Crony a person that somebody spends a lot of time with. /ˈkrəʊni/ noun
Crooner a singer, typically a male one, who sings sentimental songs in a soft, /kru:nə(r)/ noun
low voice.

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 Crucible a ceramic or metal container in which metals or other /ˈkruːsɪbl/ noun
substances may be melted or subjected to very high
temperatures.
Cruiser a relatively fast warship larger than a destroyer and less heavily /kru:zə/ noun
armed than a battleship.
Cubbyhole a small room or a small space. /ˈkʌbihəʊl/ noun
Cynosure a person or thing that is the centre of attention or admiration. /ˈsɪnəzjʊə(r), noun
ˈsaɪnəzjʊə(r) /
Czar an emperor of Russia before 1917. /zɑ:/ noun
Dab press against (something) lightly several times with a piece of /dab/ verb
absorbent material in order to clean or dry it or to apply a
substance.
Dabchick small grebe (waterbird). /dabtʃɪk/ noun
Daboia large Indian viper, also known as Russell's viper. /də'bȯ i'ə/ noun
Dacoitage robbery by gang or mob. /də'kɔɪtɪdʒ/ noun
Dactylist one who writes poetry in dactyls. /dæktɪlɪst/ noun
Damascene decorate or engrave metal with wavy lines and patterns. /daməsi:n/ verb
Damask fine lustrous fabric with flat patterns and a satin weave. /daməsk/ noun
Dammar hard resin used in making varnish. /damə/ noun
Damnification causation of injury or loss. /damnɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Dapifer one who brings meat to the table. /dæpɪfə/ noun
Darbies handcuffs. /dɑ:bɪz/ noun
Darby large trowel for levelling concrete or plaster. /dɑ:bi/ noun
Dauber an unskilled painter. /dɔːbə/ noun
Decalvant removing hair; depilatory. /de:kal′vant/ adjective
Decamerous having parts in tens. /dɪ'kæmərəs/ adjective
Decanal related to or located on south side of the choir in a church. /dɪ'keɪn(ə)l, adjective
dɛk(ə)n(ə)l/
Decession withdrawal or departure. /də̇'seʃ(ə)n/ noun
Decimestrial lasting ten months. /dɛsimɛstrɪəl/ adjective
Deckle a device in a papermaking machine for limiting the size of the sheet. /dɛk(ə)l/ noun

Decoct extract the essence from (something) by heating or boiling it. /dɪˈkɒkt/ verb

Décolletage a low neckline on a woman’s dress or top. /ˌdeɪkɒlˈtɑːʒ/ noun

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 Decoy an animal or a bird, or a model of one, that attracts other /ˈdiːkɔɪ/ noun
animals or birds, especially so that they can be shot by people
who are hunting them.
Decumbiture confinement to a sick bed, or time of taking to one's bed from sickn /dɪ'kʌmbətj(ʊ)ə/ noun
ess.
Decurrent extending or running downwards. /dɪ'kʌr(ə)nt/ adjective
Decurtate to curtail, shorten or abbreviate. /də̇'kərteɪt/ verb
Decussate to divide in the form of an X; to cross or intersect. /dɪ'kʌseɪt, dɛkəseɪt / verb
Dedans spectators at a court tennis match. /də'dɒ̃ / noun
Dedition the act of yielding; surrender. /dɪ'dɪʃ(ə)n/ verb
Deductivism belief in the superiority of deduction over induction. /dɪ'dʌktɪvɪz(ə)m/ noun
Defame to harm somebody by saying or writing bad or false things /dɪˈfeɪm/ verb
about them.
Deglutition the power or act of swallowing. /di:glu:'tɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Deleterious harmful to body or mind. /dɛlɪ'tɪərɪəs/ adjective
Delf a mine; a quarry. /dɛlf/ noun
Delibate to sip. /delɪ'beɪt/ verb
Deligation a binding up; a bandaging. /delɪ'ɡeɪʃən/ noun
Deliquesce to melt into liquid by absorbing moisture. /dɛlɪ'kwɛs/ verb
Deliration aberration of mind; delirium. /dɛlɪ'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Delirifacient producing or creating delirium. /dɪ'lɪrɪ'feɪʃənt/ adjective
Delitescent latent. /dɛlitɪ'sɛnt / adjective
Deloo north African antelope. /dɛlu:/ noun
Delope to fire one's gun into the air in a duel. /dɪləʊp/ verb
Delphi deliberately hidden or difficult to understand /ˈdelfɪk/ noun
Demagogue a political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular /ˈdɛməˌɡɒɡ/ noun
desires and prejudices rather than by using rational argument.

Demarche a political step or initiative. /demarʃ/ noun

Demeaning putting somebody in a position that does not give them the /dɪˈmiːnɪŋ / adjective
respect that they should have.
Demurral the action of raising objections or showing reluctance. /dɪˈməːr(ə)l/ noun
Demurrer an objection granting the factual basis of an opponent’s point /dɪˈməːrə/ noun
but dismissing it as irrelevant or invalid.

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 Dengue a disease caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes, that is /ˈdeŋɡi/ noun
found in tropical areas and causes fever and severe pain in the
joints.
Deskilling reduce the level of skill required to carry out (a job). /diːˈskɪlɪŋ/ verb

Diamine a compound whose molecule contains two amino groups, especially /dʌɪ'eɪmi:n/ noun
when not part of amide groups.
Diastema a gap between a person’s two upper front teeth. /dʌɪə'sti:mə/ noun
Diastomatic moving through the pores. /dʌɪə'stə'matɪk adjective
/
Diastrophe upheaval or drastic modification of the earth's crust. /dʌɪə'strəfi/ adjective
Dichotomous exhibiting or characterised by dichotomy. /dʌɪˈkɒtəməs/ adjective
Diesel a type of heavy oil used as a fuel instead of petrol/gas. /ˈdiːzl/ noun
Diminutive very small. /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/ adjective
Din a loud, unpleasant noise that lasts for a long time. /dɪn/ noun
Dirndl a full, wide skirt with a tight waistband. /ˈdɜːndl/ noun
Discrepancy a difference between two or more things that should be the /dɪsˈkrepənsi/ noun
same.
Distillery a place where spirits are manufactured. /dɪˈstɪlərɪ/ noun
Docility quiet and easy to control. /ˈdəʊˈsɪlɪti/ noun
Doodle scribble absent-mindedly. /ˈduːdl/ verb
Dough a thick, malleable mixture of flour and liquid, used for baking /dəʊ/ noun
into bread or pastry.
Ductile that can be made into a thin wire. /ˈdʌktaɪl/ adjective
Dulcet sounding sweet and pleasant /ˈdʌlsɪt/ adjective
Dungaree a sturdy, often blue denim fabric. /ˌdʌŋɡəˈriː/ noun
Dungeon a dark, often underground chamber or cell used to confine /ˈdʌndʒən/ noun
prisoners.
Duress threats or force that are used to make somebody do /djuˈres / noun
something.
Duvetyn smooth lustrous velvety fabric. /du:'və'ti:n/ noun
Dwale a sleeping potion; an opiate. /dweɪl/ noun
Dwile floorcloth or mop. /dwʌɪl / noun
Dyke a channel that carries water away from the land. /daɪk/ noun

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 Dystocia difficult birth, typically caused by a /dɪs'təʊʃə/ noun
large or awkwardly positioned fetus.
Ebberman one who fishes under bridges. /ɛbə'man/ noun
Ebeneous like or resembling ebony. /ɛb(ə)nɪəs/ noun
Ecbolic a drug or agent that hastens labour. /ɛk'bɒlɪk/ adjective
Eccaleobion incubator. /e,kælɪəʊ'baɪɒn/ noun
Eccrinology study of excretion. /ɛkrɪ'nɒlədʒɪ/ noun
Ecdemic not endemic; of foreign origin. /ɛk'dɛmɪk/ adjective
Echinate like a hedgehog; prickly. /ɛkɪ,neɪt/ adjective
Eclipsis omission of sounds or words in speech. /ɪ'klɪpsɪs / noun

Ecliptic imaginary circle which the sun follows from Earth perspective. /ɪ'klɪptɪk/ noun

Eclogue pastoral or rustic poem. /ɛklɒɡ/ noun

Edaphology study of soils. /edə'fɒlədʒɪ/ noun
Edentate toothless; without teeth; pertaining to anteaters and sloths. /i:'dɛnteɪt/ adjective

Effeminate looking, behaving or sounding like a woman or a girl. /ɪˈfemɪnət / adjective

Effigurate having a definite shape. /ɪ,fɪɡə'reɪt/ adjective
Effleurage stroking movement in massage. /ɛflə:'rɑ'ʒ/ noun
Effluvium invisible emanation; offensive exhalation or smell. /ɪ'flu:vɪəm/ noun
Effulgent shining brightly; radiant. /ɪ'fʌldʒ(ə)nt/ adjective
Effusiometer instrument for comparing molecular weights of gases. /ɪ,fju:zɪ'ɒmɪtə / noun
Egence the state of needing, or of suffering a natural want. /i:dʒəns/ noun
Egestion the removal of materials from the body. /ɪ'dʒestʃən/ noun
Eidolon image, phantom or apparition; confusing reflected image. /ʌɪ'dəʊlɒn/ noun
Eigne eldest; firstborn. /eɪn/ noun
Electrometer instrument for measuring electrical potential. /ɪlɛk'trɒmɪtə/ noun
Elide omit; ignore; suppress or abridge. /ɪ'lʌɪd/ verb
Elixir a magical or medicinal potion. /ɪˈlɪksə/ noun
Eluate a solution of adsorbed material in the eluent obtained during the /ɛlju:'eɪt/ noun
process of elution.
Embrangle to confuse or perplex. /ɪm'bræŋɡəl/ verb
Embrocate to moisten and rub with a lotion. /ɛmbrəkeɪt/ verb
Embryogenesis production of an embryo. /ɛmbrɪə(ʊ)'dʒɛnɪsɪs/ noun
Page | 12
 Emulge to milk or drain out. /ɪ'mʌldʒ/ verb
Emulsification the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, uniformly /ɪˈmʌlsɪˌfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
distributed particles.
Emunctory of or relating to a bodily organ or duct having an excretory function. /ɪ'mʌŋktərɪ/ adjective

Enchant fill (someone) with great delight; charm. /ɪnˈtʃɑːnt/ verb

Enounce to enunciate; to proclaim. /ɪ'naʊns/ verb
Enow enough. /ɪ'naʊ/ adjective
Ensanguine to cover with blood. /ɪn'sæŋɡwɪn/ verb
Ensiform resembling or possessing characteristics of a sword. /ɛnsɪfɔ:m/ adjective
Ensign a flag flown by a ship, branch of the armed forces, etc, to /ˈensaɪn/ noun
indicate nationality, allegiance, etc.
Entrails the organs inside the body of a person or an animal, especially /ˈentreɪlz/ noun
their intestines.
Entree (in a restaurant or at a formal meal) the main dish of the meal /ˈɒntreɪ / noun
or a dish served before the main course.

Eolith stone naturally formed but thought to be manufactured. /i:ə(ʊ)lɪθ/ noun

Eonism adoption by a male of female dress and manner. /i:ə'nɪzəm/ noun
Eosophobia fear of dawn. /i:ə(ʊ)sə'fəʊbɪə/ noun
Epoch a point in time beginning a new or distinctive period. /ˈiːpɒk/ noun
Epulation feasting. /epju:'leɪʃən/ noun

Epulotic substance encouraging growth of scar tissue. /epju:'lɒtɪk/ noun

Equestrian of or relating to horses and riding. /ɪˈkwɛstrɪən/ adjective

Equiparate to regard or treat as equal. /ɪ'kwɪpərət/ verb
Equipotent equivalent in power or effect. /i:kwɪ'pəʊtənt/ adjective
Ergatocracy government by the workers or the working class. /ɜ:ɡə'tɒkrəsɪ/ noun
Ergo therefore; hence. /ə:gəʊ/ adverb
Eructate to belch out; to emit lava. /I:rʌk'teɪt/ verb
Erumpent bursting out; bursting forth. /I'rəmpənt/ adjective
Estranged separated and living apart from one's spouse. /ɪˈstreɪndʒd / adjective
Euphuism high-flown and affected style of writing. /ju:fjʊɪz(ə)m/ noun
Evangelist a person who tries to persuade people to become Christians, /ɪˈvændʒɪlɪst/ noun
especially by travelling around.
Page | 13
 Eversion turning inside out or outwards. /ɪ,və:ʃ(ə)n/ noun
Evince indicate or exhibit. /ɪ'vɪns/ verb
Ewe a female sheep. /juː/ noun
Excubant on guard. /ekskju:bənt/ adjective
Excursive constituting a digression. /ɪk'skə:sɪv/ɛk'skə:sɪv/ adjective
Exile the state of being sent to live in another country that is not /ˈeksaɪl / noun
your own, especially for political reasons or as a punishment.

Exquisite possessing qualities of unusual delicacy and fine /ɪkˈskwɪzɪt / adjective

craftsmanship.
Exuviate to cast off or shed. /ɪg'zju:vɪeɪt/ verb
Fabulist one who invents fables. /fæbjʊlɪst/ noun
Facture workmanship; the products of making. /fæktʃə/ noun
Falconer a person who keeps, trains, or hunts with falcons, hawks, or other /fɒlk(ə)nə/ noun
birds of prey.
Falconry the art of keeping falcons and training them to return from /ˈfɔːlkənrɪ / noun
flight to a lure or to hunt quarry.
Falsetto a form of vocal production used by male singers to extend /fɔːlˈsɛtəʊ/ noun
their range upwards beyond its natural compass by limiting
the vibration of the vocal cords.
Familistic pertaining to a family; domestic. /fæmɪ'lɪstɪk/ adjective

Fane a temple or shrine. /feɪn/ noun

Favela a Brazilian shack or shanty town; a slum. /fa'vɛlə/ noun
Fealty a feudal tenant’s or vassal’s sworn loyalty to a lord. /fi'əlti/ noun
Feckless having a weak character; not behaving in a responsible way. /fɛklɪs/ adjective
Feculent covered with filth; filthy. /fɛkjʊlənt / adjective
Feisty lively, resilient, and self-reliant. /ˈfaɪstɪ/ adjective
Felicific (of philosophy) making or tending to make happy. /fi'lɪ'sɪfɪk/ adjective
Fellow a way of referring to a man or boy. /ˈfeləʊ/ noun
Felony the act of committing a serious crime such as murder or rape; /ˈfeləni / noun
a crime of this type.
Feral living wild, especially after escaping from life as a pet or on a /ˈferəl/ adjective
farm.
Feticide the destruction of a fetus in the uterus; aborticide. /fi:tɪ'saɪd/ noun

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 Fibrous consisting of or characterized by fibres. /fʌɪbrəs/ adjective
Fictile capable of being moulded; of, like or pertaining to pottery. /fɪktʌɪl/ adjective
Fictionalise the inventing of fiction on purpose. /fɪkʃənlʌɪz/ verb
Fictor sculptor; one who makes images from clay. /fɪktə/ noun
Fiddle any instrument of the viol or violin family, esp the violin. /ˈfɪdəl/ noun
Fiddler a person who cheats or swindles, especially one indulging in petty /fɪdlə/ noun
theft.
Filigree ornamental work of fine (typically gold or silver) wire formed /ˈfɪlɪˌɡriː/ noun
into delicate tracery.
Filly a female horse or pony under the age of four. /ˈfɪlɪ/ noun
Fissure a long deep crack in something, especially in rock or in the /ˈfɪʃə(r)/ noun
earth.
Fjord (esp on the coast of Norway) a long narrow inlet of the sea /fjɔːd/ noun
between high steep cliffs formed by glacial action.
Flabby lacking firmness; loose or yielding. /ˈflæbɪ/ adjective
Flatulence suffering from or caused by an excessive amount of gas in the /ˈflætjʊlənt/ adjective
alimentary canal, producing uncomfortable distension.

Flavescent yellowish or turning yellow. /flə'vɛsənt / adjective

Fleece the coat of wool that covers the body of a sheep or similar /fliːs/ noun
animal and consists of a mass of crinkly hair
Foible a minor weakness or eccentricity in someone’s character. /fɔɪb(ə)l/ noun
Foley relating to or concerned with the addition of recorded sound /fəʊli/ noun
effects after the shooting of a film.
Footling inept; trivial. /fu:tlɪŋ/ adjective
Foraminate to pierce. /fɒ'ræmɪ,neɪtɪd/ adjective

Forte a thing at which someone excels. /fɔ:teɪ/ noun

Fossil the remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal /ˈfɒsəl/ noun
embedded in rock and preserved in petrified for.
Fracas a noisy quarrel; brawl. /ˈfrækɑː/ noun
Freestone building stone difficult to split into layers. /fri:stəʊn/ noun
Freighter a ship or aircraft designed for transporting cargo. /ˈfreɪtə/ noun
Fremescent rumbling; beginning to roar. /frə:mesənt/ adjective
Fremitus vibration; rumbling. /frɛmɪtəs/ noun

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 Frescade a cool walk; cool or shady place. /fres'keɪd/ noun
Friar a member of any of certain religious orders of men, especially /ˈfraɪə/ noun
the four mendicant orders (Augustinians, Carmelites,
Dominicans, and Franciscans).
Fulvous of a dull brownish-yellow colour; tawny. /ˈfʌlvəs ˈfʊl-/ adjective
Furnace an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to generate /ˈfɜːnɪs/ noun
steam, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.

Fussy very particular about detail. /ˈfʌsɪ/ adjective

Fusty smelling of damp or mould; musty. /ˈfʌstɪ/ adjective
Futility lack of effectiveness or success. /fjuːˈtɪlɪtɪ/ noun
Gallantry courageous behaviour, especially in battle. /galəntri/ noun
Galley any of various kinds of ship propelled by oars or sails used in /ˈɡælɪ/ noun
ancient or medieval times as a warship or as a trade.

Gallop (of a horse or other quadruped) to run fast with a two-beat /ˈɡæləp/ verb
stride in which all four legs are off the ground at once.

Galluses braces for a person’s trousers. /ˈgaləsɪz/ noun

Gantry a bridgelike framework used to support a travelling crane, /ˈɡæntrɪ/ noun
signals over a railway track, etc.
Garnish to decorate; trim. /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/ verb
Gauntlet a medieval armoured leather glove. /ˈɡɔːntlɪt/ noun
Gawk stare openly and stupidly. /gɔ:k/ verb
Gazelle any small graceful usually fawn-coloured antelope of the /ɡəˈzɛl/ noun
generaGazella and Procapra.
Geezer a man. /ˈɡiːzə/ noun
Gelding a castrated male horse. /ˈɡɛldɪŋ/ noun
Genie a spirit of Arabian folklore, as depicted traditionally imprisoned /dʒi:ni/ noun
within a bottle or oil lamp, and capable of granting wishes when
summoned.

Ghillie a low-cut, tongueless shoe. /ɡɪlɪ / noun

Gingivitis inflammation of the gums. /ˌdʒɪndʒɪˈvaɪtɪs/ noun

Page | 16
 Glabella a smooth elevation of the frontal bone just above the bridge of the /ɡlə'bɛlə / noun
nose.
Glabrate (biology) without hair or a similar growth; smooth. /ɡleɪbreɪt/ adjective
Glacial relating to or denoting the presence or agency of ice, especially in /ɡleɪsɪəl / adjective
the form of glaciers.
Glaciological Relating to the study of the internal dynamics and effects of /gleɪsɪ'ɒlədʒik(ə)l/ adjective
glaciers.
Gladiator (in ancient Rome) a man trained to fight with weapons against /gladɪeɪtə/ noun
other men or wild animals in an arena.
Glaive a sword. /gleɪv/ noun
Glandiferous bearing nuts or acorns. /ɡlæn'dɪfərəs/ adjective
Glassblower person who makes glassware by blowing air into semi-molten glass /ɡlɑ:s'bləʊə/ noun
through a long tube.
Glaucescence the state of having bluish green colouration. /ɡlɔ:'sesəns/ noun
Glaucoma a condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing /glɔ:'kəʊmə/ noun
gradual loss of sight.
Gluttony the act or practise of eating to excess. /ˈɡlʌtənɪ/ noun
Glyph a pictograph or hieroglyph. /glɪf/ noun
Gobble eat (something) hurriedly and noisily. /gɒb(ə)l/ verb
Godetia a North American plant with showy lilac to red flowers. /gə(ʊ)'di:ʃə/ noun
Golliwog a soft doll with bright clothes, a black face, and fuzzy hair. /gɒlɪwɒg/ noun
Gorilla a powerfully built great ape with a large head and short neck, found /gə'rɪlə/ noun
in the forests of central Africa.
Graffiti drawings, messages, etc, often obscene, scribbled on the walls /ɡræˈfiːtiː/ noun
of public lavatories, advertising posters, etc.
Grandeur personal greatness, esp when based on dignity, character, or /ˈɡrændʒə/ noun
accomplishments.
Grapevine a vine native to both Eurasia and North America, especially one /greɪpvʌɪn/ noun
bearing grapes used for eating or wine making.
Grimace an ugly, twisted expression on a person’s face, typically expressing /grɪməs/ noun
disgust, pain, or wry amusement.
Groovy (informal) fashionable and exciting. /ˈɡruːvɪ/ adjective
Grubber a person who is determined to acquire or amass something, /grʌbə/ noun
especially in an unscrupulous manner.
Grudge a persistent feeling of resentment, especially one due to some /ɡrʌdʒ/ noun
cause, such as an insult or injury.
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 Grumpy bad-tempered and sulky. /grʌmpi/ adjective

Guerilla a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular /gə'rɪlə/ noun
fighting, typically against larger regular force.
Guffaw a loud and hearty laugh. /gə'fɔ:/ noun
Guillemot a seabird of Northern waters. /gɪlɪmɒt/ noun
Gurgle make a hollow bubbling sound like that made by water running out /gə:g(ə)l/ verb
of a bottle.
Gusset an inset piece of material used especially to strengthen or /ˈɡʌsɪt/ noun
enlarge a garment.
Gutsy having or showing courage, determination, and spirit. /gʌtsi/ adjective
Gyve a shackle for the leg. /dʒʌɪv/gʌɪv / noun
Habiliments clothing. /hə'bɪlɪm(ə)nt/ noun
Hackamore a simple, looped bridle for a horse. /hakəmɔ:/ noun
Haka a Maori ceremonial war dance involving chanting, an imitation of /hɑ:kə/ noun
which is performed by New Zealand rugby teams before a match.

Halophyte a plant that thrives in saline soil. /haləfʌɪt/ noun

Hammock a bed made of canvas or rope mesh suspended from two supports /hamək/ noun
by cords at both ends.
Handbreadth a unit of linear measure. /hænd'brɛtθ/ noun
Hartebeest a large African antelope. /hɑ:tɪbi:st/ noun
Haveli a mansion. /hʌvə'li/ noun
Hawaiian of or relating to Hawaii, its people, or their language. /həˈwaɪən/ adjective
Hawk a strong fast bird of prey. /hɔ:k/ noun
Heishi a bead made by American Indians of disk-shaped shells, /ˈhēshē/ noun
turquoise, or coral or of silver tubes.
Heist a robbery. /haɪst/ noun
Hemangioma a benign tumour of blood vessels, often forming a red birthmark. /hi:mandʒɪ'əʊmə/ noun

Hematocrit the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of /hi:mətə(ʊ)krɪt/ noun
blood.
Hematologic relating to the branch of medicine involving study and treatment of /hi:mə'tɒlədʒik/ adjective
the blood.

Page | 18
 Hematoxylin a colourless compound present in logwood, which is easily /hi:mə'tɒksɪlɪn/ noun
converted into blue, red, or purple dyes and is used as a biological
stain.
Hematozoon a parasitic protozoan that lives in the blood. /hi:mətəʊ'zəʊɒn/ noun
Hemerythrin a type of protein responsible for oxygen transportation in some /hi:mə'rɪθrɪn/ noun
marine invertebrates.
Hemicycle a semicircular shape or structure. /hɛmɪsʌɪk(ə)l/ noun

Hemihydrate a crystalline hydrate containing one molecule of water for every /hɛmɪ'hʌɪdreɪt/ noun
two molecules of the compound in question.
Henceforth from this or that time on. /hɛns'fɔ:θ/ adverb
Hendiadys The expression of a single idea by two words connected with ‘and’, /hɛn'daɪədɪs/ noun
e.g. nice and warm, when one could be used to modify the other, as
in nicely warm.
Henge a prehistoric monument consisting of a circle of stone or wooden /hɛn(d)ʒ/ noun
uprights.
Henna a reddish-brown dye made from the powdered leaves of a tropical /hɛnə/ noun
shrub, used to colour the hair and decorate the body.

Henotheism adherence to one particular good out of several, especially by a /hɛnəʊ,θi:ɪz(ə)m/ noun
family, tribe, or other group.
Henpeck (of a woman) continually criticise and order about (her husband or /hɛnpɛk/ verb
other male partner).
Herbage plants in general, especially grass that is grown for cows, etc. to eat. /hə:bɪdʒ/ noun

Hereditament any kind of property capable of being inherited. /ˌhɛrɪˈdɪtəmənt/ noun

Hieroglyphic the pictograph type of script used by Egypt. /hʌɪrə'glɪfɪk/ noun
Hirsute hairy or shaggy. /hə:sju:t/ adjective
Hittites a member of an ancient people who established an empire in /ˈhɪtaɪt/ noun
Asia Minor and Syria.
Hoatzin a blue-faced bird of the Amazon forests. /həʊ'atsɪn/ noun
Hootenanny a social gathering featuring folk singing. /hu:t(ə)'nani/ noun
Horripilation the erection of hairs on the skin due to cold, fear, or excitement. /hɒ,rɪpɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Hosiery stockings, socks, and knitted underclothing collectively. /ˈhəʊzɪərɪ/ noun

Hotelier an owner or manager of one or more hotels. /həʊˈtɛljeɪ/ noun

Page | 19
 Hottentot offensive. /ˈhɒtəntɒt/ noun
Howdah a seat placed on the back of an elephant. /haʊdə/ noun
Hoyden another name for a tomboy. /hɔɪd(ə)n/ noun
Hydrangea a plant with showy flower clusters. /hʌɪ'dreɪn(d)ʒə/ noun
Hydrofluoric of or derived from hydrofluoric acid. /hʌɪdrə(ʊ)'flʊərɪk/ adjective
Hyena a doglike carnivore of Africa. /hʌɪ'i:nə/ noun
Hymn a Christian song of praise sung to God or a saint. /hɪm/ noun
Hyperpyrexia an abnormally high fever. /haɪpəpaɪ'rɛksɪə/ noun
Hypnotise to put into the hypnotic state. /hɪpnətʌɪz/ verb
Ichneumon is also called the African mongoose. /ɪk'nju:mən/ noun
Ichthyophagis a person who subsists on fish. /ɪkθɪ'ɒfədʒɪst/ noun
t

Immutable unchanging through time; unalterable; ageless: immutable /ɪˈmjuːtəbəl/ adjective

laws.
Impediment a hindrance or obstruction. /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/ noun
Imprecise not precise or exact. /ɪmprɪ'sʌɪs/ adjective
Incense any of various aromatic substances burnt for their fragrant /ˈɪnsɛns/ noun
odour, esp in religious ceremonies.
Incise means to cut into. /ɪn'sʌɪz/ verb
Indoctrinated taught (a person or group of people) systematically to accept /ɪnˈdɒktrɪneɪt/ adjective
doctrines, uncritically.
Inflammation the reaction of living tissue to injury or infection, /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən/ noun
characterised by heat, redness, swelling, and pain.
Inhalation the action of inhaling or breathing in. /ˌɪnhəˈleɪʃn/ noun
Iniquitous wicked, sinful. /ɪ'nɪkwɪtəs/ adjective
Inscrutable incapable of being investigated or analyzed. /ɪn'skru:təb(ə)l/ adjective
Insomnolence sleeplessness. /ɪn'sɒmnələns/ noun
Intermezzo a short musical entertainment, between the acts of a drama or /ɪntə'mɛtsəʊ/ noun
opera.
Invertebrate any animal lacking a backbone, including all species not /ɪnˈvɜːtɪbrət/ noun
classified as vertebrates.
Invincible too powerful to be defeated or overcome. /ɪnˈvɪnsəbl/ adjective
Iracund having a tendency to be easily angered; irascible. /ʌɪrəkʌnd/ adjective
Irade a written decree of the sultan of Turkey. /ɪ'rɑ:di/ noun

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 Irate feeling or characterised by great anger. /ʌɪ'reɪt/ adjective
Ireful very angry. /ʌɪəfʊl/ adjective
Iridescent showing luminous colours that seem to change when seen from /ɪrɪ'dɛs(ə)nt/ adjective
different angle.
Iridium the chemical element of atomic number 77, a hard, dense /ɪ'rɪdɪəm/ noun
silverywhite metal.
Iridologist (in alternative medicine) person who makes diagnosis by /ʌɪrɪ'dɒlədʒist/ɪrɪ'dɒlə noun
examination of the iris of the eye. dʒist/
Iris a flat, coloured, ring-shaped membrane behind the cornea of the /ʌɪrɪs/ noun
eye, with an adjustable circular opening (pupil) in the centre.

Iroko a tropical African tree which yields pale timber that is sometimes /ɪ'rəʊkəʊ/ noun
used as an oak or teak substitute.
Ironbound bound with iron. /ʌɪən,baʊnd/ adjective
Ironclad covered or protected with iron; impossible to contradict, weaken, /ʌɪən'klad/ adjective
or change.
Ironhearted hard hearted. /ʌɪən'hɑ:tɪd/ adjective
Jacana long-toed tropical freshwater wading bird. /dʒakənə/dʒasə'nɑ:/ noun

Jacent lying flat; sluggish. /dʒeɪsənt/ adjective

Jactitation a tossing, twitching or jerking of the body; a false claim. /dʒaktɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Jaculation the act of throwing or hurling. /dʒækjʊ'leɪʃən/ noun
Jauk (Scottish) to dawdle or waste time. /dʒɔ:k/ verb
Jennet a small Spanish riding horse. /ˈdʒɛnɪt/ noun
Jive fast dance done to jazz or swing music. /dʒʌɪv/ noun
Jobation tedious scolding. /dʒəʊ'beɪʃən/ noun
Jurisprudence the science or philosophy of law. /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈpruːdns/ noun
Kepi a French military cap. /kɛpi/ noun
Khmer a native or inhabitant of Cambodia. /kmɛə; kmɜː/ noun
Kiln a large oven for burning, drying, or processing something, /kɪln/ noun
such as porcelain or bricks.
Kilt a knee-length pleated skirt-like garment, esp one in tartan, as /kɪlt/ noun
worn by men in Highland dress.
Klaxon a loud, electric horn. /klaks(ə)n/ noun
Klieg a powerful type of arc light once used in the movies. /kli:g/ noun

Page | 21
 Larrup thrash or whip (a person or animal). /larəp/ verb
Lasso a rope with a noose at one end, used especially in North America for /lə'su: / lasəʊ/ noun
catching cattle.
Licit legal or lawful. /lɪsɪt/ adjective
Limn to represent in drawing or painting or words. /lɪm/ verb
Littoral of or relating to the shore of a sea, lake, or ocean. /ˈlɪtərəl/ adjective
Loafer a person who avoids work; idler. /ˈləʊfə/ noun
Lollipop a boiled sweet or toffee stuck on a small wooden stick. /ˈlɒlɪˌpɒp/ noun
Lozenges medicated tablets held in the mouth until it has dissolved. /ˈlɒzɪndʒ/ noun

Lumberjack a person whose work involves felling trees, transporting the /ˈlʌmbəˌdʒæk/ noun
timber, etc.
Lymph a colourless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes /lɪmf/ noun
the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the
bloodstream.
Lyrics the words of a popular song. /ˈlɪrɪks/ noun
Macramé a type of ornamental work made by knotting and weaving /məˈkrɑːmɪ/ noun
coarse thread into a pattern.
Malignancy the state or quality of being malignant. /məˈlɪɡnənsɪ/ noun
Malignity the condition or quality of being malign, malevolent, or /məˈlɪɡnɪtɪ/ noun
deadly.
Manatee an aquatic mammal of coastal waters, with two front flippers and a /manə'ti:/manəti:/ noun
broad, spoon-shaped tail.

Mandolin a musical instrument resembling a lute, having paired metal /ˌmændəˈlɪn/ noun
strings plucked with a plectrum. It has a characteristic tremolo
when sustaining long notes.
Maraud go about in search of things to steal or people to attack. /mə'rɔ:d/ verb
Marmalade a preserve made by boiling the pulp and rind of citrus fruits, /ˈmɑːməˌleɪd/ noun
especially oranges, with sugar.
Marooned left ashore and abandoned, especially on an island. /məˈruːnd/ adjective
Marquee a large tent used for entertainment, exhibition, etc. /mɑːˈkiː/ noun
Marquis a nobleman ranking above a count and below a duke. /ˈmɑːkwɪs/ noun
Marten an animal of northern forests. /mɑ:tɪn/ noun
Mastiff a large, powerful, short-haired dog. /mastɪf/mɑ:stɪf/ noun

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 Matador the principal bullfighter who is appointed to kill the bull. /ˈmætədɔː/ noun
Matriarch the female head of a tribal or family line. /meɪtrɪɑ:k/ noun
Mawkishness falsely sentimental, especially in a weak or maudlin way. /ˈmɔːkɪʃnɪs/ noun

Meme an idea or element of social behaviour passed on through /miːm/ noun

generations in a culture, esp by imitation.
Memento something that reminds one of past events; souvenir. /mɪˈmɛntəʊ/ noun
Menace something that threatens to cause harm or evil. /mɛnəs/ noun
Merengue a Caribbean style of dance music, typically in duple and triple /məˈrɛŋgeɪ/ noun
time.
Mesmerise to have such a strong effect on you that you cannot give your /mɛzmərʌɪz/ verb
attention to anything else.
Metamorphos to change the form or nature of, to transform. /mɛtə'mɔ:fəʊz/ verb
e
Microcosm a world in miniature. /mʌɪkrə(ʊ)kɒz(ə)m/ noun
Mitten a glove having one section for the thumb and a single section /ˈmɪtən/ noun
for the other fingers.
Moccasins a pair of shoes of soft leather, especially deerskin, worn by /ˈmɒkəsɪns/ noun
North American Indians.
Molasses the thick brown uncrystallised bitter syrup obtained from /məˈlæsɪz/ noun
sugar during refining.
Monocoque is a type of aircraft in which the shell carries most of the stresses. /mɒnə(ʊ)kɒk/ noun

Montage the technique of selecting, editing, and piecing together /mɒnˈtɑːʒ/ noun
separate sections of film to form a continuous whole.
Morbidity having or expressing a strong interest in sad or unpleasant /ˈmɔːbɪdɪtɪ/ noun
things, especially disease or death.
Morceau a short literary or musical composition. /mɔ:'səʊ/ noun

Mortarboard a black tasselled academic cap with a flat square top covered /ˈmɔːtəˌbɔːd/ noun
with cloth.
Mote a small particle, as in dust. /məʊt/ noun
Mottle a diversifying spot or blotch of color. /mɒt(ə)l/ noun
Mufti civilian clothes. /mʌfti/ noun
Multiplicand a number to be multiplied by another. /mʌltɪplɪ'kand/mʌltɪplɪ' noun
kand /
Page | 23
 Muse (in Greek and Roman mythology) each of nine goddesses, the /mjuːz/ noun
daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, who preside over the arts
and sciences.
Musketeer a soldier armed with a musket. /ˌmʌskɪˈtɪə/ noun
Mustang a small breed of horse, often wild or half wild, found in the /ˈmʌstæŋ/ noun
southwestern US.
Mutant resulting from or showing the effect of a change in the /ˈmjuːtənt/ adjective
chromosomes or genes of a cell.
Myrrh an aromatic resinous exudation from certain plants. /mə:/ noun
Naphtha a colourless, volatile petroleum distillate. /nafθə/ noun
Nebulous hazy, vague or indistinct. /nɛbjʊləs/ adjective
Née indicating the maiden name of a married woman. /neɪ/ adjective
Neigh to utter the cry of a horse; to whinny. /neɪ/ verb
Nemesis something a person cannot conquer. /nɛmɪsɪs/ noun
Newt a brilliantly coloured salamander. /nju:t/ noun
Nexus a means of connection; a tie; a link. /nɛksəs/ noun
Niche an ornamental recess in a wall. /ni:ʃ/nɪtʃ / noun
Nigh near in space, time or relation. /nʌɪ/ adjective/adve
rb
Nihilistic a complete denial of all established authority and institutions. /ˈnaɪɪˌlɪzəm/ noun

Nonce (of a word or expression) coined for one occasion. /nɒns/ noun
Nonchalant casually unconcerned or indifferent; uninvolved. /ˈnɒnʃələnt/ adjective
Noodle a ribbon-like strip of pasta: noodles are often served in soup /ˈnuːdl/ noun
or with a sauce.
Nostril either of the two external openings of the nose. /ˈnɒstrɪl/ noun
Nouveau newly or recently created, developed, or come to prominence. /nu:vəʊ/nuvo/ adjective

Nymph a spirit of nature envisaged as a beautiful maiden. /nɪmf/ noun

Nympholepsy a state of violent emotion, esp when associated with a desire /ˈnɪmfəˌlɛpsɪ/ noun
for something one cannot have.
Ocher a moderate yellow-orange to orange colour. /ˈəʊkə/ noun

Olfactory relating to the sense of smell. /ɒl'fakt(ə)ri/ adjective

Omniscience infinite knowledge. /ɒm'nɪsɪəns/ noun

Page | 24
 Oncologist the branch of medicine concerned with the study, /ɒŋˈkɒlədʒɪ/ noun
classification, and treatment of tumours.
Opalesce to exhibit a play of colours like that of the opal. /əʊpə'lɛs/ verb
Opinionated holding obstinately and unreasonably to one's own opinions; /əˈpɪnjəˌneɪtɪd/ adjective
dogmatic.
Ordonnance the systematic or orderly arrangement of parts, especially in /ˈɔːdənəns/ noun
art and architecture.
Orifice an opening, particularly one in the body such as a nostril or the /ɒrɪfɪs/ noun
anus.
Origami the Japanese art of folding paper into decorative shapes and /ɒrɪ'gɑ:mi/ noun
figures.
Ornithologist the study of birds, including their physiology, classification, /ˌɔːnɪˈθɒlədʒɪ/ noun
ecology, and behaviour.
Orwellian used to describe a political system in which a government /ˈɔːwɛlɪən/ adjective
tries to have complete control over people's behaviour and
thoughts.
Ostracism exclusion from social acceptance. /ɒstrəsɪz(ə)m/ noun
Oxymoron a seemingly contradictory figure of speech, like cruel kindness. /ɒksɪ'mɔ:rɒn/ noun

Paladin a knightly champion. /ˈpælədɪn/ noun

Pallbearer a person who carries or escorts the coffin at a funeral. /ˈpɔːlˌbɛərə/ noun
Papyrus a tall, aquatic plant, native to the Nile valley. /pə'pʌɪrəs/ noun
Paraffin colourless, flammable, oily liquid used as fuel, especially /ˈpærəfɪn/ noun
kerosene.
Parapet low wall or railing along the edge of a balcony, roof, etc. /ˈpærəpɪt / ˈpærəpet/ noun

Parchment the skin of certain animals, such as sheep, treated to form a /ˈpɑːtʃmənt/ noun
durable material, as for bookbinding or manuscripts.

Pariah an outcast. /pə'rʌɪə/ noun

Parlance a way or manner of speaking. /pɑ:l(ə)ns/ noun
Parquetry a geometric pattern of inlaid pieces of wood, often of /ˈpɑːkɪtrɪ/ noun
different kinds, especially as used to cover a floor or to
ornament furniture.
Parry to defend yourself against somebody who is attacking you by /pari/ verb
pushing their arm, weapon, etc. to one side.
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 Parrying the act of defending oneself against somebody who is attacking you /ˈpærɪɪŋ/ verb
by pushing their arm, weapon, etc. to one side.

Parsec a unit of distance equal to 3.26 light-years. /pɑ:sɛk/ noun

Passé no longer fashionable. /ˈpɑːseɪ/ adjective
Passerine relating to or denoting birds of a large order distinguished by /ˈpæsəˌraɪn -ˌriːn/ adjective
having feet that are adapted for perching, including all
songbirds.
Patella the kneecap. /pə'tɛlə/ noun
Pathogenic able to cause or produce disease. /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/ adjective
Patzer a poor player at chess. /ˈpɑːtsə/ noun
Paunchy having a protruding belly or abdomen. /ˈpɔːntʃɪ/ adjective
Paupiette a long, thin slice of fish or meat, rolled and stuffed with a /pɔːˈpjɛt/ noun
filling.
Peasantry peasants as a class. /ˈpezntri/ noun
Peccary a piglike hoofed animal of north and south America. /pɛk(ə)ri/ noun
Pedagogy the principles, practise, or profession of teaching. /ˈpedəɡɒdʒi/ noun
Pedestal a base that supports a column, statue, etc, as used in classical /ˈpɛdɪstəl/ noun
architecture.
Peignoir a woman's dressing gown. /peɪnwɑ:/ noun
Pendulous hanging down loosely. /pɛndjʊləs/ adjective
Penury extreme poverty. /pɛnjʊri/ noun
Perfidy a deliberate breach of trust; treachery. /pə:fɪdi/ noun
Perihelion the point at which a planet is closest to the sun. /pɛrɪ'hi:lɪən/ noun
Pernicious having a very harmful effect on somebody/something, especially in /pə'nɪʃəs/ adjective
a way that is gradual and not easily noticed.
Perplexed puzzled. /pəˈplɛkst/ adjective
Perquisite a benefit which one enjoys or is entitled to on account of /ˈpɜːkwɪzɪt/ noun
one’s job or position.
Perspicuous clearly expressed or presented. /pə'spɪkjʊəs/ adjective
Pestilence any epidemic outbreak of a deadly and highly infectious /ˈpɛstɪləns/ noun
disease, such as the plague.
Pestle a tool to grind substances in a mortar. /pɛs(ə)l/ noun
Phantom an apparition or spectre. /ˈfæntəm/ noun

Page | 26
 Pharmaceutic connected with making and selling drugs and medicines. /fɑ:mə'su:tɪk(ə)l/ noun
al
Phlegmatic not easily made angry or upset /fleɡˈmætɪk/ adjective
Piqué a feeling of resentment or irritation, as from having one's /piːk/ noun
pride wounded.

Piranha a small South American fish that eat fish, animals and sometimes /pɪ'rɑ:nə/pɪ'rɑ:njə/ noun
attack humans.
Pirogue an American boat, a dugout. /pɪ'rəʊg/ noun
Pisciculture the rearing and breeding of fish under controlled conditions. /ˈpɪsɪˌkʌltʃə/ noun

Pistachio the nut of an anacardiaceous tree, having an edible green /pɪˈstɑːʃɪˌəʊ/ noun
kernel.
Placenta a flattened circular organ in the uterus of pregnant eutherian /pləˈsɛntə/ noun
mammals, nourishing and maintaining the fetus through the
umbilical cord.
Platypus a small, egg-laying animal of Australia. /plætɪpəs/ noun
Plebiscite the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an /ˈplɛbɪˌsaɪt -sɪt/ noun
important public question such as a change in the
constitution.
Pochette a woman’s small handbag shaped like an envelope. /pɒˈʃɛt/ noun
Polemic of or involving dispute or controversy. /pəˈlɛmɪk/ adjective
Polychrome being of many or various colours. /pɒlɪkrəʊm/ adjective
Polyp a small lump that grows inside the body, especially in the /ˈpɒlɪp/ noun
nose, that is caused by disease but is usually harmless.

Pompous exaggeratedly or ostentatiously dignified or self-important. /ˈpɒmpəs/ adjective

Portmanteau embodying several uses or qualities. /pɔːtˈmæntəʊ/ noun

Posit to place, put or set. /pɒzɪt/ verb
Postulate to assume to be true or existent; take for granted. /ˈpɒstjʊˌleɪt/ verb
Poultice a soft, moist mass of material applied to the body to relieve /ˈpəʊltɪs/ noun
soreness and inflammation and kept in place with a cloth.

Prairie a treeless grassy plain of the central US and Canada. /ˈprɛərɪ/ noun

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 Prebuttal (in politics) a response formulated in anticipation of a /priːˈbʌt(ə)l/ noun
criticism; a pre-emptive rebuttal.
Precursor a person or thing that precedes. /prɪ'kə:sə/ noun
Prehensile adapted for grasping, esp by wrapping around a support. /prɪˈhɛnsaɪl/ adjective
Prescience knowledge of things before they exist or happen. /prɛsɪəns/ noun
Propitious likely to produce a successful result. /prə'pɪʃəs/ adjective
Proprietary privately owned and controlled. /prəˈpraɪɪtərɪ -trɪ/ adjective
Prorogued to discontinue the meetings of (a legislative body) without /prəˈrəʊɡ/ verb
dissolving it.
Protagonist the principal character in a play, story, etc. /prəʊˈtæɡənɪst/ noun

Psalmody the act of singing psalms or hymns. /ˈsɑːmədi/ noun

Psilosis falling of the hair. /sɪ'ləʊsɪs/ noun
Psoriasis a common skin disease. /sɒ'rʌɪəsɪs/ noun
Ptosis a drooping of the upper eyelid. /təʊsɪs/ noun
Pulchritude physical beauty; comeliness. /pʌlkrɪtju:d/ noun
Pulmonary of, or relating to or affecting the lungs. /ˈpʌlmənəri/ adjective
Pulverulent consisting of, covered with, or crumbling to dust or fine /pʌlˈvɛrʊlənt/ adjective
particles.
Purring (esp of cats) to making a low vibrant sound, usually /pɜrɪŋ/ verb
considered as expressing pleasure, etc.
Pyrotechnic the art or craft of making fireworks. /ˌpaɪrəʊˈtɛknɪks/ noun
Pyrrhic (of a victory) won at too great a cost to have been worthwhile for /pɪrɪk/ adjective
the victor.
Quadriceps a large muscle in front of the thigh. /kwɒdrɪsɛps/ noun
Quadrille a square dance for four couples. /kwɒ'drɪl/ noun
Quadrivium the higher division of the seven liberal arts, consisting of /kwɒˈdrɪvɪəm/ noun
arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.
Quaff to drink heartily or in one draught. /kwɒf / kwɑːf/ verb
Quay a wharf, typically one built parallel to the shoreline. /kiː/ noun
Quiche an open savoury tart with a rich custard filling to which bacon, /kiːʃ/ noun
onion, cheese, etc, are added.
Quinella a type of bet on horse races. /kwɪ'nɛlə/ noun
Quirky having or characterised by peculiar or unexpected traits or /ˈkwəːki/ adjective
aspects.
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 Quirt a riding whip. /kwə:t/ noun
Quoin the external solid angle of a wall. /kɔɪn / kwɔɪn/ noun
Quotidian of or occurring every day; daily. /kwɒ'tɪdɪən adjective
/kwəʊ'tɪdɪən/
Rabbi Jewish scholar and teacher. /rabʌɪ/ noun
Rabble a disorderly crowd. /rab(ə)l/ noun
Racketeering engaging in fraudulent business deal. /rakɪ'tɪə/ verb
Radiant showing great joy, love or health. /reɪdɪənt/ adjective
Radicchio dark red salad leaves. /ra'di:kɪəʊ/ noun
Radius straight line from the centre to the edge of a circle. /reɪdɪəs/ noun
Ragamuffin person in torn and dirty clothes. /ragəmʌfɪn/ noun
Ragged (of clothes) old and torn. /ragɪd/ adjective
Ragout highly seasoned dish of meat and vegetables. /ra'gu:/ noun
Rally recover in health spirits or composure. /rali/ verb
Ramble walk for pleasure in the countryside. /ramb(ə)l/ verb
Rambutan red plum-sized tropical fruit . /ram'b(j)u:t(ə)n/ noun

Ramekin small dish for baking. /ramɪkɪn/ noun

Ramification one of the large number of complicated and unexpected /ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ noun
results that follow an action or a decision
Rampant (of something bad) existing or spreading everywhere in a way that /ramp(ə)nt/ adjective
cannot be controlled.
Rampart defensive wall of a castle . /rampɑ:t/ noun
Rancid (of foods containing fat or oil) smelling or tasting unpleasant as /ransɪd/ noun
a result of being old and stale.
Rancor bitterness and resentment . /raŋkə/ noun
Rancorous malicious resentfulness or hostility; spite. /ˈræŋkə/ noun
Ransack go hurriedly through stealing things and causing damaged. /ransak/ verb
Rapier an act of going down a steep cliff or rock while attached to a rope, /reɪpɪə/ noun
pushing against the slope or rock with your feet
Rappel is the way to move down a surface in mountaineering.. /ra'pɛl/ noun,verb
Rapport close relationship based on understanding. /ra'pɔ:/ noun
Rapprocheme a resumption of friendly relations, esp between two countries. /raprɔʃmɑ̃ / noun
nt
Rapt fully absorbed and fascinated . /rapt/ adjective

Page | 29
 Rapture the feeling of intense pleasure or joy. /raptʃə/ noun
Rarefy make or become less dense or solid. /rɛ:rɪfʌɪ/ verb
Ratify sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), /ratɪfʌɪ/ verb
making it officially valid.
Ration fixed amount of a commodity allowed to person. /raʃ(ə)n/ noun
Rationale set of reasons or logic behind any action. /raʃə'nɑ:l/ noun
Raucous sounding loud and rough /rɔ:kəs/ adjective
Ravage cause extensive damage to . /ravɪdʒ/ verb
Ravel untangle something. /rav(ə)l/ verb
Ravine narrow deep gorge with steep sides. /rə'vi:n/ noun
Raving talk wildly . /reɪvɪŋ/ verb
Ravishing extremely beautiful. /ravɪʃɪŋ/ adjective
Reaction the instant of responding or reacting to something. /rɪ'akʃ(ə)n/ noun
Rebate partial refund or discount. /ri:beɪt/ noun
Rebuff to reject in an abrupt manner . /rɪ'bʌf/ verb
Rebuttal the act of saying or proving that a statement or criticism is /rɪˈbʌtl/ noun
false
Recapitulate summarise and state the main points again. /ri:kə'pɪtjʊleɪt/ verb
Recapture to recover something. /ri:'kaptʃə/ verb
Recce preliminary survey or search . /rɛki/ noun
Recede move back or further away, or gradually diminish. /rɪ'si:d/ verb
Receive to get or accept something that is sent or given to you. /rɪ'si:v/ verb

Recess small space set back in a wall. /rɪ'sɛs/ noun

Recession period of economic decline. /rɪ'sɛʃ(ə)n/ noun
Reciprocal involving two people or groups who agree to help each other or /rɪ'sɪprək(ə)l/ adjective
behave in the same way to each other.
Recitation stating out loud from memory. /rɛsɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Reckoning opinion, judgement or calculation. /rɛk(ə)nɪŋ/ noun
Recline lean or lie back . /rɪ'klʌɪn/ verb
Recluse person who avoids others and lives alone . /rɪ'klu:s/ noun
Reconnoitre make a military observation of a region . /rɛkə'nɔɪtə/ verb
Recreation enjoyable leisure activity. /rɛkrɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Recrimination accusation in response to another . /rɪ,krɪmɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Rectification the act or process of putting right something that is wrong. /rɛktɪ-fɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Page | 30
 Rectitude morally correct behaviour . /rɛktɪtju:d/ noun
Recuperate recover form illness or exertion . /rɪ'ku:pəreɪt/ verb
Redolent making you think of the thing mentioned. /rɛdəl(ə)nt/ adjective
Redress to correct something that is unfair or wrong. /rɪ'drɛs/ verb
Redundancy not being necessary or useful. /rɪ'dʌnd(ə)nsi/ noun
Refectory room used for communal meals. /rɪ'fɛkt(ə)ri/ noun
Reference the act of mentioning . /rɛf(ə)r(ə)ns/ noun
Refractory stubborn or unmanageable. /rɪ'frakt(ə)ri/ adjective
Regale enterntain with conversation. /rɪ'geɪl/ verb
Regicide killing of a king. /rɛdʒɪsʌɪd/ noun
Regime a strict government in power . /reɪ'ʒi:m/ noun
Regiment permanent unit of an army. /rɛdʒɪm(ə)nt/ noun
Register an official list or record of something . /rɛdʒɪstə/ noun
Regnal of a sovereign, reign, or kingdom. /ˈrɛɡnəl/ adjective
Regnant ruling . /rɛgnənt/ adjective
Regression return to former state . /rɪ'grɛʃ(ə)n/ noun
Regretful showing sorrow, repentance or disappointment. /rɪ'grɛtfʊl/ adjective
Regularity constancy or recurrence . /rɛɡju'larəti/ noun
Regurgitate to surge or rush back. /rɪ'gə:dʒɪteɪt/ verb
Regurgitation bring swallowed food back up to mouth . /rɪ'gə:dʒɪ-'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Reign rule as a monarch. /reɪn/ noun
Reimburse repay . /ri:ɪm'bə:s/ verb
Reinstate return to former state or position . /ri:ɪn'steɪt/ verb
Rejoinder sharp witty reply . /rɪ'dʒɔɪndə/ noun
Relapse deteriorate after a period of improvement . /rɪ'laps/ verb
Release set free. /rɪ'li:s/ verb
Relegate assign inferior position or rank . /rɛlɪgeɪt/ verb
Relent become less intense . /rɪ'lɛnt/ verb

Relic object of interest surviving from an earlier time . /rɛlɪk/ noun

Relinquish to give up (a task, struggle, etc); abandon. /rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/ verb
Relish intense enjoyment . /rɛlɪʃ/ verb
Remedial intended as a fix or remedy . /rɪ'mi:dɪəl/ adjective
Remiss lacking care or attention to duty. /rɪ'mɪs/ verb

Page | 31
 Remission cancellation of debt, charge or penalty . /rɪ'mɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Remnant small remaining portion or part . /rɛmnənt/ noun
Remonstranc forcefully expressed protest . /rɪ'mɒnstr(ə)ns/ noun
e
Renegade a person who deserts and betrays an organisation, country, or /ˈrɛnɪˌɡeɪd/ noun
set of principles.
Renown state of being famous and respected . /rɪ'naʊn/ noun
Reparable is capable of being repaired. /rɛp(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective
Repartee conversation with quick witty comments. /rɛpɑ:'ti:/ noun
Repeal to annul or cancel a law . /rɪ'pi:l/ noun
Repentance feel or express regret or remorse . /rɪ'pɛnt(ə)ns/ noun
Repousse raised in relief, as a design on a thin piece of metal hammered /rəˈpuːseɪ/ adjective
through from the underside.
Reprehensibl deserving condemnation . /rɛprɪ'hɛnsɪb(ə)l/ adjective
e
Reprisal an act done in return of an attack or threat . /rɪ'prʌɪz(ə)l/ noun
Reprise repeat a piece of music . /rɪ'pri:z/ verb
Reprobate a person without principles or morals. /rɛprəbeɪt/ noun
Repugn to oppose or refute. /rɪ'pju:n/ verb
Repugnance intense disgust . /rɪ'pʌgnəns/ noun
Reputation opinions or views held about someone. /rɛpjʊ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Requisite made necessary by regulations. /rɛkwɪzɪt/ adjective
Resentment bitterness or indignation . /rɪ'zɛntm(ə)nt/ noun
Residual remaining after greater part is gone . /rɪ'zɪdjʊəl/ adjective
Resignation the act of leaving a job or position . /rɛzɪg'neɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Resonance having the quality of being deep, clear and ringing . /rɛz(ə)nəns/ noun
Respiration action of breathing. /rɛspɪ'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Respite short period of relief from something unpleasant . /rɛspʌɪt/ noun
Resplendent attractive and impressive. /rɪ'splɛnd(ə)nt/ adjective
Responsivene readily showing reaction . /rɪ'spɒnsɪvnəs / noun
ss
Restitution compensation for injury or loss. /rɛstɪ'tju:ʃ(ə)n/ noun
Restoration process of returning to its former condition or position. /rɛstə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Resultant occurring or producing as a result of something. /rɪ'zʌlt(ə)nt/ adjective
Resumption begin again after a pause. /rɪ'zʊm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ noun

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 Resurrection act of restoring back to life or activity . /rɛzə'rɛkʃ(ə)n/ noun
Retainer a fee paid in advance . /rɪ'teɪnə/ noun
Retaliatory vengeful, or in response to an attack. /rɪ'taljət(ə)ri/ adjective
Retention the act of having or holding on to something. /rɪ'tɛnʃ(ə)n/ noun
Reticence not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily . /rɛtɪs(ə)ns/ noun
Retina the light sensitive back area of the eyeball . /rɛtɪnə/ noun
Retraction to withdraw a statement. /rɪ'trakʃ(ə)n/ noun
Retrieval getting back or bringing back. /rɪ'tri:vl/ noun
Retrograde returning to earlier inferior condition. /rɛtrəgreɪd/ adjective
Retrospect review of past course or events. /rɛtrəspɛkt/ noun
Reveille military waking signal . /rɪ'vali / noun
Revel gain great pleasure from . /rɛv(ə)l/ verb
Revelation the revealing of something previously unknown . /rɛvə'leɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Revenue the main total income of a company . /rɛvənju:/ noun
Reverberation repeated as an echo. /rɪ,və:bə'reɪʃn/ noun
Revival improvement in condition or strengt of something. /rɪ'vʌɪv(ə)l/ noun
Revoke end the valid operation of . /rɪ'vəʊk/ verb
Rhapsody a composition free in structure and highly emotional in /ˈræpsədɪ/ noun
character.
Rhetorical expressed in terms intended to persuade or impress. /rɪ'tɒrɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Rhinal related to the nose. /rʌɪn(ə)l/ adjective
Rhinoceros a large African animal. /rʌɪ'nɒs(ə)rəs/ noun
Rhombus figure with four equal sides. /rɒmbəs/ noun
Rhubarb plant with large leaves cooked as dessert . /ru:bɑ:b/ noun
Ribald coarsely humorous. /rɪb(ə)ld / adjective
Ribbon a narrow strip of fine material, esp silk, used for trimming, /ˈrɪbən/ noun
tying, etc.
Rickety (of a structure, piece of furniture, etc) likely to collapse or /ˈrɪkɪtɪ/ adjective
break; shaky.
Ricotta soft white cheese. /rɪ'kɒtə/ noun
Rigidity unable to bend or force out of shape. /rɪdʒɪdɪti/ noun
Rigmarole lengthy complicated procedure . /rɪgmərəʊl/ noun
Riposte quick clever reply . /rɪ'pɒst/ noun
Risotto Italian rice dish. /rɪ'zɒtəʊ/ noun
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 Ritzy luxurious, glamorous. /rɪtsi/ adjective
Riverine related to or situated near or on a river or riverbank. /rɪvərʌɪn/ adjective
Riveted completely attentive or engrossed. /rɪvɪted/ verb
Roam travel aimlessly over a wide area. /rəʊm/ verb
Roan denoting an animal with a coat of one colour and fur of another. /rəʊn/ adjective

Rococo highly ornamental or stylised . /rə'kəʊkəʊ/ adjective

Rodent any of the relatively small placental mammals having /ˈrəʊdənt/ noun
constantly growing incisor teeth specialised for gnawing.

Rodeo a public competition, in which people show their skill at riding /ˈrəʊdɪˌəʊ/ noun
wild horses and catchingcattle with ropes
Roentgen a unit of x-ray radiation. /rʌntdʒən/ noun
Roiling move in a turbulent manner. /rɔɪlɪŋ/ verb
Romaine a type of lettuce. /rə(ʊ)'meɪn/ noun
Romanaclef novel with real events with characters' names changed. /rəʊmɒ̃ ɑ':kleɪ/ noun
Romanfleuve novel with stories about a group of people. /rəʊmɒ̃ 'flə:v/ noun
Rondavel traditional African thatched house. /rɒn'dɑ:v(ə)l/ noun
Ronde dance with dancers moving in a circle. /rɒnd/ noun
Rondeau a thirteen line poem with only two rhymes. /rɒndəʊ/ noun
Rookery breeding colony of rooks. /rʊk(ə)ri/ noun
Roquet strike another ball with one's own . /rəʊkeɪ/ verb
Rorqual a type of whale . /rɔ:kw(ə)l/ noun
Roseate rose-coloured. /rəʊzɪət/ adjective
Rosette a decoration or pattern resembling a rose. /rəʊˈzɛt/ noun
Roster list of names or times. /rɒstə/ noun
Rotation the action of moving in a circle . /rə(ʊ)'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Rouble basic monetary unit of USSR. /ru:b(ə)l/ noun
Rough having a coarse or uneven surface. /rʌf/ adjective
Roughage indigestible material that aids the passage of food. /rʌfɪdʒ/ noun
Roulade food that has been spread with filling and rolled. /ru:'lɑ:d/ noun
Rouse to bring out of a state of sleep. /raʊz/ verb
Route the course from start to destination . /ru:t/ noun
Roving travel constantly without a fixed direction . /rəʊvɪŋ/ verb
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 Rubicund having a ruddy complexion . /ru:bɪk(ə)nd/ adjective
Rubiginous rust-coloured. /rʊ'bɪdʒɪnəs/ adjective
Rubric set of instructions or rules. /ru:brɪk/ noun
Ruche pleats in fabric. /ru:ʃ/ noun
Rucksack back with two shoulder straps . /rʌksak /rʊksak/ noun
Ruffian violent or lawless person . /rʌfɪən/ noun
Ruinous disastrous or destructive . /ru:ɪnəs/ adjective
Rumen the first compartment of the stomach of ruminants, behind /ˈruːmɛn/ noun
the reticulum, in which food is partly digested before being
regurgitated as cud.
Ruminant animal that chews cud. /ru:mɪnənt/ noun
Rummage search in untidy manner. /rʌmɪdʒ/ verb

Rupture break or burst . /rʌptʃə/ verb

Ruse trick . /ru:z/ noun
Russet reddish brown . /rʌsɪt/ noun
Rusticate suspend from university as punishment . /rʌstɪkeɪt/ verb
Rutilant glowing with a red light. /ru:tɪl(ə)nt/ adjective
Rutile black or reddish-brown mineral . /ru:tɪl /ru:tʌɪl / noun
Rye wheat-like cereal plant . /rʌɪ/ noun
Saboteur a person who does deliberate damage to something to prevent an /sabə'tə:/ noun
enemy from using it, or to protest about something

Sabretache flat satchel on long straps worn by cavalrymen. /sabətaʃ/ noun

Sabreur a cavalryman or fencer using a sabre. /saˈbrəː/ noun
Sabrewing a large tropical American humming bird with a green back and long /seɪbəwɪŋ/ noun
curved wings.
Saccharine sweet-tasting sugar substitute. /sakərʌɪn / noun
Saccule a small sac, pouch, or cyst. /sakju:l/ noun
Sachem (among some American Indian peoples) a chief. /seɪtʃəm / noun
Sachet a small sealed bag or packet containing a small quantity of /saʃeɪ/ noun
something
Sacred holy . /seɪkrɪd/ adjective
Sacrifice giving up something of value for something more important. /sakrɪfʌɪs/ noun

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 Sacrilege violation of something regarded as sacred. /sakrɪlɪdʒ/ noun
Sacroiliac the joint where the sacrum and ilium meet. /seɪkrəʊ'ɪlɪak / noun
Sacrosanct regarded as too important to be interefered with. /sakrə(ʊ)saŋ(k)t / adjective
Sadistic tendency to get pleasure from other people's suffering. /sə'dɪstɪk/ adjective
Saffron orange-yellow spice used for flavour. /safr(ə)n/ noun
Sage a culinary herb. /seɪdʒ/ noun
Sagittarius a star constellation . /sadʒɪ'tɛ:rɪəs/ noun
Saguaro giant Mexican cactus . /sə'gwɑ:rəʊ / noun
Salaam a salutation meaning peace, especially in Islamic countries. /sə'lɑ:m/ noun
Salamander long-tailed amphibian animal. /salə,mandə/ noun
Salariat salaried white-collar workers. /sə'lɛ:rɪət/ noun
Saleable fit to be sold. /seɪləb(ə)l/ adjective
Salicin medicinal compound used in aspirin . /salɪsɪn/ noun
Salina salt lake . /sə'lʌɪnə/ noun
Saline containing salt . /seɪlʌɪn/ adjective
Salmon large edible sea fish . /samən/ noun
Salsify an edible plant . /salsɪfi/ noun
Saltern pools where seawater evaporates to form salt. /sɔ:ltən/ noun

Salutary beneficial due to providing learning experience. /saljʊt(ə)ri/ adjective

Salvage preserve or retrieve from destruction . /salvɪdʒ / verb
Salver tray made of silver . /salvə/ noun
Samovar a large container for heating water, used especially in Russia for /ˈsæməvɑː(r)/ noun
making tea
Samurai member of warrior caste in feudal Japan. /sam(j)ʊrʌɪ/ noun
Sanatorium place for people recovering from long illness. /sanə'tɔ:rɪəm/ noun
Sandal light open shoe. /sand(ə)l/ noun
Sandy covered or consisting of sand. /sandi/ adjective
Sangfroid composure or coolness in trying circumstances. /sɒ̃ ˈfrwɑ:/ noun
Sanitary connected with keeping places clean and healthy to live in, /sanɪt(ə)ri/ adjective
especially by removing human waste.
Sapper a soldier responsible for tasks such as building and repairing /ˈsæpə/ noun
roads and bridges, laying and clearing mines, etc.

Sardonic grimly mocking . /sɑ:'dɒnɪk/ adjective

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 Sargasso a brown seaweed with berry-like air bladders, typically /sɑːˈɡæsəʊ/ noun
forming large floating masses.
Sartorial related to tailoring or clothing . /sɑ:'tɔ:rɪəl/ adjective
Satellite artificial body placed in orbit around the world . /satəlʌɪt/ noun
Satirical humorously critical . /sə'tɪrɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Satisfactory fulfilling expectations or needs. /satɪs'fakt(ə)ri/ adjective
Satrapy ancient Persian province . /satrəpi/ noun
Satsuma a type of small orange without seeds and with loose skin that /sat'su:mə/ noun
comes off easily.
Saturate soak through with liquid . /satʃəreɪt/ verb
Saturation soaking thoroughly with water and liquid . /satʃə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Saturnine gloomy. /satənʌɪn/ adjective
Satyr a mythological character, half human and half goat or horse. /satə/ noun
Saunter walk in slow relaxed manner. /sɔ:ntə/ verb
Sausage finely minced meat, especially pork or beef packed into a /ˈsɒsɪdʒ/ noun
tube-shaped animal intestine or synthetic casing.
Sautéed fried quickly in a little hot fat. /ˈsəʊteɪd/ adjective
Sauve charming confident and elegant . /səʊv/ adjective
Savage cruel and vicious. /savɪdʒ/ adjective
Savagery ferocity or violence . /savɪdʒ(ə)ri/ noun
Savannah open grasslands, usually with scattered bushes or trees, /səˈvænə/ noun
characteristic of much of tropical Africa.
Savant a learned person. /sav(ə)nt / noun
Savante a man of great learning; sage. /ˈsævənt/ noun

Savvy shrewd and knowledgeable . /savi/ adjective

Scabbard cover for sword or dagger . /skabəd/ noun
Scaffolding temporary structure made of wooden planks and boards tied /skafəʊldɪŋ/ noun
together.
Scalpel knife with small sharp blade used in surgery. /skalp(ə)l/ noun
Scandalous causing general public outrage . /skandələs/ adjective
Scarce insufficient for the demand . /skɛ:s/ adjective
Scavenge search for and collect . /skavɪn(d)ʒ/ verb
Scent a distinctive smell. /sɛnt/ noun
Schappe fabric or yarn made from waste silk. /ʃap / noun
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 Schema representation of a plan or theory in a model. /ski:mə/ noun
Schematic a technical diagram. /ski:'matɪk/ noun
Scherzo a short, lively piece of music, that is often part of a longer /ˈskɛətsəʊ/ noun
piece.
Scholarly involving academic study . /skɒləli/ adjective
Schuss a straight downhill run at high speed, skiing. /ʃʊs/ noun
Scimitar a short curved sword with one sharp edge, used especially in /ˈsɪmɪtə/ noun
Eastern countries.
Scion descendent of a notable family. /sʌɪən/ noun
Scissors instrument with two blades used for cutting . /sɪzəz/ noun
Scorpioid is resembling a scorpion. /skɔ:pɪɔɪd/ adjective
Scour clean or brighten by vigorous rubbing with detergent. /skaʊə/ verb
Scourge a person or thing causing great suffering and trouble. /skə:dʒ/ noun
Scowl to give an angry bad-tempered expression. /skaʊl/ verb
Scrimshaw the art of decorating or carving shells, ivory, etc, done by /ˈskrɪmˌʃɔː/ noun
sailors as a leisure activity.
Scrivener is a scribe. /skrɪv(ə)nə/ noun
Scruple feeling of doubt or hesitation due to moral decision. /skru:p(ə)l/ noun
Scuncheon the inside face of a window frame or door jamb. /skʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n/ noun
Scurvy a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C from not eating /ˈskɜːvɪ/ noun
enough fruit and vegetables.
Scythe a tool used for cutting crops such as grass or corn. /saɪð/ noun
Sebaceous producing a substance like oil in the body. /sɪ'beɪʃəs/ adjective
Secede withdraw membership from a union or organisation . /sɪ'si:d/ verb
Secession act of withdrawing from a union or organisation . /sɪ'sɛʃ(ə)n/ noun
Seclusion state of being away from others . /sɪ'klu:ʒ(ə)n/ noun
Secondary less important than something else. /sɛk(ə)nd(ə)ri/ adjective
Secrete (of part of the body or a plant) to produce a liquid substance. /sɪ'kri:t/ verb

Secretion bodily fluid with particular function . /sɪ'kri:ʃ(ə)n/ noun

Sectarian connected with the differences that exist between groups of people /sɛk'tɛ:rɪən/ adjective
who have different religious views.
Sectional connected with one particular group within a community or an /sɛkʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective
organisation.

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 Sedate calm and unhurried . /sɪ'deɪt/ adjective
Sedative a drug that causes sleep. /sɛdətɪv/ noun
Sedition conduct that provokes a rebellion. /sɪ'dɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Sedulous showing dedication and hard work. /sɛdjʊləs/ adjective
Seepage the slow escape of a liquid or gas through porous material or /ˈsiːpɪdʒ/ noun
small holes.
Segmented divided into parts. /sɛgm(ə)ntɪd / adjective
Seif sand dune in the form of a long narrow ridge. /si:f / noun
Seigneur a feudal lord . /seɪ'njə:/ noun
Seismic relating to vibrations of the earth . /sʌɪzmɪk/ adjective
Seldom not often . /sɛldəm/ adjective
Semblance the outward appearance or apparent form of something, /ˈsɛmbləns/ noun
especially when the reality is different.
Seminal strongly influencing later development . /sɛmɪn(ə)l/ adjective
Seminar meeting for training or discussion. /sɛmɪnɑ:/ noun
Semiotics study of signs and symbols . /si:mɪ'ɒtɪks/ adjective
Semitic denoting Afro-Asian or Middle-Eastern origin. /sɪ'mɪtɪk/ adjective
Seneschal is an officer having full charge of domestic arrangements. /sɛnɪʃ(ə)l/ noun
Señorita an unmarried Spanish or Spanish-speaking woman. /ˌsɛnjɔːˈriːtə/ noun
Sententious moralising in a pompous manner . /sɛn'tɛnʃəs/ adjective
Sentient able to perceive or feel things. /sɛnʃ(ə)nt/ adjective
Sentimental deriving from feelings of tenderness. /sɛntɪ'mɛnt(ə)l/ adjective
Sentinel a soldier or guard whose job is to stand and keep watch. /ˈsentɪnl/ noun
Sepia reddish-brown colour associated with old photographs. /si:pɪə/ noun
Septic infected with bacteria. /sɛptɪk/ adjective
Septuagenari person between 70 and 80 years of age. /sɛptjʊədʒɪ'nɛ:rɪən/ noun
an
Sepulchre tomb cut out of stone . /sɛp(ə)lkə/ noun
Sequacious (of a person) lacking independence or originality of thought. /sɪ'kweɪʃəs/ adjective

Sequence a particular order in which something happens. /si:kw(ə)ns/ noun

Sequester isolate or hide away. /sɪ'kwɛstə/ verb
Sequins a small piece of shiny often coloured metal foil or plastic, /ˈsiːkwɪn/ noun
usually round, used to decorate garments, etc.
Serendipity good fortune or luck. /sɛr(ə)n'dɪpɪti/ noun
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 Serge a twilled fabric used for clothing. /sə:dʒ/ noun

Serpentine bending and twisting like a snake. /sə:p(ə)ntʌɪn/ adjective

Serrate notched on the edge like a saw. /sɛreɪt/ adjective
Serrated having a notched or sawlike edge. /səˈreɪtɪd/ adjective
Servile excessively willing to please others. /sə:vʌɪl/ adjective
Sesquicent - of or relating to a period of 150 years. /ˌsɛskwɪsɛnˈtɛnɪəl/ adjective
ennial
Setaceous having or consisting of bristles. /si:'teɪʃəs/ adjective
Settlement place where people form a community. /sɛt(ə)lm(ə)nt/ noun
Sever divide by cutting . /sɛvə/ verb
Sewerage network of sewers or drains . /su:ərɪdʒ / noun
Sewing join or repair using thread and needle. /səʊɪŋ/ verb
Sexton a church official charged with taking care of the edifice and its /sɛkst(ə)n/ noun
contents.
Shambles a chaotic state . /ʃamb(ə)lz/ noun
Shamrock a plant resembling clover . /ʃamrɒk/ noun
Shanty small crudely built shack. /ʃanti/ noun
Shard sharp piece of broken glass, ceramic or metal. /ʃɑ:d/ noun
Shchi a type of Russian soup. /ʃtʃi:/ noun
Sheaf a bundle of grainstalk . /ʃi:f/ noun
Shearer a skilled worker who shears the wool off of sheep or other /ʃɪərə/ noun
animals.
Sherbet flavoured powdered drink . /ʃə:bət/ noun
Shiitake a type of edible Chinese mushrooms. /ʃɪ'tɑ:keɪ/ noun
Shipwright an artisan skilled in one or more of the tasks required to build /ˈʃɪpˌraɪt/ noun
vessels.
Shoal a place where a body of water is shallow. /ʃəʊl/ noun
Shunt push or shove. /ʃʌnt/ verb
Shyster a lawyer who uses unethical means . /ʃʌɪstə/ noun
Sibling a brother or sister . /sɪblɪŋ / noun
Sibyl a female prophet or witch. /sɪbɪl/ noun
Sidereal relating to distant stars. /sʌɪ'dɪərɪəl/ adjective
Silence complete absence of sound. /sʌɪləns/ noun
Silo tall tower to store grain . /sʌɪləʊ/ noun
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 Silver shiny greyish precious metal . /sɪlvə/ noun
Simian resembling apes. /sɪmɪən/ adjective
Simile a figure of speech that expresses the resemblance of one /ˈsɪmɪlɪ/ noun
thing to another of a different category, usually introduced by
as or like.
Simplicity quality or condition of being easily done or understood. /sɪm'plɪsɪti/ noun
Simulation imitate or reproduce the appearance . /sɪmjʊleɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Sinecure a position with financial benefit but with little work to do. /sʌɪnɪkjʊə / noun
Sinew tough fibrous tissue that holds muscles and bones together. /sɪnju:/ noun

Sinuous having many curves and ends. /sɪnjʊəs/ adjective

Sinusitis inflammation of the membrane lining a sinus, esp a nasal /ˌsaɪnəˈsaɪtɪs/ noun
sinus.
Sinusoid any of the irregular terminal blood vessels that replace /ˈsaɪnəˌsɔɪd/ noun
capillaries in certain organs, such as the liver, heart, spleen,
and pancreas.
Sirloin a prime cut of beef from the loin, especially the upper part. /ˈsɜːlɔɪn/ noun

Situation a set of circumstances. /sɪtjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Skean dagger formerly used in Ireland or Scotland. /ski:n /ski:ən/ noun
Skeletal relating to an outline or framework. /skɛlɪt(ə)l / adjective
Skewers a long pin for holding meat in position while being cooked, /ˈskjʊə:z/ noun
etc.
Skiff any of various small boats propelled by oars, sail, or motor. /skɪf/ noun

Skink a lizard common in both the Old and New worlds. /skɪŋk/ noun
Skulduggery dishonest behaviour or activities. /skʌl'dʌg(ə)ri/ noun
Slanderous denoting false malicious statements aimed to ruin reputations. /slɑ:nd(ə)rəs/ adjective

Slather spread thickly . /slaðə/ verb

Sleazy contemptibly low or disreputable. /sli:zi/ adjective
Slither moving smoothly over a surface in a twisting way. /slɪðə/ verb
Sliver a small narrow piece of a larger piece. /slɪvə / noun
Sloe the small, sour fruit of the blackthorn. /sləʊ/ noun

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 Slough cast off or shed old skin. /slaʊ/ verb
Slovenly habitually untidy or careless about dressing . /slʌv(ə)nli/ adjective
Sluice a sliding gate for controlling the flow of water. /slu:s/ noun
Slurp to eat or drink (something) noisily. /slɜːp/ verb
Slurry a suspension of solid particles in a liquid, as in a mixture of /ˈslʌrɪ/ noun
cement, clay, coal dust, manure, meat, etc with water.

Slype a covered passageway between a cathedral and adjoining building. /slʌɪp/ noun

Smite defeat or conquer. /smʌɪt/ verb

Smoldering burning slowly without flame, usually emitting smoke. /ˈsməʊldərɪŋ/ adjective
Smorgasbord a wide range of something; a variety. /ˈsmɔːɡəsbɔːd/ noun

Smorzando (especially as a direction) dying away. /smɔːˈtsandəʊ/ adjective

Smoulder burn slowly with no flame . /sməʊldə/ verb
Smouldering burning slowly without flame, usually emitting smoke. /ˈsməʊldərɪŋ/ adjective
Snivelling crying and sniffling . /snɪv(ə)lɪŋ/ verb
Sober serious and thoughtful. /səʊbə/ adjective
Sobriety calmness . /sə'brʌɪəti/ noun
Sobriquet a person's nickname . /səʊbrɪkeɪ/ noun
Sodden completely soaked. /sɒd(ə)n/ adjective
Solace comfort or consolation in time of distress. /sɒlɪs/ noun
Solar relating to the sun . /səʊlə/ adjective
Soldier person who serves in the army . /səʊldʒə/ noun
Solecism a grammatical mistake. /sɒlɪsɪz(ə)m/ noun
Solemnity state of being solemn. /sə'lɛmnɪti/ noun
Solicit ask for try to obtain . /sə'lɪsɪ/ verb
Solidarity unity or agreement of feeling. /sɒlɪ'darɪti/ noun
Solidity firmness and stability of an object . /sə'lɪdɪti/ noun
Solitaire ring with a single gem. /sɒlɪtɛ:/ noun
Solitary done or existing alone . /sɒlɪt(ə)ri/ adjective
Solstice the days of midsummer and midwinter in the solar calendar. /sɒlstɪs/ noun

Sombrero a felt or straw hat with a wide brim, as worn by men in /sɒmˈbrɛərəʊ/ noun
Mexico.
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 Somnambulis sleepwalking . /sɒm'nambjʊlɪz(ə)m/ noun
m
Sonnet a fourteen line poem . /sɒnɪt/ noun
Sonorous sounding deep and full . /sɒn(ə)rəs/ adjective
Soothsayer person supposed to be able to foresee the future . /su:θseɪə/ noun
Sophisticated having refined or cultured tastes and habits. /səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd/ adjective
Sophistry use of false or mistake ideas to deceive someone . /sɒfɪstri/ noun
Sorbet a sweet frozen food made from sugar, water and fruit juice, often /sɔ:beɪ/ noun
eaten as a dessert.
Sorcerer a person who practises black magic. /sɔ:s(ə)rə/ noun
Sorcery magic . /sɔ:s(ə)r/ noun
Sordid involving dishonourable actions or motives. /sɔ:dɪd/ adjective
Sorghum cereal which is native to warm regions of the Old World and /ˈsɔːgəm/ noun
is a major source of grain and stockfeed.
Sororicide the killing of one’s sister. /səˈrɒrɪsʌɪd/ noun
Sororities a social club or society for university women. /səˈrɒrɪtɪ/ noun
Sorrel a light brown to brownish-orange colour. /ˈsɒrəl/ noun
Soutache a narrow, flat ornamental braid used to trim garments. /suːˈtaʃ/ noun

Spangled any glittering or shiny spot or object. /ˈspæŋɡl / noun

Spartan lacking comfort or luxury . /spɑ:t(ə)n/ adjective
Spasm sudden involuntary muscular contraction. /spaz(ə)m/ noun
Spasmodic occurring in brief irregular bursts. /spaz'mɒdɪk/ adjective
Spatial related to space . /speɪʃ(ə)l/ adjective
Spatula cooking tool with broad flat blade used for mixing. /spatjʊlə/ noun
Specially for a greater better or different purpose . /spɛʃəli/ noun
Speciesism discrimination in favour of one species over another. /spi:ʃi:,zɪz(ə)m/ noun
Specious apparently good or right though lacking real merit. /spi:ʃəs/ adjective
Spigot small peg inserted into the vent of a cask. /spɪgət/ noun
Spinet a small keyboard instrument. /spɪˈnet/ noun
Spinney small area of trees and bushes. /spɪni/ noun
Spiral winding in a contunuous curve around an axis. /spʌɪr(ə)l/ adjective
Spire tapering conical pyramid structure on top of a building. /spʌɪə/ noun
Spittoon container for spitting into. /spɪ'tu:n/ noun
Spontaneity the condition of occurring without any external influence . /spɒntə'neɪɪti/ noun
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 Spontaneous occurring, produced, or performed through natural processes /spɒnˈteɪnɪəs/ adjective
without external influence.
Sporadic occurring irregularly . /spə'radɪk/ adjective
Spore minute reproductive unit of a plant. /spɔ:/ noun
Sprint run at full speed for a short distance. /sprɪnt/ verb
Sprout (of a plant, seed, etc) to produce (new leaves, shoots, etc). /spraʊt/ verb

Spurious false, although seeming to be genuine. /spjʊərɪəs/ adjective

Squalid extremely dirty and unpleasant . /skwɒlɪd/ adjective
Squalor state of being dirty and unpleasant . /skwɒlə/ noun
Squander waste in a foolish reckless manner. /skwɒndə/ verb
Squash crush or squeeze something. /skwɒʃ/ verb
Squat crouch or sit with knees bent . /skwɒt/ verb
Staccato series of short detached sound or words. /stə'kɑ:təʊ/ noun
Staid of settled character, not flighty. /steɪd/ adjective
Stallion an uncastrated male horse, especially one used for breeding. /ˈstæljən/ noun

Stalwart loyal and reliable . /stɔ:lwət/ adjective

Stammer to speak or say (something) in a hesitant way, esp as a result /ˈstæmə/ verb
of a speech disorder or through fear, stress, etc.
Stanchion an upright bar as in a window or stall. /stanʃ(ə)n/ noun
Stanza a fixed number of verse lines arranged in a definite metrical /ˈstænzə/ noun
pattern, forming a unit of a poem.

Steer to direct the course of (a vehicle or vessel) with a steering /stɪə/ verb
wheel, rudder, etc.
Steppes the huge grasslands of Eurasia, chiefly in Ukraine and Russia. /stɛps/ noun

Strafe to attack by airplanes with machine-gun fire. /strɑ:f/ verb

Strait a narrow channel of the sea linking two larger areas of sea. /streɪt/ noun

Strangulation constriction (of a hollow organ, vessel, etc) so as to stop the /ˌstræŋɡjuˈleɪʃn/ noun
natural flow of air, blood, etc, through it.
Strenuous requiring or using great use of strength or endurance. /strɛnjʊəs/ adjective
Striation a striped pattern on something, especially on a muscle. /straɪˈeɪʃən/ noun

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 Strontium a strong, metallic element. /strɒntɪəm/ noun
Strychnine a colourless, crystalline poison. /strɪkni:n/ noun
Sturgeon a large fish, valued as a source of caviar. /stə:dʒ(ə)n/ noun
Stylus a pointed instrument for engraving, drawing, or writing. /ˈstaɪləs/ noun
Subcutaneous lying under the skin, as tissue. /sʌbkju:'teɪnɪəs/ adjective
Subliminal affecting your mind even though you are not aware of it. /ˌsʌbˈlɪmɪnl/ adjective
Submerge cause to be underwater . /səb'mə:dʒ/ verb
Submersible that which is capable of being submerged. /səb'mə:sɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Subpoena a writ issued by a court of justice requiring a person to appear /səˈpiːnə/ noun
before the court at a specified time.
Subzero temperature lower than zero . /sub-zero / adjective
Succumb fail to resist . /sə'kʌm/ verb
Suede leather made from goatskin . /sweɪd/ noun
Suet hard animal fat used in food . /s(j)u:ɪt/ noun
Sufferance capacity to endure pain, injury, etc. /ˈsʌfərəns/ noun
Sufficient enough for a particular purpose; as much as you need. /sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt/ adjective
Sundae ice cream topped with a sweet sauce, nuts, whipped cream, etc. /ˈsʌndeɪ / ˈsʌndi/ noun

Supercilious displaying arrogant pride, scorn, or indifference. /ˌsuːpəˈsɪlɪəs/ adjective

Superficial lacking depth of character or understanding. /su:pə'fɪʃ(ə)l/ adjective
Supplant to take the place of, often by trickery or force. /səˈplɑːnt/ verb
Supple able to bend and move parts of your body easily into different /sʌp(ə)l/ adjective
positions.
Supremacy highest authority or rank . /s(j)u:'prɛməsi/ noun
Surcease to cease from some action; desist. /sə:'si:s/ noun
Surpass be greater or better than . /sə'pɑ:s/ verb
Surreal having the qualities of surrealism; bizarre. /səˈrɪəl/ adjective

Surreptitiousl in a quick or secret way so that other people do not notice. /sʌrəp'tɪʃəlɪ/ adverb
y
Suzerain a state exercising political control over a dependent state. /su:zəreɪn/ noun
Suzerainty the position, power, or dignity of a feudal overlord. /ˈsuːzərəntɪ/ noun
Swag a swaying movement; lurch. /swæɡ/ noun
Swelling abnormal enlargement of a part of the body . /swɛlɪŋ/ noun
Swelter be uncomfortably hot. /swɛltə/ verb
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 Swindle use deception to deprive of money or possessions. /swɪnd(ə)l/ verb
Swivel to turn or swing on or as if on a pivot. /ˈswɪvl/ verb
Sybaritic being fond of luxury . /sɪbə'rɪtɪk/ adjective
Sycamore a type of large maple tree. /sɪkəmɔ/ noun
Sycophancy self-seeking or servile flattery. /sɪkəfansi/ noun
Syllabub whipped cream dessert . /sɪləbʌb/ noun
Sylph a slender woman or girl . /sɪlf/ noun
Sylvan wooded or pleasantly rural area. /sɪlv(ə)n/ adjective
Symbolic serving as a symbol or sign . /sɪm'bɒlɪk/ adjective
Synthetic not genuine, artificial . /sɪn'θɛtɪk/ adjective
Tabasco a trademark name for a condiment sauce. /tə'baskəʊ/ noun
Tabbouleh Middle Eastern salad . /tə'bu:leɪ/ noun
Tabouret low stool or table. /tabərɛt/ noun
Tabular consisting of columns and table . /tabjʊlə/ adjective
Tachymeter an instrument to rapidly determine distances. /ta'kɪmɪtə/ noun
Tackle make efforts to deal with . /tak(ə)l/ verb
Tactical planned in order to achieve a goal beyond the immediate action . /taktɪk(ə)l/ adjective

Tactician a person who is adept at planning tactics. /tak'tɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Tactile relating to the sense of touch. /taktʌɪl/ adjective
Tagine an African stew . /tə'dʒi:n/ noun
Tagliatelle pasta in narrow ribbons. /taljə'tɛleɪ/ noun
Tahini a Middle Eastern paste or spread made from ground sesame seeds. /tɑ':hi:ni/ noun

Tahitian a person from Tahiti. /tɑ:'hi:ʃ(ə)n/ adjective

Tallage a form of arbitrary taxation levied by kings on the towns and lands /talɪdʒ/ noun
of the Crown, abolished in the 14th century.
Tallith a fringed shawl traditionally worn by Jewish men at prayer. /talɪθ/ noun
Tallow animal fat used for making candles, soap, etc. /taləʊ/ noun
Talon the claw of a bird of prey. /talən/ noun
Tamale a Mexican dish of seasoned meat and maize flour steamed or baked /tə'mɑ:leɪ/ noun
in maize husks.
Tamarind sticky brown edible pods used as flavouring. /tam(ə)rɪnd/ noun

Tambour a small drum. /tambʊə/ noun

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 Tamburitza a mandolinlike instrument of southern Slavic regions. /tam'bʊrɪtsə/ noun
Tanager a songbird found in North America. /tanədʒə/ noun
Tandem alongside each other or together. /tandəm/ adverb
Tankard a large drinking cup. /taŋkəd/ noun
Tannery place where animal hides are tanned. /tan(ə)ri/ noun
Tapestry a piece of thick textile fabric with pictures or designs used as a /ˈtæpɪstrɪ/ noun
wall hanging or soft furnishing.
Tapir a three-toed animal resembling a pig in Central and South America. /teɪpə /teɪpɪə/ noun

Tariff a list showing duties imposed on imports or exports. /tarɪf/ noun

Tarot a card used for fortune telling. /tarəʊ/ noun
Tarry like or covered with tar. /tɑ:ri/ adjective
Tassel a tuft of loose threads secured by a knot or ornamental knob, /ˈtæsl/ noun
used to decorate soft furnishings, clothes, etc.
Taupe is a brownish gray. /təʊp/ noun
Taut stretched tightly. /tɔ:t/ adjective
Taw a fancy marble used as a shooter. /tɔ:/ noun
Tawny a shade of brown tinged with yellow. /tɔ:ni/ adjective
Taxable capable of being taxed. /takseɪb(ə)l / adjective
Teak a large East Indian tree. /ti:k/ noun
Tectonic relating to the structure of the earth’s crust and the large-scale /tɛk'tɒnɪk/ adjective
processes which take place within it.
Teflon resin coating used on nonstick pans. /tɛflɒn/ noun
Temperate relating to region with mild climate. /tɛmp(ə)rət/ adjective
Tempest violent windy storm. /tɛmpɪst/ noun
Tempestuous full of extreme emotions. /tɛm'pɛstjʊəs/ adjective
Tenet a principle or belief, especially one of the main principles of /tɛnɪt/ noun
a religion or philosophy.
Tequila is a strong liquor from Mexico. /tɪ'ki:lə/ noun
Teratogenic relating to an agent or factor which causes malformation of an /tɛrətə'dʒɛnɪk/ adjective
embryo.
Tern an aquatic bird. /tə:n/ noun
Terrace level paved area beside a building. /tɛrəs/ noun
Terrain stretch of land and its physical features. /tɛ'reɪn/ noun
Terrarium enclosure imitating the natural habitat for land animals. /tɛ'rɛ:rɪəm/ noun

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 Terse sparing in the use of words; abrupt. /tə:s/ adjective
Tertiary third in order, rank or importance. /tə:ʃ(ə)ri/ adjective
Tessellation the process or art of constructing, paving or inlaying with a /ˌtɛsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
mosaic of small tiles.

Tessera a small block of stone, tile, glass, or other material used in the /tɛs(ə)rə/ noun
construction of a mosaic.
Testatrix is a woman who makes a will. /tɛ'steɪtrɪks/ noun
Tetrabrach is a word of four short syllables. /tɛtrə'bræk / noun
Tetrahedron a solid having four plane triangular faces; a triangular pyramid. /tɛtrə'hi:drən/ noun

Thalassic pertaining to seas or oceans. /θə'lasɪk/ adjective

Thematic having or relating to subjects or a particular subject. /θɪ'matɪk/ adjective
Thence from a place or source previously mentioned. /ðɛns/ adverb
Theocracy is a form of government in which a deity is recognised as the /θɪ'ɒkrəsi/ noun
supreme civil ruler.
Thermostat device that automatically regulates temperature. /θə:məstat/ noun
Thespian relating to drama and the theatre. /θɛspɪən/ adjective
Thicket dense group of bushes or trees. /θɪkɪt/ noun
Thickset (especially of a man) having a strong heavy body. /θɪk'sɛt/ adjective
Thoracic of or pertaining to the thorax. /θɔ:'rasɪk/ adjective
Thought the product of mental activity. /θɔ:t/ noun
Tiara a jeweled coronet worn by women. /tɪ'ɑ:rə/ noun
Tier a row or level amongst a series. /tɪə/ noun
Timbre the characteristic quality of a sound. /tambə/ noun
Tinct to tinge or tint, as with colour. /tɪŋkt/ verb
Tinder dry material that is easily set on fire. /tɪndə/ noun
Tiramisu a layered Italian dessert. /tɪrəmɪ'su:/ noun
Tizzy a nervous or agitated state. /tɪzɪ / noun
Tofu a bland, cheeselike food, high in protein content. /təʊfu:/ noun
Token thing serving to represent a fact or reality. /təʊk(ə)n/ noun
Tomb a large grave, especially one built of stone above or below the /tu:m/ noun
ground.
Tome a large heavy book, especially one dealing with a serious topic. /təʊm/ noun

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 Topiary shrubs or trees clipped into shape for show. /təʊpɪəri/ noun
Topography the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an /tə'pɒgrəfi/ noun
area.
Toque a brimless and close-fitting hat for women. /təʊk/ noun
Torment severe physical or mental suffering. /tɔ:mɛnt/ verb
Torpedo underwater missile with propellers. /tɔ:'pi:dəʊ/ noun
Torpor a state of physical or mental inactivity; lethargy. /tɔ:pə/ noun
Torrent strong fast-moving stream of water. /tɒr(ə)nt/ noun
Torrential (of rain) falling rapidly and in copious quantities. /tə'rɛnʃ(ə)l/ adjective
Tortoise slow moving land reptile. /tɔ:təs/tɔ:tɔɪz/ noun

Torturous characterised by pain or suffering . /tɔ:tʃ(ə)rəs/ adjective

Toucan large-billed, brightly coloured bird. /tu:k(ə)n/ noun
Touché an acknowledgment that a scoring hit has been made in a /tuːˈʃeɪ/ interjection
fencing competition.
Toupee man's wig. /tu:peɪ/ noun
Tracasserie a fuss; a petty quarrel. /trəˈkas(ə)ri/ noun
Trachea the tube in the throat that carries air to the lungs. /trə'ki:ə/treɪkɪə / noun
Traction the grip of a tyre along a road or a wheel. /trakʃ(ə)n/ noun
Traditional relating to or following tradition. /trə'dɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective
Traduce to say things about somebody that are unpleasant or not true. /trə'dju:s/ verb

Traipse to walk or go aimlessly or idly. /treɪps/ verb

Traumatic deeply disturbing or distressing. /trɔːˈmætɪk/ adjective
Travail painful effort . /traveɪl/ noun
Travois transporting device pulled by an animal. /trə'vɔɪ/ noun
Treacle a thick, sticky dark syrup made from partly refined sugar; molasses. /tri:k(ə)l/ noun

Tremulous shaking slightly. /trɛmjʊləs/ adjective

Trench long narrow ditch. /trɛn(t)ʃ/ noun
Triceratops a large quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur living at the end of the /trʌɪ'sɛrətɒps/ noun
Cretaceous period.
Trident a three-pronged spear. /trʌɪd(ə)nt/ noun
Trigonometry branch of mathematics about angles and geometrical figures. /trɪgə'nɒmɪtri/ noun

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 Trinket small ornament of little value. /trɪŋkɪt/ noun
Tripe the lining of a cow’s or pig’s stomach, eaten as food. /trʌɪp/ noun
Tripod three-legged stand for a camera. /trʌɪpɒd/ noun
Triumphal done or made in order to celebrate a great success or victory. /trʌɪ'ʌmf(ə)l/ adjective

Trivial of little value or importance. /trɪvɪəl/ adjective

Troglodyte prehistoric cave dweller. /trɒglədʌɪt/ noun
Troika team of 3 horses driven abreast. /trɔɪkə/ noun
Trombone large brass musical instrument. /trɒm'bəʊn/ noun
Trope a figurative or metaphorical use of a word or expression. /trəʊp/ noun
Troublesome causing difficulty or annoyance. /trʌb(ə)ls(ə)m/ adjective
Trough a narrow depression either in the land surface, ocean bed, or /trɒf/ noun
between two successive waves.
Trousseau clothing and belongings collected by a bride for marriage. /tru:səʊ/ noun
Trouvaille a lucky find. /tru:vʌɪ/ noun
Trouvere French medieval poet. /tru:'vɛ:/ noun

Truce agreement between enemies to stop fighting for a period . /tru:s/ noun
Trumpeter a person who plays the trumpet, esp one whose duty it is to /ˈtrʌmpɪtə/ noun
play fanfares, signals, etc.
Truss tie up tightly. /trʌs/ verb
Tryst appointment to meet at a certain time and place. /trɪst/ noun
Tsunami long high sea wave caused by an earthquake. /tsu:'nɑ:mi/ noun
Tuba large brass wind instrument. /tju:bə/ noun
Tuberous having or forming thickened underground stem. /tju:b(ə)rəs/ adjective
Tubular long round and hollow like a tube. /tjubjʊ:lə/ adjective
Tulle soft fine net material. /t(j)u:l/ noun
Tumbler a person, esp a professional entertainer, who performs /ˈtʌmblə/ noun
somersaults and other acrobatic feats.
Tumescent swelling. /tjʊ'mɛs(ə)nt/ noun
Tundra vast flat treeless Arctic region. /tʌndrə/ noun
Tungsten hard steel-grey metal. /tʌŋst(ə)n/ noun
Turnstile a mechanical gate or barrier with metal arms that are turned /ˈtɜːnˌstaɪl/ noun
to admit one person at a time, usually in one direction only.

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 Turquoise a semi-precious stone, typically opaque and of a greenish-blue /ˈtɜːkwɔɪz/ noun
or sky-blue colour.
Tuxedo the usual US and Canadian name for dinner jacket. /tʌkˈsiːdəʊ/ noun
Umlaut mark used over a vowel. /ʊmlaʊt/ noun
Unabridged (of a text) not cut or shortened; complete. /ʌnəˈbrɪdʒd/ adjective
Unbridled with all restraints removed. /ʌnˈbraɪdld/ adjective
Unrequited not returned or reciprocated. /ʌnrɪ'kwʌɪtɪd/ adjective
Unwonted not customary or usual or rare. /ʌn'wəʊntɪd/ adjective
Upholstery the padding, covering, etc, of a piece of furniture. /ʌpˈhəʊlstərɪ/ noun
Vaccine an antigenic substance used to provide immunity against one /ˈvæksiːn/ noun
or several diseases.
Vacillate to waver in opinion. /ˈvæsəleɪt/ verb
Vacuous empty. /vakjʊəs/ adjective
Vacuum a space entirely devoid of matter. /ˈvækjʊəm/ noun
Vallecula any of various natural depressions or crevices, such as certain /vəˈlɛkjʊlə/ noun
fissures of the brain.
Vanguard the leading division or units of a military force. /ˈvænˌɡɑːd/ noun
Vanquished defeated or overcome in a battle, contest, etc. /ˈvæŋkwɪʃd/ verb
Variscite a secondary mineral. /værɪ,saɪt/ noun

Varnish resin dissolved in a liquid for applying on wood, metal, or /ˈvɑːnɪʃ/ noun
other materials to form a hard, clear, shiny surface when dry.

Veal the flesh of the calf used as food. /viːl/ noun

Vehement marked by intensity of feeling or conviction; emphatic. /ˈviːɪmənt/ adjective
Veneer a thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser /vɪˈnɪə/ noun
wood or other material.
Venerable (esp of a person) worthy of reverence on account of great /ˈvenərəbl/ adjective
age, religious associations, character, position, etc.

Venison the flesh of a deer, used as food. /ˈvenɪsn / noun

Ventriloquis a person, especially an entertainer, who can make their voice /vɛn'trɪləkwɪst/ noun
t appear to come from somewhere else, typically a dummy of a
person or animal.

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 Verbose using or containing an excess of words, so as to be pedantic or /vɜːˈbəʊs/ adjective
boring; prolix.
Verligtheid progression or enlightenment, especially as regards apartheid. /fəˈləxteɪt/ noun

Vermicelli very fine strands of pasta, used in soups. /ˌvɜːmɪˈtʃeli/ noun

Vermillion a bright red to reddish-orange colour. /vəˈmɪljən/ noun
Vernacular the commonly spoken language or dialect of a particular /vəˈnækjʊlə/ noun
people or place.
Vertebrae bones composing the spinal column. /və:tɪbrə/ noun
Vertiginous extremely high or steep. /və:'tɪdʒɪnəs/ adjective
Vespers a service of evening prayer in the Divine Office of the Western /ˈvɛspəz/ noun
Christian Church (sometimes said earlier in the day).

Vexillology the study of flags. /vɛksɪ'lɒlədʒi/ noun

Villein an almost free person in the middle ages. /vɪlən/ noun
Virescent turning green. /vɪ'rɛs(ə)nt/ adjective
Virtuoso a person who has a masterly or dazzling skill or technique in /ˌvɜːtʃuˈəʊsəʊ / noun
any field of activity.
Viscera the organs in the abdominal cavity. /vɪs(ə)rə/ noun
Viscid sticky and slimy. /vɪsɪd/ adjective
Vitriolic (of a substance, esp a strong acid) highly corrosive. /ˌvɪtrɪˈɒlɪk/ adjective
Voluptuous relating to, characterised by, or consisting of pleasures of the /vəˈlʌptjʊəs/ adjective
body or senses; sensual.
Vorticity a measure of the circulation of a fluid. /vɔ:'tɪsɪti/ noun
Waterborne floating or moving on water. /wɔ:təbɔ:n/ adjective

Watershed the dividing line between two adjacent river systems, such as /ˈwɔːtəˌʃɛd/ noun
a ridge.
Weaned caused (a child or young mammal) to replace mother's milk by /wiːnd/ verb
other nourishment.
Whet to sharpen by grinding or friction. /wɛt/ verb
Whippoorwi a nocturnal North American bird. /wɪpəwɪl/ noun
ll

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 Whirlpool a powerful circular current or vortex of water, usually /ˈwɜːlˌpuːl/ noun
produced by conflicting tidal currents or by eddying at the
foot of a waterfall.
Wholesome conducive to or suggestive of good health and physical /ˈhəʊlsəm/ adjective
wellbeing.
Widgeon a common, freshwater duck. /wɪdʒ(ə)n/ noun
Wok a pan used in cooking Chinese food. /wɒk/ noun
Wraith a visible spirit. /reɪθ/ noun
Xylophone a musical instrument made of two rows of wooden bars of /ˈzaɪləˌfəʊn/ noun
different lengths that you hit with two small sticks.
Xylose a colourless crystalline sugar. /zʌɪləʊz/ noun
Yarmulke a skullcap worn by orthodox male Jews at all times, and by /ˈjɑːməlkə/ noun
others during prayer.
Yearling an animal, especially a horse, between one and two years old. /ˈjɪəlɪŋ/ noun

Yttrium a rare metallic element. /ɪtrɪəm/ noun

Yurt a tentlike dwelling of the Mongols. /jʊət/ noun
Zaftig (of a woman) having a full, rounded figure; plump. /ˈzaftɪg/ adjective
Zealot a person who is extremely enthusiastic about something, /ˈzɛlət/ noun
especially religion or politics.
Zeppelin a large cylindrical rigid airship built from 1900 to carry /ˈzɛpəlɪn/ noun
passengers, and used in World War I for bombing and
reconnaissance.
Zinciferous yielding or containing zinc. /zɪŋ'kɪfərəs / adjective
Zippy full of energy; lively. /ˈzɪpɪ/ adjective
Zoanthropy a mental disorder in which one believes oneself to be an animal. /zəʊ'anθrəpi/ noun

Zucchetto a skullcap worn by Roman Catholic ecclesiastics. /tsʊ'kɛtəʊ/ noun

Zucchini a small variety of vegetable marrow, cooked and eaten as a /zuˈkiːni / noun
vegetable.
Zugzwang a position in which one player can move only with loss or severe /ˈtsuːktsvaŋ/ noun
disadvantage.

Zygote a single cell that develops into a person or animal, formed by /ˈzaɪɡəʊt/ noun
the joining together of a male and a female gamete.

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 TV ROUND
Word Meaning Phonetics Parts of Speech
Aardvark a nocturnal burrowing African mammal. /ˈɑːdvɑːk/ noun
Aberrant not usual or not socially acceptable. /əˈbɛr(ə)nt/ adjective
Abeyance a state of temporary disuse or suspension. /əˈbeɪəns/ noun
Abstruse difficult to understand. /əbˈstruːs/ adjective
Abysmal extremely bad or of a very low standard. /əˈbɪzm(ə)l/ adjective
Acquaintance one's slight knowledge of or friendship with someone. /əˈkweɪnt(ə)ns/ noun
Adenocarcino a malignant tumour formed from glandular structures in epithelial /adɪnəʊ,kɑ:sɪ'nəʊmə/ noun
ma tissue.
Adiabatic relating to or denoting a process or condition in which heat does /eɪdʌɪə'batɪk/ adjective
not enter or leave the system concerned.
Adnauseam used to refer to the fact that something has been done or repeated /ad ˈnɔːzɪam / adjective
so often that it has becomeannoying or tiresome.
Adolescence the period in human development that occurs between the /adəˈlɛs(ə)ns/ noun
beginning of puberty and adulthood.
Adventitious happening or carried on according to chance rather than design or /ˌadv(ə)nˈtɪʃəs/ adjective
inherent nature.
Aegean relating to the region comprising the Aegean Sea and /i:'dʒi:ən/ noun
its coasts and islands.
Aegis the protection, backing, or support of a particular person or /iːdʒɪs/ noun
organisation.
Aesthetic a set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of /i:s'θɛtɪks/ noun
beauty.
Affenpinscher a breed of dog with wiry hair. /ˈafənˌpɪnʃə/ noun
Aficionado a person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about a /əˌfɪsjəˈnɑːdəʊ / noun
particular activity or subject.
Afrikaans a language of southern Africa derived from Dutch, an official /ˌafrɪˈkɑːns/ noun
language of South Africa.
Allegiance loyalty, as of a subject to his sovereign or of a citizen to his country. /əˈliːdʒ(ə)ns/ noun

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 Amateur engaging or engaged in without payment; nonprofessional. /ˈæmətə(r)/ adjective
Ambidextrous able to use the left hand or the right hand equally well. /ˌambɪˈdɛkstrəs/ adjective
Amputee a person who has had a limb cut off. /ampjʊˈtiː/ noun
Amygdala a roughly almond-shaped mass of grey matter inside each cerebral /ə'mɪgdələ/ noun
hemisphere, involved with the experiencing of emotions.

Anachronism an act of attributing a custom, event, or object to a time period to /əˈnakrəˌnɪz(ə)m/ noun
which it does not belong.
Anachronistic a person or practise that is out of its proper or chronological order. /əˈnakrəˌnɪz(ə)m/ adjective

Anacoluthon a sentence or construction in which the expected grammatical /anəkə'lu:θɒn/ noun

sequence is absent
Anomalous deviating from what is standard or expected, abnormal. /əˈnɒm(ə)ləs/ adjective
Apartheid a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of /əˈpɑːtheɪt, əˈpɑːtʌɪd/ noun
race.
Apiece (used after a noun or number) having, costing or measuring a /əˈpiːs/ adverb
particular amount each.
Apophthegm a short, pithy saying. /ˈapəθɛm/ noun
Appellate concerned with or dealing with applications for decisions to be /əˈpɛlət/ adjective
reversed.
Appoggiatura music a grace note which delays the next note of the melody, taking /əˌpɒdʒəˈtjʊərə/ noun
half or more of its written time value.
Apprehension anxious or fearful anticipation. /aprɪˈhɛnʃ(ə)n/ noun
Armistice an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a /ɑ:mɪstɪs/ noun
certain time; a truce.
Arpeggio the notes of a chord played in rapid succession, either ascending or /ɑ:'pɛdʒɪəʊ/ noun
descending.
Asbestos a heat-resistant fibrous silicate mineral that can be woven into /azˈbɛstɒs / noun
fabrics.
Ascendency occupation of a position of dominant power or influence. /ə'sɛnd(ə)nsi/ noun
Assailant a person who physically attacks another. /ə'seɪl(ə)nt/ noun
Asthma a respiratory condition causing difficulty in breathing. /ˈasmə/ noun
Atrocity an extremely wicked or cruel act, typically one involving physical /ə'trɒsɪti/ noun
violence or injury.
Audacity a willingness to take bold risks. /ɔ:'dasɪti/ noun

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 Auscultation the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other /ˌɔːsk(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
organs, typically with a stethoscope.
Austere severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance. /ɒˈstɪə, ɔː-/ adjective
Autobahn a German, Austrian, or Swiss expressway. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)bɑːn / noun
Autochthon an indigenous inhabitant of a place. /ɔːˈtɒkθ(ə)n / noun

Auxiliary providing supplementary or additional help and support. /ɔːgˈzɪlɪəri, ɒg-/ adjective
Avizandum a judge's or court's private consideration of a case before giving /ˌavɪˈzandəm/ noun
judgment.
Ayahuasca a tropical vine native to the Amazon region, noted for its /ˌʌɪəˈwaskə/ noun
hallucinogenic properties.
Azerbaijan a country in southwestern Asia. /ˌazəbʌɪˈdʒɑːn/ noun
Azimuth the direction of a celestial object, measured clockwise around the /ˈazɪməθ/ noun
observer's horizon from north.
Baccalaureate a university bachelor's degree. /ˌbakəˈlɔːrɪət/ noun
Baccarat a gambling card game in which players hold two- or three-card /bakərɑ:/ noun
hands, the winning hand being that giving the highest remainder
when its face value is divided by ten.
Baedeker a guidebook to countries or a country named after the German /ˈbeɪdɪkə, ˈbɛːdəkɐ/ noun
publisher Karl Baedeker.
Balneal of or relating to a bath, bathing, or a bathroom. /balni:l/ adjective
Baloney foolish or deceptive talk; nonsense. /bə'ləʊni/ noun
Bannister the structure formed by the uprights and handrail at the side of a /banɪstə/ noun
staircase.
Baroque relating to a style of European architecture, music, and art of the /bəˈrɒk, -ˈrəʊk/ adjective
17th and 18th centuries that followed Mannerism.
Barracuda a large predatory tropical marine fish with a slender body and large /,barə'ku:də/ noun
jaws and teeth.
Barrette a typically bar-shaped clip or ornament for the hair. /baˈrɛt/ noun
Bayou a marshy outlet of a lake or river. /ˈbʌɪuː/ noun
Beige a pale sandy yellowish-brown. /beɪʒ, beɪdʒ/ noun
Beleaguered experiencing a lot of difficulties, opposition, or criticism. /bɪˈliːɡə(r)d/ verb
Bilious affected by or associated with nausea or vomiting. /bɪlɪəs/ adjective
Bivouac a temporary camp without tents or cover. /ˈbɪvʊˌæk/ noun
Bivouacking staying in a temporary camp without tents or cover. /ˈbɪvʊˌækɪŋ/ verb

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 Bizarre very strange or unusual. /bɪˈzɑː/ adjective
Blanch make white or pale by extracting colour. /blɑ:n(t)ʃ / verb
Blasphemy the act or offense of speaking sacrilegiously about God or sacred /ˈblæsfəmi/ noun
things; profane talk.
Bleak an area of land lacking vegetation and exposed to the elements. /bliːk/ adjective

Blepharitis inflammation of the eyelid. /,blɛfə'rʌɪtɪs/ noun

Bodach an old man or peasant. /bəʊdɑːx/ noun
Bolshevik a member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic /bɒlʃɪvɪk/ noun
Party, which seized power in the October Revolution of 1917.

Borborygmus a rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and /ˌbɔːbəˈrɪgməs/ noun
gas in the intestines.
Boscage a mass of trees or shrubs. /bɒskɪdʒ/ noun
Boutonniere a flower worn by man in his lapel. /ˌbuːtɒnˈjɛː/ noun
Brasserie a type of restaurant, often one in a French style that is not very /ˈbræsəri/ noun
expensive.
Brooch an ornament fastened to clothing with a hinged pin and catch. /brəʊtʃ/ noun

Buffet a meal consisting of several dishes from which guests serve /ˈbʊfeɪ/ noun
themselves.
Burgeoning begin to grow or increase rapidly; flourish. /bə:dʒ(ə)n/ verb
Burlesque a comically exaggerated imitation, especially in a literary or /bɜː(r)ˈlesk/ noun
dramatic work; a parody.
Cachet the state of being respected or admired; prestige. /ˈkæʃeɪ/ noun
Cacoethes an irresistible urge to do something inadvisable. /ˌkakəʊˈiːθiːz/ noun
Cacophonous having an unpleasant sound. /kəˈkɒf(ə)nəs/ adjective
Caesura a pause near the middle of a line. /sɪˈzjʊərə/ noun
Cairngorm a semi-precious variety of quartz ranging in colour from light /kɛ:ngɔ;m/ noun
greyish brown to nearly black.
Camomile an aromatic perennial herb. /ˈkæməmaɪl/ noun
Canaille the masses; mob; rabble. /kəˈnɑːi, kanaj/ noun
Canoe a narrow, keelless boat with pointed ends, propelled by a paddle or /kəˈnuː/ noun
paddles.
Canonical (of a writer or work) belonging to the literary canon. /kə'nɒnɪk(ə)l/ adjective
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 Cantaloupe a small, round melon of a variety with orange flesh and ribbed skin. /ˈkæntəluːp/ noun

Cappuccino a type of coffee made with milk that has been frothed up with /ˌkæpəˈtʃiːnəʊ/ noun
pressurised steam.
Carafe an open-topped glass flask typically used for serving water. /kəˈræf/ noun
Cardigan a knitted jumper fastening down the front. /kɑ:dəməm/ noun
Carousel a merry-go-round at a fair. /ˌkarəˈsɛl / noun
Carrefour a public square, plaza, or marketplace where roads converge. ͝
/karəfoor,/ noun
Cascara a purgative made from the dried bark of an American buckthorn. /kas'kɑ:rə/ noun

Cashmere fine soft wool obtained from the Kashmir goat. /kaʃˈmɪə / noun
Catafalque a decorated platform on which the dead body of a famous person is /ˈkatəfalk/ noun
placed before a funeral.
Catamaran a yacht or other boat with twin hulls in parallel. /katəmə'ran/ noun
Catarrh excessive discharge or buildup of mucus in the nose or throat. /kəˈtɑː/ noun

Catastrophe an event causing great damage or suffering. /kəˈtastrəfi/ noun

Cemetery a burial ground; a graveyard. /ˈsɛmɪtri/ noun
Cercopithecine an Old World monkey of a group that includes the macaques, /ˌsəːkə(ʊ)ˈpɪθɪsiːn/ noun
mangabeys, baboons, and guenons.
Chafe (With reference to a part of the body) make or become sore by /tʃeɪf/ verb
rubbing against something.
Chamberlain a chief officer in the household of a king or nobleman. /ˈtʃeɪmbəlɪn/ noun
Chamois soft pliable leather made from the skin of sheep, goats, or deer. /ˈʃamwɑː/ noun

Chandelier a decorative hanging light with branches for several light bulbs or /ˌʃandəˈlɪə/ noun
candles.
Chanteuse a female singer of popular songs. /ʃɑ:n'tə:z/ noun
Charabanc an early type of bus, used in the past especially for pleasure trips. /ˈʃarəbaŋ/ noun

Charcuterie cold cooked meats. /ʃɑ:'ku:t(ə)ri/ noun

Charlatan a person falsely claiming to have a special knowledge or skill. /ʃɑ:lət(ə)n/ noun

Chartreuse a pale green or yellow liqueur made from brandy and aromatic /ʃɑ:'trə:z/ noun
herbs.

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 Chauffeur a person employed to drive a private or rented automobile. /ˈʃəʊfə, ʃəʊˈfəː/ noun
Chiaroscuro the way light and shade are shown; the contrast between light and /kɪˌɑːrəˈskʊərəʊ/ noun
shade.
Chicanery the use of trickery to achieve a political, financial, or legal purpose. /ʃɪˈkeɪnəri/ noun

Chinoiserie a decorative style in Western art, furniture, and architecture, /ʃɪn'wɑ:zəri/ noun
characterised by the use of Chinese motifs and techniques.

Chisel a tool with a sharp flat edge at the end, used for shaping wood, /ˈtʃɪz(ə)lɪŋ/ verb
stone or metal
Choir an organised group of singers, typically one that takes part in church /ˈkwʌɪə/ noun
service.
Chrysoprase golden-green precious stone. /ˈkrɪsə(ʊ)preɪz/ noun
Chutzpah extreme self-confidence or audacity. /ˈxʊtspə/ noun
Chypre a heady perfume made from sandalwood. /ʃiːpr(ə)/ noun
Ciguatera poisoning by neurotoxins as a result of eating the flesh of a tropical /ˌsɪgwəˈtɛːrə/ noun
marine fish that carries a toxic dinoflagellate.
Circuit a roughly circular line, route, or movement that starts and finishes /ˈsəːkɪt/ noun
at the same place.
Cirrhosis a chronic liver disease. /sɪˈrəʊsɪs/ noun
Clerestory high windows above eye level especially in a church. /ˈklɪəˌstɔːri/ noun

Clientele the customers of a shop, bar, or place of entertainment. /ˌkliːɒnˈtɛl/ noun

Cloisonne enamelware in which colored areas are separated by thin metal /ˈklwɑːzɒneɪ,-ˈzɒneɪ/ noun
strips.
Cnidarian radially symmetrical animals having saclike bodies with only one /nɪˈdɛːrɪən/ noun
opening and tentacles.
Coccyx a small, triangular bone at the base of the spinal column, formed of /ˈkɒksɪks/ noun
fused vestigial vertebrae.
Coercion the act of compelling by force of authority. /kəʊˈəːʃ(ə)n/ noun
Cologne a perfume originating from Cologne, Germany. /kəˈləʊn/ noun
Complaisance a disposition or tendency to yield to the will of others. /kəmˈpleɪz(ə)ns/ noun
Concierge a caretaker of an apartment complex or a small hotel, typically one /ˈkɒnsɪɛːʒ/ noun
living on the premises.
Conduit a channel for conveying water or other fluid. /ˈkɒndjʊɪt, ˈkɒndɪt/ noun

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 Connivance willingness to allow or be secretly involved in an immoral or illegal /kə'nʌɪv(ə)ns/ noun
act.
Connotation an idea or feeling that a word invokes for a person in addition to its /kɒnəˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
literal or primary meaning.
Conscientious wishing to do what is right, esp. to do one's work or duty well and /ˌkɒnʃɪˈɛnʃəs/ adjective
thoroughly.
Continuum a continuous sequence in which adjacent elements are not /kənˈtɪnjʊəm/ noun
perceptibly different from each other.
Convalesce recover one's health and strength over a period of time after an /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛs/ verb
illness or operation.
Convivial (Of an atmosphere or event) friendly, lively, and enjoyable. /kən'vɪvɪəl/ adjective
Corduroy a thick cotton fabric with velvety ribs. /ˈkɔːdərɔɪ,-djʊ-/ noun
Cormorant a large voracious diving bird with a long neck. /ˈkɔːm(ə)r(ə)nt/ noun
Corsair a pirate. /kɔ:'sɛ:/ noun
Countenance a person's face or facial expression. /ˈkaʊnt(ə)nəns / noun
Creosote a dark brown oil distilled from coal tar and used as a wood /ˈkriːəsəʊt/ noun
preservative.
Cretaceous the last period of the Mesozoic era, between the Jurassic and /krɪˈteɪʃəs/ adjective
Tertiary periods.
Crevice a narrow opening or fissure, especially in a rock or wall. /ˈkrɛvɪs/ noun
Crochet a handicraft in which yarn is looped into a patterned fabric with a /ˈkrəʊʃeɪ,-ʃi/ noun
hooked needle.
Croquet a game played on a lawn, in which colored wooden balls are driven /ˈkrəʊkeɪ,-ki/ noun
through a series of wickets by means of mallets.
Cuirass a piece of armor consisting of breastplate and backplate fastened /kwɪˈras/ noun
together.

Culottes women's knee-length trousers, cut with very full legs to resemble a /kjuːˈlɒt(s)/ noun
skirt.
Cuneiform an ancient system of writing used in Persia and Assyria. /ˈkjuːnɪfɔːm,kjuːˈneɪɪfɔː adjective
m/
Curmudgeon a bad-tempered person, often an old one. /kəːˈmʌdʒ(ə)n/ noun
Cynic a person who believes that people only do things to help /ˈsɪnɪk/ noun
themselves, rather than for good or sincere reasons.

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 Cynicism an attitude of scornful or jaded negativity, especially a general /ˈsɪnɪsɪz(ə)m/ noun
distrust of the integrity or professed motives of others.

Cyrillic the alphabet used by many slavic languages. /sɪˈrɪlɪk/ noun

Czechoslovakian people or language of Czechoslovakia. /ˌtʃɛkə(ʊ)sləˈvakɪən/ adjective

Dandelion a widely distributed plant of the daisy family. /ˈdandɪlʌɪən/ noun

Dasyure any of several more or less arboreal marsupials somewhat /ˈdasɪjʊə/ noun
resembling martens.
Debut a person's first appearance or performance in a particular capacity /ˈdeɪbju / noun
or role.
Delectable (of food or drink) delicious. /dɪˈlɛktəb(ə)l/ adjective
Delicate easily damaged or broken. /ˈdelɪkət/ adjective
Delphinium a popular garden plant of the buttercup family, which bears tall /dɛl'fɪnɪəm/ noun
spikes of blue flowers.
Démenti an official denial of a published statement. /deɪ'mɒ̃ ti/ noun
Demilune a crescent or half-circle, or a thing of this shape. /dɛmɪlu:n/ noun
Démodé out of fashion. /deɪ'məʊdeɪ/ adjective
Demurrage the detention of a ship by the freighter beyond the time allowed /dɪˈmʌrɪdʒ/ noun
for loading, unloading, or sailing.
Denigrate to belittle or attack someone's reputation. /ˈdɛnɪgreɪt/ noun
Denunciation an act of criticising somebody/something strongly in public. /dɪˈnʌnsɪət(ə)ri, - adjective
ˈnʌnʃɪət(ə)ri/
Depot a place for the storage of large quantities of equipment, food, or /ˈdɛpəʊ/ noun
some other commodity.
Derailleur a bicycle mechanism that moves the chain out and up, allowing it /dɪˈreɪl(j)ə/ noun
to shift to different cogs.
Destitute without money, food and the other things necessary for life /ˈdestɪtjuːt/ adjective
Desultory lacking a plan, purpose, or enthusiasm. /ˈdɛs(ə)lt(ə)ri / adjective
Diamanté decorated with glass cut to resemble diamonds /dɪə'mɒnteɪ/ adjective
Dichotomy a division or contrast between two things that are or are /dʌɪ'kɒtəmi/ noun
represented as being opposed or entirely different:
Diocese a district under the pastoral care of a Christian bishop. /ˈdʌɪəsɪs/ noun

Diphthong sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single /ˈdɪfθɒŋ,ˈdɪp-/ noun
syllable.

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 Disavow deny any responsibility or support for. /dɪsəˈvaʊ/ verb
Disciple a personal follower of Jesus during his life, esp. one of the twelve /dɪˈsʌɪp(ə)l/ noun
Apostles.
Discombob- disconcert or confuse (someone). /ˌdɪskəmˈbɒbjʊleɪt/ adjective
ulate
Discordant disagreeing or incongruous. /dɪ'skɔ:d(ə)nt/ adjective
Discrete independent of other things of the same type. /dɪˈskriːt/ adjective
Dissension disagreement that leads to discord /dɪ'sɛnʃ(ə)n/ noun
Diurnal (of animals) active during the day. /dʌɪ'ə:n(ə)l/ adjective
Djibouti a country on the northeastern coast of Africa. /dʒɪˈbuːti/ noun
Dolichocephalic having a relatively long skull. /ˌdɒlɪkə(ʊ)sɪˈfalɪk / adjective

Doppelgänger an apparition or double of a living person. /dɒp(ə)l,gaŋə/ noun

Dovecote a shelter with nest holes for domesticated pigeons. /ˈdʌvkɒt/ noun
Dressage the art of riding and training a horse in a manner that develops /drɛsɑ:(d)ʒ/ noun
obedience, flexibility, and balance.
Drugget a coarse woven fabric used to make floor coverings. /drʌgɪt/ noun
Ebullient cheerful and full of energy. /ɪˈbʌljənt / adjective
Ecchymosis a discolouration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath. /ˌɛkɪˈməʊsɪs/ noun

Ecclesiastic a priest or clergyman. /ɪˌkliːzɪˈastɪk/ noun

Echidna a spiny insectivorous egg-laying mammal with a long snout and /ɪˈkɪdnə/ noun
claws.
Echolalia meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words as a /ˌɛkəʊˈleɪlɪə/ noun
symptom of psychiatric disorder.
Efficacy the ability to produce a desired or intended result. /ˈɛfɪkəsi/ noun
Eidetic relating to or denoting mental images having unusual /ʌɪ'dɛtɪk/ adjective
vividness and detail, as if actually visible.
Elicit to get information or a reaction from somebody, often with /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ verb
difficulty.
Encomium a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something /ɛnˈkəʊmɪəm/ noun
highly.
Enervate cause (someone) to feel drained of energy. /ˈɛnəveɪt/ verb
Ennui listlessness and dissatisfaction arising from a lack of occupation or /ɒnˈwiː/ noun
excitement.
Ensconce establish or settle (someone) in a comfortable, safe place. /ɪn'skɒns/ verb
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 Ensemble a group of musicians, actors, or dancers who perform together. /ɒnˈsɒmb(ə)l/ noun

Enshroud envelop completely and hide from view. /ɪn'ʃraʊd/ verb

Entrepôt a port, city, or other centre to which goods are brought for import /ɒntrəpəʊ/ noun
and export, and for collection and distribution.
Epaulette an ornamental shoulder piece on an item of clothing, especially on /ɛpəlɛt/ noun
the coat or jacket of a military uniform.
Ephemeral lasting for a very short time. /ɪˈfɛm(ə)r(ə)l / adjective
Equilibrium a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced. /,i:kwɪ'lɪbrɪəm/ noun
Equinoctial relating to an equinox; Relating to the celestial equator. /ˌiːkwɪˈnɒkʃ(ə)l,ˌɛkwɪ-/ adjective
Equipoise balance of forces or interests. /ɛkwɪpɔɪz/ noun
Erroneous wrong; incorrect. /ɪ'rəʊnɪəs/ adjective
Escargot the edible snail, especially as an item on a menu. /ɛ'skɑ:gəʊ/ noun
Eschew to deliberately avoid or keep away from something. /ɪs'tʃu:/ verb
Escritoire a small writing desk with drawers and compartments. /,ɛskri:'twɑ:/ noun
Esoteric intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of /ˌɛsəˈtɛrɪk,ˌiːsə-/ adjective
people with a specialised knowledge or interest.

Estuary the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream. /ɛstjʊ(ə)ri/ noun

Ethereal extremely delicate and light in a way that seems not to be of this /ɪ'θɪərɪəl/ adjective
world.
Etiquette the customary code of polite behaviour in a society. /ˈɛtɪkɛt, ɛtɪˈkɛt/ noun
Exhilarate make (someone) feel very happy, animated, or elated. /ɪgˈzɪləreɪt / verb
Exigence an urgent need or demand that you must deal with. /ɛksɪdʒ(ə)ns/ noun
Exonerate (of an official body) absolve (someone) from blame for a fault or /ɪg'zɒnəreɪt/ verb
wrongdoing.
Exsanguinatio the action of draining a person, animal, or organ of blood. /ɪkˌsaŋgwɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n / noun
n
Extramundan outside or beyond the physical world. /ɛkstrə'mʌndeɪn/ adjective
e
Eyrie the lofty nest of a bird of prey (such as a hawk or eagle). /ˈɪəri / noun
Facetious treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; /fəˈsiːʃəs/ adjective
flippant.
Facilitate to make an action or a process possible or easier. /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ verb
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 Facultative occurring optionally in response to circumstances rather than by /fak(ə)l,tətɪv/ adjective
nature.
Fáilte welcome. /fɑ:ltə/ interjection
Fainéant an idle or ineffective person. /feɪneɪɒ̃/ noun
Falchion a broad, slightly curved sword with the cutting edge on the convex /fɔ:l(t)ʃ(ə)n/ noun
side.
Falconet a light cannon. /fɔ:(l)k(ə)nɪt/ noun
Fallacy a mistaken belief, esp. one based on unsound argument. /ˈfaləsi/ noun
Fanfaronade arrogant or boastful talk. /ˌfanfarəˈneɪd / noun

Fascicle a separately published instalment of a book or other printed work. /fasɪk(ə)l/ noun

Fauteuil a wooden seat in the form of an armchair with open sides and /fəʊˈtəːi/ noun
upholstered arms.
Feign pretend to be affected by (a feeling, state, or injury). /feɪn/ verb
Feoffment a grant of lands as a fee. /ˈfiːfm(ə)nt / noun
Fiacre a small four-wheeled carriage for public hire. /fɪˈɑːkrə / noun
Fiduciary law Involving trust, especially with regard to the relationship /fɪ'dju:ʃ(ə)ri/ adjective
between a trustee and a beneficiary.
Finagle obtain by dishonest or devious means. /fɪ'neɪg(ə)l/ verb
Finesse great skill in dealing with people or situations, especially in a /fɪˈnɛs/ noun
delicate way.
Flamboyant of a person or their behaviour) tending to attract attention because /flam'bɔɪənt/ adjective
of their exuberance, confidence, and stylishness.
Flèche a slender spire, typically over the intersection of the nave and the /fleɪʃ/ noun
transept of a church.
Flibbertigibbe a frivolous, flighty, or excessively talkative person. /ˌflɪbətɪˈdʒɪbɪt/ noun
t
Fluorescent (of substances) producing bright light by using some forms /flʊəˈrɛs(ə)nt / adjective
of radiation.
Foliage the leaves of a tree or plant; leaves and branches together. /ˈfəʊlɪɪdʒ/ noun
Forecastle the forward part of a ship below the deck, traditionally used as the /fəʊks(ə)l/ noun
crew’s living quarters.
Formidable inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, /ˈfɔːmɪdəb(ə)l / adjective
intense, or capable.

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 Fouetté a quick whipping movement of the raised leg in ballet usually /ˈfwɛteɪ/ noun
accompanying a pirouette.
Frabjous delightful; joyous. /frabdʒəs/ adjective
Gaelic a language spoken in western Scotland. /ˈgeɪlɪk/ noun
Gaillardia An American plant of the daisy family, which is cultivated for its /geɪ'lɑ:dɪə/ noun
bright red and yellow flowers.
Galleon a large sailing ship in use from the 15th - 18th centuries. /ˈgalɪən/ noun
Gargoyle an ugly figure of a person or an animal that is made of stone and /gɑ:gɔɪl/ noun
through which water is carried away from the roof of a building,
especially a church.
Garrulity the quality of being wordy and talkative. /gaˈruːlɪti/ adjective
Gastrocnemius the chief muscle of the calf of the leg, which flexes the knee and /ˌgastrə(ʊ)ˈkniːmɪəs/ noun
foot.
Gauche lacking ease or grace; unsophisticated and socially awkward. /gəʊʃ/ adjective

Gaucho a cowboy from the South American pampas. /gaʊtʃəʊ/ noun

Gaunt (of a person) Lean and haggard, esp. because of suffering, hunger, /gɔːnt/ adjective
or age.
Genuflect to move your body into a lower position by bending one or both /ˈdʒɛnjʊflɛkt/ verb
knees, as a sign of respect during worship in a church.
Georgette a thin silk or crêpe dress material. /dʒɔ:'dʒɛt/ noun
Gerbera a plant of the daisy family, native to Asia and Africa, with large brightly /dʒə:b(ə)rə / noun
coloured flowers.
Gerrymandering manipulate the boundaries of an electoral constituency so as to /ˈdʒɛrɪˌmændərɪŋ/ verb
favor one party or class.
Gesundheit a German expression sed to wish good health to a person who has /gɛˈzʌndhʌɪt/ interjection
just sneezed.
Gherkin a small variety of cucumber, or a young green cucumber used for /ˈgəːkɪn/ noun
pickling.
Ghetto a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority /ˈgɛtəʊ/ noun
group.
Gingham lightweight plain-woven cotton cloth, typically checked in white and /ˈgɪŋəm/ noun
a colour.
Ginglymus a joint (as between the humerus and ulna) allowing motion in one /ˈgɪŋglɪməs/ noun
plane only.

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 Ginseng a plant tuber credited with various tonic and medicinal properties. /ˈdʒɪnsɛŋ/ noun

Girth the measurement around a person's waist. /gəːθ/ noun

Gleichschaltung the enforcement of standardisation and the elimination of all /ˈglʌɪxˌʃaltʊŋ/ noun
opposition within the institutions of a state.
Glissando (of music) a continuous slide upward or downward between two /glɪ'sandəʊ/ noun
notes.
Glockenspiel a musical instrument. /ˈglɒk(ə)nspiːl / noun
Gneiss a metamorphic rock with a banded or foliated structure. /nʌɪs/ noun
Gouache a method of painting using opaque pigments ground in water and /guːˈɑːʃ,gwɑːʃ/ noun
thickened with a gluelike substance.
Gourmet a connoisseur of good food. /ˈgʊəmeɪ / noun
Grenadier a soldier armed with grenades. /grɛnə'dɪə/ noun
Grievance a real or imagined cause for complaint. /ˈgriːv(ə)ns/ noun
Grimoire a book of magic spells and invocations. /grɪm'wɑ:/ noun
Grommet an eyelet placed in a hole to protect or insulate a rope or cable /grɒmɪt/ noun
passed through it or to reinforce the hole.
Grosgrain a heavy ribbed fabric, typically of silk or rayon. /grəʊgreɪn/ noun
Gubernatorial of or relating to a governor. /ˌg(j)uːbənəˈtɔːrɪəl/ adjective
Guillotine a machine, for cutting people's heads off. /ˈgɪlətiːn / noun
Guyot an undersea mountain with a flat top. /ˈgiːəʊ/ noun

Gymnastic physical exercises designed to develop strength and coordination. /dʒɪmˈnastɪk/ adjective

Habitue a frequent or habitual visitor to a place. /(h)əˈbɪtjʊeɪ/ noun

Hackmatack any of a number of North American coniferous trees, in particular /hakmətak/ noun
the tamarack.
Hackneyed (of a phrase or idea) lacking significance through having been /ˈhaknɪd/ adjective
overused.
Haeremai used as a Maori greeting. /ˌhʌɪrə ˈmʌɪ/ interjection
Hakenkreuz a swastika, especially as a Nazi symbol. /ˈhɑːk(ə)nˌkrɔɪts/ noun
Handkerchief a small piece of material or paper that you use for blowing your /ˈhaŋkətʃɪf/ noun
nose, etc.
Harlequin a mute character in traditional pantomime, typically masked and /ˈhɑːlɪkwɪn/ noun
dressed in a diamond-patterned costume.

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 Haruspex (in ancient Rome) a religious official who interpreted omens by /həˈrʌspɛks/ noun
inspecting the entrails of sacrificial animals.
Haustellum the sucking organ or proboscis of an insect or crustacean. /hɔːˈstɛləm/ noun
Heather a purple-flowered Eurasian heath that grows abundantly on /ˈhɛðə/ noun
moorland and heathland.
Heifer a young female cow that has not borne a calf /ˈhɛfə/ noun
Heinous morally very bad. /ˈheɪnəs,ˈhiːnəs/ adjective
Hellebore a poisonous winter-flowering Eurasian plant of the buttercup /hɛlɪbɔ:/ noun
family.
Heraldry the system by which coats of arms and other armorial bearings are /hɛr(ə)ldri/ noun
devised, described, and regulated.
Herculean muscular and strong. /ˌhəːkjʊˈliːən / adjective
Hermetic (of a seal or closure) complete and airtight. /hə:'mɛtɪk/ adjective
Hessian a strong, coarse fabric made from hemp or jute, used for sacks and /hɛsɪən/ noun
upholstery.
Hiatus a pause or gap in a sequence, series, or process. /hʌɪˈeɪtəs/ noun
Holarctic relating to or denoting a zoogeographical region comprising the /hə(ʊ)'lɑ:ktɪk/ adjective
Nearctic and Palaearctic regions combined.
Homily a religious discourse which is intended primarily for spiritual /hɒmɪli/ noun
edification rather than doctrinal instruction.
Homogeneity the quality of being similar or comparable in kind or nature. /ˌhɒmə(ʊ)dʒɪˈneɪɪti/ noun
Homoousian a person who held that God the Father and God the Son are of the /ˌhɒməʊˈuːsɪən / noun
same substance.
Howitzer a short gun for firing shells on high trajectories at low velocities. /ˈhaʊɪtsə/ noun

Hummus a thick paste or spread made from ground chickpeas and sesame /hʊməs/ noun
seeds, olive oil, lemon, and garlic, made originally in the Middle
East.
Hwyl a stirring, emotional feeling. /ˈhuːɪl/ noun
Hyoid a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue. /ˈhʌɪɔɪd/ noun
Hysteresis the phenomenon in which the value of a physical property lags /ˌhɪstəˈriːsɪs/ noun
behind changes in the effect causing it.
Iconoclastic one who attacks and seeks to overthrow traditional or popular /ˌʌɪkɒnəˈklastɪk/ noun
ideas or institutions.

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 Icosahedron a solid figure with twenty plane faces, esp. equilateral triangular /ˌʌɪkɒsəˈhiːdrən / noun
ones.
Idiosyncrasy a person's particular way of behaving, thinking, etc, especially when /ˌɪdɪə(ʊ)ˈsɪŋkrəsi/ noun
it is unusual.
Idolatrous worshiping idols. /aɪˈdɒlətrəs/ adjective
Illuminati people claiming to possess special enlightenment or knowledge of /ɪ,l(j)u:mɪ'nɑ:ti/ noun
something.
Illusory based on illusion; not real. /ɪˈl(j)uːs(ə)ri/ adjective
Impeccable without mistakes or faults. /ɪmˈpɛkəb(ə)l/ adjective
Imperiousnes the trait of being imperious and overbearing. /ɪmˈpɪərɪəsnɛs/ noun
s
Imperturbabl unable to be upset or excited; calm. /ɪmpə'tə:bəb(ə)l/ adjective
e
Impetuosity acting or done quickly and without thinking carefully about the /ɪmˈpɛtjʊɒsɪti/ noun
results.
Impetus the force or energy or momentum with which a body moves. /ˈɪmpɪtəs/ noun

Impugn dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of a statement or motive. /ɪmˈpjuːn/ verb

Inconsequent not important or significant. /ɪnkɒnsɪ'kwɛnʃ(ə)l/ adjective

ial
Incontrovert not able to be denied or disputed. /ɪnkɒntrə'və:tɪb(ə)l/ adjectives
ible
Incunabulum an early printed book, especially one printed before 1501. /ɪnkjʊ'nabjʊləm/ noun
Indefeasible that cannot be annulled or made void. /ˌɪndɪˈfiːzɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Ingenue an innocent young woman, especially in a film/movie or play. /ˈãʒən(j)uː/ noun

Ingurgitation to swallow greedily or in excessive amounts; gulp. /ɪnˈgəːdʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ verb

Inselberg an isolated hill or mountain rising abruptly from a plain. /ˈɪns(ə)lbəːg / noun
Insubstantial lacking strength and solidity. /ɪnsəb'stanʃ(ə)l/ adjective
Insurrection a violent uprising against an authority or government. /ɪnsə'rɛkʃ(ə)n/ noun
Internecine destructive to both sides in a conflict. /ɪntə'ni:sʌɪn/ adjective

Intussuscepti the growth of a cell wall by the deposition of cellulose. /ˌɪntəsəˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ noun
ons
Inveigh speak or write about something with great hostility. /ɪnˈveɪ/ verb

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 Inveigle persuade someone to do something by means of deception or /ɪnˈviːg(ə)l / verb
flattery.
Irascible becoming angry very easily. /ɪˈrasɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Isagogics introductory studies, especially in the history of the Bible. /ˌʌɪsəˈgɒdʒɪks/ noun
Ischium the lowest of the three major bones that constitute each half of the /ˈɪskɪəm/ noun
pelvis.
Isocheim a line on a map connecting points having the same average /ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)kʌɪm/ noun
temperature in winter.
Isoseismal relating to or denoting lines on a map connecting places where an /ʌɪsə(ʊ)'sʌɪzm(ə)l/ adjective
earthquake was experienced with equal strength.
Isthmus a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link /ˈɪsθməs / noun
between two larger areas of land.
Jesuitocracy ruled by Jesuits. /ˈdʒɛz(j)ʊɪtɒkrəsi/ noun
Jingoism extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike /dʒɪŋgəʊɪz(ə)m/ noun
foreign policy.
Jocularity the quality of being humorous; the quality of enjoying making /dʒɒkjʊlarɪti/ noun
people laugh.
Jodhpurs full-length trousers worn for horse riding, which are close-fitting /dʒɒdpəz/ noun
below the knee and have reinforced patches on the inside of the
leg.
Joiedevivre a feeling of great happiness and enjoyment of life. /ˌʒwɑː də ˈviːvr(ə)/ noun
Joual a non-standard form of popular Canadian French, influenced by /ʒwal/ noun
English vocabulary and grammar.
Jussive (of a verb form) expressing an order. /ˈdʒʌsɪv/ adjective
Kafkaesque characterising what Czech novelist Franz Kafka's writing subjects. /kɑ:fkə'esk/ adjective

Kakidrosis a secretion of sweat of a disagreeable odour. /kakɪdroʊsɪs/ noun

Kapok a soft white material used for filling cushions, soft toys, etc. /keɪpɒk/ noun
Karaoke a type of entertainment in which a machine plays only the music of /,karɪ'əʊki/ noun
popular songs so that people can sing the words themselves.

Keffiyeh a square of cloth worn on the head by Arab men and fastened by a /kə'fi:(j)ə/ noun
band.
Kerfuffle a commotion or fuss, especially one caused by conflicting views. /kə'fʌf(ə)l/ noun

Kibbutz a communal settlement in Israel, typically a farm. /kɪˈbʊts/ noun

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 Kieselguhr a form of diatomaceous earth used in various manufacturing and /ˈkiːz(ə)lˌgʊə/ noun
laboratory processes, chiefly as a filter, filler, or insulator.

Kohlrabi a cabbage of a variety with an edible turnip-like swollen stem. /kəʊl'rɑ:bi/ noun

Kraal a traditional African village of huts, typically enclosed by a fence. /krɑːl/ noun

Kriegspiel a German war game like chess in which symbols representing /ˈkriːgspiːl/ noun
military formations are moved about on maps.

Kurdaitcha (among Aborigines) a malignant spirit. /kə'dʌɪtʃə/ noun

Kyphorrhinos a nose that has a hump. /kʌɪfə(ʊ)ˈrʌɪnəʊs/ noun
Kyrgyzstan a country in central Asia. Also called Kyrgyz Republic. /ˌkɪəgɪˈstɑːn / noun
Labyrinth a complicated irregular network of passages or paths in which it is /lab(ə)rɪnθ/ noun
difficult to find one’s way.
Labyrinthine a complicated series of paths, which it is difficult to find your way /ˌlabəˈrɪnθʌɪn/ adjective
through.
Lachrymose sad or likely to cry often and easily. /ˈlakrɪməʊs,-z/ adjective
Lassitude a state of physical or mental weariness; lack of energy. /ˈlasɪtjuːd/ noun
Laurel any of a number of shrubs and other plants with dark green glossy /ˈlɒr(ə)l/ noun
leaves.
Legionnaire a member of any legion. /ˌliːdʒəˈnɛː/ noun
Leishmaniasis a tropical and subtropical disease caused by leishmania and /ˌliːʃməˈnʌɪəsɪs/ noun
transmitted by the bite of sandflies.
Leitmotif a recurrent theme throughout a musical or literary composition. /ˈlʌɪtməʊˌtiːf/ noun

Lenient (of punishment or a person in authority) Permissive, merciful, or /ˈliːnɪənt/ adjective

tolerant.
Liechtenstein of or relating to Liechtenstein or its inhabitants. /ˈlɪktənˌstʌɪnər, noun
er ˈlɪçtnˌʃtaɪnər/
Lineament a distinctive feature or characteristic, especially of the face. /lɪnɪəm(ə)nt/ noun
Linguine small pieces of pasta in the form of narrow ribbons. /lɪŋ'gwi:ni/ noun
Lithesome flexible or supple. /lʌɪðs(ə)m/ adjective
Loathsome causing hatred or disgust; repulsive. /ləʊðs(ə)m/ adjective

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 Ludicrous very foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing. /ˈluːdɪkrəs,ˈljuː-/ adjective

Lugubrious looking or sounding sad and dismal. /lʊˈguːbrɪəs/ adjective

Luminous bright or shining, esp. in the dark. /ˈluːmɪnəs/ adjective
Lycanthropy the mythical transformation of a person into a wolf. /lʌɪ'kanθrəpi/ noun
Maastricht a city in the Netherlands on the Meuse River near the Belgian and /ˈmɑːstrɪxt/ noun
German borders.

Macchiato a drink of espresso coffee with a dash of frothy steamed milk. /makɪ'ɑ:təʊ/ noun

Machete a broad heavy knife used as a cutting tool and as a weapon. /mə'tʃɛti/ noun
Machination a plot or scheme. /maʃɪ'neɪʃn/ noun
Macrobiotic consisting of whole grains and vegetables grown without chemical /makrə(ʊ)bʌɪ'ɒtɪk/ adjective
treatment.
Mademoiselle a title or form of address used of or to an unmarried Frenchspeaking /mad(ə)mwəˈzɛl/ noun
woman.
Mafioso a member of the Mafia or a similar criminal organisation. /mafɪ'əʊzəʊ/ noun
Maguey an agave plant, especially one yielding pulque. /magweɪ/ noun
Magyar a member of a people who originated in the Urals and migrated /magjɑ:/ noun
westwards to settle in what is now Hungary in the 9th century AD.

Mahogany hard reddish-brown timber from a tropical tree, used for quality /mə'hɒgəni/ noun
furniture.
Maieutic relating to or resembling the Socratic method of eliciting new ideas /meɪˈjuːtɪk/ adjective
from another.
Malarkey meaningless talk; nonsense. /mə'lɑ:ki/ noun
Malevolence having or exhibiting ill will; wishing harm to others; malicious. /məˈlɛv(ə)l(ə)ns/ noun

Malfeasance misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official. /malˈfiːz(ə)ns/ noun

Mallet a hammer with a large wooden head, used esp. for hitting a chisel. /ˈmalɪt/ noun

Mameluke a member of a regime descended from Turkish, Mongol, and /maməlu:k/ noun
Circassian slaves which ruled Syria (1260–1516) and Egypt (1250–
1517).
Mandate an official order or commission to do something. /ˈmandeɪt/ noun
Maquillage makeup; cosmetics. /ˌmakɪˈjɑːʒ/ noun

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 Marabou a large African stork with a massive bill and large neck pouch. /ˈmarəbuː/ noun

Marquetry inlaid work made from small pieces of coloured wood or other /mɑ:kɪtri/ noun
materials, used for the decoration of furniture.
Marsupial a mammal of an order whose members are born incompletely /mɑ:'su:pɪəl/ noun
developed and are typically carried and suckled in a pouch on the
mother’s belly.
Martinet a strict disciplinarian, esp. in the armed forces. /ˌmɑːtɪˈnɛt/ noun
Massachusett a state in the northeastern US, one of the six New England states. /ˌmasəˈtʃuːsɪts/ noun
s
Matinee an afternoon performance in a theatre or cinema. /matɪneɪ/ noun
Matriarchal (of a society or system) controlled by women rather than men. /meɪtrɪɑ:k(ə)l/ adjective

Mawkish sentimental in a feeble or sickly way. /ˈmɔːkɪʃ/ adjective

Mayonnaise a thick, creamy dressing consisting of egg yolks beaten with oil and /meɪəˈneɪz/ noun
vinegar and seasoned.
Medulla the soft internal tissue or pith of a plant. /mɛˈdʌlə/ noun
Meerkat a small southern African mongoose, especially the suricate. /mɪəkat/ noun
Mellifluous sweet or musical; pleasant to hear. /mɛˈlɪflʊəs/ adjective
Mesne intermediate or intervening. /mi:n/ adjective
Metaphor a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to something /ˈmɛtəfə/ noun
to which it is not literally applicable.
Mettlesome having a proud and unbroken spirit. /ˈmɛtls(ə)m/ adjective
Mezuzah a parchment inscribed with religious texts and attached in a case to /mɛˈzuːzə/ noun
the doorpost of a Jewish house.
Mezzaluna a utensil for chopping herbs, vegetables, etc. /mɛtsə'lu:nə/ noun
Mezzanine a low storey between two others in a building, typically between /mɛzəni:n/ noun
the ground and first floors.
Milieu a person's social environment. /ˈmiːljəː / noun
Millefiori a kind of ornamental glass in which a number of glass rods /mi:lɪfɪ'ɔ:ri/ noun
of different sizes and colours arefused together and cut into
sections which form various patterns.
Millinery women’s hats. /mɪlɪnəri/ noun
Mirage an optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions. /ˈmɪrɑːʒ / noun
Miscellaneous a collection or group of elements of different kinds. /ˌmɪsəˈleɪnɪəs/ adjective
Moccasin a venomous American pit viper. /ˈmɒkəsɪn/ noun
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 Moire silk fabric that has been subjected to heat and pressure rollers after /mwɑ:/ noun
weaving to give it a rippled appearance.
Monocle a single eyeglass, kept in position by the muscles around the eye. /mɒnək(ə)l/ noun

Montessori a system of education for young children that seeks to develop /mɒntɪ'sɔ:ri/ noun
natural interests and activities rather than use formal teaching
methods.
Monument a statue, building, or other structure erected to commemorate a /ˈmɒnjʊm(ə)nt/ noun
notable person or event.
Morass an area of muddy or boggy ground. /mə'ras/ noun
Mores the essential or characteristic customs and conventions of a society /mɔ:reɪz/ noun
or community.
Morwong a marine fish of Australian waters, typically brightly coloured and /mɔ:wɒŋ/ noun
sometimes commercially fished.
Moustache an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip. /məˈstɑːʃ/ noun
Mythology a collection of myths, especially one belonging to a particular /mɪ'θɒlədʒi/ noun
religious or cultural tradition.

Napalm a substance like jelly, made from petrol/gas, that burns and is used /neɪpɑ:m/ noun
in making bombs.
Naphthalene a volatile white crystalline compound produced by the distillation of /nafθəli:n/ noun
coal tar.
Nasturtium a South American trailing plant with round leaves and bright /nəˈstəːʃ(ə)m/ noun
orange, yellow, or red flowers.
Naugahyde an artificial material designed to resemble leather, made from /ˈnɔːgəhʌɪd/ noun
fabric coated with rubber or vinyl resin.
Nausea a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit. /ˈnɔːsɪə / noun
Neanderthal a type of early human being that existed very long ago in Europe. /nɪˈandətɑːl/ noun

Neurofibroma a disease in which neurofibromas form throughout the body. /ˌnjʊərə(ʊ)fʌɪˌbrəʊmə noun
tosis ˈtəʊsɪs/
Neutrality the state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, /nju:'tralɪti/ noun
disagreement, etc.
Niece a daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or /niːs/ noun
sister-in-law.
Nigrescent blackish. /nɪ'grɛs(ə)nt/ adjective
Nondescript lacking distinctive or interesting features or characteristics. /nɒndɪskrɪpt/ adjective
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 Numismatic relating to or consisting of coins or medals. /nju:mɪz'matɪk/ adjective
Obeah a kind of sorcery practised especially in the Caribbean. /əʊbɪə/ noun
Obliterate destroy utterly; wipe out. /əˈblɪtəreɪt/ verb
Obscenity the state or quality of being obscene. /əb'sɛnɪti/ noun
Oche the line behind which darts players stand when throwing. /ɒki / noun
Onus the responsibility for something. /əʊnəs/ noun
Opprobrium harsh criticism or censure. /əˈprəʊbrɪəm/ noun
Oracle (in ancient Greece) a place where people could go to ask the gods /ɒrək(ə)l/ noun
for advice or information about the future.
Orchestration an arrangement of a piece of music for performance by an /ˈɔːkɪstreɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
orchestra or band.
Oscillation movement back and forth in a regular rhythm. /ɒsɪ'leɪʃn/ noun
Ostensible stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so. /ɒ'stɛnsɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Ostentatious characterised by pretentious or showy display; designed to impress. /ˌɒstɛnˈteɪʃəs/ adjective

Overwrought in a state of nervous excitement or anxiety. /əʊvəˈrɔːt/ adjective

Paean a song of praise or triumph. /ˈpiːən/ noun
Palace the official home of a king, queen, president, etc. /palɪs/ noun
Palatial resembling a palace. /pə'leɪʃ(ə)l/ adjective
Palomino a horse that is a cream or gold colour with a white mane and tail. /palə'mi:nəʊ/ noun

Panacea a remedy for all ills or difficulties. /ˌpanəˈsiːə/ noun

Panache confidence of style and manner. /pə'naʃ/ noun
Panegyric a speech or text in praise of someone or something. /ˌpanɪˈdʒɪrɪk/ noun
Pantheon all the gods of a people or religion collectively. /panθɪən/ noun
Paradigm a typical example model or pattern of something. /parədʌɪm/ noun
Pardonable something that can be forgiven. /pɑ:d(ə)nəbl/ adjective
Parquet flooring composed of wooden blocks. /ˈpɑːki,ˈpɑːkeɪ/ noun
Partiality favouring one side over another. /pɑ:ʃɪ'alɪti/ noun
Partition to divide something into parts. /pɑ:'tɪʃ(ə)n/ verb
Passenger a person who is travelling in a car, bus, train, plane or ship and who /pasɪndʒə/ noun
is not driving it or working on it.
Passepartout a border, such as a mat, that is used to frame or mount a picture. /ˌpaspɑːˈtuː/ noun

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 Patent government license for sole right to make or sell a product. /pat(ə)nt/ noun
Patisserie a shop where French pastries and cakes are sold. /pəˈtiːs(ə)ri/ noun
Paucity the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities or /pɔ:sɪti/ noun
amounts.
Pause a period of time during which somebody stops talking or stops what /pɔ:z/ noun
they are doing.
Peccadillo a small, relatively unimportant offense or sin. /ˌpɛkəˈdɪləʊ/ noun
Pecksniffian affecting benevolence or high moral principles. /pɛkˈsnɪfɪən/ adjective
Pendulum a body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back /ˈpɛndjʊləm/ noun
and forth under the influence of gravity.
Pennant a flag denoting a sports championship or other achievement. /ˈpɛnənt/ noun

Pentathlon a sporting event in which people compete in five different sports. /pɛnˈtaθlɒn/ noun

Penultimate last but one in a series of things; second last. /pɪˈnʌltɪmət/ adjective
Percussionist a musician who plays percussion instruments. /pəˈkʌʃ(ə)nɪst/ noun
Peremptory not open to appeal or challenge. /pəˈrɛm(p)t(ə)ri / adjective
Perjury willfully lying under oath. /pə:dʒ(ə)ri/ noun
Permutation any of the different ways in which a set of things can be ordered. /pəːmjʊˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Persnickety placing too much emphasis on trivial or minor details. /pəˈsnɪkɪti/ adjective
Pessimistic expecting the worst possible outcome. /ˌpɛsɪˈmɪstɪk/ noun
Pharmacopoe an official publication containing a list of medicinal drugs with their /fɑ:məkə'pi:ə/ noun
ia effects and directions for their use.
Pharynx the part of the alimentary canal immediately behind the mouth in /ˈfarɪŋks/ noun
invertebrates.

Philanthropy the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially /fɪ'lanθrəpi/ noun
by the generous donation of money to good causes.

Philistine a member of an Aegean people who settled ancient Philistia around /ˈfɪlɪstʌɪn/ noun
the 12th century B.C.
Phoenician a member of an ancient people inhabiting the eastern /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n / noun
Mediterranean.
Pinochle a card game for two or more players using a 48-card deck. /ˈpiːnɒk(ə)l/ noun

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 Pirouette an act of spinning on one foot, typically with the raised foot /pɪrʊ'ɛt/ noun
touching the knee of the supporting leg.
Placebo a medicine or procedure prescribed for the psychological benefit to /plə'si:bəʊ/ noun
the patient rather than for any physiological effect.

Plague a contagious bacterial disease characterised by fever and delirium, /pleɪg/ noun
typically with the formation of buboes.
Plait a single length of hair or other flexible material made up of three or /plat/ noun
more interlaced strands; a braid.
Plaque a sticky deposit on teeth in which bacteria proliferate. /plak, plɑːk/ noun
Plebeian (in ancient Rome) a commoner. /plɪˈbiːən/ noun
Plebiscite the direct vote of all the members of an electorate. /ˈplɛbɪsʌɪt/ noun
Plethora an amount that is greater than is needed or can be used. /ˈplɛθ(ə)rə/ noun
Plinth a base supporting a statue or vase. /plɪnθ/ noun
Poignant having a strong effect on your feelings, especially in a way that /pɔɪnjənt/ adjective
makes you feel sad.
Polka a lively dance of Bohemian origin in duple time. /ˈpɒlkə / noun
Polythene a tough, light, flexible synthetic resin made by polymerising /pɒlɪθi:n/ noun
ethylene, chiefly used for packaging.
Poncho a blanket like cloak having a hole in the centre for the head. /ˈpɒn(t)ʃəʊ/ noun
Posthumous occurring or appearing after the death of the originator. /ˈpɒstjʊməs/ adjective
Practitioner a person actively engaged in an art, discipline, or profession, /prak'tɪʃ(ə)nə/ noun
especially medicine.
Premonstrate a member of an order of regular canons founded at Prémontré /ˌpriːmɒnstrəˈtɛnsɪən/ noun
nsian in France in 1120, or of the corresponding order of nuns.

Prestige widespread respect and admiration. /prɛ'sti:(d)ʒ/ noun

Presumptuou failing to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate. /prɪˈzʌm(p)tʃʊəs/ adjective
s
Priority thing regarded as more important than others. /prʌɪ'ɒrɪti/ noun
Proclivity a tendency to choose or do something regularly. /prəˈklɪvɪti/ noun
Prodigality the trait of spending extravagantly. /ˌprɒdɪˈgælɪti/ noun

Profligacy recklessly wasteful; wildly extravagant. /ˈprɒflɪgəsi/ adjective

Proliferate increase rapidly in numbers; multiply. /prəˈlɪfəreɪt/ verb
Prominence the state of being important or famous. /ˈprɒmɪnəns/ noun
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 Propeller type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion /prə'pɛlə/ noun
into thrust.
Prophesy say that a specified thing will happen in the future. /ˈprɒfɪsʌɪ/ verb
Propinquity the state of being close to someone or something; proximity. /prəˈpɪŋkwɪti/ noun

Proselytise convert to another faith or religion. /ˈprɒsɪlɪtʌɪz/ verb

Prosopopoeia a figure of speech in which an abstract thing is personified. /ˌprɒsəpəˈpiːə/ noun
Protuberance a thing that protrudes from something else. /prə'tju:b(ə)r(ə)ns/ noun
Psychosis any of a number of the more severe mental diseases that make you /sʌɪ'kəʊsɪs/ noun
believe things that are not real.
Ptarmigan any of various grouses (genus Lagopus) of northern regions with /ˈtɑːmɪg(ə)n/ noun
completely feathered feet.
Publication the act of printing a book, a magazine, etc. and making it available /pʌblɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
to the public; a book, a magazine, etc. that has been published.

Puerile childishly silly and immature. /ˈpjʊərʌɪl/ adjective

Punctilious showing great attention to detail or correct behaviour. /pʌŋ(k)'tɪlɪəs/ adjective
Pungency penetrating, biting, or caustic. /ˈpʌndʒəsi/ adjective
Purlieu the area near or surrounding a place. /pə:lju:/ noun
Purport appear to be or do something, especially falsely. /pə'pɔ:t/ verb
Quagmire a soft boggy area of land that gives way underfoot. /ˈkwagmʌɪə / noun
Quash to officially say that a decision made by a court is no longer valid or /kwɒʃ/ verb
correct.
Queer strange or unusual. /kwɪə/ adjective
Quiescent quiet; not active. /kwiˈesnt/ adjective
Quotient a result obtained by dividing one quantity by another. /ˈkwəʊʃ(ə)nt/ noun
Raconteur a person who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way. /ˌrakɒnˈtəː/ noun
Rallentando (especially as a direction) with a gradual decrease of speed. /ralən'tandəʊ/ adverb and
adjective
Ranunculaceo relating to or denoting plants of the buttercup family /rəˌnʌŋkjʊˈleɪʃəs/ adjective
us (Ranunculaceae).
Rapparee a freebooting soldier of 17th-century Ireland. /ˌrapəˈriː/ noun
Rapturous characterised by, feeling, or expressing great pleasure or /raptʃərəs/ adjective
enthusiasm.

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 Rastafarianis a religion that regards the late Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia as the /ˌrastəˈfɑːrɪənɪz(ə)m / noun
m messiah and Africa as the Promised Land.

Recalcitrant (of a person) unwilling to obey orders or to do what should be /rɪ'kalsɪtr(ə)nt/ adjective
done, or (of an animal) refusing to be controlled.
Recipe a set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including a list of /ˈrɛsɪpi/ noun
the ingredients required.
Recrudesce to happen again /ˌriːkruːˈdes/ verb
Reefer a refrigerated truck, railroad car, or ship. /ˈriːfə/ noun
Reggae a style of high beat music originating from Jamaica. /ˈrɛgeɪ/ noun
Regressive returning to a former or less developed state. /rɪ'grɛsɪv/ adjective
Reincarnation the rebirth of a soul in another body. /ri:ɪnkɑ:'neɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Rendezvous a meeting at an agreed time and place, typically between two /ˈrɒndɪvuː/ noun
people.
Repatriate send (someone) back to their own country. /ri:'patrɪeɪt/ verb
Reprimand a formal expression of disapproval. /rɛprɪmɑ:nd/ noun
Requiem a Mass for the repose of the souls of the dead. /ˈrɛkwɪəm / noun
Requisition an official order laying claim to the use of property or materials. /ˌrɛkwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Revile criticise in an abusive or angrily insulting manner. /rɪˈvʌɪl/ verb

Rheumatism any of several pathological conditions of the muscles, tendons, /ˈruːmətɪz(ə)m/ noun
joints, bones, or nerves.
Rhythmically in a rhythmic manner. /ˈrɪðmɪk(ə)li/ adverb
Rigorous extremely thorough and careful. /rɪg(ə)rəs/ adjective
Rudimentary involving or limited to basic principles. /ru'dɪ:mɛnt(ə)ri/ adjective
Sabotage deliberately destroy or obstruct, especially for political or military /ˈsabətɑːʒ/ verb
advantage.
Sagacious having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment; /səˈgeɪʃəs/ adjective
shrewd.
Saracen an Arab or Muslim, especially at the time of the Crusades. /ˈsarəs(ə)n/ noun
Sarrusophone a member of a family of wind instruments similar to saxophones /səˈrʌsəfəʊn/ noun
but with a double reed.
Satiate satisfied to the full; satiated. /ˈseɪʃɪeɪt/ adjective
Sauerkraut a German dish of chopped pickled cabbage. /ˈsaʊəkraʊt/ noun
Saviour a person who rescues somebody/something from a dangerous or /ˈseɪvjə(r)/ noun
difficult situation.
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 Schadenfreud a feeling of pleasure at the bad things that happen to other people. /ˈʃɑːd(ə)nˌfrɔɪdə/ noun
e
Schistosomias an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of /ˌʃɪstə(ʊ)səˈmʌɪəsɪs/ noun
is the genus Schistosoma.
Schizophrenia a severe mental disorder. /skɪtsə(ʊ)'fri:nɪə/ noun
Schmuck a foolish or contemptible person. /ʃmʌk/ noun
Schooner yacht; clipper. /ˈskuːnə/ noun

Schorl a black iron-rich variety of tourmaline. /ʃɔːl/ noun

Schottische a slow polka dance. /ʃɒˈtiːʃ/ noun
Scold to speak angrily to somebody, especially a child, because they have /skəʊld/ verb
done something wrong; rebuke.
Secretariat administrative office or department. /sɛkrɪ'tɛ:rɪət/ noun
Segue an uninterrupted transition from one piece of music or film scene /ˈsɛgweɪ/ noun
to another.
Sequestrate to take control of somebody's property or assets until a debt has /ˈsiːkwəstreɪt / verb
been paid.
Sequin a small shiny disc sewn on to clothing for decoration. /si:kwɪn/ noun
Serene calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil. /sɪ'ri:n/ adjective
Sergeant a rank of non-commissioned officer in the army. /sɑ:dʒ(ə)nt/ noun
Several more than two but not many. /sɛv(ə)r(ə)l/ pronoun
Seychelles a country in the Indian Ocean. /seɪˈʃɛlz / noun
Sieve a utensil of wire mesh or closely perforated metal, used for /sɪv/ noun
straining, sifting, etc.
Silhouette the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible in /ˌsɪlʊˈɛt/ noun
restricted light against a brighter background.
Similes a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with /ˈsɪmɪli/ noun
another thing of a different kind.
Skein a length of thread or yarn, loosely coiled and knotted. /skeɪn/ noun
Skerry a reef or rocky island. /skɛri/ noun
Smithereens small fragment. /ˌsmɪðəˈriːnz/ noun
Smuggler move (goods) illegally into or out of a country. /smʌg(ə)lə(r)/ verb
Sociable describes someone who likes to meet and spend time with other /səʊʃəb(ə)l/ adjective, noun
people.
Solicitous eager or anxious to do something. /səˈlɪsɪtəs/ adjective

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 Sophomoric pretentious or juvenile. /ˌsɒfəˈmɒrɪk/ adjective
Souvenir a thing that is kept as a reminder of a person, place, or event. /su:və'nɪə/ noun

Sovereign possessing supreme or ultimate power. /ˈsɒvrɪn/ adjective

Sovereignty supreme power or authority. /sɒvrɪnti/ noun
Splenetic bad-tempered; spiteful. /splɪˈnɛtɪk/ adjective
Sprechgesang a style of dramatic vocalisation between singing and speaking. /ˈʃprɛxgəˌzaŋ/ noun

Squatter a person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or /ˈskwɒtə/ noun

unused land.
Squeegee a scraping implement with a rubber-edged blade set on a handle, /skwi:dʒi/ noun
typically used for cleaning windows.

Stevedore a person employed, or a contractor engaged, at a dock to load and /ˈstiːvədɔː/ noun
unload cargo from ships.
Stichomythia dialogue in which two characters speak alternate lines of verse, /stɪkə(ʊ)'mɪθɪə/ noun
used as a stylistic device in ancient Greek drama.
Stiletto a thin, high tapering heel on a woman's shoe. /stɪˈlɛtəʊ/ noun
Strangle to kill somebody by squeezing or pressing on their throat and neck; /straŋg(ə)l/ verb
to prevent something from growing or developing.

Stroganoff a dish in which the central ingredient, typically strips of beef, is /ˈstrɒgənɒf/ noun
cooked in a sauce containing sour cream.
Stygian gloomy and dark; infernal; hellish. /ˈstɪdʒɪən/ adjective
Subordinate lower in rank or position. /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ adjective
Succour relief; assistance in time of difficulty. /ˈsʌkə/ verb
Suffrutescent of a plant- having a woody base that does not die down each year. /ˌsʌfrʊˈtɛsənt/ adjective

Surfeit an excessive amount of something. /ˈsəːfɪt/ noun

Surmise a thought or idea based on scanty evidence. /səˈmʌɪz/ noun
Swahili a language widely used in East Africa. /swəˈhiːli / noun
Swollen larger than normal, especially as a result of a disease or an injury. /swəʊlən/ adjective

Syringe a plastic or glass tube with a long hollow needle that is used for /sɪ'rɪn(d)ʒ/ noun
putting drugs, etc. into a person’s body or for taking a small amount
of blood from a person.

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 Tachyphylaxis an acute (sudden) decrease in the response to a drug after its /ˌtakɪfɪˈlaksɪs/ noun
administration.
Tacit understood or implied without being stated. /ˈtasɪt/ adjective
Taciturn reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little. /ˈtasɪtəːn/ adjective
Tangential diverging from a previous course or line; erratic. /tanˈdʒɛnʃ(ə)l/ adjective
Tarpaulin heavy-duty waterproof cloth, originally of tarred canvas. /tɑːˈpɔːlɪn/ noun
Temerarious reckless; rash. /ˌtɛməˈrɛːrɪəs/ adjective
Temperament a person’s or animal’s nature, especially as it permanently affects /tɛmp(ə)rəm(ə)nt/ noun
their behaviour.
Tenuous very slender or fine; insubstantial. /ˈtɛnjʊəs/ adjective
Terpsichore the Muse of lyric poetry and dance. /təːpˈsɪkəri/ noun
Terracotta reddish-brown clay that has been baked but not glazed, used for /ˌtɛrəˈkɒtə/ noun
making pots, etc.
Tessellated cover (a plane surface) by repeated use of a single shape, without /tɛsəleɪt/ verb
gaps or overlapping.
Teutonic of or relating to the Germanic languages or their speakers. /tjuːˈtɒnɪk/ adjective

Threshold a strip of wood or stone forming the bottom of a doorway and /θrɛʃəʊld/ noun
crossed in entering a house or room.
Throttle to attack or kill somebody by squeezing their throat. /ˈθrɒt(ə)l/ verb
Torchere a tall ornamental flat-topped stand, traditionally used as a stand for /tɔ:'ʃɛ/ noun
a candlestick.
Tortuous full of twists and turns. /ˈtɔːtʃʊəs / adjective
Totalitarian relating to a system of government that is centralised and /təʊtalɪ'tɛ:rɪən/ adjective
dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.

Trapezoid a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides. /ˈtrapɪzɔɪd,trəˈpiːzɔɪd/ noun
Treacherous guilty of or involving betrayal or deception. /ˈtrɛtʃ(ə)rəs/ adjective
Triptych a set of three associated artistic, literary, or musical works intended /ˈtrɪptɪk/ noun
to be appreciated together.
Triskaidekaph an abnormal fear of the number 13. /ˌtrɪskʌɪdɛkəˈfəʊbɪə/ noun
obia
Triumphant having won a battle or contest; victorious. /trʌɪˈʌmf(ə)nt/ adjective
Troubadour a French medieval lyric poet composing and singing in Provençal in /ˈtruːbədɔː/ noun
the 11th to 13th centuries.
Turmoil a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty. /tə:mɔɪl/ noun
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 Turpitude depravity; wickedness. /ˈtəːpɪtjuːd/ noun
Tympanum a membranous resonator in a sound-producing organ. /ˈtɪmpənəm/ noun
Typhlosole a typhlosole is an internal fold of the intestine or intestine inner /ˈtɪfləˌsoʊl/ noun
wall.
Tyrannicide the killing of a tyrant. /tɪˈranɪsʌɪd,tʌɪ-/ noun
Usherette a woman who shows people to their seats in a theater. /ʌʃəˈrɛt/ noun
Valetudinaria a person who is unduly anxious about their health. /ˌvalɪtjuːdɪˈnɛːrɪən/ noun
n
Vaudeville a theatrical entertainmen. /ˈvɔːdəvɪl / noun
Vendeuse french term for a woman who sells women's clothing. /vɒ̃ ˈdəːz/ noun
Verisimilitude the appearance of being true or real. /ˌvɛrɪsɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/ noun
Vestige a trace; the remains of something. /vɛstɪdʒ/ noun
Vicar a representative or deputy of a bishop. /ˈvɪkə/ noun
Vinaigrette salad dressing of oil, wine vinegar, and seasoning. /vɪnɪ'grɛt/ noun
Visceral coming from strong emotions and not from logic or reason. /ˈvɪs(ə)r(ə)l/ adjective
Visionary of the nature of a vision; illusory. /vɪʒ(ə)n(ə)ri/ adjective
Vitiligo a condition in which the pigment is lost from areas of the skin, /ˌvɪtɪˈlʌɪgəʊ/ noun
causing whitish patches.
Vituperative bitter and abusive. /vɪˈtjuːp(ə)rətɪv / adjective
Vociferous marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry. /və(ʊ)'sɪf(ə)rəs/ adjective
Wallaroo a large Australian kangaroo (genus Macropus). /ˌwɒləˈruː/ noun

Wildebeest large African antelope having a head with horns like an ox and a /ˈwɪldəbiːst / noun
long tufted tail.
Xhosa a member of a South African people traditionally living in the /ˈkəʊsə / noun
province of Eastern Cape.
Yacht a medium-sized sailboat equipped for cruising or racing. /jɒt/ noun
Yiddish a language used by Jews in central and eastern Europe before the /ˈjɪdɪʃ/ noun
Holocaust.
Zaibatsu a large Japanese business conglomerate. /zʌɪˈbatsuː/ noun
Zeitgeist the spirit of the time; the taste and outlook characteristic of a period /ˈzʌɪtgʌɪst/ noun
or generation.
Zouave a member of a French infantry unit, originally formed of Algerians /zuːˈɑːv,zwɑːv/ noun
and characterised by oriental uniform.

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 DIVISIONAL ROUND
Word Meaning Phonetics Parts of Speech
Aardwolf a black-striped African mammal of the hyena family, feeding mainly /ˈɑːdwʊlf/ noun
on termites.
Abalone a shellfish that can be eaten and whose shell contains mother- /ˌabəˈləʊni/ noun
ofpearl.
Abdicate to give up the position of being king or queen. /ˈabdɪkeɪt/ verb
Abdomen the part of the body below the chest that contains the /abˈdəʊmən/ noun
stomach, bowels, etc.
Aborigine original inhabitants of Australian continent. /abə'rɪdʒɪni:/ noun
Abrogate formal cancellation of a law or agreement. /abrəgeɪt/ verb
Abscissa the coordinate that gives the distance along the horizontal axis. /æbˈsɪsə/ noun

Abseil to go down a steep cliff or rock while attached to a rope, pushing /ˈæbseɪl/ verb
against the slope or rock with your feet.
Absenteeism the practise of regularly staying away from work or school without /ˌæbsənˈtiːɪzəm/ noun
good reason.
Absolution formal release from guilt, obligation or punishment . /absə'lu:ʃ(ə)n/ noun
Accentuate make more noticeable or prominent. /ək'sɛntʃʊeɪt/ verb
Accessory an extra piece of equipment that is useful but not essential or that /ək'sɛs(ə)ri/ noun
can be added to something else as a decoration.
Accident something that happens unexpectedly and is not planned in /ˈæksɪdənt/ noun
advance.
Acclimate become used to new climate conditions. /aklɪmeɪt/ verb
Accolade something granted as a special honour or in recognition of merit. /ˈækəleɪd / noun

Accommodat to provide somebody with a room or place to sleep, live or sit. /əˈkɒmədeɪt/ verb
e
Accomplice a person who helps another to commit a crime or to do something /əˈkʌmplɪs/ noun
wrong.
Accord a formal agreement between two organisations, countries, etc. /əˈkɔːd/ noun
Acculturate to learn to live successfully in a different culture. /əˈkʌltʃəreɪt/ verb
Accuracy the state of being exact or correct. /ˈækjərəsi/ noun
Achievement a thing that somebody has done successfully, especially using their /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ noun
own effort and skill.
Acknowledge accept or admit the existence or truth of. /ək'nɒlɪdʒ/ verb

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 Acquisition the act of getting something, especially knowledge, a skill, etc. /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ noun
Acrobat an entertainer who performs spectacular gymnastic feats. /akrəbat/ noun
Acupressure treatment by applying pressure with the fingers to specific pressure /ˈækjupreʃə(r)/ noun
points on the body.
Adjournment the act of breaking off (a meeting) with the intention of resuming it /ə'dʒə:nm(ə)nt/ noun
later.
Admiration a feeling of respect and liking for somebody/something. /ˌædməˈreɪʃn/ noun
Adulation excessive admiration or praise. /adjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Advocacy act of raising public support . /advəkəsi/ noun
Aeronautical the study or practise of travel through the air. /ˌeərəˈnɔːtɪkl/ adjective
Affidavit a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, for use as /ˌafɪˈdeɪvɪt/ noun
evidence in court.
Aggrandise an increase in the power or importance of a person or country. /ə'grandʌɪz/ noun

Aggregate a total number or amount made up of smaller amounts that are /ˈæɡrɪɡət/ noun
collected together.
Agitated troubled or disturbed. /adʒɪteɪtɪd/ adjective
Ague illness involving fever and shivering . /eɪgju:/ noun
Ailment a minor illness. /ˈeɪlmənt/ noun
Aisle a passage between rows of seats in a church, theatre, train, etc, or /ʌɪl/ noun
between rows of shelves in a supermarket.
Alabaster white form of gypsum that is often carved into monuments. /aləbɑ:stə/ noun
Allusion an indirect or implied reference. /ə'lu:ʒ(ə)n/ noun
Amalgamate to put two or more things together so that they form one. /əˈmælɡəmeɪt/ verb
Amalgamatio combination or single unit formed from several components /əmalgə'meɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
n
Amateurish not done or made well or with skill. /amətərɪʃ/ adjective
Ambiguous having more than one meaning; open to different interpretations. /æmˈbɪɡjuəs/ adjective

Ambivalence mixed feelings or opinions about something . /am'bɪv(ə)l(ə)ns/ noun

Ambulatory that is not fixed in one place and can move around easily. /ambjʊlət(ə)ri/ adjective

Ameliorate to make something better. /əˈmiːliəreɪt/ verb

Amenity a feature that contributes to physical or material comfort. /ə'mi:nɪti/ noun
Amity friendly relations. /amɪti/ noun

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 Amnesty an official statement that allows people who have been put in /ˈæmnəsti / noun
prison for crimes against the state to go free.
Anathema object of intense dislike or hatred. /ə'naθəmə/ noun
Ancient belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adjective
past.
Androgynous having both male and female characteristics. /ænˈdrɒdʒənəs/ adjective
Anecdote a short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event. /ˈænɪkdəʊt/ noun
Anemone a small plant with white, red, blue or purple flowers that are shaped /əˈneməni/ noun
like cups and have dark centres.
Annotation a note by way of explanation or comment added to a text or /anə'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
diagram.
Announceme formal public declaration. /ə'naʊnsm(ə)nt/ noun
nt
Annulled declare invalid (an official agreement, decision, or result). /ə'nʌl/ verb
Anorexia lack of appetite for food in particular. /ˌænəˈreksiə/ noun
Antediluvian extremely old-fashioned. /ˌæntidɪˈluːviən/ adjective
Antidote a medicine taken or given to counteract a particular poison. /antɪdəʊt/ noun
Antiquity the ancient past, especially the times of the Greeks and Romans. /an'tɪkwɪti / noun

Aperture a small opening in something. /ˈæpətʃə(r)/ noun

Apologise to say that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ verb
problem.
Apology a regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure. /əˈpɒlədʒi/ noun
Apparition a ghostly figure . /apə'rɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Appease to make somebody calmer or less angry by giving them what they /apə:rɪʃ(ə)n/ verb
want.
Appertain to belong or refer to somebody/something. /ˌæpəˈteɪn/ verb
Applaud show approval by clapping. /ə'plɔ:d/ verb
Apprentice a person learning a trade from a skilled employer. /ə'prɛntɪs/ noun
Appropriate suitable or proper. /ə'prəʊprɪət/ adjective
Apropos with reference to, regarding. /aprə'pəʊ/ preposition
Aptitude natural ability or skill at doing something. /ˈæptɪtjuːd/ noun
Arabesque a type of design where lines wind around each other. /ˌærəˈbesk/ noun
Arable suitable for growing crops. /arəb(ə)l/ adjective
Arbitrary based on random choices. /ɑ:bɪt(rə)ri/ adjective

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 Arcane secret and mysterious and therefore difficult to understand. /ɑːˈkeɪn/ adjective

Archaeology the study of cultures of the past, and of periods of history by /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/ noun
examining the remains of buildings and objects found in the
ground.
Arduous involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time. /ɑ:djʊəs/ adjective

Aristocracy a class of society with hereditary titles, nobility. /arɪ'stɒkrəsi/ noun

Arithmetic branch of mathematics dealing with numbers and counting. /ə'rɪθmətɪk/ noun
Armament weapons, especially large guns, bombs, tanks, etc. /ˈɑːməmənt/ noun
Artefact an object made my a human being. /ɑ:tɪfakt/ noun
Ascension the act of rising to a higher position or level. /ə'sɛnʃ(ə)n/ noun
Asinine very stupid or foolish. /asɪnʌɪn/ adjective
Assassin a person who murders somebody important or famous, for money or /ə'sasɪn/ noun
for political reasons.
Asteroid small rocky body orbiting the sun. /astərɔɪd/ noun
Astigmatism a fault in the shape of a person's eye that prevents them from /əˈstɪɡmətɪzəm/ noun
seeing clearly.
Asylum shelter or protection from danger. /əˈsaɪləm/ noun
Attic a room inside or just below the roof of a building. /atɪk/ noun
Aubergine a vegetable with shiny dark purple skin and soft white flesh. /əʊbəʒi:n/ noun

Auburn reddish-brown in colour. /ɔ:bən/ adjective

Augmentatio to increase the amount, value, size, etc. of something. /ˌɔːɡmenˈteɪʃn/ noun
n
Augury a sign of what will happen in the future. /ɔ:gjʊri/ noun
Auspicious showing signs that something is likely to be successful in the future. /ɔ:'spɪʃəs/ adjective

Austerity a situation when people do not have much money to spend /ɒ'stɛrɪti/ noun
because there are bad economic conditions.
Autocracy a system of government of a country in which one person has /ɔ:'tɒkrəsi/ noun
complete power.
Autodidact a person who has taught himself or herself something rather than /ˈɔːtəʊdɪdakt/ noun
having lessons.
Awkward hard to deal with; making you feel embarrassed. /ɔ:kwəd/ adjective

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 Axiom a statement generally believed to be true. /aksɪəm/ noun
Azure a shade of blue . /aʒə/ adjective
Backbone the most important part of a system, an organisation, etc. that gives /ˈbækbəʊn/ noun
it support and strength.
Backlash a strong negative reaction by a large number of people /baklaʃ/ noun
Backtrack reverse to the previous position. /baktrak/ verb
Bagel dense ring-shaped bread roll. /beɪg(ə)l/ noun

Baize a type of thick cloth made of wool that is usually green, used /beɪz/ noun
especially for covering card tables.
Ballet a style of dancing that tells a dramatic story with music but no /ˈbæleɪ/ noun
talking or singing.
Bandit a violent robber or outlaw belonging to a gang. /ˈbandɪt/ noun
Batten a long ,flat wooden or metal strip for strengthening, stiffening or /bat(ə)n/ noun
securing something.
Batty (of people or ideas) slightly crazy, in a harmless way. /bati/ adjective
Bedlam a scene of uproar and confusion . /bɛdləm/ noun
Beguile to trick somebody into doing something, especially by being nice to /bɪ'gʌɪl/ verb
them.
Behemoth something that is very big and powerful, especially a company or /bɪ'hi:mɒθ/ noun
organisation.
Benign (of people) kind and gentle; not hurting anybody. /bɪˈnaɪn/ adjective
Bequeath leave property to someone in a will /bɪ'kwi:ð/ verb
Bereft lonely and abandonded . /bɪ'rɛft/ adjective
Beret round flattish cap of felt cloth . /bɛreɪ/ noun
Bergamot orange essence used as flavoring /bə:gəmɒt/ noun
Beriberi a disease caused by a vitamin B1 deficiency. /ˌberiˈberi/ noun
Besiege surround a place with armed forces in order to capture it or force it /bɪˈsiːdʒ/ verb
to surrender.
Betrayal treachery against or disloyalty to. /bɪ'treɪəl/ noun
Bicker argue about petty matters . /bɪkə/ verb
Bigot a prejudiced intolerant person. /bɪgət/ noun
Blasphemous speaking disrespectfully about God and religion . /blasfəməs/ adjective
Blatant open and unashamed . /bleɪt(ə)nt/ adjective
Bleachers cheap bench seat in an uncovered stadium. /bli:tʃə/ noun

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 Bleary dull and unfocused. /blɪəri/ adjective
Bleat to make the sound that sheep and goats make. /bli:t/ verb
Blemish a mark or flaw. /blɛmɪʃ/ noun
Blight a disease, curse . /blʌɪt/ noun
Blithe cheerful or joyous. /blʌɪð/ adjective
Blotted dry with an absorbent material . /blɒt/ verb
Bludgeon a thick stick with a heavy end used as weapon . /blʌdʒ(ə)n/ noun
Bluff to try to deceive someone. /blʌf/ verb
Bluster talk loudly and aggressively but with little effect. /blʌstə/ noun
Boast talk with excessive pride in oneself. /bəʊst/ verb
Bogus not genuine or true . /bəʊgəs/ noun
Bohemian socially unconventional person . /bəʊ'hi:mɪən/ noun
Bolster to give support or strength. /bəʊlstə/ verb

Borough a town or district which is an administrative unit, in particular. /bʌrə/ noun

Bouquet a bunch of flowers arranged or displayed in an attractive way. /bʊ'keɪ/ noun

Bower pleasant shady place under trees /baʊə/ noun

Boysenberry a large red edible blackberry-like fruit. /ˈbɔɪznbəri/ noun
Bracken a wild plant with large leaves that grows thickly on hills and in /brak(ə)n/ noun
woods and turns brown in the autumn/fall.
Brackish (of water) salty in an unpleasant way. /brakɪʃ/ adjective
Brash confident in a rude manner . /braʃ/ adjective
Brazier portable pan for burning live coals for heating . /breɪzɪə/ noun
Brethren people belonging to a particular order or group . /brɛðr(ɪ)n/ noun
Brigand member of a gang of robbers. /brɪg(ə)nd/ noun
Brioche a type of French bread . /bri:'ɒʃ/ noun
Brogue a heavy Irish or Scottish accent . /brəʊg/ noun
Buff a yellowish beige color. /bʌf/ adjective
Buffer an intermediary between two parties. /bʌfə/ noun
Buffoon ridiculous but amusing person. /bə'fu:n/ noun
Bulb storage organ in plants that lie dormant . /bʌlb/ noun
Bulimia a psychological/eating disorder . /bjʊ'lɪmɪə/ noun

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 Buoy an object which floats on the sea or a river to mark the places /bɔɪ/ noun
where it is dangerous and where it is safe for boats to go.

Buoyant floating, able to float or able to keep things floating. /bɔɪənt/ adjective
Bureau an administrative office for transacting government affairs. /bjʊərəʊ/ noun
Bureaucrat government official overly concerned with procedure. /bjʊərəkrat/ noun
Burgundy a deep red color . /bə:gəndi/ adjective
Burnish to polish metal until it is smooth and shiny. /ˈbɜːnɪʃ/ verb
Bypass to go around or past something . /bʌɪpɑ:s/ verb
Cadaverous suggestive of death; corpselike. /kə'dav(ə)rəs/ adjective
Cadence the rise and fall of the voice in speaking. /keɪd(ə)ns/ noun
Calibration the action or process of calibrating something. /kalɪ'breɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Calico plain white unbleached cotton. /kalɪkəʊ/ noun
Calumny false accusations that damage a reputation. /kaləmni/ noun
Camaraderie a feeling of friendship and trust among people who work or spend a /ˌkæməˈrɑːdəri/ noun
lot of time together.
Candid truthful and straightforward; frank. /ˈkændɪd/ adjective
Candour openness and honesty . /kandə/ noun
Cannibal a person who eats human flesh. /ˈkænɪbl/ noun
Cannoneer an artilleryman who positioned and fired a cannon. /kanəˈnɪə/ noun

Capricious showing sudden changes in attitude or behaviour. /kə'prɪʃəs/ adjective

Carburettor part of internal combustion engine in a vehicle. /kɑ:bjʊ'rɛtə/ noun
Carcass dead body of an animal . /kɑ:kəs/ noun
Caribbean relating to the region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands /ˌkarɪˈbiːən / noun
(including the West Indies), and the surrounding coasts.

Cartridge a thin tube containing ink which you put inside a pen. /ˈkɑːtrɪdʒ/ noun
Castaway person who is shipwrecked and stranded on an island. /kɑ:stəweɪ/ noun
Catechism religious instruction and knowledge. /katɪkɪz(ə)m/ noun
Cathedral the main church of a district, under the care of a bishop. /kə'θi:dr(ə)l/ noun
Cauldron large metal pot for cooking over an open fire. /kɔ:ldr(ə)n/ noun
Cauliflower cabbage with small immature white flowers. /kɒlɪflaʊə/ noun
Ceaseless constant and unending. /ˈsiːslɪs/ adjective
Censure express severe disapproval of . /sɛnʃə/ noun
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 Centaur a mythological creature that is half man half horse. /sɛntɔ:/ noun
Ceramic a pot or other object made of clay that has been made permanently /sɪ'ramɪk/ noun
hard by heat.
Chagrin annoyance or shame at having failed. /ʃagrɪn/ noun
Channel to direct towards a particular end. /tʃan(ə)l/ verb
Chastise punish, especially by beating. /tʃæˈstaɪz/ verb
Chenille a tufty velvety cord or yarn, used for trimming furniture and made /ʃəˈniːl/ noun
into carpets or clothing.
Cheque a printed form that you can write on and sign as a way of paying for /tʃɛk/ noun
something instead of using money.
Cheroot a cigar with both ends open. /ʃəˈruːt/ noun
Chilblain painful swelling of limbs caused by cold. /tʃɪlbleɪn/ noun
Chimera something hoped for but impossible to achieve . /kʌɪ'mɪərə/ noun
Chimpanzee an anthropoid ape with large ears, mainly black coloration, and /tʃɪmpanˈziː/ noun
lighter skin on the face, native to west and central Africa.

Chivalry respectful behaviour especially towards women. /ʃɪv(ə)lri/ noun

Cholesterol a compound which is present in most body tissues and is important /kəˈlɛstərɒl/ noun
in metabolism.
Chorale a musical composition (or part of one) consisting of or resembling a /kɒˈrɑːl/ noun
harmonised version of a simple, stately hymn tune.

Chrysanthem a plant of the daisy family with brightly coloured ornamental /krɪˈsanθɪməm/ noun
um flowers.
Chuckle to laugh quietly. /tʃʌk(ə)l/ verb

Chute a sloping channel or slide for conveying things to a lower level. /ʃu:t/ noun

Circuitous longer than the most direct path or way. /sə:'kju:ɪtəs/ adjective
Circular shaped like a circle. /ˈsɜːkjələ(r)/ adjective
Circumlocutio the use of more words than necessary . /sə:kəmlə'kju:ʃ(ə)n/ noun
n
Circumvent to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule. /sə:kəm'vɛnt/ verb
Citrine glassy yellow quartz used as gem. /sɪtrɪn/ noun
Civet thin species of cat with spotted coat. /sɪvɪt/ noun
Civility politeness and courtesy. /sɪ'vɪlɪti/ noun
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 Clamour loud and confused noise, especialling shouting. /klamə/ noun
Clarinet a musical instrument shaped like a pipe and has a reed and /ˌklærəˈnet/ noun
a mouthpieceat at the top to blow into.
Classify to arrange something in groups according to features that they /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/ verb
have in common.
Claustrophobi someone who has an extreme or irrational fear of confined places. /klɔ:strə'fəʊbɪk/ adjective
c
Clavicle the collarbone. /klavɪk(ə)l/ noun
Cleaver a heavy knife with a broad blade, used for cutting large pieces of /kli:və/ noun
meat.
Clementine a type of citrus fruit similar to orange. /klɛm(ə)ntʌɪn/ noun
Cliffhanger a story or a situation which is exciting because its ending or result is /klɪfhaŋə/ noun
uncertain until it happens.
Climax the most exciting or important event or point in time. /ˈklaɪmæks/ noun
Clique small close-knit group of people who do not admit new people. /kli:k/ noun

Clout a heavy blow with the hand or a hard object. /klaʊt/ noun
Coalescence act or process of coming together so as to form one body. /ˌkəʊəˈlɛs/ verb
Coalition a temporary alliance, especially of political parties forming a /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
government.
Cobbler a person who repairs shoes. /ˈkɒblə(r)/ noun
Cockroach a large brown insect with wings, that lives in houses, especially /ˈkɒkrəʊtʃ/ noun
where there is dirt.
Codicil an addition that change parts of a legal document . /kɒdɪsɪl/ noun
Coexist exist at the same time and place. /kəʊɪg'zɪst/ verb
Coincidence events coming together without any causal connection. /kəʊ'ɪnsɪd(ə)ns/ noun
Colander bowl with holes to strain food. /kʌləndə/ noun
Collaborate work jointly on an activity. /kə'labəreɪt/ verb
Collateral something pledged as security for repayment of a loan. /kəˈlat(ə)r(ə)l/ noun
Colleague a person with whom one works in a profession or business. /ˈkɒliːg/ noun

Colloquialism a word or phrase that is used in conversation but not in formal /kəˈləʊkwɪəlɪz(ə)m/ noun
speech or writing.
Colonel an officer of high rank in the army, the marines, or the US air force. /ˈkəːn(ə)l/ noun

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 Colossal extremely large. /kəˈlɒsl/ adjective
Column a tall, solid, vertical post, usually round and made of stone, which /ˈkɒləm/ noun
supports or decorates a building or stands alone as a monument.

Combination action of combining different things. /kɒmbɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Comical causing laughter or amusement. /kɒmɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Commando a soldier or a group of soldiers who are trained to make quick /kə'mɑ:ndəʊ/ noun
attacks in enemy areas.
Commence to begin something. /kə'mɛns/ verb
Committee a group of people appointed for a specific function by a larger /kəˈmɪti/ noun
group and typically consisting of members of that group.

Commotion state of confused and noisy disturbance. /kə'məʊʃ(ə)n/ noun

Communal shared by, or for the use of, a number of people, especially people /kəˈmjuːnl/ adjective
who live together.
Commune a group of people living together and sharing possessions and /kɒmju:n/ noun
responsibilities.
Condiment a substance such as salt, mustard, or pickle that is used to add /kɒndɪm(ə)nt/ noun
flavour to food.
Condominium a building or complex of buildings containing a number of /ˌkɒndəˈmɪnɪəm/ noun
individually owned apartments.
Condone approve or allow to happen. /kən'dəʊn/ verb
Condor very large vulture. /kɒndɔ:/ noun
Confession a formal statement admitting to a crime. /kənˈfɛʃ(ə)n/ noun
Confidential intended to be kept secret. /kɒnfɪ'dɛnʃ(ə)l/ adjective
Conniving conspiring to do something evil or harmful . /kə'nʌɪvɪŋ/ adjective
Consensual (of an activity) which the people taking part have agreed to. /kən'sɛnsjʊəl/ adjective
Consensus a general agreement. /kənˈsɛnsəs/ noun
Conservation careful use of resources. /kɒnsə'veɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Constellation a group of stars forming a recognised pattern and typically named /ˌkɒnstəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
after a mythological or other figure.
Constituency a body of customers or supporters . /kən'stɪtjʊənsi/ noun
Constructive serving a useful purpose. /kən'strʌktɪv/ adjective
Consultation act of formally consulting or discussing . /kɒnsəl'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

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 Contempt the feeling that somebody/something is without value and deserves /kən'tɛm(p)t/ noun
no respect at all.

Controversial causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement. /kɒntrə'və:ʃ(ə)l/ adjective
Conurbation a large area where towns have grown and joined together, often /kɒnə'beɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
around a city.
Convenience the quality of being useful, easy or suitable for somebody. /kən'vi:nɪəns/ noun
Conveyance the action or process of transporting or carrying someone or /kən'veɪəns/ noun
something from one place to another.
Convulsion a sudden shaking movement of the body that cannot be controlled. /kən'vʌlʃ(ə)n/ noun

Coronation ceremony of crowning a king or queen . /kɒrə'neɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Correlation mutual relationship of dependence of two or more things. /kɒrə'leɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Corsage bunch of flowers pinned to a woman's dress. /kɔ':sɑ:ʒ/ noun
Couture the design and manufacture of fashionable clothes to a client's /ku:'tjʊə/ noun
specific requirements and measurements.
Couturier a fashion designer who manufactures and sells clothes that have /ku:'tjʊərɪeɪ/ noun
been tailored to a client’s specific requirements and measurements.

Coverage the extent to which something is covered. /kʌv(ə)rɪdʒ/ noun

Coverlet a bedspread. /kʌvəlɪt/ noun
Covet yearn to possess. /kʌvɪt/ verb
Cranny small narrow space . /krani/ adjective
Cravat short white fabric worn around men's necks . /krə'vat/ noun
Craven lacking in courage, cowardly. /kreɪv(ə)n/ noun
Credentials a qualification, achievement, quality, of a person’s background, /krɪ'dɛnʃ(ə)ls/ verb
when used to indicate their suitability for something.

Crenellations the battlements of a castle or other building. /krɛnə'leɪʃnz/ noun

Crevasse a deep open crack in a glacier or ice field. /krɪˈvas/ noun
Criminal related to or constituting as a crime . /krɪmɪn(ə)l/ adjective
Criterion a principle or standard by which something may be judged or /krʌɪˈtɪərɪən/ noun
decided.
Critique give detailed analysis and assessment . /krɪ'ti:k/ verb
Crofter farmer who works on a rented farm . /krɒftə/ noun

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 Crop cut something very short. /krɒp/ verb
Crumble break or fall apart into fragments . /krʌmb(ə)l/ verb
Crustacean aquatic organisms with hard outer shells, like crabs . /krʌ'steɪʃn/ noun
Cryogenics branch of physics dealing with low temperatures. /krʌɪə(ʊ)'dʒɛnɪks/ adjective
Crypt underground vault used as a burial place. /krɪpt/ noun
Crystalline having structure and form of a crystal. /krɪst(ə)lʌɪn/ adjective
Cuboid like a cube in shape . /kju:bɔɪd/ adjective
Cucumber long green-skinned fruit with watery flesh. /kju:kʌmbə/ noun

Cuisine a style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a /kwɪ'zi:n/ noun

particular country, region, or establishment.
Culinary of or for cooking. /ˈkʌlɪn(ə)ri/ adjective
Cultivate to prepare and use land for growing plants or crops. /kʌltɪveɪt/ verb
Culture customs, ideas and social behaviour of a group. /kʌltʃə/ noun
Cumbersome difficult to carry or use . /kʌmbəs(ə)m/ adjective
Cumin aromatic seeds used as spices. /k(j)u:mɪn/ noun
Cummerbund a sash worn around the waist, especially as part of a man's formal /ˈkʌməbʌnd/ noun
evening suit.
Cupboard piece of furniture with doors and shelves. /kʌbəd/ noun
Curtail to limit something or make it last for a shorter time. /kə:'teɪl/ verb
Curvaceous having a pleasingly curved and attractive shape . /kə:'veɪʃəs/ adjective
Custodian person responsible for protecting or guarding something. /kʌ'stəʊdɪən/ noun
Customary according to the customs or usual practices associated with /kʌstəm(ə)ri/ adjective
a particular society, place, or set of circumstances.
Cuticle the dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail. /kju:tɪk(ə)l/ noun
Cutlery knives, forks, and spoons used for eating or serving food. /kʌtləri/ noun
Cyclical occurring in cycles . /sɪklɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Dachshund a dog of a very short-legged, long-bodied breed. /ˈdakshʊnd / noun
Damnum a loss. /damnəm/ noun
Dander lose one’s temper. /dandə/ noun
Debauch destroy or debase the moral purity of. /dɪˈbɔːtʃ/ verb
Debris scattered rubbish or remains. /ˈdɛbriː / noun
Decalcomania the process of transferring designs from prepared paper on to glass, /dɪˌkalkə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/ noun
porcelain, etc.

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 Decelerate to reduce the speed at which a vehicle is travelling. /di:'sɛləreɪt/ verb
Decent of a good enough standard or quality. /di:s(ə)nt/ adjective
Deciduousnes the state of shedding all leaves annually by some trees. /dɪˈsɪdjʊəsnɛs/ adjective
s
Decipher convert a code into normal language. /dɪ'sʌɪfə/ verb
Decree an official order that has the force of law. /dɪˈkriː/ noun
Decrepit (of a thing or person) very old and not in good condition or health. /dɪ'krɛpɪt/ adjective
Deducible arrive at a conclusion by using reason and logic. /dɪ'dju:sɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Defective not perfect, faulty. /dɪ'fɛktɪv/ adjective
Defenestratio the action of throwing someone out the window. /di:fɛnɪ'streɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
n
Defibrillation shocking the heart to restore normal beating. /di:fɪbrɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Defrost become free of ice and cold. /di:'frɒst/ verb
Degrade to show or treat somebody in a way that makes them seem not /dɪ'greɪd/ verb
worth any respect or not worth taking seriously.

Deification the condition of being treated like a god. /deɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Deity a god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion). /ˈdeɪəti / noun
Deliberate done consciously and intentionally. /dɪˈlɪb(ə)rət/ adjective
Deliberation the process of carefully considering or discussing something. /dɪ,lɪbə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Delineate describe or portray (something) precisely. /dɪˈlɪnɪeɪt/ verb

Delivery the action of bringing or handing something over. /dɪ'lɪv(ə)ri/ noun
Demolition the action of knocking down a structure . /dɛmə'lɪʃn/ noun
Denouement the end of a play, book, etc, in which everything is explained or /ˌdeɪˈnuːmɒ̃/ noun
settled; the end result of a situation.
Dependable that can be relied on to do what you want or need. /dɪˈpendəbl/ adjective
Dependent unable to do without. /dɪ'pɛnd(ə)nt/ noun
Deplorable very bad and unacceptable, often in a way that shocks people. /dɪˈplɔːrəbl/ adjective
Deploy to use something effectively. /dɪˈplɔɪ/ verb
Deranged unable to behave and think normally, especially because of mental /dɪ'reɪn(d)ʒd/ adjective
illness.
Deregulate remove regulations or restrictions from. /diːˈrɛgjʊleɪt/ verb
Derelict in very poor condition due to neglect or misuse. /dɛrəlɪkt/ adjective
Derogatory showing a critical or disrespectful attitude. /dɪˈrɒgət(ə)ri/ adjective

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 Derringer small pistol with large bullets /dɛrɪn(d)ʒə/ noun
Descendant a person, animal, etc. that is descended from a particular ancestor. /dɪˈsɛnd(ə)nt/ noun

Desolate empty and without people, making you feel sad or frightened. /dɛs(ə)lət/ adjective

Despite without being affected by. /dɪ'spʌɪt/ preposition

Detain to prevent someone from proceeding by holding them back . /dɪ'teɪn/ verb

Deterrent a thing that deters or is intended to deter someone from doing /dɪˈtɛr(ə)nt/ noun
something.
Devastating very damaging . /dɛvəsteɪtɪŋ/ adjective
Development a new stage in a changing situation. /dɪ'vɛləpm(ə)nt/ noun
Devoid completely lacking in something. /dɪ'vɔɪd/ adjective
Diabetes a disorder of the metabolism causing excessive thirst and the /ˌdʌɪəˈbiːtiːz/ noun
production of large amounts of urine.
Diabolical extremely bad or annoying. /dʌɪə'bɒlɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Diagnose to say exactly what an illness or the cause of a problem is. /dʌɪəgnəʊz/ verb
Diametre a straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a /dʌɪˈamɪtə/ noun
body or figure, especially a circle or sphere.
Diaphanous so light and fine that you can almost see through it /dʌɪ'af(ə)nəs/ adjective

Diffident not having much confidence in yourself; not wanting to talk about /dɪfɪd(ə)nt/ adjective
yourself.
Diffuse spread over a wide area. /dɪˈfjuːs/ adjective
Digestive relating to the process of digesting food. /daɪˈdʒestɪv/ adjective
Dignitary a person who has an important official position. /ˈdɪɡnɪtəri/ noun
Digress leave the main subject temporarily. /dʌɪ'grɛs/ verb
Dilapidated old and in very bad condition. /dɪ'lapɪdeɪtɪd/ adjective
Dilate make or become wider . /dʌɪ'leɪt/ verb
Dilemma a situation which makes problems, often one in which you have to /dɪˈlemə / noun
make a very difficult choice between things of equal importance.

Diligence careful and persistent work or effort. /ˈdɪlɪdʒ(ə)ns/ noun

Diligent showing care and effort in your work or duties. /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/ adjective

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 Diphtheria a serious infectious disease of the throat that causes difficulty in /dɪfθɪəriə/ noun
breathing.
Disagreement a situation where people have different opinions about something /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt/ noun
and often argue.
Discombobula disconcert or confuse (someone). /dɪskəm'bɒbjʊleɪt/ adjective
ted
Discrepency lack of compatibility between facts /dɪs'krɛp(ə)nsi/ noun
Disgorge discharge or pour out /dɪs'gɔ:dʒ/ verb
Disguised alter in appearance or nature so as to conceal the identity of. /dɪsˈgʌɪzd/ verb

Dishearten to make somebody lose hope or confidence ; depression. /dɪs'hɑ:t(ə)n/ verb

Dissatisfactio a feeling that you are not pleased and satisfied. /dɪssatɪs'fakʃn/ noun
n
Dissect to cut up a dead person, animal or plant in order to study it. /dɪˈsekt / verb
Dissident a person who strongly disagrees with and criticises their /ˈdɪsɪdənt/ noun
government, especially in a country where this kind of action is
dangerous.
Distraught very worried and upset. /dɪˈstrɔːt/ adjective
Docile ready to accept control or instruction; submissive. /dəʊsʌɪl/ adjective
Doctrine a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, a political /ˈdɒktrɪn/ noun
party, etc.
Doldrums the state of feeling sad or depressed. /dɒldrəmz/ noun
Dormitory bedrooms for a number of people at a school or college. /dɔ:mɪt(ə)ri/ noun
Draconian excessively harsh and severe. /drə'kəʊnɪən/ adjective
Drenched to make somebody/something completely wet. /drɛn(t)ʃd/ verb
Droll amusing in a strange way. /drəʊl/ adjective
Drool let saliva fall uncontrollably from the mouth. /dru:l/ verb
Dumpster a rubbish bin. /dʌmpstə/ noun

Dupe to trick someone . /dju:p/ verb

Duration time during which something continues. /djʊ'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Duvet a soft quilt filled with down, feathers, or a synthetic fibre, /d(j)u:veɪ/ noun
used instead of an upper sheet and blankets.
Dysentery an infection of the bowels that causes severe diarrhea with loss of /ˈdɪs(ə)nt(ə)ri/ noun
blood.
Dysthymia persistent mild depression. /dɪs'θʌɪmɪə/ noun
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 Dystopia imaginary place or society where everything is bad. /dɪs'təʊpɪə/ noun
Dystrophy disorder in which organs of the body waste away. /dɪstrəfi/ noun
Ecclesiastical relating to the Christian Church or its clergy. /ɪ,kli:zɪ'astɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Eclectic deriving ideas or style from a broad and diverse range of sources. /ɪˈklɛktɪk/ adjective

Edacious related to food. /ɪ'deɪʃəs/ adjective

Efficacious successful in producing a desired or intended result; effective. /ɛfɪ'keɪʃəs/ adjective

Effulgence the quality of shining brightly. /ɪˈfʌldʒ(ə)ns/ noun

Egotistic being excessively proud of oneself. /ɛgə'tɪstɪk/ adjective
Egregious outstandingly bad, shocking. /ɪ'gri:dʒəs/ adjective
Elegant attractive and showing a good sense of style. /ˈelɪɡənt/ adjective
Elevate lift to higher position . /ɛlɪveɪt/ verb
Elevator a machine that carries people or goods up and down to different /ɛlɪveɪtə/ noun
levels in a building or a mine.
Eloquent fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing. /ɛləkwənt/ adjective
Elucidate make clear by explaining . /ɪ'l(j)u:sɪdeɪt/ verb
Embarkation act of boarding a plane or ship. /ɪm'bɑ:k/ noun
Embedded fixed firmly into something. /ɪm'bɛd/ adjective
Embroidery patterns that are sewn onto cloth using threads of various colours. /ɪm'brɔɪd(ə)ri/ noun

Emerald bright green precious stone. /ɛm(ə)r(ə)ld/ noun

Emissary a person sent as a diplomatic representative on a special mission. /ɛmɪs(ə)ri/ noun

Emphasis importance, prominance or value given to something. /ɛmfəsɪs/ noun

Emulate match or surpass (a person or achievement), typically by imitation. /ɛmjʊleɪt/ verb

Enact put into practise (an idea or suggestion). /ɪ'nakt/ verb

Enchilada a Mexican dish consisting of a tortilla filled with meat and covered /ˌentʃɪˈlɑːdə/ noun
with a spicy sauce.
Enclosure area sealed off by a barricade. /ɪn'kləʊʒə/ noun
Encroach to begin to affect or use up too much of somebody’s time, rights, /ɪn'krəʊtʃ/ verb
personal life, etc.

Endearing inspiring love or affection . /ɪn'dɪərɪŋ/ adjective

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 Endorse declare one's public approval of . /ɪn'dɔ:s/ verb
Endurance ability to tolerate . /ɪn'djʊər(ə)ns/ noun
Enfranchise give the right to vote to. /ɪnˈfran(t)ʃʌɪz / verb
Enmity state of being an enemy, hostility. /ɛnmɪti/ noun
Enrich improve the quality or value of. /ɪn'rɪtʃ/ verb
Entertain provide with amusement or enjoyment . /ɛntə'teɪn/ verb
Enthusiasm intense enjoyment, interest, or approval. /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ noun
Entice attract by offering something in return. /ɪn'tʌɪs/ verb
Entrepreneur a person who sets up a business or businesses, taking on financial /,ɒntrəprə'nə:/ noun
risks in the hope of profit.
Enunciate say or pronounce words clearly. /ɪˈnʌnsɪeɪt/ verb
Epidemic a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at /ɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/ noun
a particular time.
Eponymous referred to in the title . /ɪ'pɒnɪməs/ adjective
Equanimity calmness and composure. /,ɛkwə'nɪmɪti/ noun
Equine relating to horses. /i:kwʌɪn/ adjective
Equinox either of the two occasions, six months apart, when day and night /i:kwɪnɒks/ noun
are of equal length.
Equivocate use ambiguous or unclear language. /ɪ'kwɪvəkeɪt/ verb
Ermine the fur of a stoat used in clothing. /ə:mɪn/ noun
Erosion the process or result of eroding or being eroded. /ɪˈrəʊʒ(ə)n/ noun
Erudite having or showing great knowledge. /ɛrʊdʌɪt/ adjective
Erysipelas a skin disease characterized by large red patches on the face and /,ɛrɪ'sɪpɪləs/ noun
legs.
Escutcheon a shield that has a coat of arms on it. /ɪˈskʌtʃ(ə)n / noun
Ethical connected with beliefs and principles about what is right and /ɛθɪk(ə)l/ adjective
wrong.
Ethnocentric evaluating other cultures according to preconceptions originating in /ˌɛθnə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrɪk/ adjective
one's own culture.
Evanescent disappearing quickly from sight or memory. /ˌiːvəˈnesnt/ adjective
Eventful full of interesting or exciting events. /ɪ'vɛntfʊl/ adjective
Eviscerate cut or slash open someone's stomach. /ɪ'vɪsəreɪt/ verb
Evolutionary connected with gradual development and change. /ˌiːvəˈluːʃənri / adjective
Exacerbate to make something worse, especially a disease or problem. /ɪg'zasəbeɪt/ verb
Excavate make (a hole or channel) by digging. /ˈɛkskəveɪt/ verb
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 Excerpt a short extract from a film, broadcast, text, or piece of music. /ˈɛksəːpt/ noun

Excitement feeling of enthusiasm and eagerness . /ɪk'sʌɪtmənt/ noun

Excoriate to criticise somebody/something severely. /ɪk'skɔ:rɪeɪt/ verb

Excrescence an ugly lump that has grown on a part of an animal's body or on a /ɪk'skrɛs(ə)ns/ noun
plant.
Excruciating intensely painful or embarrassing. /ɪk'skru:ʃieɪtɪŋ/ adjective
Excusable able to justify or forgive. /ɪk'sju:zəb(ə)l/ adjective
Execrable extremely bad or unpleasant. /ˈɛksɪkrəb(ə)l/ adjective
Exert to use power or influence to affect somebody/something. /ɪg'zə:t/ verb
Exhaustion state of being tired and drained. /ɪg'zɔ:stʃ(ə)n/ noun
Exhort strongly encourage or force someone to do something. /ɪg'zɔ:t/ verb
Exigency an urgent need or demand that you must deal with. /ɛksɪdʒ(ə)nsi/ noun
Exiguous very small in size or amount; hardly enough. /ɪg'zɪgjʊəs/ adjective
Exorbitant (of a price) much too high. //ɪg'zɔ:bɪt(ə)nt/ adjective
Expedient an action that is useful or necessary for a particular purpose, but /ɪk'spi:dɪənt/ adjective
not always fair or right.
Expostulate express strong disapproval or disagreement. /ɪk'spɒstjʊleɪt/ verb
Expropriate taking property from owner for public use or consumption. /ɪks'prəʊprɪeɪt/ verb
Expunge to remove entirely. /ɪk'spʌn(d)ʒ/ verb
Expurgate remove matter thought to be objectionable or unsuitable from (a /ɛkspə:geɪt/ verb
text or account).
Extrapolate extend the application of to a large context. /ɪk'strapəleɪt/ verb
Extremity the furthest point or limit . /ɪk'strɛmɪti/ noun
Exuberance liveliness and cheerfulness. /ɪg'z(j)u:b(ə)r(ə)ns/ noun
Façade the principal front of a building, facing on to a street or open space. /fəˈsɑːd/ noun

Facile ignoring the complexity of an issue, superficial. /fasʌɪl/ adjective

Faille a soft, light woven fabric with a ribbed texture. /feɪl/ noun
Fascinating attracting attention or interest. /fasɪneɪtɪŋ/ adjective
Faucet a device that controls the flow of water from a pipe. /ˈfɔːsɪt/ noun
Favourable expressing approval or consent. /feɪv(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective
Feast large celebratory meal. /fi:st/ noun
Feature a distinct attribute or characteristic. /fi:tʃə/ noun
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 Felicitous well chosen or suited to the circumstance. /fəˈlɪsɪtəs/ adjective
Fence barrier enclosing an area to keep things in or out. /fɛns/ noun
Festoon adorn or decorate with. /fɛ'stu:n/ verb
Fete an outdoor public function or celebration. /feɪt/ noun
Fetid smelling unpleasant. /fɛtɪd/ adjective
Fetter chain or restraints of some kind. /fɛtə/ noun
Fettuccine pasta made in ribbons. /fɛtʊ'tʃi:ni/ noun
Feud prolonged bitter quarrel or dispute. /fju:d/ noun
Fiasco a ludicrous or humiliating failure. /fɪˈaskəʊ/ noun
Fictitious not real or true. /fɪk'tɪʃəs/ adjective

Ficus plant of warm tropical climate. /fi:kəs/ noun

Fidelity continuing loyalty to a person, idea or belief. /fɪ'dɛlɪti/ noun
Fidgety restless or uneasy. /fɪdʒɪti/ adjective
Filial relating to son or daughter. /fɪlɪəl/ adjective
Fioritura extra decorative notes added to a melody by an opera singer. /fiˌɔːrɪˈtʊərə/ noun

Flaccid soft and limp. /ˈflæsɪd/ adjective

Flannel a soft light woollen fabric with a slight nap, used for clothing. /flan(ə)l/ noun

Fleeting lasting for a short time. /fli:tɪŋ/ adjective

Flounder have trouble doing or understanding something. /ˈflaʊndə/ verb
Fluster make agitated or confused. /flʌstə/ verb
Focus the centre of interest or activity. /fəʊkəs/ noun
Foil prevent the success of. /fɔɪl/ verb
Follicle any small sac or cavity in the body having an excretory, secretory, /fɒlɪk(ə)l/ noun
or protective function.
Foresight ability to anticipate future events. /fɔ:sʌɪt/ noun
Forewarned warned in advance. /fɔ:'wɔ:n/ adjective
Forfeit lose or be deprived of (property or a right or privilege) as a penalty /ˈfɔːfɪt/ verb
for wrongdoing.
Forlorn pitifully sad and lonely. /fə'lɔ:n/ adjective
Formality rigid observance of rules and conventions. /fɔ:'malɪti/ noun
Foyer an entrance hall in a public building. /fɔɪeɪ/ noun

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 Fragrance a pleasant, sweet smell. /freɪgr(ə)ns/ noun
Freight transport of goods in bulk, especially by truck, train, or ship. /freɪt/ noun
Frenzy state of uncontrolled excitement or wildness. /frɛnzi/ noun
Fret be constantly or visibly anxious. /frɛt/ verb
Fricassee dish of stewed or fried pieces of meat. /frɪkəsi:/ noun
Frigate a small fast ship in the navy that travels with other ships in order to /frɪgət/ noun
protect them.
Fringe border of threads used at the edge of cloth or garment /frɪn(d)ʒ/ noun
Frisson a strong feeling of excitement or fear. /frɪsɒn/ noun
Frivolous silly or amusing, especially when such behaviour is not suitable. /frɪv(ə)ləs/ adjective

Frond leaf-like part of plants like palms and ferns. /frɒnd/ noun
Fumble move around clumsily using hands to find the way. /fʌmb(ə)l/ verb
Furlough leave of absence, especially from military duty. /ˈfəːləʊ/ noun
Fuselage main body of an aircraft. /fju:zəlɑ:ʒ/ noun
Fustian pompous speech or writing. /fʌstɪən/ noun
Futile producing no useful result . /fju:tʌɪl/ adjective

Futuristic having or involving modern technology or design. /fju:tʃə'rɪstɪk/ adjective

Gallimaufry a confused jumble or medley of things. /ˌgalɪˈmɔːfri/ noun
Gazette a journal or newspaper, especially the official one of an organisation /gəˈzɛt/ noun
or institution.
Gegenschein a patch of very faint nebulous light sometimes seen in the night sky /geɪgənˌʃʌɪn/ noun
opposite to the position of the sun.
Genealogy study of family trees and lines of descent. /dʒi:nɪ'alədʒi/ noun
Gentility socially superior character or behaviour. /dʒɛn'tɪlɪti/ noun
Genuine authentic, true. /dʒɛnjʊɪn/ adjective
Geriatric of or relating to old people, especially with regard to their health /dʒɛrɪˈatrɪk/ adjective
care.
Germane relevant to a subject. /dʒəːˈmeɪn/ adjective
Gerund verb form that functions as a noun. /dʒɛrʌnd/ noun
Gestapo the German secret police under Nazi rule. /gəˈstɑːpəʊ/ noun
Geyser a hot-water heater, as for a bath. /gi:zə/ noun
Gigantism unusual or abnormal largeness. /dʒʌɪgantɪz(ə)m/ noun
Giraffe an African animal with very long legs and neck. /dʒɪ'rɑ:f/ noun
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 Glamorous alluring and appealing. /glamərəs/ adjective
Glaze liquid substance that will give an object a shiny appearance /gleɪz/ noun
Glimpse a momentary or partial view. /glɪm(p)s/ noun
Gluttonous excessively greedy eating. /glʌt(ə)nəs/ adjective
Gnash grind (teeth) together in anger. /naʃ / verb
Gnat small two-winged fly. /nat/ noun
Gnome legendary imaginary dwarfish creature. /nəʊm/ noun
Gnosis knowledge of spiritual matters. /ˈnəʊsɪs/ noun
Goatee a small pointed beard like that of a goat. /gəʊˈtiː/ noun
Gooey soft and sticky. /ˈguːi/ adjective
Gourmand person who enjoys eating. /gʊəmənd/ noun
Grainy showing small hard particles of material. /greɪni/ adjective
Grammar system and structure of a language and all its rules. /gramə/ noun
Grandiloquen pompous or extravagant in language, style, or manner. /granˈdɪləkwəns/ adjective
ce
Grandiose impressive or magnificent, especially pretentiously so. /ˈgrandɪəʊs/ adjective
Graph diagram showing mathematical data and relations. /grɑ:f/ noun
Grapple engage in close fight or struggle with. /grap(ə)l/ verb
Grasp a firm hold on something. /grɑ:sp/ noun
Grate recess of a fireplace. /greɪt/ noun
Grave hole dug in the ground to receive corpse or coffin. /greɪv/ noun
Gravity force pulling a body towards earth. /gravɪti/ noun
Gravy fat and juices exuding from meat during cooking. /greɪvi/ noun

Greeting word or sign of welcome or recognition. /gri:tɪŋ/ noun

Gregarious fond of company. /grɪ'gɛ:rɪəs/ adjective
Grenade small bomb thrown by hand. /grə'neɪd/ noun
Grope feel or search blindly with hands. /grəʊp/ verb
Grotto small artificially constructed cave. /grɒtəʊ/ noun
Guardian defender protector or keeper . /gɑ:dɪən/ noun
Guayule a silver-leaved Mexican shrub which yields large amounts of latex. /gwʌɪˈuːli/ noun

Guilloche architectural ornamentation resembling braided or interlaced /gɪˈləʊʃ / noun

ribbons.

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 Guinea gold coin worth a little more than a pound. /gɪni/ noun
Gumption shrewd and spirited resourcefulness. /gʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ noun
Gutter groove or channel to drain waste water. /gʌtə/ noun
Habitat natural home or environment. /habɪtat/ noun
Haecceity the property of being a unique and individual thing. /hɛkˈsiːɪti / noun
Haiku a Japanese poem of seventeen syllables, in three lines of five, /ˈhʌɪkuː/ noun
seven, and five.
Hallmark a feature or quality that is typical of somebody/something. /ˈhɔːlmɑːk/ noun
Hallucinogen a psychoactive drug that induces hallucinations or altered sensory /həˈluːsɪnədʒ(ə)n/ noun
experiences.
Hapless not lucky; unfortunate. /hapləs/ adjective
Harass torment through interference or intimidation. /hə'ras/ verb
Harbinger something that announces the approach of something. /hɑ:bɪn(d)ʒə/ noun
Harridan strict bossy old woman. /harɪd(ə)n/ noun
Hatchet small axe with short handle. /hatʃɪt/ noun
Havoc great confusion and disorder. /havək/ noun
Hearsay information received from other people which cannot be /hɪəseɪ/ noun
substantiated; rumour.
Hearty robust and healthy. /hɑ:ti/ adjective
Heathen a person lacking culture or moral principles. /hi:ð(ə)n/ noun
Heckler someone who interrupts with rude comments. /hɛk'lə:/ noun
Hefty large and heavy. /hɛfti/ adjective
Hegemony leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group /hɪˈdʒɛməni/ noun
over others.
Heirloom a valuable object that has belonged to a family for several /ˈɛːluːm/ noun
generations.
Heliocentric having the sun at the centre. /hi:lɪə(ʊ)'sɛntrɪk/ adjective
Helm a position of leadership. /hɛlm/ noun
Herbaceous related to herbs. /hə:'beɪʃəs/ adjective
Herbivorous (of animals) eating only plants. /hə:'bɪv(ə)rəs/ adjective

Heresy belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially /ˈhɛrɪsi/ noun

Christian) doctrine.
Hermeneutic concerning interpretations of literary texts /hə:mɪ'nju:tɪk/ adjective
Herptile reptile or amphibian. /hə:ptʌɪl/ adjective
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 Heuchera a North American plant with dark green, round or heart-shaped /ˈhɔɪkərə/ noun
leaves and slender stems of tiny flowers.
Heuristic enabling a person to discover or learn something by oneself. /hjʊ(ə)'rɪstɪk/ adjective

Hewn chopped or cut from wood. /hju:n/ verb

Hierarchy a ranking system ordered according to status or authority. /ˈhʌɪərɑːki/ noun
Hieroglyphics a picture or symbol of an object, representing a word, syllable or /hʌɪrəˈglɪfɪks/ noun
sound, especially as used in ancient Egyptian and other writing
systems.
Hilarious extremely amusing. /hɪ'lɛ:rɪəs/ adjective
Hinder make it difficult for someone to do something. /hɪndə/ verb
Hindsight understanding a situation only after it has taken place. /hʌɪn(d)sʌɪt/ noun
Hint slight or indirect indication. /hɪnt/ verb
Historical belonging or set in the past. /hɪ'stɒrɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Histrionic overly theatrical or melodramatic. /hɪstrɪ'ɒnɪk/ adjective
Hoarding a large board in a public place, used to display advertisements. /ˈhɔːdɪŋ/ noun

Hoarseness (of a voice) rough and harsh. /hɔːsnɛs/ adjective

Hoax humorous or malicious deception. /həʊks/ noun
Hodgepodge a confused mixture. /ˈhɒdʒpɒdʒ/ noun
Hokum nonsense. /həʊkəm/ noun
Holm a small island on a river. /həʊm/ noun
Homely simple but comfortable. /həʊmli/ adjective
Homeopathy a system of treating diseases or conditions using very small /həʊmɪˈɒpəθi/ noun
amounts of the substance that causes the disease or condition.

Homologous similar in position, structure, etc. to something else. /hɒ'mɒləgəs/ adjective

Honorary conferred as an honour. /ɒn(ə)(rə)ri/ adjective
Horde a large group. /hɔ:d/ noun
Hortatory aimed towards encouraging someone. /hɔ:tət(ə)ri/ adjective
Humanitarian concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare. /hjʊ,manɪ'tɛ:rɪən/ noun
Humanity compassion or benevolence. /hjʊ'manɪti/ noun
Hurdle an obstacle or difficulty. /hə:d(ə)l/ noun
Husbandry the care breeding and cultivation of crops or animals. /hʌzbəndri/ noun

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 Hybrid something made by combining two different types together. /hʌɪbrɪd/ noun

Hymnal a book of religious songs. /hɪmn(ə)l/ noun

Hypochondria person who is normally anxious about their health. /hʌɪpə(ʊ)'kɒndrɪak/ adjective
c
Hypocrite a person who doesn't act the way they say others should. /ˈhɪpəkrɪt/ noun
Hypocritical claiming to have higher standards than in reality. /hɪpə'krɪtɪkl/ adjective
Hypoglycaemi deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream. /hʌɪpəʊglʌɪ'si:mɪə/ noun
a
Hypotenuse the longest side of a right-angled triangle. /hʌɪ'pɒtənju:z/ noun
Hypothetical supposing that a situation is true. /hʌɪpə'θɛtɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Iconic having qualities worthy of respect. /ʌɪ'kɒnɪk/ adjective
Ignoble not honourable. /ɪg'nəʊb(ə)l/ adjective
Illimitable limitless. /ɪ'lɪmɪtəb(ə)l/ adjective
Imbibe absorb (ideas or knowledge). /ɪmˈbʌɪb/ verb
Immaculate perfectly neat and tidy. /ɪ'makjʊlət/ adjective
Immediate occurring or done at once. /ɪˈmiːdiət/ adjective
Immigrate to come and live permanently in a country after leaving your own /ˈɪmɪɡreɪt/ verb
country.
Impartial not supporting one person or group more than another. /ɪm'pɑ:ʃ(ə)l/ adjective
Impassive not feeling or showing emotion. /ɪm'pasɪv/ adjective
Impecunious having little or no money. /ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːnɪəs/ adjective
Imperil put at risk. /ɪm'pɛrɪl/ verb
Imperious expecting people to obey you and treating them as if they are not /ɪm'pɪərɪəs/ adjective
as important as you.
Impiety a lack or respect for God and religion. /ɪm'pʌɪɪti/ noun
Implement to make something that has been officially decided start to happen /ɪmplɪm(ə)nt/ verb
or be used.
Implication the implicit conclusion that can be drawn from something. /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ noun
Implicit implied though not directly expressed. /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/ adjective
Importunate asking for things many times in a way that is annoying. /ɪm'pɔ:tjʊnət/ adjective
Imposition an unwelcome burden. /ɪmpə'zɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Impoverished make (a person or area) poor. /ɪm'pɒv(ə)rɪʃd/ adjective

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 Impromptu a short piece of instrumental music, especially a solo, reminiscent /ɪmˈprɒm(p)tjuː/ noun
of an improvisation.
Impropriety improper behaviour of character. /ɪmprə'prʌɪəti/ noun
Impulse a sudden strong wish or need to do something, without stopping to /ɪmpʌls/ noun
think about the results.
Impunity exemption from punishment or freedom from the harmful /ɪmˈpjuːnəti/ noun
consequences of an action.
Inadvertent done by accident, without being intended. /ɪnəd'və:t(ə)nt/ adjective
Inane lacking sense or meaning. /ɪ'neɪn/ adjective
Inanition exhaustion caused by lack of nourishment. /ɪnə'nɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Inaugurate introduce (a new system, period, etc.) /ɪ'nɔ:gjʊreɪt/ verb

Incapacitate prevent from functioning in a normal way. /ˌɪnkəˈpasɪteɪt/ verb
Incendiary designed to cause fires. /ɪn'sɛndɪəri/ adjective
Incensed very angry. /ɪn'sɛnst/ adjective
Incentive a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something. /ɪnˈsentɪv / noun

Incessant (especially of something unpleasant) continuing without pause or /ɪnˈsɛs(ə)nt/ adjective

interruption.
Inchoate not yet completed or fully developed. /ɪnˈkəʊeɪt/ adjective
Incident an event or occurrence; an instance of something happening. /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ noun

Incipient beginning to happen or develop. /ɪn'sɪpɪənt/ adjective

Incivility rude or unsociable behaviour. /ɪnsɪ'vɪlɪti/ noun
Inclement unpleasantly cold. /ɪn'klɛm(ə)nt/ adjective
Inconclusive not leading to any firm result. /ɪnkən'klu:sɪv/ adjective
Incorrigible not able to be corrected or reformed. /ɪnˈkɒrɪdʒɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Incumbent currently holding office /ɪn'kʌmb(ə)nt / noun
Indecipherabl not able to be read or understood. /ˌɪndɪˈsʌɪf(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective
e
Indefatigable persisting tirelessly. /ɪndɪ'fatɪgəb(ə)l/ adjective
Indelible unable to be forgotten. /ɪn'dɛlɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Indicator a thing that shows a state or level. /ɪndɪkeɪtə/ noun
Indictment formal charge or accusation of a crime. /ɪn'dʌɪtm(ə)nt/ noun

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 Indigenous originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native. /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/ adjective

Indignant feeling or showing annoyance at what is perceived as unfair /ɪnˈdɪgnənt/ adjective

treatment.
Indigo a dark blue colour. /ɪndɪgəʊ/ noun
Indiscernible impossible to see or clearly distinguish. /ɪndɪ'sə:nɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Indoctrinate teach (a person or group) to accept a set of beliefs uncritically. /ɪn'dɒktrɪneɪt/ adjective

Indoctrination acceptance of beliefs through repeated instruction. /ɪn'dɒktrɪneɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Indraught an inward flow of air. /ɪndrɑ:ft/ noun
Indubitable something that cannot be doubted. /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəb(ə)l/ adjective
Indulgence taking enjoyment in something. /ɪn'dʌldʒ(ə)ns/ noun
Industrious diligent and hardworking. /ɪn'dʌstrɪəs/ adjective
Inefficacious not producing the desired effect. /ɪnɛfɪ'keɪʃəs/ adjective
Ineligible not having the necessary qualifications to have or to do something ; /ɪnˈɛlɪdʒɪb(ə)l/ adjective
disqualified.
Inept acting or done with no skill. /ɪˈnept/ adjective

Ineptitude lack of the ability to do something successfully. /ɪ'nɛptɪtju:d/ noun

Inertia tendency to do nothing. /ɪ'nə:ʃə/ noun
Infamy quality of being known for a bad deed. /ɪnfəmi/ noun
Infant a very young child or baby. /ˈɪnfənt/ noun
Inferior lower in rank, status, or quality. /ɪnˈfɪəriə(r)/ adjective
Inferno a large fire that is dangerously out of control. /ɪnˈfɜːnəʊ/ noun
Ingenuity being clever original and inventive. /ɪndʒɪ'nju:ɪti/ noun
Ingenuous innocent and unsuspecting. /ɪn'dʒɛnjʊəs/ adjective
Ingratiate bring oneself into favour through flattery. /ɪn'greɪʃɪeɪt/ verb
Inimitable impossible to imitate. /ɪ'nɪmɪtəb(ə)l/ adjective
Innocuous harmless and inoffensive. /ɪ'nɒkjʊəs/ adjective
Innuendo an allusive or oblique remark, typically a suggestive or disparaging /ˌɪnjʊˈɛndəʊ/ noun
one.
Inoculate to protect a person or an animal from catching a particular disease /ɪ'nɒkjʊleɪt/ verb
by injecting them with a mild form of the disease.
Inodorous having no smell. /ɪn'əʊd(ə)rəs/ adjective
Insipid lacking flavour; weak or tasteless. /ɪn'sɪpɪd/ adjective

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 Insouciant free from concern, worry, or anxiety; carefree; nonchalant. /ɪnˈsuːsɪənt / adjective
Inspissate congeal or thicken. /ɪn'spɪseɪt/ verb
Insufferable unbearably rude. /ɪn'sʌf(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective
Insufficient not enough. /ɪnsə'fɪʃ(ə)nt/ adjective
Insular narrow-minded. /ɪnsjʊlə/ adjective
Insurgent rebel or revolutionary. /ɪn'sə:dʒ(ə)nt/ noun
Insurrectionar a violent uprising against authority. /ˌɪnsəˈrɛkʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ noun
y
Intaglio a design incised or engraved into a material. /ɪn'talɪəʊ/ noun
Intelligentsia intellectuals or highly educated people. /ɪn,tɛlɪ'dʒɛntsɪə/ noun
Intelligible able to be understood. /ɪn'tɛlɪdʒɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Intercalate insert (an intercalary period) in a calendar. /ɪnˈtəːkəleɪt / verb
Intermediary person who intervenes in a dispute. /ɪntə'mi:dɪəri/ noun
Intermingle mix together. /ɪntə'mɪŋg(ə)l/ verb
Interpret explain the meaning of (words, actions, etc). /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ verb
Interregnum a period when normal government is suspended, especially /ˌɪntəˈrɛgnəm/ noun
between successive reigns or regimes.
Interrogate ask questions closely. /ɪn'tɛrəgeɪt/ verb
Interrupt stop the continuous progress of. /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ verb
Interval an intervening time or space. /ˈɪntəvl/ noun
Intrepid very brave; not afraid of danger or difficulties. /ɪn'trɛpɪd/ adjective
Intricacy having the quality of being complex or detailed. /ɪntrɪkəsi/ noun
Introspection examination of one's thoughts and feelings. /ɪntrə(ʊ)'spɛkʃ(ə)n/ noun

Inundate overwhelm with things to be dealt with. /ˈɪnʌndeɪt/ verb

Inured accustomed to something unpleasant. /ɪ'njʊə/ adjective
Invective abusive language. /ɪn'vɛktɪv/ noun
Invigilate supervise candidates during an examination. /ɪn'vɪdʒɪleɪt/ verb
Inwrought intricately embroidered. /ɪn'rɔ:t/ adjective
Irrefrangible that can not be broken or violated. /ˌɪrɪˈfran(d)ʒɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Isochronous relating to or denoting equal intervals of time. /ʌɪˈsɒkrənəs/ adjective
Isohel a line on a map connecting points having the same duration of /ˈʌɪsə(ʊ)hɛl/ noun
sunshine.
Itinerant travelling from place to place. /ɪ'tɪn(ə)r(ə)nt/ adjective

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 Itinerary a planned route or journey. /ʌɪˈtɪn(ə)(rə)ri/ noun
Jacuzzi a system of underwater jets that keep the water in a bath or pool /dʒə'ku:zi/ noun
constantly agitated.
Janitor a caretaker or doorkeeper of a building. /ˈdʒanɪtə/ noun
Jaundice a medical condition in which the skin and the white parts of the /dʒɔ:ndɪs/ noun
eyes become yellow.
Jaunty having a lively self-confident manner. /dʒɔ:nti/ adjective
Javelin a long, light spear thrown in a competitive sport or as a weapon. /ˈdʒav(ə)lɪn/ noun

Jehovah the name of God that is used in the Old Testament of the Bible. /dʒɪˈhəʊvə/ noun

Jettison throw or drop from an aircraft or ship. /ˈdʒɛtɪs(ə)n/ verb

Jocular humorous . /dʒɒkjʊlə/ adjective
Jostle push or bump against roughly. /ˈdʒɒs(ə)l/ verb
Judoka a person who practises or is an expert in judo. /ˈdʒuːdəʊkə/ noun
Juggernaut a large heavy vehicle, especially an articulated truck. /ˈdʒʌgənɔːt/ noun
Jujube edible berry-like fruit. /dʒu:dʒu:b/ noun
Julienne food cut into short thin strips. /,dʒu:lɪ'ɛn/ verb
Juvenescent being youthful; young. /ˌdʒuːvəˈnɛs(ə)nt/ adjective
Kalanchoe a tropical succulent plant with clusters of tubular flowers, grown as /ˌkalənˈkəʊi/ noun
an indoor or greenhouse plant.
Kaleidoscope a toy consisting of a tube containing mirrors and pieces of coloured /kəˈlʌɪdəskəʊp/ noun
glass or paper, whose reflections produce changing patterns when
the tube is rotated.
Kamikaze a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate /ˌkamɪˈkɑːzi/ noun
suicidal crash on an enemy target.
Kayak a light canoe in which the part where you sit is covered over. /kʌɪak/ noun

Kedgeree an Indian dish consisting chiefly of rice, lentils, onions, and eggs. /ˈkɛdʒəriː/ noun

Keelhaul punish (someone) by dragging them through the water from one /ˈkiːlhɔːl/ verb
side of a boat to the other, under the keel.
Kernel the central or most important part of something. /ˈkɜːnl/ noun
Kestrel a small falcon that hunts by hovering with rapidly beating wings. /ˈkɛstr(ə)l/ noun

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 Ketchup a spicy sauce made chiefly from tomatoes and vinegar, used as a /ˈketʃəp/ noun
relish.
Khoum a monetary unit of Mauritania, equal to one fifth of an ouguiya. /kuːm/ noun

Kibble to ground or chop coarsely. /kɪb(ə)l/ verb

Kickshaw a fancy but insubstantial cooked dish. /ˈkɪkʃɔː/ noun
Killick a heavy stone used by small craft as an anchor. /ˈkɪlɪk/ noun
Kindle light a flame . /kɪnd(ə)l/ verb
Kinetic relating to or resulting from motion. /kɪ'nɛtɪk/ adjective
Kleptomania a recurrent urge to steal, typically without regard for need or /ˌklɛptə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/ noun
profit.
Knapsack a soldier's or hiker's bag with shoulder straps, carried on the back. /napsak/ noun

Knave dishonest inscrupulous man. /neɪv/ noun

Knead to press and stretch dough, wet clay, etc. with your hands to make /ni:d/ verb
it ready to use.
Knuckle a part of a finger at a joint where the bone is near the surface. /ˈnʌk(ə)l/ noun

Kwashiorkor a form of malnutrition caused by protein deficiency in the diet, /ˌkwɒʃɪˈɔːkɔː/ noun
typically affecting young children in the tropics.
Laager an encampment formed by a circle of wagons. /ˈlɑːgə/ noun
Laburnum a small hardwood tree with hanging clusters of yellow flowers /ləˈbəːnəm/ noun
followed by pods of poisonous seeds.
Lacuna a blank space or missing partion. /ləˈkjuːnə/ noun
Lagan goods or wreckage lying in the sea. /lag(ə)n/ noun
Laksa a Malaysian noodle dish. /lɑ:ksa/ noun
Lallation imprefect pronunciation of different letters. /la'leɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Lamellibranch an aquatic mollusc which has a compressed body enclosed within /ləˈmɛlɪbraŋk/ noun
two hinged shells, such as an oyster, mussel, or scallop.

Lampoon publicly ridicule. /lam'pu:n/ verb

Lamprey an eel-like jawless fish. /lampri/ noun
Lance weapon with wooden body and metal head. /lɑ:ns/ noun
Lancet short two-edged surgical knife. /lɑ:nsɪt/ noun
Landau horse-drawn carriage with removable cover. /landɔ:/ noun

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 Landsknecht a member of a class of mercenary soldiers in the German and other /ˈlan(t)sknɛkt/ noun
continental armies in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Langoustine a type of lobster. /lɒŋgʊsti:n/ noun

Lantern lamp with transparent casing. /lantən/ noun
Lapidary relating to the engraving, cutting, or polishing of stones and gems. /ˈlapɪd(ə)ri/ adjective

Lapislazuli a bright blue metamorphic rock consisting largely of lazurite, used /ˌlapɪs ˈlazjʊlʌɪ/ noun
for decoration and in jewelry.
Lapse brief loss of concentration, memory or judgement. /laps/ noun
Largesse generosity in bestowing money or gifts upon others. /lɑːˈ(d)ʒɛs/ noun
Laudanum a morphine solution. /lɔ:d(ə)nəm/ noun
Launderette a place where you can wash and dry your clothes in machines that /lɔːndəˈrɛt / noun
you operate by putting in coins.
Laureate a person given an award for outstanding creative or intellectual /ˈlɒrɪət/ noun
achievement.
Legerdemain skillful use of one's hands when performing tricks. /ˌlɛdʒədɪˈmeɪn/ noun
Leonine of or resembling a lion or lions. /ˈliːənaɪn/ adjective
Leprechaun a small, mischievous sprite. /ˈlɛprəkɔːn/ noun
Leviathan a sea monster, identified in different passages with the whale and /lɪˈvʌɪəθ(ə)n/ noun
the crocodile, and with the devil.
Lexicography the practise of compiling dictionaries. /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒgrəfi/ noun
Liberally generously; in large amounts. /lɪb(ə)r(ə)lɪ/ adverb
Lissom (of somebody’s body) thin and attractive. /lɪs(ə)m/ adjective
Lithe flexible or supple. /lʌɪð/ adjective
Litotes ironical understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the /lʌɪˈtəʊtiːz/ noun
negative of its contrary.
Liturgical of or relating to public worship. /lɪ'tə:dʒɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Lixiviate separate (a substance) into soluble and insoluble constituents by /lɪkˈsɪvɪeɪt/ verb
the percolation of liquid.
Locality area or neighbourhood. /lə(ʊ)'kalɪti/ noun
Loch a lake or a narrow strip of sea almost surrounded by land. /lɒk/ noun
Loess a loosely compacted yellowish-grey deposit of wind-blown /ˈləʊɪs, ləːs/ noun
sediment.
Lopsided with one side lower than the other. /lɒp'sʌɪdɪd/ adjective
Loquacious talking a lot. /ləˈkweɪʃəs/ adjective
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 Lowing mooing of cows. /ləʊɪŋ/ noun
Lozenge a small medicinal tablet, originally diamond-shaped, for dissolving /ˈlɒzɪn(d)ʒ/ noun
in the mouth.
Lukewarm only moderately warm. /lu:kwɔ:m/ adjective
Lumbago pain in the lower back. /lʌm'beɪgəʊ/ noun

Lurch sudden unsteady movement. /lə:tʃ/ verb

Luxurious extremely comfortable or elegant, especially when involving great /lʌg'ʒʊərɪəs/ adjective
expense.
Macabre disturbing because concerned with or causing a fear of death. /məˈkɑːbr(ə)/ adjective

Macaque medium-sized monkey. /mə'kɑ:k/ noun

Mackerel a predatory marine fish, important as a food fish. /ˈmak(ə)r(ə)l/ noun
Macrocosm the whole of a complex structure, especially the world or the /ˈmakrə(ʊ)kɒz(ə)m/ noun
universe, contrasted with a small or representative part of it.

Maestro a distinguished conductor or performer of classical music. /ˈmʌɪstrəʊ/ noun

Magazine a periodical publication containing articles and illustrations. /magəˈziːn/ noun
Magnate wealthy and influential businessman. /magneɪt/ noun
Maisonette a set of rooms for living in, typically on two storeys of a larger /ˌmeɪzəˈnɛt/ noun
building and having a separate entrance.
Majlis the parliament of various North African and Middle Eastern /ˈmadʒlɪs / noun
countries, especially Iran.
Malabsorptio improper absorption of food and nutrients. /maləb'zɔ:pʃ(ə)n/ noun
n
Malapropism the misuse of similar sounding words, especially with humourous /maləprɒˌpɪz(ə)m/ noun
results.
Maleficent with intention of causing harm. /mə'lfɪs(ə)nt/ adjective
Malicious intending or intended to do harm. /məˈlɪʃəs/ adjective
Malinger pretend to be ill to escape work. /mə'lɪŋgə/ verb
Mammoth a large extinct elephant of the Pleistocene epoch, typically hairy and /ˈmaməθ/ noun
with long curved tusks.
Maniacal wild or violent, bordering on insane. /mə'nʌɪək(ə)l/ adjective
Manifesto a public declaration of policy and aims. /ˌmænɪˈfestəʊ / noun
Mannequin dummy for display of clothes in shop windows. /ˈmanɪkɪn/ noun
Mannerism habitual way of speaking or behaving. /manərɪz(ə)m/ noun
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 Mansuetude gentleness of manner. /ˈmanswɪtjuːd/ noun
Marasmus undernourishment causing a child's weight to be significantly low for /məˈrazməs/ noun
their age.
Marathon a long-distance running race, strictly one of 26 miles 385 yards. /ˈmarəθ(ə)n/ noun

Marcescent (of leaves or fronds) withering but remaining attached to the stem. /mɑːˈsɛs(ə)nt/ adjective

Marionette a puppet worked by strings. /ˌmarɪəˈnɛt/ noun

Marjoram a perennial herb commonly found in the Mediterranean. /ˈmɑːdʒ(ə)rəm/ noun
Marred to damage or spoil something good. /mɑ:d/ verb

Masonry the parts of a building that are made of stone. /meɪs(ə)nri/ noun
Masquerade a false show or pretence. /ˌmɑːskəˈreɪd / noun
Massacre an indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of people. /ˈmasəkə/ noun
Mastodon large, probascidean mammal species of the extinct genus Mammut. /ˈmastədɒn/ noun

Maturation the process of reaching the final full grown stage. /matjʊ'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Maudlin self-pityingly or tearfully sentimental. /ˈmɔːdlɪn/ adjective
Mausoleum a building, especially a large and stately one, housing a tomb or /ˌmɔːsəˈlɪəm / noun
tombs.
Mauve a pale purple colour. /məʊv/ noun
Mayhem violent or extreme disorder; chaos. /meɪhɛm/ noun
Meander a place where a road or river curves rather than being in a straight /mɪ'andə/ verb
line.
Measurement the act or the process of finding the size, quantity or degree of /ˈmeʒəmənt/ noun
something.
Meditation act of focusing one's mind to relax. /mɛdɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Mediterranea of or characteristic of the Mediterranean Sea, the countries /ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪnɪən/ adjective
n bordering it, or their inhabitants.
Meerschaum a soft white mineral, often used to make smoking pipes. /ˈmɪəʃɔːm, -ʃəm/ noun
Megalithic relating to or denoting prehistoric monuments made of or /mɛgəˈlɪθɪk/ adjective
containing large stones.
Megalomania a person who has an obsessive desire for power. /mɛɡələˈmeɪniak/ noun
c
Melancholia severe depression. /ˌmɛlənˈkəʊlɪə/ noun
Melange a varied mixture. /meɪˈlɒ̃ ʒ/ noun
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 Melee a confused crowd or scuffle. /ˈmɛleɪ/ noun
Memorabilia memorable events or things. /mɛm(ə)rə'bɪlɪə/ noun
Memorandu a written message in business or diplomacy. /mɛməʊrandɔːm/ noun
m
Memorise learnt by heart. /ˈmeməraɪz/ verb
Menacing a threat or danger. /ˈmenəsɪŋ/ adjective
Mephistophel very evil; like the Devil. /ˌmefɪstəˈfiːliən/ adjective
ian
Mercenary primarily concerned with making money at the expense of ethics. /ˈməːsɪn(ə)ri/ adjective

Meritorious deserving reward or praise. /mɛrɪ'tɔ:rɪəs/ adjective

Metaphorical when words imply a meaning different to the literal meaning. /mɛtə'fɒrɪkl/ adjective

Mete dispense or allot justice, a punishment, or harsh treatment. /mi:t/ verb

Meteorite a piece of rock or metal that has fallen to the earth as a meteor. /ˈmiːtɪərʌɪt/ noun

Methodology a system of methods used in a particular field. /mɛθəˈdɒlədʒi/ noun

Metropolis a very large and busy city. /mɪ'trɒp(ə)lɪs/ noun
Midget a very small person or thing. /mɪdʒɪt/ noun
Mien a person's appearance or manner that shows how they are feeling. /miːn/ noun

Migratory moves from one place to another. /mʌɪgrət(ə)ri/ adjective

Militia military force made up of civilians /mɪ'lɪʃə/ noun
Millennium a period of thousand years /mɪˈlɛnɪəm/ noun
Millionaire person whose assets are worth more than a million in currency /mɪljə'nɛ:/ noun

Mimicry imitating someone as a joke /mɪmɪkri/ noun

Miniature of a much smaller size than normal. /ˈmɪnɪtʃə/ adjective
Minnow a small or unimportant person or organisation. /ˈmɪnəʊ/ noun
Minuscule extremely small; tiny. /ˈmɪnəskjuːl/ adjective
Misandry dislike of, contempt for, or ingrained prejudice against men. /mɪ'sandri/ noun
Misanthrope a person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society. /ˈmɪz(ə)nθrəʊp / noun

Mischance bad luck /mɪs'tʃɑ:ns/ noun

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 Mischievous enjoying playing tricks and annoying people /mɪstʃɪvəs/ adjective
Miscreant person who behaves unlawfully /mɪskrɪənt/ noun
Miserable wretchedly unhappy or uncomfortable. /ˈmɪzrəbl / adjective
Mistletoe a leathery-leaved parasitic plant which grows on broadleaf trees /ˈmɪs(ə)ltəʊ/ noun
and bears white berries in winter.
Mnemonic helping you to remember something. /nɪˈmɒnɪk/ noun
Mocha a type of fine-quality coffee. /mɒkə/ noun
Mockery an absurd and ridiculous imitation. /mɒk(ə)ri/ noun
Monotonous (of a sound, activity, or process) not interesting because of lack of /məˈnɒtənəs / adjective
change or variety.
Monstrous ugly or frightening . /mɒnstrəs/ adjective
Monumental of great importance. /mɒnjʊ'mɛnt(ə)l/ adjective
Moratorium temporary prohibition of an activity . /mɒrə'tɔ:rɪəm/ noun
Mordacious denoting or using biting sarcasm or invective. /mɔ:'deɪʃəs/ adjective
Morose sullen and bad-tempered . /mə'rəʊs/ adjective
Mortgage convey (a property) to a creditor as security on a loan. /ˈmɔːgɪdʒ/ verb
Mortuary building where dead bodies are kept before burial. /mɔ:tjʊəri/ noun
Mosaic pattern produced by arranging together pieces of something. /məʊ'zeɪɪk/ noun

Mosquito a type of fly that bites. /mɒ'ski:təʊ/ noun

Motorcade a procession of motor vehicles . /məʊtəkeɪd/ noun
Moult shed old feathers or skin . /məʊlt/ verb

Mural painting executed directly on the wall. /mjʊər(ə)l/ noun

Muslin lightweight cotton cloth. /mʌzlɪn/ noun
Mutiny the act of refusing to obey the orders of somebody in authority, /ˈmjuːtəni/ noun
especially by soldiers or sailors.
Mutter to speak or say something in a quiet voice that is difficult to hear, /ˈmʌtə(r)/ verb
especially because you are annoyed about something.

Mysterious difficult or impossible to understand or explain. /mɪ'stɪərɪəs/ adjective

Naiad an aquatic plant with narrow leaves and minute flowers. /ˈnʌɪad/ noun
Narcissism excessive self-love; vanity. /ˈnɑːsɪsɪz(ə)m / noun
Narcotic a drug that causes drowsiness and relieves pain. /nɑ:'kɒtɪk/ noun
Narrate to tell a story. /nəˈreɪt/ verb
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 Nascent just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future /ˈnas(ə)nt / adjective
potential.
Nefarious wicked or criminal. /nɪˈfɛːrɪəs/ adjective
Negation denial of something. /nɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Neighbour a person living next door to or very near to another. /ˈneɪbə(r)/ noun
Neocolonialis the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control /ˌniːəʊkəˈləʊnɪəlɪz(ə) noun
m or influence other countries, especially former dependencies. m/

Neologism a newly coined word or expression. /nɪˈɒlədʒɪz(ə)m/ noun

Neural relating to a nerve or the nervous system. /ˈnjʊərəl/ adjective
Neutral not supporting either side in a conflict or dispute; impartial. /ˈnjuːtrəl / adjective
Nibble eat often in small amounts. /ˈnɪbl/ verb
Nicaragua the largest country in Central America. /ˌnɪkəˈragjʊə/ noun
Nightfall the time in the evening when it becomes dark. /ˈnaɪtfɔːl/ noun
Nightmare a frightening or unpleasant dream. /ˈnaɪtmeə(r)/ noun
Nihilism the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief /ˈnʌɪ(h)ɪlɪz(ə)m/ noun
that life is meaningless.
Nomenclature the selecting of names for things in a particular field. /ˈnəʊmənˌkleɪtʃə/ noun
Nonagenarian a person who is between 90 and 99 years old. /ˌnɒnədʒɪˈnɛːrɪən,/ noun
Nonchalance casually calm and relaxed. /nɒnʃ(ə)l(ə)ns/ noun
Nonsensical having no meaning; making no sense. /nɒnˈsɛnsɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Nostalgia a sentimental longing for the past, typically for a period or place /nɒˈstaldʒə/ noun
with happy personal associations.
Novelty a new or unfamiliar thing or experience. /ˈnɒvlti/ noun
Novice a person who is new to and inexperienced in a job or situation. /ˈnɒvɪs/ noun

Nuisance a person or thing causing inconvenience or annoyance. /ˈnjuːsns / noun

Nullity a thing of no importance or worth. /ˈnʌlɪti/ noun

Numismatics the study or collection of coins, banknotes, and medals. /ˌnjuːmɪzˈmatɪks/ noun
Nutrients substance that promotes growth and health. /nju:trɪənt/ noun
Nyctophobia extreme or irrational fear of the night or of darkness. /ˌnɪktə(ʊ)ˈfəʊbɪə/ noun
Obfuscate to make something less clear and more difficult to understand, /ˈɒbfʌskeɪt/ verb
usually deliberately.

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 Objectivity the fact of not being influenced by personal feelings or opinions but /ɒbdʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ noun
considering only facts.
Objurgate rebuke severely; scold. /ˈɒbdʒəgeɪt/ noun
Obligation the condition of being morally or legally bound to do something. /ɒblɪˈgeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Obloquy strong public condemnation. /ˈɒbləkwi/ noun

Obscurantism the practise of deliberately preventing the facts or full of details of /ˌɒbskjʊˈrantɪz(ə)m/ noun
something from becoming known.
Obscurity state of being undiscovered or unknown. /əb'skjʊərɪti/ noun
Obsecration earnest pleading or supplication. /ɒbsɪ'kreɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Obsequious obedient and attentive to a servile degree. /əb'si:kwɪəs/ adjective
Obstreperous noisy and difficult to control. /əbˈstrɛp(ə)rəs/ adjective
Occurrence the fact or frequency of something occurring. /əˈkʌrəns/ noun
Odeum building used for musical performances in ancient times. /əʊdɪəm/ noun
Odoriferous having an odor. /ˌəʊdəˈrɪf(ə)rəs/ adjective
Odyssey a long and eventful or adventurous journey or process. /ɒdɪsi/ noun
Offal internal organs of an animal. /ɒf(ə)l/ noun
Officialese language used in official documents that is thought by many /əfɪʃəˈliːz/ noun
people to be too complicated and difficult to understand.

Okra immature seed pods eaten as vegetable. /ɒkrə/ noun

Oleaginous covered in or containing a lot of oil or grease. /ˌəʊlɪˈadʒɪnəs/ adjective
Ombudsman an official appointed to investigate individuals'complaints against a /ˈɒmbʊdzmən/ noun
company or organisation, especially a public authority.

Omelette dish of fried beaten eggs . /ɒmlɪt/ noun

Ominous giving the impression that something bad will happen. /ɒmɪnəs/ adjective
Omnibus book containing several works by same person. /ɒmnɪbəs/ noun
Omnifarious comprising or relating to all sorts or varieties. /ɒmnɪ'fɛ:rɪəs/ adjective
Omphalos the centre or hub of something. /ˈɒmfəlɒs/ noun
Onomatopoei the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is /ˌɒnə(ʊ)matəˈpiːə/ noun
a named.
Opaline translucent type of glass. /əʊp(ə)lʌɪn/ noun
Opaque not able to be seen through; not transparent. /ə(ʊ)'peɪk/ adjectve
Operetta a short opera, usually on a light or humorous theme and having /ɒpəˈrɛtə/ noun
spoken dialogue.
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 Opportunity a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve /ɒpə'tju:nɪti/ noun
something
Optimism hopefulness and confidence about the future or the success of /ˈɒptɪmɪz(ə)m/ noun
something.
Opulence great wealth or luxuriousness. /ɒpjʊl(ə)ns/ noun
Orache a plant of the goosefoot family with leaves that are sometimes /ɒrətʃ/ noun
covered in a white mealy substance.
Orchestra a group of instrumentalists, especially one combining string, /ˈɔːkɪstrə/ noun
woodwind, brass, and percussion sections.
Orchestrate plan or coordinate the elements of (a situation) to produce a /ɔ:kɪstreɪt/ verb
desired effect, especially surreptitiously.
Ordinary not unusual or different in any way. /ɔ:dɪn(ə)ri/ adjective
Ordnance mounted guns; artillery. /ˈɔːdnəns/ noun
Outlaw make illegal. /aʊtlɔ:/ verb
Outlay an amount of money spent. /ˈaʊtleɪ/ noun
Outpouring something that streams out rapidly. /ˈaʊtpɔːrɪŋ/ noun
Outrageous shockingly bad or excessive. /aʊt'reɪdʒəs/ adjective
Outshine to be more impressive than somebody/something; to be better /ˌaʊtˈʃaɪn/ verb
than somebody/something.
Ovation a sustained show of appreciation, especially applause, from an /əʊˈveɪʃn/ noun
audience.
Overburden having excessive weight to carry; excessive hardship and worry. /əʊvə'bə:d(ə)n/ verb

Overt done or shown openly. /əʊˈvəːt/ adjective

Overture an orchestral piece at the beginning of an opera, play, etc. /əʊvətj(ʊ)ə/ noun
Ownership the act, state, or right of possessing something. /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/ noun
Pachyderm a very large mammal with thick skin, especially an elephant, /ˈpakɪdəːm/ noun
rhinoceros, or hippopotamus.
Palimpsest an ancient document from which some or all of the original text has /ˈpalɪm(p)sɛst/ noun
been removed and replaced by a new text.
Palindrome a word or sequence that reads the same backwards as forwards. /ˈpalɪndrəʊm/ noun

Palliasse a cloth bag filled with straw, used for sleeping on. /ˈpalɪas/ noun
Palooka an inferior or average prizefighter. /pə'lu:kə/ noun
Palpebral relating to, or located on or near the eyelids. /ˈpalpɪbr(ə)l/ adjective
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 Pamper to take care of somebody very well and make them feel as /pampə/ verb
comfortable as possible.
Pamphlet a small booklet or leaflet containing information or arguments /ˈpamflɪt/ noun
about a single subject.

Pandemoniu a situation in which there is a lot of noise, activity and confusion, /ˌpandɪˈməʊnɪəm/ noun
m especially because people are feeling angry or frightened.

Pappardelle pasta in the form of broad flat ribbons, usually served with a meat /papɑ:'dɛleɪ/ noun
sauce.
Parakeet a small parrot with predominantly green plumage and a long tail. /parəki:t/ noun

Paraphernalia a large number of objects or personal possessions, especially the /ˌparəfəˈneɪlɪə/ noun
equipment that you need for a particular activity.

Parliament the group of people who are elected to make and change the laws /pɑ:ləm(ə)nt/ noun
of a country.
Parochial having a narrow outlook. /pə'rəʊkɪəl/ adjective
Parse resolve into its component parts. /pɑ:z/ verb
Parsimony the fact of being extremely unwilling to spend money. /pɑ:sɪməni/ noun
Passementeri decorative trimming such as tassels, braid, and fringing, used on /pasm(ə)ntri/ noun
e furniture and clothing.
Passive accepting or allowing something without resistance. /pasɪv/ adjective
Pastiche a work of art, piece of writing, etc. that is created by deliberately /pa'sti:ʃ/ noun
copying the style of somebody/something else.

Pastorale a slow instrumental composition in compound time, usually with /pastə'rɑ:l/ noun
drone notes in the bass.
Paternal related through the father’s side of the family. /pə'tə:n(ə)l/ adjective
Patriarchy a system of society or government in which the father or eldest /peɪtrɪɑ:ki/ noun
male is head of the family and descent is reckoned through the
male line.
Pattern the regular way in which something happens or is done. /pat(ə)n/ noun
Peddler a person who goes from place to place selling small goods. /ˈpɛdlə/ noun
Peeve make (someone) rather annoyed; irritate. /pi:v/ verb
Pejorative expressing contempt or disapproval. /pɪˈdʒɒrətɪv/ adjective

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 Pelt hurl something at someone. /pɛlt/ verb
Perdition complete and utter ruin. /pɜːˈdɪʃn/ noun
Peregrination a journey, especially a long slow one. /ˌpɛrɪgrɪˈneɪʃən/ verb
Perennial lasting for a long time; enduring or continually recurring. /pəˈrɛnɪəl/ adjective
Perfection the action, process, or condition of perfecting or being perfect. /pəˈfekʃn/ noun

Perfervid intense and impassioned. /pəˈfəːvɪd/ adjective

Perfunctory carried out without real interest, feelings or efforts. /pə'fʌŋ(k)t(ə)ri/ adjective
Perpetrate carry out or commit (a harmful, illegal, or immoral action). /ˈpɜːpətreɪt/ verb

Perpetuate to make something such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue /pəˈpɛtʃʊeɪt / verb
for a long time.
Perseverance repeat or prolong an action, thought, or utterance after the /pə:sɪ'vɪər(ə)ns/ noun
stimulus that prompted it has ceased.
Persimmon an edible fruit resembling a large tomato, with very sweet flesh. /pəˈsɪmən/ noun

Pertinent relevant or applicable to a particular matter. /ˈpəːtɪnənt/ adjective

Petrify paralyse with fear. /ˈpetrɪfaɪ/ verb
Pew long benches in a church. /pju:/ noun
Pharisaical characteristics of a member of an ancient Jewish sect, distinguished /farɪ'seɪɪk(ə)l/ adjective
by strict observance of the traditional and written law.

Philately the collection and study of postage stamps. /fɪˈlat(ə)li/ noun

Philosophy the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and /fɪˈlɒsəfi/ noun
existence.
Photogenic (of a person) looking attractive in photographs. /fəʊtə(ʊ)'dʒɛnɪk/ adjective
Photograph picture made with a camera. /fəʊtəgrɑ:f/ noun
Photography the art, process or job of taking photographs or filming something. /fə'tɒgrəfi/ noun

Photosynthesi the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesise /ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)ˈsɪnθɪsɪs/ noun
s nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.
Picaresque denoting an episodic style of fiction dealing with the adventures of /ˌpɪkəˈrɛsk/ adjective
a rough and dishonest but appealing hero.
Picayune of little value or significance; petty. /pɪkə'ju:n/ adjective
Pigeonnier pigeon house; pigeon loft; dovecote. /piʒɔnje/ noun

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 Pinnacle a high pointed piece of rock. /pɪnək(ə)l/ noun
Pitfall a hidden or unsuspected danger or difficulty. /ˈpɪtfɔːl/ noun
Plaintiff a person who brings a case against another in a court of law. /pleɪntɪf/ noun
Platform the raised flat area beside the track at a train station where you get /platfɔ:m/ noun
on or off the train.
Plethora a super abundance. /plɛθ(ə)rə/ noun
Pompadour a woman’s hairstyle in which the hair is turned back off the /pɒmpədɔ:/ noun
forehead in a roll.
Pongee a soft unbleached type of Chinese fabric, originally made from /pʌnˈdʒiː, pɒn-/ noun
threads of raw silk and now also other fibres such as cotton.

Porpoise a small toothed whale with a low triangular dorsal fin and a blunt /pɔ:pəs/ noun
rounded snout.
Portfolio a large, thin, flat case for carrying drawings, maps, etc. /pɔːtˈfəʊlɪəʊ/ noun
Possession a thing that belongs to someone. /pə'zɛʃ(ə)n/ noun

Postage sending of letters and parcels by mail. /pəʊstɪdʒ/ noun

Posture the way in which a person holds their body. /ˈpɒstʃə(r)/ noun
Potpourri a mixture of dried petals and spices placed in a bowl to perfume a /pəʊˈpʊəri / noun
room.
Precipice high and very steep or approximately vertical cliff. /ˈprɛsɪpɪs/ noun
Precocious having developed certain abilities or inclinations at an earlier age /prɪˈkəʊʃəs/ adjective
than usual.
Predominanc having or exerting the greatest control or power. /prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/ noun
e
Preponderant important or large. /prɪ'pɒnd(ə)r(ə)nt/ adjective
Preponderate be greater in influence, number, or importance. /prɪˈpɒndəreɪt/ verb
Preposterous utterly ridiculous or absurd. /prɪˈpɒst(ə)rəs/ adjective
Pretty attractive without being very beautiful. /ˈprɪti/ adjective
Preview a viewing or display of something before it is acquired or becomes /ˈpriːvjuː/ noun
generally available.
Priceless so precious that its value cannot be determined. /ˈpraɪsləs / adjective
Privilege a special right granted to a particular person or group. /prɪvɪlɪdʒ/ noun
Privy sharing in the knowledge of (something secret or private). /ˈprɪvi/ adjective
Procrastinate delay or postpone action; put off doing something. /prə(ʊ)'krastɪneɪt/ verb

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 Prodigious remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree. /prə'dɪdʒəs/ adjective
Professor a university teacher of the highest rank. /prə'fɛsə/ noun
Prognosis a forecast of disease or ailment. /prɒg'nəʊsɪs/ noun
Programme to plan for something to happen, especially as part of a series of /prəʊgram/ noun
planned events.
Progress forward or onward movement towards a destination. /ˈprəʊɡres/ noun
Prominent important or famous. /ˈprɒmɪnənt/ adjective
Pronounce make the sound of (a word or part of a word). /prəˈnaʊns/ verb
Prosaic having or using the style or diction of prose as opposed to poetry; /prə(ʊ)'zeɪɪk/ adjective
lacking imaginativeness or originality.
Prospect the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring. /ˈprɒspekt/ noun
Protean tending or able to change frequently or easily. /prəʊtɪən/ adjective
Prototype the first design of something from which other forms are copied or /ˈprəʊtətaɪp/ noun
developed.
Provident making or indicative of timely preparation for the future. /ˈprɒvɪdənt / adjective
Proximity nearness in space, time, or relationship. /prɒk'sɪmɪti/ noun
Psalm a sacred song or hymn. /sɑːm/ noun
Psittacine relating to or denoting birds of the parrot family. /ˈsɪtəkʌɪn, -sʌɪn/ adjective
Psychedelic having intense, vivid colours or a swirling abstract pattern. /ˌsʌɪkəˈdɛlɪk, -ˈdiːlɪk/ adjective

Psychiatry the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of /sʌɪˈkʌɪətri/ noun
mental illness, emotional disturbance, and abnormal behaviour.

Pueblo a town or village in Spain, Latin America, or the south-western US, /ˈpwɛbləʊ/ noun
especially an American Indian settlement.
Pugnacious wanting to start an argument or fight, or expressing an argument or /pʌgˈneɪʃəs/ adjective
opinion very forcefully.
Punishment the action of punishing or the state of being punished. /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ noun
Purifier remove contaminants from; make pure. /ˈpjʊərɪfaɪə(r)/ noun
Quadragenari a person who is 40, but doesn't make a big deal out of it. /ˌkwɒdrədʒɪˈnɛːrɪən/ noun
an
Qualmish a feeling of doubt or unease, especially about one's conduct. /kwɑːmɪʃ/ noun

Quantify express or measure the quantity of. /ˈkwɒntɪfaɪ/ verb

Quartette a group of four people playing music or singing together. /kwɔːˈtɛt/ noun

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 Querulous complaining in a petulant or whining manner. /ˈkwɛrʊləs/ adjective
Queue a line or sequence of people or vehicles awaiting their turn to be /kjuː/ noun
attended to or to proceed.
Quintessentia representing the most perfect or typical example. /ˌkwɪntɪˈsɛnʃ(ə)l/ adjective
l
Racketeer a person engaging in fraudulent business dealings. /rakɪˈtɪə/ noun
Radical relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something. /ˈrædɪkl/ adjective

Radiosonde an instrument carried by balloon or other means into the /ˈreɪdɪəʊˌsɒnd/ noun
atmosphere and transmitting measurements by radio.
Rapporteur a person appointed by an organisation to report on its proceedings. /ˌrapɔːˈtəː/ noun

Rapscallion a mischievous person. /rapˈskalɪən/ noun

Raptor a bird of prey. /ˈraptə/ noun
Ravenous voraciously hungry. /ˈrav(ə)nəs/ adjective
Realm a country ruled by a king or queen. /rɛlm/ noun
Realpolitik politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological /reɪˈɑːlpɒlɪˌtiːk/ noun
considerations.
Reasonable fair, practical and sensible. /ri:z(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adjective
Reassess assess again, especially differently. /ˌriːəˈses/ verb
Rebarbative not attractive. /rɪˈbɑːbətɪv/ adjective
Recant renounce a former opinion or belief, especially one considered /rɪˈkant/ verb
heretical.
Recherché unusual and not easy to understand, chosen in order to impress /rəˈʃɛːʃeɪ/ adjective
people.

Reconcile to make people become friends again after an argument or a /ˈrekənsaɪl / verb
disagreement.
Recondition to repair a machine so that it is in good condition and works well. /ˌriːkənˈdɪʃn/ verb

Redoubtable (of a person) formidable, especially as an opponent. /rɪˈdaʊtəb(ə)l/ noun

Reflector a surface that reflects light. /rɪˈflektə(r)/ noun
Reformation the act of improving or changing somebody/something. /ˌrefəˈmeɪʃn/ noun
Reformulate to create or prepare something again. /ˌriːˈfɔːmjuleɪt/ verb
Refreshing pleasantly new or different. /rɪ'frɛʃɪŋ/ adjective

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 Refrigerate to make food, etc. cold in order to keep it fresh or preserve it. /rɪ'frɪdʒəreɪt/ verb

Refulgent shining very brightly. /rɪ'fʌldʒ(ə)nt/ adjective

Refurbish to make neat, clean, or complete, as by renovating, re-equipping, or /ri:'fə:bɪʃ/ verb
restoring.
Regalia the special clothes that are worn or objects that are carried at /rɪ'geɪlɪə/ noun
official ceremonies.
Regatta a sporting event consisting of a series of boat or yacht races. /rɪ'gatə/ noun

Region a large area of land, usually without exact limits or borders. /ˈriːdʒən/ noun
Regional relating to or characteristic of a region. /ˈriːdʒənl/ adjective
Regret to feel sorry about something you have done or about something /rɪˈɡret / verb
that you have not been able to do.
Rehabilitate restore (someone) to health or normal life by training. /riːhəˈbɪlɪteɪt/ adjective
Reindeer a deer with large branching antlers, native to the northern tundra /ˈreɪndɪə/ noun
and subarctic and domesticated in parts of Eurasia.
Reinvigorate to give new energy or strength to something/somebody. /riːɪnˈvɪgəreɪt/ verb
Rejuvenate make (someone or something) look or feel better, younger, or more /rɪ'dʒu:vəneɪt/ verb
vital.
Relative considered in relation or in proportion to something else. /ˈrelətɪv/ adjective
Reliable that can be trusted to do something well; that you can rely on. /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adjective

Reminiscence a spoken or written description of something that somebody /rɛmɪ'nɪs(ə)ns/ noun

remembers about their past life.
Renaissance the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical /rɪˈneɪs(ə)ns / noun
models in the 14th–16th centuries.
Rendition a performance or interpretation, especially of a dramatic role or /rɛn'dɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
piece of music.
Reoffend commit a further offence. /ri:ə'fɛnd/ verb
Repercussions an indirect result of an event or action. /riːpəˈkʌʃ(ə)n/ noun

Repertoire the body of pieces known or regularly performed by a performer or /rɛpətwɑ:/ noun
company.
Replenish restore to a former level or condition. /ɪˈplɛnɪʃ/ verb
Repulsive arousing intense distaste or disgust. /rɪˈpʌlsɪv/ adjective

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 Rescind to officially state that a law, contract, decision, etc. is no longer /rɪ'sɪnd/ verb
valid.
Reservoir a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply. /rɛzəvwɑ/ noun

Restaurant a place where you can buy and eat a meal. /ˈrestrɒnt/ noun
Resuscitate revive from unconsciousness. /rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt/ verb
Reticent not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily. /ˈrɛtɪs(ə)nt/ adjective
Rhododendro a shrub or small tree of the heather family. /ˌrəʊdəˈdɛndr(ə)n/ noun
n
Ricochet rebound off a surface. /ˈrɪkəʃeɪ, -ʃɛt/ verb
Rosacea a condition in which certain facial blood vessels enlarge, giving the /rəʊˈzeɪʃɪə/ noun
cheeks and nose a flushed appearance.
Rotunda a round building or room, especially one with a dome. /rə(ʊ)ˈtʌndə/ noun
Roundelay a short, simple song with a refrain. /raʊndəleɪ/ noun
Rudder a flat piece hinged vertically near the stern of a boat for steering. /ˈrʌdə/ noun

Rudiment the first principles of (a subject). /ru:dɪm(ə)nt/ noun

Ruination the action or fact of ruining or the state of being ruined. /ˌruːɪˈneɪʃn/ noun
Rumble make or move with a continuous deep, resonant sound. /ˈrʌmbl/ verb
Ruminate think deeply about something. /ˈruːmɪneɪt/ verb
Rumoured a currently circulating story or report of unverified or doubtful /ˈruːmə(r)/ noun
truth.
Rumple give a ruffled or dishevelled appearance to. /ˈrʌmpl / verb
Rustle make or move with a soft, muffled crackling sound like that caused /ˈrʌsl/ verb
by the movement of dry leaves.
Sabbatical a period of paid leave granted to a university teacher for study or /səˈbatɪk(ə)l/ noun
travel (traditionally one year for every seven years worked).

Saddle a seat with a raised ridge at the front and back, fastened on the /ˈsædl/ noun
back of a horse for riding.
Saintly very holy or virtuous. /ˈseɪntli / adjective
Salvation the state of being saved from the power of evil. /sælˈveɪʃn/ noun
Samaritan a charitable or helpful person. /səˈmarɪt(ə)n/ noun
Sanctimoniou making a show of being morally superior. /ˌsaŋ(k)tɪˈməʊnɪəs/ adjective
s
Sanguinary involving or causing much bloodshed. /ˈsangwɪn(ə)ri/ adjective
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 Sanitation the equipment and systems that keep places clean, especially by /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/ noun
removing human waste.
Sanity the state of having a normal healthy mind. /ˈsænəti/ noun
Sapphire a transparent precious stone, typically blue, which is a form of /ˈsafʌɪə/ noun
corundum.
Scandinavian relating to Scandinavia, its people, or their languages. /skandɪˈneɪvɪən/ adjective
Scenario a written outline of a film, novel, or play giving details of the plot /sɪˈnɑːrɪəʊ/ noun
and individual scenes.
Schedule a plan for carrying out a process or procedure, giving lists of /ˈʃɛdjuːl/ noun
intended events and times.
Schism a division between strongly opposed parties, caused by differences /ˈsɪz(ə)m / ˈskɪz(ə)m/ noun
in opinion or belief.
Scientific involving science; connected with science. /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adjective
Scintillating sparkling or shining brightly. /ˈsɪntɪleɪtɪŋ/ adjective
Scripture the sacred writings of Christianity contained in the Bible. /ˈskrɪptʃə/ noun
Scrounge seek to obtain (something) at the expense of others or by stealth. /skraʊn(d)ʒ/ verb

Scrupulous diligent, thorough, and attentive to details. /ˈskruːpjʊləs/ adjective

Scurrilous making false claims about someone with the intention of damaging /ˈskʌrɪləs/ adjective
their reputation.
Seasoning salt, herbs, or spices added to food to enhance the flavour. /ˈsiːzənɪŋ/ noun
Secrecy not known or seen or not meant to be known or seen by others. /ˈsiːkrəsi/ noun

Sedentary tending to spend much time seated. /ˈsɛd(ə)nt(ə)ri/ adjective

Seismicity the frequency of earthquakes in a given area. /sʌɪzˈmɪsɪti/ noun
Semblable a counterpart or equal. /ˈsɛmbləb(ə)l/ noun
Senile having the weaknesses or diseases of old age, especially a loss of /ˈsiːnʌɪl/ adjective
mental faculties.
Sequoia a redwood tree, especially the California redwood. /sə'kwoi-ə/ noun
Severance the state of being seperated or cut off. /sɛv(ə)r(ə)ns/ noun
Sheath a cover for the blade of a knife or sword. /ʃiːθ/ noun
Shrapnel small metal fragments thrown out by the explosion of a shell, /ˈʃrapn(ə)l/ noun
bomb,etc.
Sioux another term for the Dakota people of North America or their /su:/ noun
language.
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 Siren a device that makes a loud prolonged signal or warning sound. /ˈsʌɪr(ə)n/ noun

Skirmish an episode of irregular or unpremeditated fighting, especially /ˈskəːmɪʃ/ noun

between small or outlying parts of armies.
Smudge make or become blurred or smeared. /smʌdʒ/ verb

Solemn formal and dignified. /ˈsɒləm/ adjective

Soliloquy an act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud when by oneself. /səˈlɪləkwi/ noun
Somersault an acrobatic movement in which a person turns head over heels in /ˈsʌməsɒlt / noun
the air or on the ground and finishes on their feet.
Soprano the highest singing voice of a woman or a young boy. /səˈprɑːnəʊ/ noun
Spaghetti pasta made in solid strings, between macaroni and vermicelli in /spəˈgɛti/ noun
thickness.
Sphinx a figure of a creature having the head of a man or animal and the /sfɪŋks/ noun
body of a lion.
Spinach a vegetable with large dark green leaves that are cooked or eaten in /ˈspɪnɪdʒ/ noun
salads.
Splurge spend heavily; a sudden burst of extravagance. /spləːdʒ/ verb
Stalagmite a mound or tapering column rising from the floor of a cave, formed /ˈstaləgmʌɪt/ noun
of calcium salts deposited by dripping water.
Statuesque reminiscent of a statue in size, posture, or stillness. /ˌstatjʊˈɛsk, -tʃʊ-/ adjective
Statute a written law passed by a legislative body. /ˈstætʃuːt/ noun
Stealth cautious and surreptitious action or movement. /stelθ/ noun
Stout rather fat or heavily built. /staʊt/ adjective
Streak a long, thin mark of a different substance or colour from its /striːk/ noun
surroundings.
Structural relating to or forming part of a structure. /ˈstrʌktʃərəl / adjective
Stubborn determined not to change one's attitude or position. /ˈstʌbən/ adjective
Stymie to prevent somebody from doing something that they have planned /ˈstʌɪmi/ verb
or want to do.
Subservient prepared to obey others unquestioningly. /səbˈsəːvɪənt/ adjective
Subterfuge a secret, usually dishonest, way of behaving. /sʌbtəfju:dʒ/ noun
Suburb an area where people live that is outside the centre of a city. /ˈsʌbɜːb/ noun

Subvert undermine the power and authority of an established system or /səb'və:t/ verb
institution.
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 Succinct briefly and clearly expressed. /səkˈsɪŋ(k)t/ adjective
Succulent tender, juicy, and tasty. /ˈsʌkjʊl(ə)nt/ adjective
Suffrage the right to vote in political elections. /ˈsʌfrɪdʒ/ noun
Suggestion an idea or a plan that you mention for somebody else to think /sə'dʒɛstʃ(ə)n/ noun
about.
Supportive providing encouragement or emotional help. /səˈpɔːtɪv/ adjective
Supreme highest in authority or rank. /suːˈpriːm/ adjective
Surreptitious covert or clandestine. /ˌsʌrəpˈtɪʃəs/ adjective
Surrounding that is near or around something. /sə'raʊndɪŋ/ adjective
Surveillance close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal. /səˈveɪl(ə)ns / noun

Swerve abruptly diverge or cause to diverge from a straight course. /swəːv/ verb
Sycophant a person who praises important or powerful people too much and /ˈsɪkəfant/ noun
in a way that is not sincere, especially in order to get something
from them.
Syllogism deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is derived from two /ˈsɪləˌdʒɪz(ə)m/ noun
premises.
Synagogue the building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for /ˈsɪnəgɒg/ noun
religious worship and instruction.
Tableau a group of models or motionless figures representing a scene. /ˈtabləʊ/ noun

Talisman an object thought to have magic powers and to bring good luck. /ˈtalɪzmən/ noun

Tantrum an uncontrolled outburst of anger and frustration, typically in a /ˈtæntrəm/ noun

young child.
Temerity excessive confidence or boldness. /tɪˈmɛrɪti/ noun
Tenacious not readily relinquishing something; keeping a firm hold. /tɪˈneɪʃəs/ adjective
Therapeutic relating to the healing of disease. /θɛrə'pju:tɪk/ adjective
Thinner a substance that is added to paint, varnish, etc. to make it less thick. /ˈθɪnə(r)/ noun

Thrombosis the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel. /θrɒmˈbəʊsɪs/ noun
Timorous lacking in courage or confidence; nervous. /ˈtɪm(ə)rəs/ adjective
Tinnitus a sensation of noise can only be heard by the one affected. /ˈtɪnɪtəs/ noun
Toboggan a light, narrow vehicle, typically on runners, used for sliding /təˈbɒg(ə)n/ noun
downhill over snow or ice.

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 Tornado a mobile, destructive vortex of violently rotating winds having the /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ noun
appearance of a funnel-shaped cloud.
Transcontinen crossing or extending across a continent or continents. /ˌtranzkɒntɪˈnɛnt(ə)l/ adjective
tal
Translucent allowing light to pass through but not transparent. /transˈluːs(ə)nt / adjective
Treatise a written work dealing formally and systematically with a subject. /tri:tɪs/ noun

Treble multiplied or occurring three times. /ˈtrɛb(ə)l/ adjective

Trepidation great worry or fear about something unpleasant that may happen. /trɛpɪ'deɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Trounce defeat heavily in a contest. /traʊns/ verb

Typhoon a tropical storm in the region of the Indian or western Pacific /tʌɪˈfuːn/ noun
oceans.
Ululate howl or wail, typically to express grief. /ˈjuːljʊleɪt / verb
Unscrupulous without moral principles; not honest or fair. /ʌnˈskruːpjʊləs/ adjective
Vacant empty; not being used. /ˈveɪkənt/ adjective

Vague of uncertain or indefinite character or meaning. /veɪɡ/ adjective

Valiant showing courage or determination. /ˈvæliənt/ adjective
Validly actually supporting the intended point or claim. /ˈvælɪd/ adjective
Vandalism the crime of destroying or damaging something, especially public /ˈvand(ə)lɪz(ə)m/ noun
property, deliberately and for no good reason.
Velocipede an early form of bicycle propelled by working pedals on cranks /vɪˈlɒsɪpiːd/ noun
fitted to the front axle.
Vendetta a long and violent disagreement between two families or groups, in /vɛnˈdɛtə/ noun
which people are murdered in return for previous murders.

Vengeance the act of punishing or harming somebody in return for what they /ˈvɛn(d)ʒ(ə)ns/ noun
have done to you, your family or friends.
Verbatim in exactly the same words as were used originally. /vəːˈbeɪtɪm/ adverb &
adjective
Verbiage excessively lengthy or technical speech or writing. /ˈvəːbɪɪdʒ/ noun
Veritable genuine; actual (used to qualify a metaphor). /ˈverɪtəbl/ adjective
Verruca a wart that grows on the foot usually on the soul. /vəˈruːkə/ noun
Versatile able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or /ˈvɜːsətaɪl/ adjective
activities.

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 Vestibule an entrance hall. /ˈvɛstɪbjuːl/ noun
Veterinarian a peson specialised in animal health issues. /ˌvɛt(ə)rɪˈnɛːrɪən/ noun
Vexation make annoyed or worried. /vɛkˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ adjective
Vicissitude event that occurs by chance. /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd / noun
Vigilante a member of a self-appointed group of people who undertake law /ˌvɪdʒɪˈlanti/ noun
enforcement in their community without legal authority.

Vignette a small ornamental design in a book or carving, typically based on /viːˈnjɛt / noun
foliage.
Vitiate to spoil or reduce the effect of something. /ˈvɪʃɪeɪt/ verb
Vitriol extreme bitterness or malice. /ˈvɪtrɪəl/ noun
Vituperate blame or insult (someone) in strong or violent language. /vɪˈtjuːpəreɪt / verb
Voracious wanting or devouring great quantities of food. /vəˈreɪʃəs/ adjective
Wail a prolonged high-pitched cry of pain, grief, or anger. /weɪl/ noun
Waiver an act or instance of waiving a right or claim. /ˈweɪvə(r)/ noun
Wantonness deliberate and unprovoked. /ˈwɒntənnɛs/ adjective
Whimper make a series of low, feeble sounds expressive of fear, pain, or /ˈwɪmpə/ verb
discontent.
Whimsical acting or behaving in a capricious manner. /ˈwɪmzɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Winding a twisting movement or course. /ˈwʌɪndɪŋ/ noun
Winkle a small herbivorous shore-dwelling mollusc with a spiral shell. /ˈwɪŋkl/ noun

Witticism funny message. /ˈwɪtɪsɪz(ə)m/ noun

Wreak cause (a large amount of damage or harm). /riːk / verb
Wrench a sudden violent twist or pull. /rɛn(t)ʃ / noun
Wrestling take part in a fight that involves close grappling with one's /ˈrɛslɪŋ / noun
opponent, either as sport or in earnest.
Writ formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial /rɪt / noun
juridistiction.
Xenophobe a person who fears or hates foreigners. /zɛnəˈfəʊb / noun
Yolk the yellow internal part of a bird's egg, which is rich in protein and /jəʊk / noun
fat and nourishes the developing embryo.
Youthful young or seeming young. /ˈjuːθfl / adjective
Zabaglione an Italian dessert made of whipped egg yolks, sugar, and wine. /ˌzabaˈljəʊni / noun

Zeal great energy or enthusiasm for a cause or objective. /ziːl / noun

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 Zoology the scientific study of the behaviour, structure, physiology, /zəʊˈɒlədʒi / noun
classification, and distribution of animals.
Zoroastrianis a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by the /ˌzɒrəʊˈastrɪəˌnɪz(ə)m noun
m prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra) in the 6th century BC. /

SCHOOL ROUND
Word Meaning Phonetics Parts of
Speech
Abaft in or behind the stern (back end) of a ship. /əˈbɑːft/ adverb
Abase to act in a way that shows that you accept somebody's power over /əˈbeɪs/ verb
you.
Abate make or become less strong. /əˈbeɪt / verb
Abattoir a slaughterhouse. /ˈæbətwɑː(r)/ noun
Abbey the building or buildings occupied by a community of monks or /ˈabi / noun
nuns.
Abbreviation shortened form of a word. /əbri:vɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Abduct to take somebody away illegally, especially using force. /æbˈdʌkt/ verb
Abhor regard with disgust and hatred. /əbˈhɔː/ verb
Abide to dislike somebody/something so much that you hate having to be /əˈbaɪd/ verb
with or deal with them.
Abject something bad experienced to the maximum degree. /abdʒɛkt/ adjective
Ablation the removal of snow and ice from a glacier or iceberg by melting or /əˈbleɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
evaporation.

Ablaze burning fiercely. /əˈbleɪz / adjective

Abnegate renounce or reject (something desired or valuable). /ˈabnɪgeɪt / verb
Abode the place where someone lives. /əˈbəʊd/ noun
Abolish to put an end to. /ə'bɒlɪʃ/ verb
Aboriginal inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from /abəˈrɪdʒɪn(ə)l / adjective
before the arrival of colonists.
Abort to prematurely end. /ə'bɔ:t/ verb
Abrade scrape or wear away by friction or erosion. /əˈbreɪd / verb
Abroad in or to another country. /əˈbrɔːd/ adverb
Abrupt sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasant way. /əˈbrʌpt/ adjective

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 Abscond leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to escape from custody or /əbˈskɒnd/ verb
avoid arrest.
Absent not present in a place, at an occasion, or as part of something. /ˈæbsənt/ adjective

Absolute total and complete. /ˈæbsəluːt/ adjective

Absquatulate leave abruptly. /əbˈskwɒtjʊleɪt / verb
Abstinence the practise of not allowing yourself something, especially food, /ˈabstɪnəns / noun
moral, religious or health reasons.
Abstract theoretical rather than physical or concrete. /abstrakt/ adjective
Absurd completely ridiculous; not logical and sensible. /əbˈsəːd / adjective
Abundance a large quantity that is more than enough. /əˈbʌndəns/ noun
Abut share a boundary with. /ə'bʌt/ verb
Abyss a very deep wide space or hole that seems to have no bottom. /əˈbɪs / noun

Acacia a tree with yellow or white flowers. /əˈkeɪʃə / noun

Academy a school or college for special training. /əˈkædəmi / noun
Acanthus a plant which grows in warm regions, and which has shiny leaves with /əˈkanθəs / noun
sharp points.
Accede to agree to a request, proposal, etc. /əkˈsiːd / verb
Acclaim to praise or welcome somebody/something publicly. /əˈkleɪm/ verb
Acclimatise become accustomed to a new climate or new conditions; adjust. /əˈklʌɪmətʌɪz/ verb

Accompany to travel or go somewhere with somebody. /əˈkʌmpəni / verb

Accordion a musical instrument that you hold in both hands to produce /əˈkɔːdɪən / noun
sounds.
Accost to go up to somebody and speak to them, especially in a way that is /əˈkɒst/ verb
rude or threatening.
Accoutre to dress somebody in a particular type of clothing or give them a /əˈkuːtə(r) / verb
particular type of equipment, especially a noticeable or impressive
type.

Accrue (of a benefit or sum of money) be received by someone in regular /əˈkruː/ verb
or increasing amounts over time.
Accurate correct and true in every detail. /ˈakjʊrət / adjective
Accuse charge (someone) with an offence or crime. /əˈkjuːz/ verb
Accustomed familiar with something and accepting it as normal or usual. /ə'kʌstəmd/ adjective
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 Acetate a chemical made from acetic acid, used in making plastics, etc. /ˈasɪteɪt / noun

Acetone a clear liquid with a strong smell used for cleaning things, making /ˈasɪtəʊn / noun
paint thinner and producing various chemicals.
Achromatic free from colour. /ˌakrə(ʊ)ˈmatɪk / adjective
Acquaint to make somebody/yourself familiar with or aware of something. /əˈkweɪnt / verb

Acquiesce accept something reluctantly but without protest. /ˌakwɪˈɛs / verb

Acquittal an official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime. /əˈkwɪt(ə)l / noun

Acrid unpleasantly bitter or pungent. /ˈakrɪd / adjective

Acrimony angry bitter feelings or words. /ˈakrɪməni/ noun
Acronym an abbreviation composed by first letters that itself forms a word. /ˈakrənɪm/ noun

Acrophobia abnormal fear or dread of being at a great height. /akrəˈfəʊbɪə/ noun

Action the fact or process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim. /ˈakʃ(ə)n/ noun

Active always busy doing things, especially physical activities. /ˈaktɪv adjective
/
Actuate to make a machine or device start to work. /ˈaktʃʊeɪt verb
/
Acuity the ability to think, see or hear clearly. /əˈkjuːɪti noun
/
Acumen ability to make good judgements and quick decisions. /akjʊmən/ noun
Acute very serious or severe. /əˈkjuːt / adjective
Adapt to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or /əˈdapt / adjective
situation.
Addendum a section of extra information that is added to something, especially /əˈdɛndəm / noun
to a book.
Addle to make somebody unable to think clearly; to confuse somebody. /ˈad(ə)l / verb

Adduce to provide evidence, reasons, facts, etc. in order to explain /əˈdjuːs / verb
something or to show that something is true.
Adept good at doing something that is quite difficult. /əˈdɛpt / adjective
Adhere to stick firmly to something. /ədˈhɪə / verb
Adhesive a substance that you use to make things stick together. /əd'hi:sɪv/ adjective

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 Adhoc arranged or happening when necessary and not planned in /ad ˈhɒk / adjective
advance.
Adjacent next to something. /ə'dʒeɪs(ə)nt/ adjective
Adjourn to stop a meeting or an official process, especially a trial, for a period /əˈdʒəːn / verb
of time.
Adjudicate to make an official decision about who is right in a disagreement /əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt / verb
between two groups or organisations.
Adjure to ask or to order somebody to do something. /əˈdʒʊə(r)/ verb
Adjutant an army officer who does office work and helps other officers. /ˈadʒʊt(ə)nt / noun

Administer to manage and organise the affairs of a company, an organisation, a /ədˈmɪnɪstə / verb
country, etc.
Admiral the most senior commander of a fleet or navy. /ˈadm(ə)r(ə)l noun
/
Admittance the process or fact of entering or being allowed to enter a place or /ədˈmɪt(ə)ns / noun
institution.
Adore love and respect (someone) deeply. /əˈdɔː / verb
Adorn to make something/somebody look more attractive by decorating it /əˈdɔːn / verb
or them with something.
Adrenaline hormone secreted by the adrenal gland. /ə'drɛn(ə)lɪn/ noun
Adroit clever or skillful. /ə'drɔɪt/ adjective
Adulterate to make food or drink less pure by adding another substance to it. /əˈdʌltəreɪt / verb

Adumbrate to give a general idea or description of something without details. /ˈadʌmbreɪt / verb

Advent the coming of an important event, person, invention, etc. /ˈadv(ə)nt/ noun
Advert an advertisement. /ˈadvəːt / noun
Adytum the most sacred or reserved part of any place of worship. /ˈadɪtəm / noun
Aerodynamic having a shape that reduces drag force on the surface. /ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/ adjective
Aeronautics the study or practise of travel through air. /ɛ:rə'nɔ:tɪks/ noun
Aetiology the scientific study of the causes of disease. /ˌiːtɪˈɒlədʒi noun
/
Afferent conducting or conducted inwards or towards something (for nerves, /ˈaf(ə)r(ə)nt / adjective
the central nervous system, etc.)
Affiance to pledge by promise of marriage. /əˈfʌɪəns / verb

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 Affined closely related or connected. /əˈfʌɪnd / adjective
Afflatus a divine creative impulse or inspiration. /əˈfleɪtəs / noun
Afflict to affect somebody/something in an unpleasant or harmful way. /əˈflɪkt / verb

Affluence the state of having a great deal of money, wealth. /ˈaflʊəns / noun
Affright frighten (someone). /əˈfrʌɪt / verb

Affront a remark or an action that insults or offends somebody/something. /əˈfrʌnt / noun

Agenda a list of items to be discussed at a meeting. /əˈdʒɛndə / noun

Aggrandiseme the act of increasing power, wealth, status or reputation. /ə'grandʌɪzm(ə)nt/ noun
nt
Aghast filled with horror and surprise when you see or hear something. /əˈgɑːst / adjective

Agog excited and very interested to find out something. /əˈgɒg / adjective
Agoraphobia irrational fear of open public spaces. /ag(ə)rə'fəʊbɪə/ noun
Agrarian connected with farming and the use of land for farming. /əˈgrɛːrɪən / adjective
Agreement accordance or similarity in opinion or feeling. /əˈgriːm(ə)nt / noun
Agriculture the science or practise of farming, including cultivation of the soil /ˈagrɪkʌltʃə / noun
for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food,
wool, and other products.
Agronomy the science of soil management and the production of field crops. /əˈgrɒnəmi / noun

Alacrity great willingness or enthusiasm. /əˈlakrɪti / noun

Albatross a very large white bird with long wings that lives in the Pacific and /ˈalbətrɒs / noun
Southern Oceans.
Albino a person or an animal that is born with no colour ( pigment ) in the /alˈbiːnəʊ / noun
hair or skin, which are white, or in the eyes, which are pink.

Albumen white portion of an egg. /albjʊmɪn / noun

Alchemy a form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages which involved /ˈalkɪmi / noun
trying to discover how to change ordinary metals into gold.

Alexia a neurologic disorder marked by loss of the ability to understandwri /əˈlɛksɪə / noun
tten or printed language, usually resulting from a brain lesion ora co
ngenital defect.

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 Alliteration the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words that /əlɪtəˈreɪʃ(ə)n / noun
are close together, as in sing a song of sixpence.
Allocation an amount of money, space, etc. that is given to somebody for a /alə'keɪʃ(ə)n / noun
particular purpose.
Allottee a person to whom something is allotted, especially land or shares. /əlɒˈtiː / noun

Allowance the amount of something that is permitted. /əˈlaʊəns / noun

Allude to mention something in an indirect way. /əˈl(j)uːd / verb
Allure the quality of being attractive and exciting. /əˈljʊə / noun
Ally a country that has agreed to help and support another country, /ˈælaɪ/ noun
especially in case of a war.
Alms charitable donations to the poor. /ɑ:mz/ noun

Aloe sap-filled tropical plant . /aləʊ/ noun

Aloud audibly; not silently or in a whisper. /əˈlaʊd / adverb
Alphabetical according to the correct order of the letters of the alphabet. /alfəˈbɛtɪk(ə)l / adjective
Alteration change in state. /ɔ:ltə'reɪʃ(ə)n / noun
Altercation a noisy argument or disagreement. /ɒltəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n / noun
Altruistic the fact of caring about the needs and happiness of other people /altrʊˈɪstɪk / adjective
more than your own.
Amanuensis an assistant, especially one who writes or types for somebody. /əˌmanjʊˈɛnsɪs / noun

Ambergris wax-like solids used in perfume manufacture /ambəgrɪs/ noun

Amendment a minor change or addition designed to improve a text. /əˈmɛnoun(d)m(ə)nt / noun
Ample enough or more than enough. /ˈamp(ə)l / adjective
Amuse to make somebody laugh or smile. /əˈmjuːz / verb
Amyloid a starch-like protein which is deposited in the liver, kidneys, spleen, /amɪlɔɪd/ adjective
or other tissues in certain diseases.

Anacoluthic lack of grammatical sequence or coherence, especially in a / ˌanəkəˈluːθɒn / noun

sentence.
Analysis detailed examination of the elements or structure of something. /əˈnalɪsɪs/ noun

Analyst a person who conducts analysis. /ˈan(ə)lɪst/ noun

Anarchist a person who believes that laws and governments are not /ˈanəkɪst/ noun
necessary.
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 Ancestor a person in your family who lived a long time ago. /ˈænsestə(r)/ noun
Anchor a heavy metal object that is attached to a rope or chain and /ˈæŋkə(r)/ noun
dropped over the side of a ship or boat to keep it in one place.

Anguish severe pain, mental suffering or unhappiness. / ˈaŋgwɪʃ/ noun

Animadvert pass criticism or censure on; speak out against. /ˌanɪmədˈvəːt/ verb
Animosity a strong feeling of opposition, anger or hatred. / ˌanɪˈmɒsɪti / noun
Anneal to heat metal or glass and allow it to cool slowly, in order to make it / əˈniːl/ verb
stronger or softer.
Announce to tell people something officially, especially about a decision, /əˈnaʊns/ verb
plans, etc.
Annoy to make somebody slightly angry. / əˈnɔɪ/ verb
Annual happening or done once every year. / ˈanjʊəl / adjective
Annuity a fixed amount of money paid to somebody each year, usually for /əˈnjuːɪti / noun
the rest of their life.
Annular ring-shaped. /ˈanjʊlə/ adjective

Anodyne unlikely to cause disagreement or offend anyone; not expressing /ˈanədʌɪn / adjective
strong opinions.
Anomaly a thing, situation, etc. that is different from what is normal or /əˈnɒm(ə)li/ noun
expected.
Antenna either of a pair of long, thin sensory appendages on the heads of /anˈtɛnə/ noun
insects, crustaceans, and some other arthropods.
Antiquated old-fashioned, out-dated /antɪkweɪtɪd/ adjective
Antithesis a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or /an'tɪθəsɪs/ noun
something else.
Antrum a cavity in a body organ, especially a bone. /ˈantrəm / noun
Anxious feeling worried or nervous. /ˈaŋ(k)ʃəs / adjective
Aphonia loss of voice, especially due to an organic or functional / eɪˈfəʊnɪə/ noun
disturbance of the vocal organs.
Aplomb self-confidence or assurance, especially when in /ə'plɒm/ noun
a demanding situation.
Apnoea a condition in which somebody stops breathing temporarily while /apˈniːə/ noun
they are sleeping.
Appendix a section of reference material at the end of a book. /ə'pɛndɪks/ noun

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 Applique a type of needlework in which small pieces of cloth are sewn or /əˈpliːkeɪ/ noun
stuck in a pattern onto a larger piece.
Apportion share out or assign . /ə'pɔ:ʃ(ə)n/ verb
Approbation approval or agreement. /ˌaprəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Approximate fairly accurate but not totally precise. /əˈprɒksɪmət/ adjective
Apt suitable or appropriate in the circumstances. /æpt/ adjective
Apterous wingless, as some insects. /ˈapt(ə)rəs/ adjective
Aquatint a method of producing a picture using acid on a metal plate; a /ˈakwətɪnt/ noun
picture produced using this method.
Aqueduct a structure for carrying water, usually one built like a bridge across /ˈakwɪdʌkt/ noun
a valley or low ground.
Arachnophobi an extreme fear of spiders. /əˌraknəˈfəʊbɪə/ noun
a
Armada a large group of armed ships sailing together. /ɑːˈmɑːdə/ noun
Armageddon having little or no rain. /ˌɑːməˈgɛd(ə)n/ adjective
Aroma a pleasant, noticeable smell. /əˈrəʊmə/ noun
Arrange to plan or organise something in advance. /əˈreɪndʒ/ verb
Arsenic the chemical element of atomic number 33. /ˈɑːs(ə)nɪk/ noun
Artificial made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally. /ɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ adjective

Artistic connected with art or artists. /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ adjective

Arugula a salad vegetable. /ə'ru:gjʊlə/ noun

Asafoetida a soft, brown, lumpy gum resin having a bitter, acrid taste and an /ˌasəˈfiːtɪdə/ noun
obnoxious odour.
Aspersion attack on someone's reputation . /ə'spə:ʃ(ə)n/ noun
Asphalt dark pitch recovered from crude oil. /asfalt/ noun
Asphixiation death by suffocation . /əsˈfɪksɪeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Aspic clear jelly made from meat stock. /aspɪk/ noun
Assert to state clearly and firmly that something is true. /əˈsɜːt/ verb
Assertive possessing a forceful confident personality . /ə'sə:tɪv/ adjective
Assess to make a judgement about the nature or quality of /əˈses/ verb
somebody/something.
Assimilation integration or absorption into a whole. /ə'sɪmɪleɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

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 Association an official group of people who have joined together for a particular /əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
purpose.
Assortment a collection of different things or of different types of the same /ə'sɔ:tm(ə)nt/ noun
thing.
Astute having the ability to assess people or situations accurately . /ə'stju:t/ adjective
Attain to succeed in getting something, usually after a lot of effort. /ə'teɪn/ verb

Attentive listening or watching carefully and with interest. /ə'tɛntɪv/ adjective

Audible that can be heard clearly. /ɔ:dɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Autobiograph an account of a person’s life written by that person. /ɔːtəbʌɪˈɒgrəfi/ noun
y
Autochthono (of people who live in a particular place) whose ancestors all came /ɔːˈtɒkθənəs/ adjective
us from the same place.
Avalanche a mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside. /ˈavəlɑːnʃ/ noun

Aviator a pilot. /eɪvɪeɪtə/ noun

Avid keenly interested. /avɪd/ adjective
Avoirdupois the system of weights based on the pound. /ˌavwɑːdjʊˈpwɑː/ noun
Avow confess openly . /ə'vaʊ/ verb
Awe feeling of respect, wonder and amazement . /ɔ:/ noun
Axe heavy bladed tool for chopping wood. /aks/ noun
Axle rod or spindle passing through centre of the wheel. /aks(ə)l/ noun
Baboon large ground-dwelling social monkey. /bə'bu:n/ noun
Bacchanal very rowdy party . /bakən(ə)l/ noun
Backgammon a boardgame with two players and many pieces . /bakgamən/ noun
Bacteria the simplest and smallest forms of life. /bakˈtɪəriə/ noun
Baffled totally bewildered . /baf(ə)l/ adjective
Bagatelle a game played on a board with small balls that you try to hit into /ˌbagəˈtɛl/ noun
holes.

Baggage luggage. /ˈbagɪdʒ/ noun

Bailiff an official who keeps order in court, takes people to their seats, /ˈbeɪlɪf/ noun
watches prisoners, etc.
Bailiwick one's area of interest or operation. /beɪlɪwɪk/ noun

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 Balaclava woollen hat covering the head and face, with holes for eyes and /balə'klɑ:və/ noun
mouth.
Balance to put your body or something else into a position where it is /ˈbal(ə)ns/ verb
steady and does not fall.
Balderdash nonsense. /ˈbɔːldədaʃ/ noun
Ballast heavy substance placed inside a ship for balance . /baləst/ noun
Ballistics the science of projectiles and firearms . /bə'lɪstɪk/ noun
Balmy pleasantly warm . /bɑ:mi/ adjective
Balustrade railing for terrace or balcony. /balə'streɪd/ noun
Banality state of being unoriginal or common. /bə'nalɪti/ noun
Bandwidth the transmission capacity of a computer network. /bandwɪtθ/ noun
Bankruptcy legal state of being unable to pay one's debts. /baŋkrʌptsi/ noun
Bannock a round, flat loaf, typically unleavened, associated with Scotland /ˈbanək/ noun
and northern England.
Banquet a formal meal for a large number of people, usually for a special /ˈbaŋkwɪt/ noun
occasion.
Bantam a small breed of chicken . /bantəm/ noun
Baptism christian rite of purification and initiation into the faith. /baptɪz(ə)m/ noun
Bard a poet. /bɑ:d/ noun
Barge long flat-bottomed boat for carrying freight. /bɑ:dʒ/ noun
Barracks large building to house soldiers. /barəks/ noun
Barricade barrier erected to oppose movement. /,barɪ'keɪd/ noun
Barrister a lawyer who has the right to argue cases in the higher courts of /ˈbarɪstə/ noun
law.
Barter to exchange goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. /ˈbɑːtə/ verb
without using money.
Bascule a type of bridge with a section which can be raised and lowered /ˈbaskjuːl/ noun
using counterweights.
Base the lowest part of something, especially the part on which it rests /beɪs/ noun
or is supported.
Basically in the most important ways, without considering things that are less /ˈbeɪsɪk(ə)li/ adverb
important.
Basilica large oblong hall built in a Roman style used for churches. /bə'sɪlɪkə/ noun
Bassinet a cradle made of wicker . /,basɪ'nɛt/ noun

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 Bastinado punishment or torture in which the soles of the feet are beaten /ˌbastɪˈneɪdəʊ/ noun
with a stick.

Bastion a group of people or a system that protects a way of life or a belief /ˈbastɪən/ noun
when it seems that it may disappear.
Bawbee a coin of low value. /ˈbɔːbiː/ noun
Bawl to shout loudly, especially in an unpleasant or angry way. /bɔːl/ verb
Bayonet long blade fixed to the muzzle of a rifle . /beɪənɪt/ noun
Bedaubed to smear all over. /bɪˈdɔːb/ verb
Beelzebub a name for the devil. /bɪˈɛlzɪbʌb/ noun
Beget bring about or cause . /bɪ'gɛt/ verb
Beholden owing gratitude for service or favour . /bɪ'həʊld(ə)n/ verb
Belch expel air noisily from stomach, burp. /bɛltʃ/ verb
Beleaguer lay siege to. /bɪˈliːgə/ verb
Belittle dismiss as unimportant. /bɪ'lɪt(ə)l/ verb
Belligerent unfriendly and aggressive. /bəˈlɪdʒ(ə)r(ə)nt/ adjective
Bellow to shout in a loud deep voice, especially because you are angry. /ˈbeləʊ/ verb

Belvedere a small house or structure, sometimes with one side open, designed /ˈbɛlvɪdɪə/ noun
to give a beautiful view.
Bemused showing that you are confused and unable to think clearly. /bɪ'mju:z/ adjective
Benefit an advantage that something gives you; a helpful and useful effect /ˈbɛnɪfɪt/ noun
that something has.
Benevolent well-meaning and kindly . /bɪ'nɛv(ə)l(ə)nt/ adjective
Berate to criticise or speak angrily to somebody because you do not /bɪˈreɪt/ verb
approve of something they have done.
Bereave if somebody is bereaved, a relative or close friend has just died. /bɪˈriːv/ verb

Berserk very angry, often in a violent or uncontrolled way. /bəˈzəːk/ adjective

Beset surround or attack from all sides. /bɪ'sɛt/ verb
Betoken to be a sign of something. /bɪˈtəʊk(ə)n/ verb
Betting the act of risking money, etc. on the unknown result of an event. /ˈbɛtɪŋ/ noun

Beyond on the other side; further on. /bɪˈjɒnd/ adverb

Biennial happening once every two years. /bʌɪˈɛnɪəl/ adjective

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 Bifurcate (of roads, rivers, etc.) to divide into two separate parts. /bʌɪfəkeɪt/ verb
Bilge the area on the outer surface of a ship’s hull where the /bɪldʒ/ noun
bottom curves to meet the vertical sides.
Binoculars optical instrument to see into the distance. /bɪ'nɒkjʊləz/ noun
Bionic having electromechanical instead of living body parts. /bʌɪ'ɒnɪk/ adjective
Biosphere any space on earth or air occupied by living organisms. /bʌɪə(ʊ)sfɪə/ noun
Bipedal animal that walks on two feet . /bʌɪ'pi:d(ə)l/ adjective
Bistro small inexpensive restaurant . /bi:strəʊ/ noun

Bitumen black slippery liquid used in construction. /ˈbɪtʃəmən/ noun

Blame responsibility for doing something badly or wrongly; saying that /bleɪm/ noun
somebody is responsible for something.
Blameworthy deserving of blame . /ˈbleɪmwɜːði/ adjective
Blind not able to see. /blʌɪnd/ adjective
Blitz a sudden attack. /blɪts/ noun
Blitzkrieg an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift /ˈblɪtskriːg/ noun
victory.
Blunge to mix (clay or the like) with water, so as to form a liquid /blʌn(d)ʒ/ verb
suspension.
Board to get on a ship, train, plane, bus, etc. /bɔːd/ verb
Bombast words which sound important but have little meaning, used to /ˈbɒmbast/ noun
impress people.
Boost to make something increase, or become better or more successful. /buːst/ verb

Bougainvillea a tropical climbing plant with red, purple, white or pink flowers. /ˌbuːg(ə)nˈvɪlɪə/ noun

Boulevard a wide city street, often with trees on either side. /ˈbuːləvɑːd/ noun
Bourgeoisie middle class with materialist values. /bʊəʒwɑ:z/ adjective
Bovine relating to similar to cattle. /bəʊvʌɪn/ adjective
Bowdlerise to remove the parts of a book, play, etc. that you think are likely to /ˈbaʊdlərʌɪz/ verb
shock or offend people.
Boycott withdraw from social or commercial relation. /bɔɪkɒt/ verb
Braggart a person who brags, quarrels. /ˈbræɡət/ noun

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 Braille a system of printing for blind people in which the letters of the /breɪl/ noun
alphabet and the numbers are printed as raised dots that can be
read by touching them.
Brandish wave around in excitement . /brandɪʃ/ verb
Brawny physically strong . /brɔ:ni/ adjective
Brevet a former type of military commission conferred especially for /ˈbrɛvɪt/ noun
outstanding service, by which anofficer was promoted to a
higher rank without the corresponding pay.

Brevity concise exact use of words. /brɛvɪti/ noun

Bridge a structure that is built over a road, railway/railroad, river, etc. so /brɪdʒ/ noun
that people or vehicles can cross from one side to the other.

Bright full of light; shining strongly. /brʌɪt/ adjective

Brim the lip or rim of a cup, bowl or other vessel. /brɪm/ noun
Bristle react angrily or defensively . /brɪs(ə)l/ noun

Broach raise a sensitive topic for discussion. /brəʊtʃ/ verb

Brobdingnagi enormous; very large. /ˌbrɒbdɪŋˈnaɡɪən/ adjective
an
Broccoli cultivated vegetable with green florets . /brɒkəli/ noun
Brochure booklet containing pictures and information . /brəʊʃə/ noun
Brougham a type of carriage used in the past, which had a closed roof and four /ˈbruː(ə)m/ noun
wheels and was pulled by one horse.
Brouhaha a noisy and overexcited reaction or response to something. /bru:hɑ:hɑ:/ noun
Browse to look at a lot of things in a shop/store rather than looking for one /braʊz/ verb
particular thing.
Brush to clean, polish, or make smooth with a brush. /brʌʃ/ verb
Brusque using very few words and sounding rude. /bruːsk/ adjective
Bubble a ball of air or gas in a liquid, or a ball of air inside a solid substance /ˈbʌb(ə)l/ noun
such as glass.
Buccaneer a sailor who attacked ships at sea and stole from them. /ˌbʌkəˈnɪə/ noun
Buck the male of a particular animal, deer or moose. /bʌk/ noun
Bugaboo a thing that people are afraid of. /ˈbʌgəbuː/ noun
Bugle small brass trumpet. /bju:g(ə)l/ noun
Bullion gold or silver in large amounts or in the form of bars. /ˈbʊlj(ə)n/ noun
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 Bulwark a person or thing that protects or defends something. /ˈbʊlwək/ noun
Bursar a person whose job is to manage the financial affairs of a school or /ˈbəːsə/ noun
college.
Cabriolet an automobile resembling a coupe but with a folding top. /ˈkabrɪə(ʊ)leɪ/ noun
Cacao a tropical tree with seeds that are used to make chocolate /kəˈkeɪəʊ/ noun
and cocoa; the seeds from this tree.
Cadastral an official register showing details of ownership, boundaries, andval /kəˈdastr(ə)l/ adjective
ue of real property in a district, made for taxation purposes.

Caduceus symbol with two snakes coiled around a wand. /kə'dju:sɪəs/ noun
Cafeteria a self-service restaurant. /kafɪ'tɪərɪə/ noun
Caique a single-masted sailing vessel used on the eastern Mediterranean /kʌɪˈiːk/ noun
Sea, having a sprit mainsail, a square topsail, and two or more other
sails.
Cajole persuade someone to do something . /kə'dʒəʊl/ verb
Calabash a tropical tree that produces a large round fruit with very hard skin. /ˈkaləbaʃ/ noun

Calibre quality of character or level of ability. /kalɪbə/ noun

Camembert a type of soft French cheese with a strong flavour. /ˈkaməmbɛː/ noun
Campaign a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a /kamˈpeɪn/ noun
particular social, commercial or political aim.

Camphor white substance used to keep insects away. /kamfə/ noun

Canal artificial waterway allowing boats to pass. /kə'nal/ noun
Candidate a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job. /ˈkandɪdeɪt/ noun
Canine relating to or resembling a dog. /keɪnʌɪn/ adjective
Cannula thin tube inserted into body to inject food, medicine, etc. /kanjʊlə/ noun
Cantankerous bad-tempered and always complaining. /kanˈtaŋk(ə)rəs/ adjective
Capability the ability or qualities necessary to do something. /ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/ noun
Capacity the number of things or people that a container or space can hold. /kəˈpæsəti/ noun

Caper skip or dance about in a playful way. /keɪpə/ verb

Capitalise to sell possessions in order to change them into money. /ˈkapɪt(ə)lʌɪz/ verb
Capricorn the tenth sign of the zodiac, those who are born under it. /kaprɪkɔ:n/ noun
Captious tending to find faults . /kapʃəs/ adjective

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 Caramel a brown sugar syrup made by boiling sugar. /karəm(ə)l/ noun
Caravan vehicle equipped to be lived in . /karəvan/ noun
Carbuncle a large painful swelling under the skin. /ˈkɑːbʌŋk(ə)l/ noun
Carcinogen substance capable of causing cancer. /kɑ:'sɪnədʒ(ə)n/ noun
Cardamom the aromatic seeds of a plant of the ginger family, used as /kɑ:dəməm/ noun
a spice and also medicinally.
Career the period of time that you spend in your life working or doing a /kəˈrɪə(r) / noun
particular thing.
Caricature exaggeration of the features of a person for comic effect . /karɪkətjʊə/ noun
Carmine a bright red colour. /kɑ:mʌɪn/ adjective
Carnage killing of a large number of people . /kɑ:nɪdʒ/ noun
Carrel small cubicle with a desk in a library. /kar(ə)l/ noun
Cartilage flexible connective tissue . /kɑ:t(ɪ)lɪdʒ/ noun
Cassava starchy tuberous root used as food . /kə'sɑ:və/ noun
Castigate scold or blame severely . /kastɪgeɪt/ verb
Casuist a person who studies and resolves moral problems of judgment or /ˈkazjʊɪst/ noun
conduct arising in specific situations.
Cataclysm a sudden disaster or a violent event that causes change, for /ˈkatəˌklɪz(ə)m/ noun
example a flood or a war.
Categorise to put people or things into groups according to what type they are. /ˈkætəɡəraɪz/ verb

Category a group of people or things with particular features in common. / ˈkatɪg(ə)ri/ noun

Caterwaul to make the loud unpleasant noise that is typical of a cat. /ˈkatəwɔːl/ noun
Caul a membrane covering the head of a newborn. /kɔ:l/ noun
Caulk to fill the holes or cracks in something, especially a ship, with a /kɔːk/ verb
substance that keeps out water.

Cauterise to burn a wound, using a chemical or heat, in order to stop the loss /ˈkɔːtərʌɪz/ verb
of blood or to prevent infection.
Caveat a warning of specific conditions and limitations. /kavɪat/ noun
Cayenne a type of red pepper used in cooking to give a hot flavour to food. /keɪˈɛn/ noun

Celebration a special event that people organise in order to celebrate /sɛlɪˈbreɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
something.

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 Celery plant with juicy stalk used as food. /sɛləri/ noun
Cenotaph monument to a dead person. /sɛnətɑ:f/ noun
Centimetre a unit for measuring length. /ˈsentɪmiːtə(r)/ noun
Century a period of 100 years. /ˈsɛntʃʊri/ noun
Ceremony a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or /ˈsɛrɪməni/ noun
traditional actions.
Certificate an official document that may be used to prove that the facts it /səˈtɪfɪkət/ noun
states are true.
Chaperon a person who accompanies and looks after another person /ˈʃapərəʊn/ noun
or group of people.
Character all the qualities and features that make a person. /ˈkarəktə/ noun
Characteristic a typical feature or quality that something/somebody has. /karəktəˈrɪstɪk/ noun
Charade a situation in which people pretend that something is true when it /ʃəˈrɑːd/ noun
clearly is not.
Charitable generous in giving to those in need. /tʃarɪtəb(ə)l/ adjective
Charter description of an organisation's functions. /tʃɑ:tə/ noun
Chassis the base frame of a car, carriage, or other wheeled vehicle. /tʃæsi/ noun
Chateau a castle or large country house in France. /ˈʃatəʊ/ noun
Chauvinism excessive bias for one's own gender or group. /ʃəʊv(ɪ)nɪz(ə)m/ noun
Cheerful happy, and showing it by the way that you behave. /ˈtʃɪəfl/ adjective
Chemistry science of the properties and interactions of materials. /kɛmɪstri/ adjective
Chervil a type of edible fragrant herb. /tʃə:vɪl/ noun
Chevron v-shaped line or stripe indicating military rank. /ʃɛvrən/ noun
Chichi used to describe a style of decoration that contains too many /ˈʃiːʃiː/ adjective
details and lacks taste.
Chihuahua very small smooth-haired dog. /tʃɪ'wɑ:wə/ noun
Chocolate a hard brown sweet food made from cocoa beans, used in cooking /ˈtʃɒk(ə)lət/ noun
to add flavour to cakes, etc. or eaten as a sweet/candy.

Choose to decide which thing or person you want out of the ones that are /tʃuːz/ verb
available.
Chrysalis the form of an insect, especially a butterfly or moth, while it is /ˈkrɪs(ə)lɪs/ noun
changing into an adult inside a hard case.

Cicerone a person who conducts sightseers; guide. /ˌtʃɪtʃəˈrəʊni/ noun

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 Cinnamon spice made from the dried bark of certain trees /sɪnəmən/ noun
Cipher a secret way of writing, especially one in which a set of letters or /sʌɪfə/ noun
symbols is used to represent others.
Circinate denoting leaves or fronds that are rolled up with the tip in /ˈsəːsɪnət/ verb
the centre.
Cistern water storage tank . /sɪstən/ noun
Citadel fortress enclosing an entire city . /sɪtəd(ə)l/ noun
Citation reference from a book or author . /sʌɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Citizen a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country. /ˈsɪtɪz(ə)n/ noun

Civilisation advanced stage of human social development . /sɪvɪlʌɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Claim a statement that something is true although it has not been proved /kleɪm/ noun
and other people may not agree with or believe it.

Clamber climb or move in an awkward way. /klambə/ verb

Clarity state or quality of being clear /klarɪti/ noun
Clash a short fight between two groups of people. /klæʃ / noun
Claustrophobi an extreme fear of being in a small confined place; the unpleasant /ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbɪə/ noun
a feeling that a person gets in a situation which restricts them.

Clavichord an early type of musical instrument, like a piano with a very soft /ˈklavɪkɔːd/ noun
tone.
Cleanse to take away somebody's guilty feelings or sin. /klenz/ verb
Cleft split or divided into two. /klɛft/ noun
Clerical related to the routine work of an office clerk. /klɛrɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Clerk a person whose job is to keep the records or accounts in an office, /klɑːk/ noun
shop/store etcan office clerk.
Climb to go up something towards the top. /klʌɪm/ verb
Cloak a sleeveless outdoor overgarment that hangs loosely from the /kləʊk/ noun
shoulders.
Coax persuade someone gradually or gently to do something . /kəʊks/ verb
Coerce to force somebody to do something by using threats. /kəʊˈəːs/ verb
Cogent (Of an argument or case) clear, logical and convincing . /kəʊdʒ(ə)nt/ adjective
Collage art form combining various materials into one whole. /kɒlɑ:ʒ/ noun
Collapse to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart. /kəˈlæps/ verb

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 Colloquy a conversation. /ˈkɒləkwi/ noun
Collusive secret or illegal cooperation to cheat and deceive. /kə'l(j)u:sɪv / adjective
Colossus a person or thing that is extremely important or large in size. /kəˈlɒsəs/ noun

Comeuppance a punishment or fate someone deserves . /kʌm'ʌp(ə)ns/ adjective

Comfortable making you feel physically relaxed. /ˈkʌmf(ə)təb(ə)l/ adjective
Commander a person in authority in a military context. /kə'mɑ:ndə/ noun
Commiserate to show somebody sympathy when they are upset or disappointed /kəˈmɪzəreɪt/ verb
about something.
Commodore an officer of high rank in the navy. /ˈkɒmədɔː/ noun
Communicate to exchange information, news, ideas. /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ verb
Comparison the process of comparing two or more people or things. /kəmˈpærɪsn/ noun
Compatriot fellow citizen or national . /kəm'patrɪət/ noun
Competition the activity or condition of striving to gain or win something /kɒmpɪ'tɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
by defeating or establishing superiority over others.
Complaint a statement that somebody makes saying that they are not /kəm'pleɪnt/ noun
satisfied.
Complement a thing that contributes extra features to something else. /kɒmplɪm(ə)nt/ noun
Compose write or create (a work of art, especially music or poetry). /kəm'pəʊz/ verb
Compromise an agreement is reached by each side making concessions. /kɒmprəmʌɪz/ noun
Conamore music with tenderness. /ˌkɒn aˈmɔːreɪ/ adverb
Concatenate link (things) together in a chain or series. /kənˈkatɪneɪt/ verb
Concentrate to give all your attention to something and not think about anything /ˈkɒns(ə)ntreɪt/ verb
else.
Conception the process of forming an idea or a plan. /kənˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ noun
Conceptualise to form an idea of something in your mind. /kənˈsɛptjʊəlʌɪz/ verb
Concise giving only the information that is necessary and important, using /kənˈsaɪs/ adjective
few words.
Conditional subject to one or more conditions being met. /kən'dɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective
Conducive Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible. /kən'dju:sɪv/ adjective
Conduct organise and carry out. /kɒndʌkt/ verb
Confit meat cooked in its own fat. /kɒnfi/ noun
Connoisseur an expert on matters involving the judgement of beauty, quality or /ˌkɒnəˈsəː/ noun
skill in art, food or music.

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 Consecrate make or declare sacred . /kɒnsɪkreɪt/ verb
Consequence a result of something that has happened. /ˈkɒnsɪkw(ə)ns/ noun
Conservative opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you prefer /kənˈsəːvətɪv/ adjective
traditional styles and values.
Consistent always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, /kənˈsɪst(ə)nt/ adjective
standards.
Constitution the system of laws and basic principles that a state, a country or an /kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n/ noun
organisation is governed by.
Consume to use something, especially fuel, energy or time. /kən'sju:m/ verb
Contaminate make impure by exposure to something . /kən'tamɪneɪt/ verb

Continent one of the large land masses of the earth such as Europe, Asia or /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ noun
Africa.
Contretemps an unfortunate event or embarrassing disagreement with another /ˈkɒntrətɒ̃ / noun
person.
Contribution a sum of money that is given to a person or an organisation in order /kɒntrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n/ noun
to help pay for something.
Conundrum confusing and difficult problem or question. /kə'nʌndrəm/ noun
Conventional tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society /kənˈvɛnʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective
in general.
Convocation formal ceremony granting university degree and honours /kɒnvə'keɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Coop cage or pen for confining poultry. /ku:p/ noun
Cooperate help someone or work with them . /kəʊ'ɒpəreɪt/ verb
Copper a red-brown metal . /kɒpə/ noun
Copse a small group of trees. /kɒps/ noun
Coral hard stony substance forming underwater reefs. /kɒr(ə)l/ adjective
Cordial warm and friendly. /kɔ:dɪəl/ adjective
Coronary relating to arteries that are closest to the heart. /kɒr(ə)n(ə)ri/ adjective
Corporation a large business company . /kɔ:pə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Corpse a dead body, especially of a human. /kɔ:ps/ noun
Corrosive destructive to other elements or materials . /kə'rəʊsɪv/ adjective
Corrupt willing to act dishonestly for personal gain. /kə'rʌpt/ adjective
Cortex outer layer of an organ or structure. /kɔ:tɛks/ noun
Couchette a narrow bed on a train, that folds down from the wall. /kuːˈʃɛt/ noun

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 Cough to force out air suddenly and noisily through your throat, for /kɒf/ verb
example when you have a cold.
Cove small sheltered bay. /kəʊv/ noun
Cradle a small bed for a baby which can be pushed gently from side to /ˈkreɪdl/ noun
side.
Criticise to say that you disapprove of somebody/something; to say what /ˈkrɪtɪsʌɪz/ verb
you do not like or think is wrong about somebody/something.

Criticism the act of expressing disapproval of somebody/something and /ˈkrɪtɪsɪz(ə)m/ noun

opinions about their faults or bad qualities.
Croesus a very rich man. /ˈkriːsəs/ noun
Cryptosporidi an intestinal condition caused by infection with cryptosporidium, /ˌkrɪptə(ʊ)spərɪdɪˈəʊsɪ noun
osis causing diarrhoea and vomiting. s/
Dabble to move your hands, feet, etc. around in water. /ˈdab(ə)l/ verb
Daffodil a type of yellow flower. /dafədɪl/ noun
Daft silly, often in a way that is amusing. /dɑːft/ adjective
Dagger short knife with pointed edge /dagə/ noun

Daguerreotyp a photograph taken by an early photographic process employing an /dəˈgɛrətʌɪp/ noun

e iodine-sensitised silvered plate and mercury vapour.

Daikon a type of radish used in Japanese cooking . /dʌɪk(ə)n/ noun

Dame a title given to a woman as a special honour because of the work /deɪm/ noun
she has done.
Damnable bad or annoying. /ˈdamnəb(ə)l/ adjective
Damnation the state of being in hell; the act of sending somebody to hell. /damˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Damper a device for reducing vibration or oscillation. /ˈdampə/ noun

Dandle to play with a baby or young child by moving them up and down on /ˈdand(ə)l/ verb
your knee.
Dandruff very small pieces of dead skin, seen as a white dust in a person's /ˈdandrʌf/ noun
hair.
Dandy a man who cares a lot about his clothes and appearance. /ˈdandi/ noun
Dangle to hang or swing freely. /ˈdaŋg(ə)l/ verb
Dapper small with a neat appearance and nice clothes. /ˈdapə/ adjective
Dapple grey or white with darker round marks. /ˈdap(ə)l/ verb

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 Dastardly wicked and cruel. /dastədli/ adjective
Daub spread carelessly onto a surface. /dɔ:b/ verb
Daunt to make somebody feel nervous and less confident about doing /dɔːnt/ verb
something.
Dawdle to take a long time to do something or go somewhere. /ˈdɔːd(ə)l/ verb
Dawn the time of day when light first appears. /dɔːn/ verb
Daze in a confused state. /deɪz/ noun
Dazed unable to think or react properly. /deɪzd/ adjective
Dazzle (of a bright light) blind (a person or their eyes) temporarily. /ˈdaz(ə)l/ verb
Dazzled temporarily blinded. /daz(ə)d/ adjective
Deacon an appointed person in charge of a church . /di:k(ə)n/ noun
Deactivate to turn something off or make it inactive. /di:'aktɪveɪt/ verb
Deadlock a complete failure to reach agreement or settle an argument. /ˈdɛdlɒk/ noun

Deadly able to cause death. /dɛdli/ adjective

Dearth a lack of something; the fact of there not being enough of /dəːθ/ noun
something.
Deathless never dying or forgotten. /ˈdɛθləs/ adjective
Deathly like a dead person; suggesting death. /ˈdɛθli/ adjective
Deathtrap a building, vehicle, etc. that is dangerous and could cause /ˈdɛθtrap/ adjective
somebody's death.

Debacle an event or a situation that is a complete failure and causes /deɪˈbɑːk(ə)l/ noun
embarrassment.
Debar to officially prevent somebody from doing something, joining /dɪˈbɑː/ verb
something, etc.
Debate an exchange of opposing view in a discussion. /dɪ'beɪt/ noun
Debenture an official document that is given by a company, showing it has /dɪˈbɛntʃə/ noun
borrowed money from a person and stating the interest payments
that it will make to them.
Debilitate to make somebody's body or mind weaker. /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/ verb
Debilitating made very weak and infirm. /dɪ'bɪlɪteɪtɪŋ/ adjective
Debit payment made or owed. /dɛbɪt/ noun
Debonair confident stylish and charming . /dɛbə'nɛ:/ adjective
Debridement removal of damaged tissue and dirt from wound. /dɪ'bri:dm(ə)nt/ noun

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 Debt a sum of money that somebody owes. /dɛt/ noun
Debunk expose the falseness of. /di:'bʌŋk/ verb
Debutante a young woman making her first appearance in society . /dɛbjʊtɑ:nt/ noun
Decadence behaviour, attitudes, etc. which show a fall in standards, especially /ˈdɛkəd(ə)ns/ noun
moral ones, and an interest in pleasure and enjoyment rather than
more serious things.
Decahedron solid figure with ten sides or planes. /dɛkə'hi:dr(ə)n/ noun
Decamp depart suddenly and secretly /dɪ'kamp/ verb
Decapitate to cut off somebody's head. /dɪˈkapɪteɪt/ verb
Decasyllable a line of poetry with ten syllables. /ˈdɛkəˌsɪləb(ə)l/ noun
Decedent legal term for a dead person. /dɪ'si:d(ə)nt/ noun
Deceitful deliberately causing others to believe something false. /dɪ'si:tfʊl/ adjective
Decency honest, polite behaviour that follows accepted moral standards and /ˈdiːs(ə)nsi/ noun
shows respect for others.
Decibel a unit for measuring how loud a sound is. /ˈdɛsɪbɛl/ noun
Decline a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc. of /dɪˈklaɪn/ noun
something.
Defeasance a condition on the performance of which a deed or other /dɪˈfiːz(ə)ns/ noun
instrument is defeated or rendered void.
Defensible able to be supported by reasons or arguments that show that it is /dɪˈfɛnsɪb(ə)l/ adjective
right or should be allowed.
Deficient not having enough of something, especially something that is /dɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/ adjective
essential.
Dehisce to burst open, as capsules of plants; gape. /dɪˈhɪs/ verb
Delicatessen a shop/store or part of one that sells cooked meats and cheeses, /ˌdɛlɪkəˈtɛs(ə)n/ noun
and special or unusual foods that come from other countries.

Delighted very pleased. /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adjective

Deltoid a thick triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and used for /dɛltɔɪd/ noun
raising the arm away from the body.
Demiurge a being that is responsible for creating the world. /ˈdiːmɪəːdʒ, ˈdɛm-/ noun
Democracy a form of government where people have the power to choose. /dɪ'mɒkrəsi/ noun

Demonstrate to show something clearly by giving proof or evidence. /ˈdemənstreɪt/ verb

Denizen inhabitant or occupant. /dɛnɪz(ə)n/ noun
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 Dense containing a lot of people, things, plants, etc. with little space /dens/ adjective
between them.
Dentine hard dense bony part of the tooth. /dɛnti:n/ noun
Depict represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form. /dɪ'pɪkt/ verb
Depreciate diminish in value. /dɪ'pri:ʃɪeɪt/ verb
Depressing making you feel very sad and without enthusiasm. /dɪˈpresɪŋ/ adjective
Deprive prevent a person from having something. /dɪ'prʌɪv/ verb
Depth distance from top to bottom. /dɛpθ/ noun
Derail divert from intended course. /dɪ'reɪl/ verb
Desert waterless land with no trees. /dɪ'zə:t/ noun
Desist stop doing something . /dɪ'zɪst/ verb
Desperate having a great need or desire for something. /dɛsp(ə)rət/ adjective
Despise to dislike and have no respect for somebody/something. /dɪ'spʌɪz/ verb
Deter prevent something from happening. /dɪ'tə:/ verb
Detest dislike intensely. /dɪ'tɛst/ verb
Detrimental tending to cause harm . /dɛtrɪ'mɛnt(ə)l/ adjective
Deviation act of moving away from a certain course or path. /di:vɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Device a thing made for a particular purpose. /dɪ'vʌɪs/ noun
Diaphragm dome shaped layer of muscles separating chest and abdomen. /dʌɪəfram/ noun

Diarrhoea condition in which digestive process is affected. /dʌɪə'rɪə/ noun

Diaspora people who have moved away from their homeland. /dʌɪ'asp(ə)rə/ noun
Dilettante a person who is or seems to be interested in a subject, but whose /ˌdɪləˈtænti/ Verb
understanding of it is not very deep.
Dinghy small boat. /dɪŋgi/ noun
Ditty short simple song /dɪti/ noun
Divine related to God or religion. /dɪ'vʌɪn/ adjective
Division to make separate parts from a whole. /dɪ'vɪʒ(ə)n/ noun
Domain area owned or controlled by someone. /də(ʊ)'meɪn/ noun
Doom a terrible fate. /du:m/ noun
Draft an initial piece of writing . /drɑ:ft/ verb

Dramatic (of a change, an event, etc.) sudden, very great and often /drə'matɪk/ adjective
surprising.

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 Dreary dull, bleak and depressing. /drɪəri/ adjective
Drivel nonsense. /drɪv(ə)l/ noun
Earl a British nobleman ranking above a viscount and below a marquess. /əːl/ noun

Early near the beginning of a period of time, an event etc. /ˈəːli/ adjective
Earn obtain money in return for work . /ə:n/ verb
Earner a person who earns money for a job that they do. /ˈəːnə/ noun
Earnest very serious and sincere. /ˈəːnɪst/ adjective
Earth the hard surface of the world that is not the sea or the sky; the /ə:θ/ noun
ground.
Earthen made of baked clay. /ˈəːθ(ə)n/ adjective
Earthly connected with life on earth and not with any spiritual life. /ˈəːθli/ adjective
Earthquake a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface. /ˈəːθkweɪk/ noun
Ease the state of feeling relaxed or comfortable without worries, problems /iːz/ noun
or pain.
Easel a wooden frame to hold a picture while it is being painted. /ˈiːz(ə)l/ noun
Eaves the part of a roof that meets or overhangs the walls of a building. /iːvz/ noun

Ebb the movement of the tide out to sea. /ɛb/ noun

Ebony heavy black or dark brown colour . /ɛb(ə)ni/ adjective
Eccentric unconventional and slightly strange. /ɪk'sɛntrɪk/ adjective
Echelon a level or rank of an organisation. /ɛʃəlɒn/ noun
Echo repetition of a sound by the reflection of sound wave. /ˈekəʊ/ noun
Eclat social distinction or conspicuous success. /eɪˈklɑː/ noun
Eclipse an occasion when the earth passes between the moon and the sun /ɪˈklɪps/ noun
so that you cannot see all or part of the moon for a time.

Economical providing good service or value in relation to the amount of time or /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ adjective
money spent.
Economics the study of how a society organises its money, trade and industry. /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ noun

Economise to use less money, time, etc. than you normally use. /ɪˈkɒnəmʌɪz/ verb
Ectoplasm the outer layer of the jelly-like substance inside cells. /ˈektəʊplæzəm/ noun

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 Eczema a medical condition in which patches of skin become rough and /ˈɛkzɪmə/ noun
inflamed with blisters which cause itching and bleeding.

Edelweiss a mountain plant which has woolly white bracts around its small /ˈeɪd(ə)lvʌɪs/ noun
flowers and downy grey-green leaves.

Edge the outside limit of an object, a surface or an area. /edʒ/ noun

Edible fit to be eaten. /ˈɛdɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Edict an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority. /i:dɪkt/ noun

Edification the improvement of somebody's mind or character. /ˌedɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ noun

Edifice a large impressive building. /ˈɛdɪfɪs/ noun
Edition the form in which a book is published. /ɪˈdɪʃn/ noun
Education process of learning social, intellectual and moral instruction. /ɛdjʊ'keɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Educe to draw out. /ɪˈdjuːs/ verb

Eel a snake-like fish with a slender elongated body and poorly /iːl/ noun
developed fins, proverbial for its slipperiness.
Eerie strange and frightening. /ˈɪəri/ adjective
Efface to destroy the surface of something. /ɪˈfeɪs/ verb
Effective producing a desired or intended result . /ɪ'fɛktɪv/ adjective
Effigy a model of a person that makes them look ugly. /ˈɛfɪdʒi/ noun
Effluent liquid waste, especially chemicals produced by factories, or sewage. /ˈɛflʊənt/ noun

Effusion something, especially a liquid, that flows out of /ɪˈfjuːʒ(ə)n/ noun

somebody/something.
Effusive showing much or too much emotion. /ɪˈfjuːsɪv/ adjective
Egalitarian based on, or holding, the belief that everyone is equal and should /ɪˌgalɪˈtɛːrɪən/ adjective
have the same rights and opportunities.
Egocentric thinking only about yourself and not about what other people need /ˌɛgə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrɪk/ adjective
or want.
Einsteinium a chemical element. /ʌɪnˈstʌɪnɪəm/ noun
Elaborate carefully prepared and organised. /ɪˈlab(ə)rət/ adjective
Eliminate to remove or get rid of something/somebody. /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ verb
Eloquence fluent or persuasive writing or speaking /ɛləkwəns/ noun

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 Elucidation to make something clearer by explaining it more fully. /ɪˌl(j)uːsɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Elusive difficult to find, define, or achieve. /iˈluːsɪv/ adjective
Emaciated abnormally thin and weak. /ɪ'meɪsɪeɪtɪd/ adjective
Emanate to give out or spread from a source. /ɛməneɪt/ verb
Emblem a design or picture that represents a country or an organisation. /ˈembləm/ noun

Embrace to accept an idea, a proposal, a set of beliefs, etc, especially when it /ɪmˈbreɪs/ verb
is done with enthusiasm.
Embrasure an opening in a wall or parapet. /ɪm'breɪʒə/ noun
Emollient having a soothing and calming effect. /ɪ'mɒlɪənt/ noun

Emphysema a condition that affects the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. /ˌɛmfɪˈsiːmə/ noun

Empirical can be verified by observation, experience, or experiment. /ɛm'pɪrɪk(ə)l/ adjective

Enrol officially register as member or student. /ɪn'rəʊl/ verb
Enthral capture the fascinated attention of . /ɪn'θrɔ:l/ verb
Entourage group of people surrounding and following an important person. /ɒntʊrɑ:ʒ/ noun

Entrance the act of entering. /ɛntr(ə)ns/ noun

Entreat ask someone earnestly and anxiously to do something. /ɪn'tri:t/ verb
Entrenched establish so firmly that it is difficult to change. /ɪn'trɛn(t)ʃt/ adjective
Environment the surroundings in which one exists or lives. /ɪn'vʌɪrənm(ə)nt/ noun
Epic extremely long and demanding task. /ɛpɪk/ adjective
Equality state of being equal. /ɪ'kwɒlɪti/ noun
Equator line dividing the earth into northern and southern hemispheres. /ɪ'kweɪtə/ noun

Equity the value of shares issued by a company. /ɛkwɪti/ noun

Erratic not even or regular in pattern. /ɪ'ratɪk/ adjective
Eulogy speech that praises someone highly especially after their death. /ju:lədʒi/ noun

Euphemism an indirect way of referring to something unpleasant. /ju:fəmɪz(ə)m/ adjective

Euphonious pleasant to listen to. /ju:'fəʊnɪəs/ adjective
Euthanasia painless killing of a terminal patient. /,ju:θə'neɪzɪə/ noun
Evanescence the tendency to disappear quickly from sight or memory. /i:və'nɛs(ə)nt/ noun
Evasive directed towards avoidance or escape. /ɪ'veɪsɪv/ adjective
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 Exalted of high rank, position or great importance. /ɪg'zɔ:ltɪd/ adjective
Examinee one sitting for examinations . /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈniː/ Noun
Exhilaration a feeling of being very happy and excited. /ɪgzɪlə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Expansive covering a wide area. /ɪk'spansɪv/ adjective
Expedite cause to be accomplished more quickly . /ɛkspɪdʌɪt/ verb
Expertise great skill or knowledge in a particular field. /ɛkspə:'ti:z/ noun
Explanation reason or justification for an action or belief. /ɛksplə'neɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Fable short story with animal characters and a moral. /feɪb(ə)l/ noun
Fabricate to invent false information in order to trick people. /ˈfabrɪkeɪt/ verb
Fabulous extremely good. /ˈfabjʊləs/ adjective
Facility buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a /fəˈsɪlɪti/ noun
particular purpose.
Facsimile exact copy of written material. /fak'sɪmɪli/ noun
Faction opposition, disagreement, etc. that exists between small groups of /ˈfakʃ(ə)n/ noun
people within an organisation or political party.

Faculty a department or group of related departments in a college or /ˈfak(ə)lti/ noun

university.
Fad an arbitrary like or dislike. /fad/ noun
Fahrenheit of or using a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32° and /ˈfærənhaɪt/ noun
boils at 212°.
Failure lack of success. /feɪljə/ noun
Faithless not loyal; that you cannot rely on or trust. /ˈfeɪθlɪs/ adjective
Fake not genuine; appearing to be something it is not. /feɪk/ noun
Falcon a bird of prey with long pointed wings. /ˈfɒlk(ə)n/ noun
Fallow not used for growing crops, especially so that the quality of the land /ˈfaləʊ/ adjective
will improve.
Falsify to change a written record or information so that it is no longer /ˈfɔːlsɪfaɪ/ verb
true.
Falsity the state of not being true or genuine. /ˈfɔːlsəti/ noun
Familial related to or occuring in a family. /fə'mɪljəl/ adjective
Familiar well known to you; often seen or heard and therefore easy to /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ adjective
recognise.
Famine a lack of food during a long period of time in a region. /ˈfamɪn/ noun
Famish reduced to extreme hunger. /famɪʃ/ verb

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 Fanatic a person who is extremely enthusiastic about something. /fəˈnatɪk/ noun
Fanaticism extreme beliefs or behaviour, especially in connection with religion /fəˈnatɪsɪz(ə)m/ noun
or politics.
Fanciful based on imagination and not facts or reason. /ˈfænsɪfl/ adjective
Farcical absurd or ridiculous. /fɑ:sɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Farrago a confused mixture of different things. /fəˈrɑːgəʊ/ noun
Fascist authoritarian, right-wing, nationalist system of government. /faʃɪst/ noun

Fashionable influenced by current popular trend or style. /faʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adjective

Fastidious very attentive to accuracy or detail. /fa'stɪdɪəs/ adjective
Fatal causing or ending in death . /ˈfeɪtl/ adjective
Fathomless impossible to measure the depth of; bottomless. /ˈfað(ə)mləs/ adjective
Fatigue extreme tiredness. /fə'ti:g/ noun
Fault unattractive or unsatisfactory feature. /fɒlt/ noun
Fawn show excessive devotion to someone. /fɔ:n/ verb
Feasible possible to do easily or conveniently. /fi:zɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Febrile having or showing symptoms of a fever. /fi:brʌɪl/ adjective
Fecund able to produce a lot of children, crops, etc. /ˈfiːkənd/ adjective
Feint a deceptive or pretended move or blow. /feɪnt/ verb
Felicity complete happiness. /fɪ'lɪsɪti/ noun
Ferocious savage, cruel or violent. /fə'rəʊʃəs/ adjective

Ferret to investigate and find out. /fɛrɪt/ verb

Ferrous containing or consisting of iron. /fɛrəs/ adjective
Fervent intensely passionate. /fə:v(ə)nt/ adjective
Fickle changeable in terms of loyalty or decisions. /fɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Fiord a long narrow inlet of the sea between high steep /fjɔːd/ noun
cliffs formed by glacial action.
Fissiparous inclined to cause or undergo division into separate parts or groups. /fɪˈsɪp(ə)rəs/ adjective

Fist a hand with the fingers closed tightly together. /fɪst/ noun
Flabbergasted surprise greatly. /ˈflabəgɑːst/ adjective
Flame a hot bright stream of burning gas that comes from something that /fleɪm/ noun
is on fire.
Flint a hard grey rock. /flɪnt/ noun
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 Flourish grow or develop well. /flʌrɪʃ/ verb
Flush to become red, especially because you are embarrassed, angry or /flʌʃ/ verb
hot.
Folk one's family or relatives. /fəʊk/ noun
Fondant a thick paste of sugar and water used in sweets. /fɒnd(ə)nt/ noun
Forbearance the quality of being patient and sympathetic towards other people, /fɔːˈbɛːr(ə)ns/ noun
especially when they have done something wrong.
Foreign from another country or language than one's own. /fɒrɪn/ adjective
Forsooth used to emphasise a statement, especially in order to show /fə'su:θ/ adverb
surprise.
Fortuitous happening by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good /fɔːˈtjuːɪtəs/ adjective
result.
Franchise formal permission given by a government to somebody who wants /ˈfran(t)ʃʌɪz/ noun
to operate a public service as a business.
Fraudulent intended to cheat somebody, usually in order to make money /ˈfrɔːdjʊl(ə)nt/ adjective
illegally.
Frenetic involving a lot of energy and activity in a way that is not organised. /frəˈnɛtɪk/ adjective

Frenzied involving a lot of activity and strong emotions in a way that is often /ˈfrɛnzid/ adjective
violent or frightening and not under control.
Fresco a picture that is painted on a wall while the plaster is still wet. /ˈfrɛskəʊ/ noun

Frolicsome playing in a lively happy way. /ˈfrɒlɪks(ə)m/ adjective

Fructiferous bearing fruits. /frʌk'tɪf ər əs/ adjective
Frugality using only as much money or food as is necessary. /fruːˈgalɪti/ adjective
Frustrate to make somebody feel annoyed or impatient because they cannot /frʌˈstreɪt/ verb
do or achieve what they want.

Fulminate to criticise somebody/something angrily. /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/ verb

Furtive behaving in a way that shows that you want to keep something /ˈfəːtɪv/ adjective
secret and do not want to be noticed.
Fusillade a rapid series of shots fired from one or more guns; a rapid series of /ˌfjuːzəˈleɪd/ noun
objects that are thrown.
Gaberdine a strong material used especially for making raincoats. /gabə'di:n/ noun
Gadfly a person who annoys or criticises other people in order to make /ˈgadflʌɪ/ noun
them do something.

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 Gadget a small tool or device that does something useful. /gadʒɪt/ noun
Gadolinium a chemical element. /ˌgadəˈlɪnɪəm/ noun
Gaffe a mistake that a person makes in public or in a social situation, /gaf/ noun
especially something embarrassing.
Gaffer a person who is in charge of a group of people. /ˈgafə/ noun
Gaiety being lighthearted or cheerful. /geɪəti/ noun
Gaily in a bright and attractive way. /ˈgeɪli/ adverb
Gainsay to disagree with or deny something. /geɪnˈseɪ/ verb
Gaiter a cloth or leather covering for the leg between the knee and the /ˈgeɪtə/ noun
ankle.
Galactic related to galaxies. /gə'laktɪk/ adjective
Galaxy any of the large systems of stars, etc. in outer space. /ˈgaləksi/ noun
Gall bold and disrespectful behaviour. /gɔ:l/ noun
Gallant brave, especially in a very difficult situation. /ˈgal(ə)nt/ adjective
Gallery room or building for display and sale of art. /gal(ə)ri/ noun
Gallic connected with or considered typical of France or its people. /ˈgalɪk/ adjective

Gallicism a French word or phrase that is used in another language. /ˈgalɪˌsɪz(ə)m/ noun
Gallon a unit for measuring liquid. /ˈgalən/ noun
Gamble to play games of chance for money. /gamb(ə)l/ verb
Gambol a piece of land next to or around your house where you can grow /ˈgamb(ə)l/ noun
flowers, fruit, vegetables.
Gamine a girl with a mischievous, boyish charm. /ga'mi:n/ noun
Gammon nonsense or rubbish. /gamən/ noun
Gander a male goose. /gandə/ noun
Gape to stare at somebody/something with your mouth open because /geɪp/ verb
you are shocked or surprised.
Garb clothes, especially unusual clothes or those worn by a particular /gɑːb/ noun
type of person.
Garbage rubbish or waste. /gɑ:bɪdʒ/ noun
Gardenia shrub with large fragrant white flowers. /gɑ:'diːnɪə/ noun
Gargantuan extremely large. /gɑːˈgantjʊən/ adjective

Garrison a group of soldiers living in a town or fort to defend it; the buildings /ˈgarɪs(ə)n/ noun
these soldiers live in.

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 Garrotte to kill somebody by putting a piece of wire, etc. around their neck /gəˈrɒt/ verb
and pulling it tight.
Garrulous excessively talkative. /gar(j)ʊləs/ adjective
Garth an open courtyard enclosed by cloisters. /gɑːθ/ noun
Gasp catch one’s breath with an open mouth as in exhaustion or /ɡɑːsp/ verb
astonishment.
Gastroenterol branch of medicine dealing with the digestive system. /gastrəʊɛntə'rɒlədʒi/ noun
ogy
Gastronomica related to food. /gastrə'nɒmɪk(ə)l/ adjective
l
Gaze to look steadily at somebody/something for a long time. /geɪz/ noun
Gel jelly-like substance with medicinal material in it. /dʒɛl/ noun
Gendarme paramilitary officer in French-speaking countries. /ʒɒndɑ:m/ noun
General affecting all or most people, places or things. /dʒɛn(ə)r(ə)l/ adjective
Generate to produce or create something. /dʒɛnəreɪt/ verb
Generic shared by, including or typical of a whole group of things; not /dʒɪ'nɛrɪk/ adjective
specific.
Genome set of chromosomes of an organism. /dʒi:nəʊm/ noun
Genre style or category of art or literature. /(d)ʒɒnrə/ noun
Genteel (of people and their way of life) quiet and polite, often in an /dʒɛn'ti:l/ adjective
exaggerated way; from, or pretending to be from, a high social
class.
Germicide substance that destroys harmful organisms. /dʒə:mɪsʌɪd/ noun
Germinate (of a seed or spore) begin to grow and put out shoots after a period /ˈdʒəːmɪneɪt/ verb
of dormancy.
Gerontocracy a state, society, or group governed by old people. /ˌdʒɛrənˈtɒkrəsi/ noun
Gerrymander to change the size and borders of an area for voting in order to give /ˈdʒɛrɪˌmandə/ verb
an unfair advantage to one party in an election.

Gesticulation a gesture, especially a dramatic one, used instead of speaking or /dʒɛˌstɪkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ verb
to emphasise one’s words.
Gewgaw a showy but worthless object. /gju:gɔ:/ noun
Ghastly very frightening and unpleasant, because it involves pain, death, /gɑːs(t)li/ adjective
etc.
Gibberish words that have no meaning or are impossible to understand. /dʒɪb(ə)rɪʃ/ noun

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 Glaring very easily seen. /ˈɡleərɪŋ/ adjective
Glib using words that are clever, but are not sincere, and do not show /ɡlɪb/ adjective
much thought ; smooth.

Glimmer a faint unsteady light. /ˈglɪmə/ noun

Glossy shiny and smooth. /glɒsi/ adjective
Glutinous sticky. /ˈgluːtɪnəs/ adjective
Glutton a person who eats too much. /ˈglʌt(ə)n/ noun
Golf a game played in large open-air course. /gɒlf/ noun
Gondola light flat-bottomed boat. /gɒndələ/ noun
Gopher a type of American rodent with furry cheek pouches. /gəʊfə/ adjective
Gorge eat a large amount greedily. /gɔ:dʒ/ verb
Gorgeous beautiful and very attractive. /gɔ:dʒəs/ adjective
Gossamer the very fine thread made by spiders. /ˈgɒsəmə/ noun
Governance the activity of governing a country or controlling a company or an /gʌv(ə)nəns/ noun
organiaation.
Grab seize suddenly and roughly. /grab/ verb
Gracious kind in a generous way (to someone less important). /ˈgreɪʃəs/ adjective
Graduate a person who has successfully completed a degree. /gradʒʊət/ verb
Gratuitous given, done, bestowed, or obtained without charge orpayment; free /grəˈtjuːɪtəs/ adjective
; voluntary.
Grisly extremely unpleasant and frightening and usually connected with /ˈɡrɪzli/ adjective
death and violence.
Grit very small pieces of stone or sand. /ɡrɪt / noun
Grotesque strange in a way that is unpleasant or offensive. /grə(ʊ)ˈtɛsk/ adjective
Gruesome very unpleasant and filling you with horror, usually because it is /ˈgruːs(ə)m/ adjective
connected with death or injury.
Guacamole spicy dish of mashed avocado. /gwakə'məʊli/ noun
Guileless behaving in a very honest way; not knowing how to trick people. /ˈgʌɪllɪs/ adjective

Gustatory affecting or relating to the sense of taste. /ˈgʌstət(ə)ri/ adjective

Guttural sound produced at the back of the throat. /gʌt(ə)r(ə)l/ adjective
Gymnasium hall or building equipped for physical exercise. /dʒɪm'neɪzɪəm/ noun
Gyration movement in circle or spiral. /dʒʌɪ'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

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 Gyroscope apparatus used to maintain balance, ascertain direction, etc. /ˈdʒʌɪrəskəʊp/ noun

Haberdasher a dealer in dressmaking and sewing goods. /ˈhabəˌdaʃə/ noun

Haberdashery shop that sells small items used in sewing. /habədaʃəri/ noun
Habit a thing that you do often and almost without thinking, especially /ˈhabɪt/ noun
something that is hard to stop doing.
Habitation the act of living in a place. /habɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Habitual usual or typical of somebody/something. /hə'bɪtʃʊəl/ adjective
Habituate make or become accustomed or used to something. /həˈbɪtʃʊeɪt / verb
Hacienda a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house. /ˌhæsɪˈendə/ noun

Hackle a long, narrow feather on the neck or saddle of a domestic cock or /ˈhak(ə)l/ noun
other bird.
Haddock a sea fish like a cod but smaller, with white flesh that is used for /ˈhadək/ noun
food.
Haem iron containing part of haemoglobin in blood. /hi:m/ noun
Haematite a type of reddish-black iron-based mineral. /hi:mətʌɪt/ noun
Haematogene production of blood. /ˈhiːmətəʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/ noun
sis
Haemoglobin protein responsible for transport of oxygen. /hi:mə'gləʊbɪn/ noun
Haemorrhage escape of blood from a torn blood vessel. /hɛmərɪdʒ/ verb
Hafnium a radioactive chemical element. /ˈhafnɪəm/ noun
Haggard looking very tired because of illness, worry or lack of sleep. /ˈhagəd/ adjective
Haggis Scottish dish made of sheep's offal. /hagɪs/ noun
Haggle dispute or bargain persistently, especially over a price. /ˈhag(ə)l/ verb
Haitian native or inhabitant of Haiti. /heɪʃɪən/ adjective
Halal denoting or relating to meat prepared as prescribed by Muslim law. /həˈlɑːl/ adjective

Halberd weapon with spear and battle axe combined /halbə:d/ noun
Halcyon tranquil; happy. /ˈhalsɪən, -ʃ(ə)n/ adjective
Halibut a large marine flatfish, used as food. /ˈhalɪbət/ noun
Halitosis unpleasant-smelling breath. /ˌhalɪˈtəʊsɪs/ noun
Hallowed honour as holy. /haləʊ'd/ adjective
Halloween the evening of October 31; the eve of All Saints' Day. /haləʊˈiːn/ noun
Halo circle of light surrounding the head of a holy person. /heɪləʊ/ noun
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 Halter a rope or strap placed around the head of an animal and used to /ˈhɔːltə/ noun
lead or tether it.
Handsome good-looking. /hans(ə)m/ adjective
Hangar large building for housing an aircraft. /haŋə/ noun
Hanger object used to hang clothes. /haŋə/ noun
Hangnail piece of torn skin near the fingernail. /haŋneɪl/ noun
Haphazard lacking order or organisation. /hap'hazəd/ adjective
Hardihood boldness; daring. /ˈhɑːdɪhʊd/ noun
Harmonious friendly, peaceful and without any disagreement. /hɑːˈməʊnɪəs/ adjective
Hassle a situation in which people disagree, argue or annoy you. /ˈhæsl/ noun
Hausfrau woman who is very dedicated to the household. /haʊsfraʊ/ noun
Hauteur an unfriendly way of behaving towards other people suggesting /əʊ'tə:/ noun
that you think that you are better than they are.
Heavenly connected with heaven. /ˈhɛv(ə)nli/ adjective
Hesitation action of pausing in indecision. /hɛzɪ'teɪʃn/ noun
Hibernation spending the winter in a dormant state. /hʌɪbəneɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Hidden kept out of sight. /hɪdn/ verb

Hike a long walk or walking tour. /hʌɪk/ verb
Histrionics melodramatic and theatrical behaviour. /hɪstrɪ'ɒnɪks/ noun
Hoary having grey hair. /hɔ:ri/ adjective
Homage honour or request shown publicly. /hɒmɪdʒ/ noun
Horticulture art or practise of gardening. /hɔ:tɪ,kʌltʃə/ noun
Hurl throw with great force. /hɜːl / verb
Hurricane a great cyclonic storm. /ˈhʌrɪk(ə)n, -keɪn/ noun
Hyacinth plant with spiky bell-shaped fragrant flowers. /hʌɪəsɪnθ/ noun
Hypertension abnormally high blood pressure. /hʌɪpə'tɛnʃ(ə)n/ noun
Hypnotic making you feel as if you are going to fall asleep, especially because /hɪp'nɒtɪk/ adjective
of a regular, repeated noise or movement.
Hysterical in a state of extreme excitement, and crying, laughing, etc. in an /hɪ'stɛrɪk(ə)l/ adjective
uncontrolled way.
Iambus a unit of sound in poetry consisting of one weak or short syllable /ʌɪˈambəs/ noun
followed by one strong or long syllable.
Icicle a pointed piece of ice that is formed when water freezes as it falls /ˈʌɪsɪk(ə)l/ noun
down from something such as a roof.
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 Idealise to consider or represent somebody/something as being perfect or /ʌɪˈdɪəlʌɪz / verb
better than they really are.
Idealism the belief that a perfect life, situation etc. can be achieved, even /ʌɪˈdɪəlɪz(ə)m / noun
when this is not very likely.
Identical similar in every detail. /ʌɪˈdɛntɪk(ə)l/ adjective
Identify to recognise somebody/something and be able to say who or what /ʌɪˈdɛntɪfʌɪ/ verb
they are.
Identikit a set of drawings of different features, using descriptions given by /ʌɪˈdɛntɪkɪt/ noun
people, that can be put together to form the face of a person.

Ideogram a sign or a symbol for something. /ˈɪdɪə(ʊ)gram / noun

Idiocy very stupid behaviour; the state of being very stupid. /ˈɪdɪəsi/ noun
Idiolect the way that a particular person uses language. /ˈɪdɪəlɛkt/ noun
Idiom a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of /ɪdɪəm/ noun
the individual words.
Idyll a happy and peaceful place, event or experience, especially one /ˈɪdɪl/ noun
connected with the countryside.
Ignite catch fire. /ɪg'nʌɪt/ verb
Ileum the third portion of the small intestine. /ɪlɪəm/ noun
Ilk a particular type. /ɪlk/ noun
Illegible difficult or impossible to read. /ɪˈlɛdʒɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Illicit not allowed by the law. /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ adjective

Illiterate not knowing how to read or write. /ɪˈlɪt(ə)rət/ adjective

Illumination light or a place that light comes from. /ɪ'l(j)u:mɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Illustrious well-known and highly respected. /ɪ'lʌstrɪəs/ adjective
Imbecile a person who has a very low level of intelligence. /ˈɪmbɪsiːl/ noun
Imbroglio a confusing and complicated situation. /ɪm'brəʊlɪəʊ/ noun
Imbue fill with a feeling or quality. /ɪm'bju:/ verb
Imitative copying or following a model or example. /ɪmɪtətɪv/ adjective
Immaterial not important in a particular situation. /ɪməˈtɪərɪəl/ adjective
Immeasurable too large, great etc. to be measured. /ɪˈmɛʒ(ə)rəb(ə)l/ adjective
Immediacy the quality in something that makes it seem as if it is happening /ɪ'mi:dɪəsi/ noun
now, close to you, and is therefore important, urgent, etc.

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 Immersion completely submerged in liquid . /ɪ'mə:ʃ(ə)n/ noun
Immiscible not mixing together properly. /ɪ'mɪsɪb(ə)l/ adjective
Immobile incapable of being moved. /ɪ'məʊbʌɪl/ adjective
Immune resistant to or unaffected by. /ɪ'mju:n/ adjective
Impaired not working properly, disabled. /ɪm'pɛ:d/ adjective
Impalpable that cannot be felt physically. /ɪmˈpalpəb(ə)l/ adjective
Impasse a difficult situation in which no progress can be made because the /am'pɑ:s/ noun
people involved cannot agree what to do.
Impatiens a type of flowering plant. /ɪm'patɪɛnz/ noun
Impenetrable that cannot be entered, passed through or seen through. /ɪmˈpɛnɪtrəb(ə)l/ adjective
Imprudent not wise or sensible. /ɪmˈpruːd(ə)nt/ adjective
Inalienable that cannot be taken away from you. /ɪnˈeɪlɪənəb(ə)l/ adjective
Inanimate not alive. /ɪn'anɪmət/ adjective
Inchoative (of verbs) expressing a change of state that happens on its own. /ɪn'kəʊətɪv/ noun

Incoherent insensible or cannot be understood. /ɪnkə(ʊ)'hɪər(ə)/ adjective

Inconstant frequently changing. /ɪn'kɒnst(ə)nt/ adjective
Incorporate include as part of the whole. /ɪn'kɔ:pəreɪt/ verb
Indecorous improper. /ɪn'dɛk(ə)rəs/ adjective
Indenture a formal agreement or contract. /ɪn'dɛntʃə/ noun
Indicative serving as a sign or indication. /ɪn'dɪkətɪv/ adjective
Indigent poor and needy people. /ɪndɪdʒ(ə)nt/ noun
Inform to tell somebody about something, especially in an official way. /ɪnˈfɔːm/ verb

Inn a small hotel, usually in the country. /ɪn/ noun

Insert to put something into something else or between two things. /ɪnˈsɜːt / verb

Inspire to give somebody the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to do /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ verb

something well.
Intercession the act of intervening on behalf of another. /ɪntə'sɛʃ(ə)n/ noun
Intermission a short period of time between the parts of a play, film/movie, etc. /ˌɪntəˈmɪʃn / noun

Interstitial occupying small in-between spaces. /ɪntə'stɪʃ(ə)l/ adjective

Intransigent unwilling to change one's views. /ɪn'transɪdʒ(ə)nt/ adjective
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 Intravenous into or through a vein. /ɪntrə'vi:nəs/ adjective
Intuit understand by instinct. /ɪn'tju:ɪt/ verb
Irksome annoying or irritating. /ə:ks(ə)m/ adjective
Ischaemia inadequate blood supply to parts of the body. /ɪ'ski:mɪə/ noun
Isolation state of being separate or alone. /ʌɪsə'leɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Ivy an evergreen climbing plant. /ʌɪvi/ noun
Jabot decorative ruffle in front of shirt. /ʒabəʊ/ noun
Jacaranda tropical tree with blue trumpet shaped flowers. /dʒakə'randə/ noun
Jacinth reddish-orange gem. /dʒasɪnθ/ noun
Jackanapes person who does not show proper respect. /dʒakəneɪps/ noun
Jackboot a tall boot that reaches up to the knee, worn by soldiers, especially /ˈdʒakbuːt/ noun
in the past.
Jackdaw small grey-headed crow. /dʒakdɔ:/ noun
Jackknife a large knife with a folding blade. /ˈdʒaknʌɪf/ noun
Jacobite a supporter of King James II of England, Scotland and Ireland, or his /ˈdʒakəbʌɪt/ noun
son or grandson, after he was removed from power in 1688.

Jadeite a type of mineral which forms semi-precious stones. /dʒeɪdʌɪt/ noun

Jaffa large thick-skinned orange. /dʒafə/ noun
Jaggery coarse brown palm sugar. /dʒag(ə)ri/ noun
Jalousie shutter made with angled slats. /ʒalʊzi:/ noun
Jambalaya Cajun dish with seafood and meat. /dʒambə'lʌɪə/ noun
Jamboree a large party or celebration of scouts. /ˌdʒambəˈriː/ noun
Jardiniere ornamental pot for plants. /ʒɑ:dɪn'jɛ:/ noun
Jargon difficult to understand expressions used by a particular profession. /dʒɑ:g(ə)n/ noun

Jarl a Danish chief. /jɑ:l / noun

Jejune too simple,not interesting. /dʒɪˈdʒuːn/ adjective
Jeopardise to risk harming or destroying something/somebody. /ˈdʒɛpədʌɪz/ verb
Jeremiad a very long sad complaint or list of complaints. /ˌdʒɛrɪˈmʌɪad/ noun
Jesuit a member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious group. /ˈdʒɛz(j)ʊɪt/ noun

Jicama a type of edible tuber. /hi:kəma/ noun

Jiffy a moment. /ˈdʒɪfi/ noun

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 Jiggered to manipulate or alter, especially in order to get something /ˈʤɪɡəd/ verb
done illegally or unethically.
Jitters feelings of being anxious and nervous, especially before an /ˈdʒɪtəs/ noun
important event or before having to do something difficult.

Jocund cheerful. /ˈdʒɒk(ə)nd / adjective

Joggle to move or to make somebody/something move quickly up and /ˈdʒɒg(ə)l/ verb
down or from one side to another.
Jonquil a narcissus with clusters of small fragrant yellow flowers and cylindr /ˈdʒɒŋkwɪl/ noun
ical leaves, native to southern Europe and NE Africa.

Jota spanish folk dance . /xəʊtə/ noun

Joyous very happy; causing people to be happy. /ˈdʒɔɪəs/ adjective
Jubilance happiness and triumph /dʒu:bɪl(ə)nt/ noun
Jubilee a special anniversary of an event, especially one that took place 25 /ˈdʒuːbɪliː/ noun
or 50 years ago; the celebrations connected with it.
Judder shake and vibrate rapidly. /dʒʌdə/ verb
Judicature the system by which courts, trials, etc. are organised in a country. /ˈdʒuːdɪkəˌtʃə/ noun

Judicial relating to administration of justice. /dʒu:'dɪʃ(ə)l/ adjective

Judicious done with good judgement. /dʒʊ'dɪʃəs/ adjective
Juxtapose to put people or things together, especially in order to show a /ˌdʒʌkstəˈpəʊz/ verb
contrast or a new relationship between them.
Kaffeeklatsch a social gathering, especially one at which coffee is served. /ˈkafeɪˌklatʃ/ noun
Kalashnikov a type of rifle or sub-machine gun made in Russia. /kəˈlaʃnɪkɒf, / noun
Karyokinesis division of a cell nucleus during mitosis. /ˌkarɪəʊkɪˈniːsɪs / noun
Khoikhoi a member of a group of indigenous peoples of South Africa and /ˈkɔɪkɔɪ/ noun
Namibia, including the Nama.
Laboratory building equipped for scientific experiments. /lə'bɒrə,t(ə)ri/ noun
Labrador a particular breed of dog. /labrədɔ:/ noun
Lackey person who acts servile to someone. /laki/ noun
Lacking not available or in short supply. /lakɪŋ/ adjective
Lacrosse a team game played with a ball and long sticks. /lə'krɒs/ noun
Lacteal of milk. /laktɪəl/ adjective
Lahar mudslide on the side of a volcano. /lɑ:hɑ:/ noun

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 Laic related to the common average people. /leɪɪk/ adjective
Laird Scottish person who owns a large estate. /lɛ:d/ noun
Lambast criticise harshly. /lam'beɪst/ verb
Lammergeier a long-winged, long-tailed Old World vulture. /ˈlaməˌgʌɪə/ noun

Languor pleasant tiredness and inactivity. /laŋgə/ noun

Latent existing but not active or manifest yet. /leɪt(ə)nt/ adjective
Lateral of, from or towards the sides. /lat(ə)r(ə)l/ adjective
Launch to start an activity, especially an organised one. /lɔ:n(t)ʃ / verb
Lavish very rich and elaborate. /lavɪʃ/ verb
Leash a collar around the dog's neck with which to lead it. /li:ʃ/ adjective
Least smallest in amount of quantity. /li:st/ adjective
Leathery having a tough texture. /lɛð(ə)ri/ adjective
Lectern tall stand with a sloping top where a speaker stands. /lɛkt(ə)n/ noun
Legality obligations imposed by the law. /li:'galɪti/ noun
Legendary described in or based on legends. /lɛdʒ(ə)nd(ə)ri/ adjective
Lei polynesian garland of flowers. /leɪ/ noun
Lemur an animal like a monkey, with thick fur and a long tail, that lives in /li:mə/ noun
trees in Madagascar.
Leniency merciful or tolerant. /li:nɪənsi/ noun
Leopard large predatory cat with black spots. /lɛpəd/ noun
Leprosy contagious bacterial skin disease. /lɛprəsi/ noun
Libation a drink given as offering to a deity. /lʌɪ'beɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Lichen a plant composite of fungus and algae that grows on walls. /lʌɪk(ə)n/ noun
Lilac small tree with fragrant purplish blossoms. /lʌɪlək/ noun
Liminal relating to a transitional stage. /lɪmɪn(ə)l/ adjective
Limousine larged luxurious car with a partition behind the driver. /lɪməzi:n/ noun
Lipid different types of fats. /lɪpɪd/ noun
Lisle smooth cotton thread used in stockings. /lʌɪl/ noun
Listless lacking energy and enthusiasm. /lɪs(t)ləs/ adjective
Literally in a literal manner or sense; exactly. /lɪt(ə)rəli/ adverb
Literature written works of artistic merit. /lɪt(ə)rətʃə/ noun
Lithium a light alkaline metal. /lɪθɪəm/ noun
Llama a domesticated pack animal like a camel. /lɑ:mə/ noun
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 Llano a treeless grassy plain. /lɑ:nəʊ/ noun
Loiter stand around without any apparent purpose. /lɔɪtə/ verb
Lorgnette pair of opera glasses with a hanfle on one side. /lɔ:'njɛt/ noun
Luau a Hawaiian party or feast. /lu:aʊ/ noun
Lucre money gained dishonourably. /lu:kə/ noun
Luculent clearly expressed. /lu:kjʊl(ə)nt/ adjective
Luddite a person who is opposed to new technology or working methods. /lʌdʌɪt/ noun

Lurid unpleasantly vivid in colour. /l(j)ʊərɪd/ adjective

Macadamia the round nut of an Australian tree. /makə'deɪmɪə/ noun
Macaroon a light biscuit. /makə'ru:n/ noun

Mace dried outer covering of nutmeg, used as a spice. /meɪs/ noun

Macerate soften or break up by soaking in liquid. /masəreɪt/ verb
Mache herbaceous plant used in salad. /mɑ:ʃ/ noun
Machiavellian using clever plans to achieve what you want, without people /makɪə'vɛlɪən/ adjective
realizing what you are doing.
Machinist person who operates machinery. /mə'ʃi:nɪst/ noun
Macrame craft of using knotted string to make decorative items. /mə'krɑ:mi/ noun
Madeleine a type of small cake. /madleɪn/ noun
Maelstrom a situation or state of confused movement or violent turmoil. /meɪlstrəm/ noun

Magenta a bright pinkish-red colour. /mə'dʒɛntə/ adjective

Magistrate a civil officer who conducts court proceedings. /madʒɪstrət/ noun
Magma hot semi-fluid lava. /magmə/ noun
Magnetic a thing that has the ability to attract iron materials. /mag'nɛtɪk/ adjective
Magnify to make something look bigger than it really is. /magnɪfʌɪ/ verb
Magnolia shrub with large fragrant white flowers. /mag'nəʊlɪə/ noun
Magpie long-tailed black and white bird with noisy call. /magpʌɪ/ noun
Maim wound or injure someone permanently. /meɪm/ verb
Majestic having or showing impressive beauty. /mə'dʒɛstɪk/ adjective
Makeshift used temporarily for a particular purpose because the real thing is /meɪkʃɪft/ adjective
not available.
Malady a disease or ailment. /malədi/ noun

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 Mandarin a type of citrus fruit. /mand(ə)rɪn/ noun
Mandatory required by law or mandate; compulsory. /mandət(ə)ri/ adjective
Margin the empty space at the side of a written or printed page. /ˈmɑːdʒɪn/ noun
Marigold a yellow or orange garden flower . /ˈmæriɡəʊld/ noun
Marina a specially designed harbour for small boats and yachts. /məˈriːnə/ noun
Marine of or concerned with sea . /məˈriːn/ adjective
Mascarpone soft Italian cream cheese. /maskə'pəʊneɪ/ noun
Maverick unorthodox openminded person. /mav(ə)rɪk/ noun
Megaphone large funnel-like device for amplifying voice. /mɛgəfəʊn/ noun
Memoir an account of one's life experiences. /mɛmwɑ:/ noun
Mercantile relating to trade and commerce. /mə:k(ə)ntʌɪl/ adjective
Merchandise goods for sale. /mə:tʃ(ə)ndʌɪs/ noun
Mesquite a particular tree, often used for making charcoal for grilling food. /mə'skēt/ noun

Meticulous very careful and precise. /mɪ'tɪkjʊləs/ adjective

Mileage number of miles travelled or covered. /mʌɪlɪdʒ/ noun
Millimetre a unit for measuring length. /ˈmɪlimiːtə(r)/ noun

Minister a senior member of the government who is in charge of a /ˈmɪnɪstə(r)/ noun

government department or a branch of one.
Minority the smaller part of a group. /maɪˈnɒrəti/ noun
Minute each of the 60 parts of an hour, that are equal to 60 seconds. /ˈmɪnɪt/ noun

Miracle a lucky thing that happens that you did not expect or think was /ˈmɪrəkl/ noun
possible.
Miraculous like a miracle. /mɪ'rakjʊləs/ adjective
Mitochondrio structure that produces energy in cells. /mʌɪtə(ʊ)'kɒndrɪən/ noun
n
Modesty quality of moderate estimation of one's abilities. /mɒdɪsti/ noun
Modicum a fairly small amount, especially of something good or pleasant. /mɒdɪkəm/ noun

Monarchy government led by one noble ruler. /mɒnəki/ noun

Monetary related to money or currency . /mʌnɪt(ə)ri/ adjective
Mongrel a dog that is a mixture of different breeds. /mʌŋgr(ə)l/ noun
Moped a motorcycle with a small engine and also pedals. /məʊpɛd/ noun
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 Morsel a small amount or a piece of something, especially food. /mɔ:s(ə)l/ noun
Mourn to feel and show sadness because somebody has died. /mɔːn/ verb
Muesli breakfast food made of mixed cereal grains, nuts and fruits. /m(j)u:zli/ noun
Mundane lacking interest or excitement. /mʌndeɪn/ adjective
Musician a person who plays a musical instrument or writes music, especially /mjuˈzɪʃn/ noun
as a job.
Mutation sudden abnormal change in construction of the gene. /mju:'teɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Nabataean a member of an ancient Arabian people having a kingdom with its /ˌnabəˈtiːən/ noun
capital at Petra (now in Jordan).
Nacho tortilla chip topped with meat and cheese. /natʃəʊ/ noun
Naivety lack of wisdom judgement or experience. /nʌɪ'i:vti/ noun
Namesake person who is named after someone else. /neɪmseɪk/ noun
Nankeen yellowish cotton cloth. /naŋ'ki:n/ noun
Narcissistic excessive interest in one's appearance. /nɑ:sɪ'sɪstɪk/ adjective
Narcolepsy condition of extreme tendency to fall asleep. /nɑ:kə(ʊ)lɛpsi/ noun
Narragansett a member of an American Indian people originally of Rhode Island. /ˌnarəˈgansət/ noun

Narration spoken or written account of events. /nə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ noun

Natter keep talking or chatting. /natə/ verb
Navel the small hollow part or lump in the middle of the stomach where /neɪv(ə)l/ noun
the umbilical cord was cut at birth.
Navigation process of directing the route of a vehicle. /navɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Necklace ornamental jewellery worn around the neck. /nɛklɪs/ noun

Nectar a sweet liquid that is produced by flowers and collected by bees for /ˈnektə(r)/ noun
making honey.
Needless not necessary because it could have been avoided ; unnecessary. /ˈniːdləs/ adjective

Negative pessimistic or discouraging. /nɛgətɪv/ adjective

Neglect to fail to take care of somebody/something. /nɪˈɡlekt/ verb
Neophyte person who is new to an activity. /ni:ə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ noun
Ngultrum the basic monetary unit of Bhutan. /(ə)ŋˈgʊltrəm/ noun
Notoriety famous for some bad quality or deed. /nəʊtə'rʌɪɪti/ noun
Nuance a very slight difference in meaning, sound, colour or somebody’s /nju:ɑ:ns/ noun
feelings that is not usually very obvious.

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 Nullify cancel out. /nʌlɪfʌɪ/ verb
Oath a solemn promise. /əʊθ/ noun
Oatmeal meal made from ground oats. /əʊtmi:l/ noun
Obeche African trees whose wood is used for furniture. /əʊ'bi:tʃi/ noun
Obedience the fact of doing what you are told to do or of being willing to obey. /ə'bi:dɪəns/ noun

Obedient doing what you are told to do. /əˈbiːdiənt/ adjective

Obese grossly overweight. /ə(ʊ'bi:s/ noun
Obituary notice of a person's death on a newspaper. /ə(ʊ)'bɪtʃʊəri/ noun
Objectionable arousing distaste or opposition; unpleasant or offensive. /əb'dʒɛkʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l/ adjective
Objective a thing aimed at or sought; a goal. /əb'dʒɛktɪv/ noun
Oblation an offering made to a deity. /ə'bleɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
Obliged be indebted or grateful. /ə'blʌɪdʒ/ adjective
Oblivion state of being unaware of what is happening. /ə'blɪvɪən/ noun
Oblivious not aware of what is happening around one. /ə'blɪvɪəs/ adjective
Oboe a woodwind instrument. /əʊbəʊ/ noun
Obstinate refusing to change one's opinion or decision. /ɒbstɪnət/ adjective
Obtrude impose or force something on someone. /əb'tru:d/ verb
Obtuse annoyingly slow to understand. /əb'tju:s/ adjective
Occidental relating to the countries of the West. /ɒksɪ'dɛnt(ə)l/ adjective
Occlusion blockage closing off a blood vessel. /ə'klu:ʒ(ə)n/ noun
Oedema accumulation of water in the body. /ɪ'di:mə/ noun
Oeuvre the body of work of an artist or writer. /ə:vr(ə)/ noun
Offensive rude in a way that causes you to feel upset, insulted or annoyed. /ə'fɛnsɪv/ adjective

Offhand not showing much interest in somebody/something. /ɒfhand/ adjective

Offspring a child of a particular person or couple. /ˈɒfsprɪŋ/ noun
Omnipotence possession of unlimited or very great power. /ɒm'nɪpət(ə)ns/ adjective
Omniscient having knowledge of all things. /ɒm'nɪsɪənt/ adjective

Onerous involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty. /əʊn(ə)rəs/ adjective

Opalescent showing shifting colours and light. /əʊpə'lɛs(ə)nt/ adjective
Ordeal a difficult or unpleasant experience. /ɔːˈdiːl/ noun

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 Ornate covered with a lot of decoration, especially when this involves very /ɔːˈneɪt/ adjective
small or complicated designs.
Ostracise exclude from a society or group. /ɒstrəsʌɪz/ verb
Otolaryngolog the study of the diseases of the ear, nose and throat. /ˌəʊtəʊlærɪŋˈɡɒlədʒi/ noun
y
Outfit a set of clothes that you wear together, especially for a particular /ˈaʊtfɪt / noun
occasion or purpose.
Outlandish bizarre or unfamiliar. /aʊt'landɪʃ/ adjective
Outmaneuver evade (an opponent) by moving faster or with greater agility. /aʊtmə'nu:və/ verb

Overbearing unpleasantly overpowering. /əʊvə'bɛərɪŋ/ adjective

Pachinko a Japanese form of pinball. /pə'tʃɪŋkəʊ/ noun
Paediatrics the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of infants /pi:dɪ'atrɪks/ noun
and children.
Paillette a piece of glittering material used to decorate clothing; a spangle. /pal'jɛt/ noun

Palaver prolonged and tedious fuss or discussion. /pə'lɑ:və/ noun

Palfrey a type of horse highly valued as a riding horse in the Middle Ages. /pɔ:lfri/ noun

Pancreas a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes /paŋkrɪəs/ noun
into the duodenum.
Panoply an extensive or impressive collection. /panəpli/ noun
Pardon used to ask somebody to repeat something because you did not /ˈpɑːdn/ exclamation
hear it or did not understand it.
Partisan a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person. /pɑ:tɪzan/ noun
Passport an official document that identifies you as a citizen of a particular /pɑ:spɔ:t/ noun
country, and that you may have to show when you enter or leave a
country.
Pastille a small sweet/candy that you suck, especially one that is flavoured /past(ə)l/ noun
with fruit or that contains medicine for a sore throat.

Pastoral portraying country life. /pɑ:st(ə)r(ə)l/ adjective

Pavilion a building or similar structure used for a specific purpose, in /pə'vɪljən/ noun
particular.
Pedagogue a teacher, especially a strict or pedantic one. /pɛdəgɒg/ noun

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 Pedestrian a person walking in the street and not travelling in a vehicle. /pɪ'dɛstrɪən/ noun

Pedicure cosmetic treatment of the feet and toenails. /pɛdɪkjʊə/ noun

Pedigree a person's family history or the background of something, especially /pɛdɪgri:/ noun
when this is impressive.
Penchant a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, /pɒ̃ ʃɒ̃ / noun
especially something that other people might not like.

Perfume a liquid, often made from flowers, that you put on your skin to /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ noun
make yourself smell nice.
Perish to die, especially in a sudden violent way. /ˈperɪʃ/ verb
Permeable (of a material or membrane) allowing liquids or gases to pass /pə:mɪəb(ə)l/ adjective
through it.
Perusal careful examination or reading. /pə'ru:z(ə)l/ noun
Pervasive (especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading /pə'veɪsɪv/ adjective
widely throughout an area or a group of people.
Pesticide a substance for destroying insects or other pests of plants or /pɛstɪsʌɪd/ noun
animals.
Petition a written document signed by a large number of people that asks /pəˈtɪʃn/ noun
somebody in a position of authority to do or change something.

Pewter alloy of tin and copper with antimony. /pju:tə/ noun

Pitiless showing no pity; cruel. /ˈpɪtiləs/ adjective
Plenty a large amount. /ˈplenti/ pronoun
Plumber a person whose job is to fit and repair things such as water pipes, /ˈplʌmə(r)/ noun
toilets, etc.
Plywood a type of thin strong wooden board. /plʌɪwʊd/ noun
Pneumonia a lung infection in which the air sacs fill with pus. /nju':məʊnɪə/ noun
Poinsettia a small shrub with large showy scarlet bracts surrounding the small /ˌpɔɪnˈsɛtɪə/ noun
yellow flowers.
Pomade a liquid that is put on the hair to make it look shiny and smell nice. /pəˈmɑːd / noun

Ponder to think about something carefully for a period of time. /ˈpɒndə(r)/ verb
Populace all the ordinary people of a particular country or area. /ˈpɒpjələs/ noun
Population all the people who live in a particular area, city or country. /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ noun

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 Populous where a large number of people live. /ˈpɒpjələs/ adjective
Portray to show somebody/something in a picture. /pɔːˈtreɪ/ verb
Possess to have or own something. /pəˈzes/ verb
Possible that can be done or achieved. /ˈpɒsəbl / adjective
Poverty the state of being poor. /ˈpɒvəti/ noun
Praise words that show approval of or admiration for /preɪz/ noun
somebody/something.
Prank a trick that is played on somebody as a joke. /præŋk/ noun

Prawn a shellfish with ten legs and a long tail, that can be eaten. /prɔːn/ noun
Premonition a strong feeling that something is about to happen, especially /prɛmə'nɪʃ(ə)n/ noun
something unpleasant.
Preside to lead or be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, etc. /prɪˈzaɪd/ verb
Pristine fresh and clean, as if new. /prɪsti:n/ adjective
Private belonging to or for the use of a particular person or group. /ˈpraɪvət/ adjective
Procedure way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way. /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/ noun

Proposal a formal suggestion or plan. /prəˈpəʊzl/ noun

Provide to give something to somebody or make it available for them to /prəˈvaɪd / verb
use.
Provision the act of supplying somebody with something that they need or /prəˈvɪʒn/ noun
want.
Pseudonymou writing or written under a false name. /sjuːˈdɒnɪməs/ adjective
s
Pterodactyl a fossil warm-blooded flying reptile of the late Jurassic period, with /ˌtɛrəˈdaktɪl/ noun
a long slender head and neck and a very short tail.

Pulse the number of times the blood beats in a minute. /pʌls/ noun
Pusillanimous showing a lack of courage or determination. /ˌpjuːsɪˈlanɪməs/ adjective
Quarrel an angry argument or disagreement between people, often about a /ˈkwɒrəl/ noun
personal matter.
Quest a long search for something, especially for some quality such as /kwest/ noun
happiness.
Reconnaissan the activity of getting information about an area for military /rɪˈkɒnɪs(ə)ns/ noun
ce purposes, using soldiers, planes, etc.

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 Refuel to fill something, especially a plane, with fuel in order to continue a /ˌriːˈfjuːəl/ verb
journey.
Refusal an act of saying or showing that you will not do, give or accept /rɪˈfjuːzl/ noun
something.
Refute to prove that something is wrong. /rɪˈfjuːt / verb
Regardless paying no attention, even if the situation is bad or there are /rɪˈɡɑːdləs/ adverb
difficulties.
Reignite to start burning again. /ˌriːɪɡˈnaɪt/ verb
Rejoice to express great happiness about something. /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/ verb
Relaxing helping you to rest and become less anxious. /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/ adjective
Remand to send somebody away from a court to wait for their trial which /rɪˈmɑːnd / verb
will take place at a later date.
Remedy a way of dealing with or improving an unpleasant or difficult /ˈremədi/ noun
situation.

Remember to have or keep an image in your memory of an event, a person, a /rɪˈmembə(r)/ verb
place, etc. from the past.
Remind to help somebody remember something, especially something /rɪˈmaɪnd/ verb
important that they must do.
Remittance a sum of money that is sent to somebody in order to pay for /rɪˈmɪtns/ noun
something.
Removal the act of taking somebody/something away from a particular /rɪˈmuːvl/ noun
place.
Repair to restore something that is broken, damaged or torn to good /rɪˈpeə(r) / verb
condition.
Repent to feel and show that you are sorry for something bad or wrong /rɪˈpent/ verb
that you have done.
Reptile any animal that has cold blood and skin covered in scales, and that /ˈreptaɪl/ noun
lays eggs.
Reward a thing that you are given because you have done something good, /rɪˈwɔːd/ noun
worked hard, etc.
Rogue a person who behaves badly, but in a harmless way. /rəʊɡ/ noun
Rustic typical of the country or of country people. /ˈrʌstɪk/ adjective
Sacrilegious violation or misuse of something regarded as sacred or as having /ˌsakrɪˈlɪdʒəs/ noun
great value.
Safari expedition; trip. /səˈfɑːri/ noun

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 Salient most important or noticeable. /ˈseɪlɪənt/ adjective
Sallow (of a person’s skin or face) having a slightly yellow colour that does /ˈsaləʊ/ adjective
not look healthy.
Sanction permit; approve. /ˈsaŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ noun
Sanguine cheerful and confident about the future. /ˈsaŋgwɪn/ adjective
Sapling a young tree . /ˈsæplɪŋ/ noun
Sarcasm a way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in /ˈsɑːkæzəm/ noun
order to be unpleasant to somebody or to make fun of them.

Satchel school bag. /ˈsatʃ(ə)l/ noun

Satiety the state or feeling of being completely full of food, or of having /səˈtʌɪɪti/ noun
had enough of something.
Scalp the skin that covers the part of the head where the hair grows. /skælp/ noun

Scant scarce; limited. /skant/ adjective

Scarcity shortage; insuffiency. /ˈskɛːsɪti/ noun
Scarlet crimson; red. /ˈskɑːlɪt/ noun
Scintilla a minute particle; spark. /sɪnˈtɪlə/ noun
Scorn disdain; ridicule /skɔːn/ noun

Scrawny skinny; skeletal. /ˈskrɔːni/ adjective

Screech shriek; scream. /skriːtʃ/ verb
Scrimmage a confused struggle or fight. /ˈskrɪmɪdʒ/ noun
Script a written text of a play, film/movie, broadcast, talk, etc. /skrɪpt/ noun
Secular not connected with spiritual or religious matters. /ˈsekjələ(r)/ adjective
Sedation the act of giving somebody drugs in order to make them calm or to /sɪˈdeɪʃn/ noun
make them sleep.
Sediment the solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid. /ˈsedɪmənt/ noun
Seer a person who claims that they can see what is going to happen in /sɪə(r)/ noun
the future.
Segment a part of something that is separate from the other parts or can be /ˈseɡmənt/ noun
considered separately.
Sepulcher tomb; grave. /ˈsɛp(ə)lkə/ noun
Sesquipedalia characterised by long words; long-winded. /ˌsɛskwɪpɪˈdeɪlɪən/ adjective
n

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 Shackle chain up. /ˈʃak(ə)l/ noun
Sheer utter; total. /ʃɪə/ adjective
Shelter the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic /ˈʃeltə(r)/ noun
human need.
Shimmer shine; sparkle. /ˈʃɪmə/ verb
Shiver shake; tremble. /ˈʃɪvə/ verb
Shod wearing shoes of the type mentioned. /ʃɒd/ adjective
Simper to smile in a silly and annoying way. /ˈsɪmpə(r)/ verb
Slit a long narrow cut or opening in something. /slɪt/ noun
Solitude loneliness; isolation. /ˈsɒlɪtjuːd/ noun
Stroll a slow relaxed walk. /strəʊl/ verb
Submarine a streamlined warship designed to operate completely submerged /sʌbməˈriːn/ noun
in the sea for long periods.
Successful achieving your aims or what was intended. /səkˈsesfl/ adjective
Supper the last meal of the day, either a main meal, usually smaller and less /ˈsʌpə(r)/ noun
formal than dinner, or a snackeaten before you go to bed.

Surmount prevail; conquer. /səˈmaʊnt/ verb

Susurrus whispering, murmuring, or rustling. /s(j)uːˈsʌrəs/ noun
Swan a large bird that is usually white and has a long thin neck. /swɒn/ noun
Sweater a knitted piece of clothing made of wool or cotton for the upper /ˈswetə(r)/ noun
part of the body, with long sleeves.
Synchronise harmonise; co-ordinate. /ˈsɪŋkrənʌɪz/ verb
Taffeta a crisp, smooth plain woven fabric made from silk or synthetic /ˈtafɪtə/ noun
fibres.
Tambourine a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, /ˌtambəˈriːn/ noun
often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small wires.
Tantamount equivalent in seriousness to; virtually the same as. /ˈtantəmaʊnt/ adjective
Tchotchke a small object that is decorative rather than strictly functional; a /ˈtʃɒtʃkə/ noun
trinket.
Termagant a noisy,violent, quarrelsome woman. /ˈtəːməg(ə)nt/ noun
Thwart to oppose successfully : defeat the hopes or aspirations of. /θwɔːt/ verb
Toenail the nail at the tip of each toe. /ˈtəʊneɪl / noun
Tragic making you feel very sad, usually because somebody has died or /ˈtrædʒɪk/ adjective
suffered a lot.

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 Trapeze machinery for physical exercise. /trəˈpiːz/ verb
Truculent eager or quick to argue or fight. /ˈtrʌkjʊl(ə)nt/ adjective
Truncate shorten by cutting off the top or the end. /trʌŋˈkeɪt / verb
Tutelage protection of or authority over someone or something; /ˈtjuːtɪlɪdʒ/ noun
guardianship.
Typhus a dangerous fever. /ˈtʌɪfəs/ noun
Ubiquitous present everywhere. /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ adjective
Uncouth uncivilised; awkward. /ʌnˈkuːθ/ adjective
Uniform not varying; the same in all parts and at all times. /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ adjective
Valid that is legally or officially acceptable. /ˈvælɪd/ adjective
Vanish to disappear suddenly and/or in a way that you cannot explain. /ˈvænɪʃ/ verb

Vegetation plants in general, especially the plants that are found in a particular /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn / noun
area or environment.
Velocity the speed of something in a particular direction. /vəˈlɒsəti/ noun
Ventilation to allow fresh air to enter and move around a room, building. /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ noun

Vichyssoise a soup made with potatoes, leeks, and cream and typically served /ˌviːʃiːˈswɑːz/ noun
chilled.
Warrior (especially in the past) a person who fights in a battle or war. /ˈwɒriə(r)/ noun

Weep to cry, usually because you are sad. /wiːp/ verb

Xmas used as a short form of ‘Christmas’, usually in writing. /krɪsməs / noun
Yawn to open your mouth wide and breathe in deeply through it, usually /jɔːn/ verb
because you are tired or bored.
Youngish fairly young. /ˈjʌŋɪʃ/ adjective
Zephyr a light wind. /ˈzɛfə/ noun
Zoom to move or go somewhere very fast. /zuːm/ verb

End

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