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    Guía - Storage Flow Bulk Solids - English Version

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    Estefanía Gómez Rodríguez
    Bulk solids refer to materials composed of individual particles that are stored and flow differently than fluids. There are three main types of flow when bulk solids exit a hopper: mass flow where the entire contents move uniformly, funnel flow where only a zone above the opening flows with dead zones on the sides, and arching where a stable structure forms at the opening stopping flow. Proper hopper design and bulk solid properties are needed to ensure uniform mass or funnel flow without arching.

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    Guía - Storage Flow Bulk Solids - English Version

    Uploaded by

    Estefanía Gómez Rodríguez
    98 views1 page
    Bulk solids refer to materials composed of individual particles that are stored and flow differently than fluids. There are three main types of flow when bulk solids exit a hopper: mass flow where the entire contents move uniformly, funnel flow where only a zone above the opening flows with dead zones on the sides, and arching where a stable structure forms at the opening stopping flow. Proper hopper design and bulk solid properties are needed to ensure uniform mass or funnel flow without arching.

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    Guía_Storage flow bulk solids_English version

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    Bulk solids refer to materials composed of individual particles that are stored and flow differently than fluids. There are three main types of flow when bulk solids exit a hopper: mass flow where the entire contents move uniformly, funnel flow where only a zone above the opening flows with dead zones on the sides, and arching where a stable structure forms at the opening stopping flow. Proper hopper design and bulk solid properties are needed to ensure uniform mass or funnel flow without arching.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    98 views1 page

    Guía - Storage Flow Bulk Solids - English Version

    Uploaded by

    Estefanía Gómez Rodríguez
    Bulk solids refer to materials composed of individual particles that are stored and flow differently than fluids. There are three main types of flow when bulk solids exit a hopper: mass flow where the entire contents move uniformly, funnel flow where only a zone above the opening flows with dead zones on the sides, and arching where a stable structure forms at the opening stopping flow. Proper hopper design and bulk solid properties are needed to ensure uniform mass or funnel flow without arching.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    MECHANICAL PROCESS ENGINEERING STORAGE AND FLOW OF BULK SOLIDS

    BASIC KNOWLEDGE

    STORAGE AND FLOW OF BULK SOLIDS


    The term “bulk solids” Typical phenomena when bulk solid is flowing out of a hopper or silo are:
    generally refers to materials in
    the form of collections of single Mass flow
    or individual particles. These The entire vessel contents are in motion during discharge of the bulk solid.
    particles may be very fine If the area above the hopper is high enough, a uniform sinkage across the
    (powder) or coarse. Examples cross-section occurs (piston flow).
    are ores, cement, foodstuffs or
    chemical products. Bulk solids Funnel flow
    are stored in tanks, containers Only a limited zone above the discharge opening, which can widen out
    or silos, depending on quantity. upwards in a funnel shape, is in motion during discharge of the bulk
    The storage facilities must be solid. At the sides of the flowing bulk so-called dead zones are formed, in
    designed such that they neither which the material is at rest. The material rests in those zones for a long
    impair product quality nor cause time, and is only discharged towards the end of the emptying process.
    disturbances to the removal of Moreover, a bulk solid which is not very free-flowing may become
    the bulk solids. compacted in the dead zones to such an extent that it will not flow out by
    gravity alone.
    Bulk solids do not behave like
    Newtonian fluids either when Arching
    flowing or when at rest in In the case of poor flowing, cohesive bulk solids, a stable arch may form
    storage. In contrast to in the discharge hopper causing the material flow to come to a stop.
    Newtonian fluids, bulk solids
    can also transmit transverse Segregation
    strain when at rest, and When filling storage containers, segregation may occur if the particles
    accordingly form surfaces are of differing size, shape or density. Segregation by its nature reduces
    which tend to be stable. Nor are product quality.
    analogies with the behaviour
    of solids usually possible. For
    example, in contrast to solids,
    a bulk solid cannot transmit any A B C
    significant tensile stresses.

    Consequently, in order to
    describe the behaviour of bulk
    solids there is a dedicated
    discipline known as bulk
    mechanics or powder mechan-
    ics, which is founded on that of
    soil mechanics.

    A mass flow, B funnel flow, C arching


    angle of hopper wall, 1 dead zones

    Whether mass or funnel flow is occurring depends on the flow properties of


    For more information on the subject: the bulk solid and on the wall material and angle of inclination of the hopper
    Schulze, D.: Powders and Bulk Solids, walls. The required angle of the hopper walls can be calculated if the flow
    Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
    properties are known. The flow properties are measured using shear testers.
    (2007)
    With these measured values, the minimum size of the discharge opening to
    avoid arching can also be calculated.

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