Grammar – something / anything / everything etc.

A Do you have everything for your presentation?

B I can't find my flash drive. I've looked everywhere for it. Have you seen it anywhere?

A It's there in your laptop.

B Oh, yeah. Thanks. Right, I think that's everything. I don't think I've forgotten nothing (anything).

A Do you have any scissors or any sharp objects in your carry-on?

B No, there's anything (nothing) sharp in my carry-on.

A Who's meeting you at the airport?

B Somebody from the company is meeting me.

A Has anybody called you about the change of hotel yet?

B No, nobody has called me about that. I'll see when I get there. Well wish me luck.

A Good luck. I'm sure it will all go well.

Grammar – must for deductions

They invited us for lunch. You must know them. (They must be at home.)
He isn't in the house. He must be in the garden.
She's gone home early. She must be sick.
He didn't sleep very well last night. He must be tired.
She remembered my name. She must have a good memory.
They live next door to you. They must be at home. (You must know them.)
They look alike. They must be sisters.

Grammar – must and can't for deductions

A Hello. Can I speak to Kate, please?

B I'm sorry, there's nobody here by that name. You must have the wrong number.

A I can't find my flash drive.

B You must have left it at home.

A I'm hungry. Let's go and get something to eat.

B You can't be hungry. We just had lunch.

A (a dog barks) I didn't know that Sam has a dog.

B He doesn't have a dog. This can't be the right house.

A There's nobody here. We've got the wrong day.

B It must (can't) be the wrong day. I put this day in my calendar.

A Ellie is Andrew's sister.

B She can't be his sister. She doesn't look like him at all.
Grammar – make / let / help

A What do you do when you are stressed?

B I listen to music. It helps me relax.

A I eat chocolate when I'm upset. It makes me feel better.

B Really? I usually watch a movie or read a book when I'm upset.

A Do you have a car?

B No, I don't. My sister lets me drive hers.

A I can't come to Seattle with you.

B Why not?

A The thought of flying in a plane makes me nervous.

A You should exercise more. It will help you to lose weight.

B I know, but I'm lazy.

Listening – Public Speaking Disasters (1)

Leah is worried about losing her memory stick. TRUE (FALSE)
If she forgets something in her presentation, she should wait. TRUE
Leah shouldn’t be afraid to ask the audience for help. TRUE
Losing her laptop is Leah’s worst nightmare. FALSE
Marcus advises her to use as many slides as possible. FALSE

Listening – Public Speaking Disasters (2)

Leah is worried that somebody will steal her laptop.
Leah is going to save her presentation on her flash drive.
If Leah can't use her laptop, she can use somebody else's laptop.
Leah is worried that her mind will go blank.
It's important to practice her presentation.

Vocabulary – Presentations
I don't want people to know about this. I'm embarrassed about it.
You can't help feeling anxious. Giving a presentation makes everybody feel nervous.
He thought his presentation was perfect. He was over-confident about it.
I have painful memories of being made fun of in school.
They criticized me for making my speech too long.
It's good to be a little nervous. It keeps you on your toes.

Grammar – Verb + -ing

We can't afford to buy a house, so my husband suggested buying (buy) an apartment. I can't
imagine living (live) in an apartment. I have always lived in a house with a garden. Living in an
apartment means not having (have) a garden. I like being (be) in the garden and planting (plant) flowers.
We have started growing (grow) some vegetables in our garden this year. I don't want to move to an
apartment.

Grammar – Present simple passive

Tea grown (is grown) (grow) in Turkey.
Tigers not found (aren't found) (not find) in Mexico.
Poisonous snakes not found (aren't found) (not find) in Ireland.
Hazelnuts grown (are grown) (grow) in England.
Cotton picked (is picked) (pick) in Uzbekistan.
Chocolate produced (is produced) (produce) in Germany.
Cocoa not exported (isn't exported) (not export) from Spain. It imported (is imported) (import) to Spain.
Cocoa butter used (is used) (use) in soap and cosmetics.

Grammar – Past simple passive

The food in my cabinets is from all around the world.

Example avocados / grow / Mexico

The avocados were grown in Mexico.

yogrt / produce / Turkey

The yougrt was produced in Turkey. (The yogurt was produced in Turkey.)

hazelnuts / pick / Italy

The hazelnuts were picked in Italy.

chicken / farm raise / England

The chicken was farm raised in England.

chocolate / produce / Germany

Thw choolate was produced in Germany. (The chocolate was produced in Germany.)

oranges / grow / Cyprus

The oranges were grown in Cyprus.

Vocabulary – Farming
Animals on factory farms are kept in very small spaces. It's cruel.
They often get terrible diseases because of the conditions they are kept in.
They are fed antibiotics to keep them healthy.
On a factory farm, chickens are kept in cages.
On a traditional free-range farm, chickens are kept outdoors.

Listening – The History of Chocolate (1)

Where was cocoa first grown? Mexico
When was cocoa introduced to most of Europe? 16th century
Where was the first chocolate bar made? in England
Who was milk chocolate invented by? the Swiss
What new ingredient was used in milk chocolate? powdered milk

Listening – The History of Chocolate (2)

Spain and Portugal were the first countries in Europe to drink cocoa. TRUE
Chocolate was a very sweet drink. FALSE
Sugar and vanilla were added to make chocolate sweet. TRUE
A pound of chocolate is made with about 30 to 60 cocoa beans. FALSE
Most cocoa is now produced in West Africa. TRUE

Reading – How do you like your tea? (1)

Where is tea served in a glass? It is served in a glass in Turkey.
How is tea drunk in China? It is drunk from a bowl.
What kind of milk is added to tea in Mongolia? Yak's milk is added to the tea.
Where is the tea made with goat's milk? The tea is made with goat's milk in Tibet.
Which tea is made with cloves and other spices? The Indian tea called chai.
Reading – How do you like your tea? (2)
Tea is drunk in many different ways. TRUE
Tea is traditionally made with fresh mint in Russia. FALSE
Tea is made like a soup in Tibet. TRUE
Pepper is added to some teas in India. TRUE

Grammar – Subject / object questions with who / what / which

A Who did Harry visit yesterday? B His sister. She's in the hospital. OBJECT
A Who has a headache? B Jenny has a headache. SUBJECT
A Which hospital is closest? B Glenbrook Hospital is the closest. SUBJECT
A What does the doctor do on Mondays? B He has surgery. OBJECT
A Which medicine did she try? B She didn't try any of them. OBJECT (SUBJECT)
A What do acupuncturists use to treat patients? B They use needles. SUBJECT (OBJECT)
A Which pills did you take? B I took the painkillers. OBJECT

Vocabulary – Health
medicine
pills
conventional medicine
painkillers
alternative medicine
osteopathy
acupuncture
homeopathy
treatment

Vocabulary – Health

A I've had this cough for a month now. It won't go away.

B Have you tried alternative medicine?

A No, I haven't. I've just tried conventional medicine. I've been to the doctor twice now. I know

I don't want to have painkillers (acupuncture). I'm afraid of needles.

B It's nothing to be afraid of. You don't really feel anything.

A It's just the thought of the needles.

B I think you should try acupuncture (homeopathy).

A What's that?

B They give you tiny amounts of natural substances. I always use it when I have a sore throat.

A And does it work?

B Yeah, it's amazing. My sore throat starts getting better immediately. It's wonderful.

A OK, I'll try that.

B Have you tried any alternative medicines before?

A No, but my husband had osteopathy when he had backache. They worked on the muscles in his body.

B Did it work?

A Yeah, I think it did. He wasn't in pain any more, and he stopped taking treatmen (painkillers).
Vocabulary – Health
A What's the matter?
B My arm hurts.
A Are you OK?
B I have stomach ache and I feel sick.
A What's the problem?
B My head feels very hot. I think I've got a high temperature.
A Go home and take it well (easy).

Vocabulary plus: Dialogue – Health

A Hi, Simone. Do you feel any better today?

B No, I feel ('ve) still take (got) this terrible cold. I take ('ve got) a very high temperature and a

horrible headache.

A Yeah, your head feels very hot. I think you get ('ve got) flu. Have you seen a doctor?

B No, I'll go to the doctor this afternoon.

A Get (Have) you take (taken) any painkillers for your headache?

B Yeah, I have.

A You should feel (take) it easy today.

Language in Action: Dialogue – Managing a conversation

A Well you know, chickens are kept in terrible conditions. They are kept in large sheds and there are

40,000 chickens in a shed. They never go outside. It's awful.

B Can I say something? Not all chickens are factory farmed. My father's farm is a

traditional farm. The chickens on his farm are free-range. They spend most of their time outside and

they only eat grass and insects.

A Sorry to interrupt, but (As I was saying,) factory-farmed chickens are kept in terrible conditions.
They're

fed things that make them grow quickly. The poor things are ready for the table in thirty-nine days.
They

only live for five or six weeks and …

B As I was saying, (Sorry to interrupt, but) the chickens on my father's farm live a longer healthier life.

They are ready to eat in a hundred days.

C Can we talk about something else? I don't think I can eat my dinner if we continue to talk about

factory farming.

A Well, yeah OK. What do you want to talk about?

Dialogue – Verbs of movement
A What happened to you? You look like you’ve been in a fight.
B I got hit by a ball, that’s all. Jack kicked the ball and it hit me in the eye.
A Were you OK? (A Do you want to lie down?)
B I landed on my arm. I can’t lift anything now. (B No, I’m fine. I fell when the ball hit me, but then I
got up again right away.)
A Do you want to lie down? (A Were you OK?)
B No, I’m fine. I fell when the ball hit me, but then I got up again right away. (B I landed on my arm.
I can’t lift anything now.)
A Well, I think you should sit down.

Grammar – Past perfect

It's a mystery!
On the day my neighbor disappeared, his wife and mother were at the apartment. Before his
disappearance, everything was normal.
They talked (had talked) (talk) about their vacation.
They eaten (had eaten) (eat) lunch together.
Then, his wife and mother gone (had gone) (go) shopping.
When they got back, he disappeared (had disappeared). (disappear)
He cleaned (had cleaned) (clean) the apartment.
He left (had left) (leave) his cell phone on the coffee table in the living room.
He isn´t taken (hadn't taken) (not take) any clothes with him.
Nobody has seen or heard from him since.

Grammar – when clauses with the past simple and past perfect
Accidents will happen.
When the helicopter arrived (arrive), the hiker fell (had fallen) (fall) farther down the cliff.
She stopped (stop) breathing after her horse threw (had thrown) (throw) her.
'I fallen (had fallen) (fall) off my motorcycle when this man came to help me. He saved (save) my life!'
After they rescued (had rescued) (rescue) him from the house, the firefighters put outed (put out) (put
out) the fire.
When the ambulance got (get) there, the pilot died (had died). (die)
Reading – Kate Adie, journalist and author (1)
Girls like me didn't have careers.
People who didn't get scared got hit.
I never wanted to go to war zones, it just happened as part of the job.
If she was a young journalist today, she wouldn't be reporting from the frontline.

Reading – Kate Adie, journalist and author (2)

Kate Adie studied journalism at Newcastle University. FALSE
After she had graduated, she got a job as a teacher. FALSE
She had worked for radio before she worked for TV. TRUE
She was doing night shift when the Iranian embassy siege in London began. TRUE
She said that journalism has changed today. TRUE (FALSE)
Vocabulary plus – Verbs of movement
JUMP
RUN
CARRY
PULL
WALK
CLIMB
HANG
THROW
CATCH
FALL

Listening – The Diamond Necklace (1):

Jeanne de la Motte was a famous French thief.
She stole a very expensive diamond necklace.
Her husband sold the diamonds in Paris and London.
There was a trial and she went to prison.
She died when she fell from a window.
The French Revolution had already begun, when she died.
Listening – The Diamond Necklace (2)
Queen Marie Antoinette didn't want the diamond necklace. FALSE (TRUE)
Jeanne's husband bought the necklace. TRUE (FALSE)
Jeanne gave the necklace to the Queen and the Queen sold the diamonds. FALSE
After the cardinal had stolen the necklace, he was arrested. TRUE (FALSE)
Jeanne disguised herself as a boy to escape from prison. TRUE
The Queen went to the Guillotine after Jeanne had died. TRUE

Grammar – Reported speech

Example "You can sit down now," the police officer said.

The police officer said that I could sit down.

"The other officers are searching the house," said the police officer.

The police officer said that they were searching the house (said that the other officers were searching
the house).

"The two thieves were tall and muscular," I said.

I said that they are tall and (said that the two thieves were tall and) muscular.

"They don't have a gun," I said.

I said that they didn't have a gun.

"They took all my mother's jewelry," I said.

I said that they take all my mother's jewerly. (I said that they had taken all my mother's jewelry.)

"My dad woke up and came downstairs," I said.

I said that he wake up and come downstairs. (I said that my dad had woken up and come downstairs.)

"I am scared to be in the house alone now," I said.

I said that I were scared to be in the house alone. (I said that I was scared to be in the house alone
then.)

"We have recorded your answers to our questions," said the police officer.

The police officer said that they had recored your answers to our questions. (The police officer said
that they had recorded my answers to their questions.)

Grammar – say and tell

The man said that he liked the painting.
The girl said that her husband had survived the fall.
The vet told me that the dog's injuries weren't serious.
The doctor told Jamie that he had broken his arm.
The police officer told (said) that the diamond necklace was very valuable.
I said (told) the police officer that I hadn't seen anything.
Grammar – Reported speech

Last night, our house was robbed. The police officer asked us lots of questions.

Example Police Officer: Are you the owner of the house?

He asked my dad if he was the owner of the house.

Police Officer: Why didn't you report it sooner?

He asked us why we hadn't reported it sooner.

Police Officer: Have you moved anything?

He asked us if we had moved anything.

Police Officer: Why didn't you lock the front door?

He asked us why we hadn´t locked the front door (why we hadn't locked the front door).

Police Officer: Have they taken anything valuable?

He asked us if they had taken anything valuable.

Police Officer: Why is the safe open?

He asked us why we had opened (why the safe was open).

Vocabulary – Crime

A Did you hear about the robbery on Main Street on Saturday?

B No. What happened?

A Somebody stole (robbed) the bank.

B Did they steal any money?

A Yeah, they robbed (stole) $5,000.

B Did the police catch the bank robbers?

A No, they didn't. But that's not all. A thief stole some jewelry from the jewelry store.

Vocabulary plus – Verbs of movement:

We walk (were walking) in the hills when Tom had an accident. We climb (had) just jump (climbed)
down a steep hill when he fall (fell) and rolled down the hill into a river. I run (ran) to help him
and pull (jumped) in. Our friend, Pete, throw (threw) me a rope. I catch (caught) the rope, hang (hung)
onto it and he pull (pulled) us onto the riverbank. We called 9-1-1. They came and they carry (carried)
Tom on a stretcher for 5 miles to an ambulance. He had broken his ankle.

Vocabulary – Personality
amusing can make people laugh
pleasant nice, people like him/her
curious wants to know how everything works
patient waits calmly for a result
positive always thinks the best will happen
reliable always there when you need him/her
excited enthusiastic to do things
Vocabulary plus – Crime
JEWELRY
YRIMINALS (CRIMINALS)
STEAL
CRIME
THIEF
ROB
BANK ROBBER

Language in Action: Dialogue – Telling an anecdote

A Have you ever heard the story of the man who sold the Eiffel Tower?

B No.

A Anyway. (OK.) It's a great story so I'll tell you it. The year was 1925 and Paris had just recovered

from World War I. Victor Lustig was a very charming Austro-Hungarian who was fluent in several

languages. One day, he was sitting reading a newspaper. And there was this article about

the Eiffel Tower. It said that the city was having problems taking care of it. It was very expensive to

paint it. It was then that Victor had an idea. He invited six scrap metal dealers to the Hotel de Crillon.

He told them that the city didn't have enough money to look after the Tower and so they

wanted to sell it. Then he gave them a tour of the Tower and he asked them to put in their

bids the next day.

B And did anybody buy it?

A Yes, a Mr. Andre Poisson bought the Tower. After Mr. Poisson had paid him, Victor took a train to

Vienna with a suitcase full of cash.

B And did the police follow him?

A No, Poisson was too embarrassed to tell the police. And you'll never guess what!

B Come on, tell me.

A A month later, Victor came back to Paris and he tried to sell the Tower again!