Demon Analysis PDF

Acoustic Target Classification
(Computer Aided Classification)
Outline
1. Problem description
2. Target Detection
3. Acoustic analysis methods
4. Acoustic classification
5. Classification libraries
6. Applications and trends
Presented by Philip la Grange

(Computer Aided Classification)
Biological sounds
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
Problem Description
Detect an underwater sound without visual confirmation.
Need to identify the sound.
Only want to “shoot” at your enemy forces.
Don’t want to waste effort on non-target related sounds.
Adjust your tactics according to what you derive from the sound.
Target detection
Typical sonar detection systems
Intercept array
Towed array
Flank array Cylindrical array

Military sonar displays
PPI RANGE/BEARING
Classification
q
BEARING/TIME FREQUENCY/TIME BEARING/FREQUENCY
LOFAR
T T DEMON F
BTR
FRAZ
INTERCEPT
q F q
Introduction to spectrograms
a “chirp”
a FM pulse
SPECTROGRAM
(SONOGRAM)
SOUND AMPLITUDE
PATTERN INFORMATION
TRANSIENT SOUNDS
BECOMES LIES IN THE
AN IMAGE COLOR
Sonar sound analysis
DEMON
WATERFALL
LOFAR
WATERFALL
SOUND BECOMES
A PICTURE
Acoustic Analysis
LOFAR analysis FFT
DEMON analysis (envelope, rotation)

Demodulation, FFT
INTERCEPT analysis (pulse) STFT
TRANSIENT analysis (short duration)
SAN submarine
Post analysis of slow waterfall diagrams
Analysis of short spectrograms

Acoustic Classification
Propeller parameters
(NOB,NOS,RPM)
Engine parameters
(NOC,RPM,STROKE)
(Gearbox ratio)
Sonar transmission parameters

(typical pulse parameters)
Other transient sounds
Self noise identification

Acoustic Classification
Exact classification vs. generic classification.
“Exact” target parameters required “Rules”

in library
e.g. RPM>500 = Fishing vessel
Must have encountered the target
RPM>XXX = Torpedo
Intelligent rules
Classification Libraries
Propeller parameters
Engine parameters
Sonar transmission parameters
Transient sound spectrogram templates
Biological sound spectrogram templates

Applications (underwater)
Underwater surveillance
Classify vessel sounds
Classify sonar transmissions
Classify transient sounds
Identify biological sounds
Applications (above water)
Above water & land surveillance

Classify land vehicles, aerial platforms
Classify transient sounds (e.g. shots, breakages)
Identify biological sounds
Results
Spectrogram analysis
(picture, 5 min - no sound)
Number of blades = 4
Shaft rate = XXX rpm
4,3,2,1 shaft rate
Results
(picture, no sound) Input signal
Spectrogram correlation advantages

template
• Work in high noise
• Maximize processing gain
C orrelation result
1
• Attractive side lobes
0.5
-0.5
-1
1 2
Results
Input signal
(picture, no sound)

template
• Can tolerate small variations (do not
need an exact replica in database)
Very useful for biological sounds C orrelation result
1
• compare to matched filtering 0.5
-0.5
-1
1 2
Results
Input signal
(picture, no sound)
Input signal
• Tolerate multi-path
• Reverberation / echo removal
• Image processing benefits
Input signal analysed

Results
Input signal
(picture, no sound)
Spectrogram correlation advantages template

• 2nd syllable of humpback whale C orrelation result
1
• more appropriate than matched filter
0.5
-0.5
-1
20 40 60 80 100 120
Results
(picture, no sound) 500 * 1k FFT
N2=250
0.1 Megapixel
• Post-processing speed 1 second = 100 pixels = M
• x10 (1/10th of image) STFFT: 100 * N log (N) = 1M complex = 2M
(x40) Matrix correlation = M * (M * N2) = 2M
Time correlation = (Fs)2 = 2G
• Classification library search F domain convolution (2s) = 4M complex = 8M
• “pictures” that do not interfere

Summary
Overview of acoustic classification with traditional processing
Difference between exact and rule based classification
Potential to post (mission) process traditional Lofargrams & Demongrams

without access to the raw data (amplitude is in the image)
Ability to improve both detection and classification of known pulses with

spectrogram correlation
Ability to identify (classify) a wide range of transient sounds by spectrogram

pattern matching rapidly in a very large database
New opportunities for smart waveform design and extensive use of

available bandwidth
End
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Acoustic Target Classification

(Computer Aided Classification)

Presented by Philip la Grange

Detect an underwater sound without visual confirmation.

Need to identify the sound.

Only want to “shoot” at your enemy forces.

Don’t want to waste effort on non-target related sounds.

Typical sonar detection systems

Flank array Cylindrical array

BEARING/TIME FREQUENCY/TIME BEARING/FREQUENCY

LOFAR analysis FFT

DEMON analysis (envelope, rotation)

INTERCEPT analysis (pulse) STFT

TRANSIENT analysis (short duration)

Analysis of short spectrograms

Sonar transmission parameters

Other transient sounds

Self noise identification

Exact classification vs. generic classification.

“Exact” target parameters required “Rules”

Transient sound spectrogram templates

Biological sound spectrogram templates

Above water & land surveillance

Spectrogram correlation advantages

Spectrogram correlation advantages

• compare to matched filtering 0.5

Input signal analysed

Spectrogram correlation advantages template

• Classification library search F domain convolution (2s) = 4M complex = 8M

• “pictures” that do not interfere

Overview of acoustic classification with traditional processing

Difference between exact and rule based classification

Potential to post (mission) process traditional Lofargrams & Demongrams

Ability to improve both detection and classification of known pulses with

Ability to identify (classify) a wide range of transient sounds by spectrogram

New opportunities for smart waveform design and extensive use of

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