Aplastic Anemia Info

APLASTIC ANEMIA
What is Aplastic Anemia?

Bone marrow doesn't make enough blood cells. A problem with cells in the bone
marrow called stem cells. The condition leaves you fatigued and more prone to
infections and uncontrolled bleeding. The bone marrow is the central portion of
the bones that is responsible for making:
 Red blood cells, which carry oxygen

 White blood cells, which fight infection
 Platelets, which help blood to clot
Who Gets It?

Anyone can get aplastic anemia, but it's more likely to happen to people in
their late teens and early 20s, and the elderly. Males and females have
about an equal chance of getting it. It is more common in developing
countries.
There are two different types:
 Inherited aplastic anemia - Inherited aplastic anemia is caused by

gene defects, and is most common in children and young adults. If
you have this type, there is a higher chance of
developing leukemia and other cancers.
 Acquired aplastic anemia - more common in adults. Researchers
believe something triggers problems in the immune system. The
possibilities include:
o Radiation and chemotherapy treatments.
o Exposure to toxic chemicals.
o Use of certain drugs.
o Autoimmune disorders.
o A viral infection.
o Pregnancy.
o Unknown factors.
symptoms depend on what type of blood cells you're low on, but you may
be low on all three. These are common symptoms for each:
Low red blood cell count:
 Tiredness
 Shortness of breath
 Dizziness
 Pale skin
 Headaches
 Chest pain
 Irregular heartbeat
Low white blood cell count:
 Infections
 Fever
Low platelet count:
 Easy bruising and bleeding

 Nosebleeds
Laboratory testing
 Blood tests.
 Bone marrow biopsy.

Treatment Options for Aplastic
Anemia
Treatment depends on the severity of your condition. Some mild forms of
aplastic anemia don’t require treatment. Stopping a medication or staying
away from possible chemicals may be recommended. Many moderate cases
require blood and platelet transfusions. Transfusions are generally necessary
for acute cases.
Bone marrow transplants can be used to treat severe cases. The treatment
works best in people under 40 years who have sibling donors.
Goals of Treatment
The goal of treatment is to increase the amount of oxygen that your blood can carry.
This is done by raising the red blood cell count and/or hemoglobin level. (Hemoglobin is
the iron-rich protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body.)
Another goal is to treat the underlying cause of the anemia.
Nursing Management
The major goals for a patient with anemia include:
 Decreased fatigue
 Attainment or maintenance of adequate nutrition.
 Maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion.
 Compliance with prescribed therapy.
 Absence of complications.
Nursing interventions are based on the data assessed by the nurse and on the
symptoms that the patient manifests.
To manage fatigue:
 Prioritize activities.
 Exercise and physical activity.

To maintain adequate nutrition:
 Diet.
 Alcohol intake.
 Dietary teaching.
To maintain adequate perfusion:
 Blood transfusion monitoring.

To promote compliance with prescribed therapy:
 Enhance compliance.
 Medication intake.
https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/aplastic-
anemia.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aplastic-anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355015
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/aplastic-anemia#1
https://www.healthline.com/health/idiopathic-aplastic-anemia#treatment
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aplastic-anemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355020
https://nurseslabs.com/anemia/
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APLASTIC ANEMIA

What is Aplastic Anemia?

 Red blood cells, which carry oxygen

Who Gets It?

 Inherited aplastic anemia - Inherited aplastic anemia is caused by

o Radiation and chemotherapy treatments.

o Exposure to toxic chemicals.

o Use of certain drugs.

Low white blood cell count:

Low platelet count:

 Easy bruising and bleeding

 Bone marrow biopsy.

 Exercise and physical activity.

 Blood transfusion monitoring.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/548383692127702336/?nic_v2=1a2yZxPce aplastic anemia awareness

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/7740630584696895/?nic_v2=1a2yZxPce aplastic anemia awareness lands

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/20125529573473339/?nic_v2=1a2yZxPce blood cells port

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SOCIAL RBC

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