fridrix nicSe

antiqriste

wyevla qristianobas

gamomcemloba „aqti“

Tbilisi _ 2020
germanulidan Targmna vaxtang gorgiSelma

redaqtori: giorgi TavaZe

© ibooks

gamomcemloba „aqti“, 2020 weli

Filosoph199@gmail.com
tel: 591922123

ISBN 978-9941-8-0686-5
mTargmnelis winasityva........................................................5

giorgi TavaZe _ nicSes „antiqriste“ da

orad gaxleCili istoria......................................................7

antiqriste ..........................................................................23

wyevla qristianobas..........................................................113

SeniSvnebi......................................................................117-123

3
 vaxtang gorgiSeli _ germanuli enisa da literaturis
specialisti, mTargmneli. Targmnili aqvs zigmund froidis,
fridrix nicSes, ludvig vitgenStainis, ludvig binsvangeris,
edmund huserlis, artur Sopenhaueris da sxva moazrovneTa
naSromebi.

giorgi TavaZe _ filosofiis doqtori (2013 w.), qar-

Tul-amerikuli universitetis profesori filosofiis
mimarTulebiT. misi kvlevis sferoebia moralisa da poli-
tikis filosofia, postkoloniuri da posttotalitaruli
kvlevebi da filosofiuri geografia. giorgi TavaZes qarTu-
lad Targmnili aqvs fridrix nicSes, jon diuis, Tomas peinis,
karl Smitis, imanuel kantis da sxva moazrovneTa naSromebi.

4
 mTargmnelis winasityva

fridrix nicSe udaod yvelaze gamorCeuli da araerTaz-

rovani filosofosia XIX saukuneSi, romelmac SeZlo, epoq-
is umniSvnelovanes problemebs Sexeboda arcTu xangrZlivi
moRvaweobis ganmavlobaSi. erT-erTi fundamenturi mis Semo-
qmedebaSi aris Tema religiisa, ufro viwrod ki qristianobis.
germanuli sityva „Antichrist“ niSnavs, rogorc „antiqristes“,
aseve, „antiqristians“. aRniSnuli naSromiT nicSe cdilobs
qristianobis ara mxolod rogorc rwmenisa da praqtikis
delegitimizirebas, aramed aseve, rogorc eTikur-moralu-
ri sistemisa, romelic dasavlurma civilizaciam miiRo mis-
gan memkvidreobiT. es wigni SesaZloa CaiTvalos ganviTarebad
misi ideebisa, romlebic qristianobas exeba da gadmocemulia
wignebSi „sikeTisa da borotebis miRma“ da „moralis genealo-
gia“, gansakuTrebiT ki azrisa, rom Tanamedrove morali aris
WeSmariti, keTilSobili moralis inversia. am mizeziT mis
ukanasknel naSromTa ZiriTadi ideebis gacnobiereba arsebi-
Tia „antiqristeSi“ gadmocemuli ideebis gasagebad. aseT ide-
aTagan erT-erT umniSvnelovaness warmoadgens is, rom qris-
tianobam adamianebi nihilistebad da sustebad aqcia, Seracxa
ra sibraluli da masTan dakavSirebuli grZnobebi umaRles
Rirsebebad. aq, iseve, rogorc „moralis genealogiaSi“, nicSe
am RirebulebaTa warmomavlobas Zvel ebraelebTan akvlevs,
romlebic romis batonobis qveS cxovrobdnen, magram am Ri-
rebulebebs amjerad ganixilavs RmerTis Sesaxeb maTi warmod-
genis TvalsazrisiT. nicSe amtkicebs, rom odesRac ebrael-
Ta RmerTi ganasaxierebda amayi da Zlieri eris keTilSobil
Rirsebebs, magram mas Semdeg, rac isini romaelebs daemorCil-

5
nen, maTi RmerTi Cagruli, ganawyenebuli adamianebis „Rirse-
bebis“ (romlebic grZnobebs ufro hgavs) gansaxierebad iqca.
Semdgom amisa nicSe ramdenime fragments uTmobs qristia-
nobisa da budizmis dapirispirebas manus kodeqsis teqstis
safuZvelze da gvixatavs iesos suraTs, romelsac, praqtiku-
lad, TiTqos budisturad ecxovros. avtoris gansakuTrebuli
risxva atydeba Tavs pavle mociquls, romelmac istoriulad
marTebuli ieso, ieso „nazareveli“ aqcia ieso „qristed“ da
iesos mier gandevnili mRvdelmsaxurebi eklesiaSi daabru-
na, riTic institutis Seqmnas Cauyara safuZveli. amasTanave,
nicSe amtkicebs, rom qristianobis moraluri da metafiziku-
ri principebi, romlebsac is dekadenturad Tvlis, imdenad
gaujda dasavlur filosofias, rom filosofosebi uneburad
icaven am principebs maSinac ki, rodesac RmerTi maT Teorieb-
Si ar gvxvdeba.
imavdroulad, nicSes araferi aqvs sawinaaRmdego iesos
pirovnebisa, ambobs ra, rom is iyo erTaderTi qristiani, Tum-
ca mas calsaxad mokvdavad da gzas acdenilad miiCnevs, sa-
pirispirod WeSmariti tipisa, romelsac igi mxars uWers di-
onisuri gmiris miseuli koncefciiT.
sabolood unda iTqvas, rom cdilobs ra gadasinjos
dasavluri faseulobebi, rasac iudeur-qristianul tradici-
aTa gavlenis ganadgurebiT gulisxmobs, „antiqriste“ friad
winaaRmdegobriv wigns, meore mxriv ki stimulis safuZvels
warmoadgens filosofosTa momdevno TaobebisTvis.

vaxtang gorgiSeli

6
 nicSes „antiqriste“ da orad gaxleCili istoria

1888 wlis dekembris dasawyisSi danieli kritikosis georg

brandesisadmi (1842-1927 ww.) gankuTvnili werilis „Sav“ ver-
siaSi nicSe werda: „Zvirfaso megobaro, saWirod mimaCnia, ram-
denime umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxi gagiziaroT. patiosan sity-
vas gaZlevT, rom istorias ukan movitovebT. Cven did, sulac
udiades politikaSi SevabijeT... me vamzadeb movlenas, rome-
lic, Zalian didi albaTobiT, istorias or nawilad gaxleCs.
saqme iqamde miva, rom Cven axali welTaRricxva gveqneba, ro-
melSic 1888 weli pirvel wlad mogvevlineba. [...] sam TveSi
daviwyeb zrunvas, raTa gamoqveyndes Cemi xelnaweri saTau-
riT „antiqriste. yvela Rirebulebis gadafaseba“. es sruli-
ad saidumlod unda darCes. es gamocema saagitacio gamocema
iqneba. me mWirdeba Targmanebi yvela ZiriTad evropul enaze.
rodesac naSromi gamoqveynebisTvis mzad iqneba, pirveli ga-
mocemisTvis saWiro iqneba milioni egzemplari TiToeul
enaze.“1
„antiqriste“, albaT, nicSes yvelaze ufro metad skanda-
luri nawarmoebia. skandaluria misi debulebebi, misi toni
da manera. avtori TiTqos gacofebulia qristianobiT, mZv-
invarebs imis gamo, rom qristianoba saerTod arsebobs da
ar iSurebs salanZRav sityvebs da sarkastul SeniSvnebs mis
mimarT. ukve qvesaTauri _ „wyevla qristianobas“ _ nawarmoe-
bis ukiduresad daZabul atmosferos amJRavnebs. ramdenime
nawyvetis wakiTxvac sakmarisia, raTa mkiTxvelma Soki miiRos:

------------------------------------
1. ix. An Georg Brandes in Kopenhagen (Entwurf). Anfang Dezember 1888.
http://www.nietzschesource.org/#eKGWB/BVN-1888,1170 (wvdoma ganxor-
cielda: 12.12.2019)

7
 (18):2 „RmerTis qristianuli gageba _ RmerTi rogorc davr-
domilTa RmerTi, RmerTi rogorc oboba, RmerTi rogorc
suli _ erT-erTi yvelaze Seryvnili gagebaa, rac ki odesme
arsebula dedamiwaze. SesaZloa, is imis sazomic ki iyos, sadam-
de SeiZleba daeSvas RvTaebis tipi mis daRmaval ganviTareba-
Si. RmerTi, romelic sicocxlis winaaRmdegobad gadagvarda,
nacvlad imisa, rom misi Suqfena da maradiuli damkvidreba
yofiliyo!“

(21): „qristianoba _ es aris gonebis, siamayis, mamacobis, Ta-

visuflebis siZulvili; esaa gonebis garyvnileba. qristianoba
aris grZnobebis, grZnobaTa sixarulis, zogadad sixarulis
siZulvili...“

(46): „amaod veZebdi „axal aRTqmaSi“ erT simpaTiur Tvise-

bas mainc: masSi araferia iseTi, rasac SeiZleba Tavisufali,
keTili, gulwrfeli, patiosani vuwodoT. adamianoba aq arc
ki gamovlenila, ar gvxvdeba sisufTavis instinqtebi... „axal
aRTqmaSi“ mxolod uvargisi instinqtebia da ar hyofniT sima-
mace Tavad am uvargis instinqtebTan mimarTebaSic ki. sruli
simxdale, Tvalebis daxuWva da TviTmotyueba _ ai, ra aris
masSi. nebismieri wigni sufTad mogeCvenebaT, Tuki mas „axali
aRTqmis“ Semdeg waikiTxavT.“

mkiTxvelis pirvel reaqcias _ Soks _ SesaZloa, brazi

da guliswyroma mohyves. amis Sedegi SesaZloa iyos nicSes
pirovnebis demonizeba (rasac xels uwyobs nicSes mier saku-
Tari Tavis antiqristed pozicionireba) da mTeli misi Semo-
qmedebis xelaRebiT ukugdeba. iseTi provokaciuli teqstis
SemTxvevaSi, rogoric „antiqristea“, amgvari ram gamoricxu-

------------------------------------
2. aq da qvemoT frCxilebSi moyvanili ricxvi miuTiTebs „antiqristes“
Sesabamis qveTavs.

8
li arc aris. SesaZloa, swored amitom miiCnevda nicSe am naS-
roms mxolod rCeulebisTvis, adamianTa Zalian mcirericx-
ovani wrisTvis gankuTvnilad.3 Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom im
SemTxvevaSic, Tuki „antiqristes“ nicSes filosofiiT daint-
eresebuli adamiani pirvelad kiTxulobs, es nawarmoebi, al-
baT, misTvisac mZime iqneba. „mZime“ im azriT, rom 1888 wels
dawerili „kerpebis mwuxrisa“ da „Ecce homo“-sgan gansxvave-
biT, romlebic stilisturad Zalian mravalferovani nawar-
moebebia, „antiqriste“ monoliTur kritikas warmoadgens.
kritika modis niaRvrad, Rvarcofad, mewyrad: azvirTebul
braldebebs gesliani SeniSvnebi (volteris yaidaze) enacv-
leba, rasac kvlav gamanadgurebeli sityvebis korianteli
mosdevs. mkiTxveli ganuwyvetliv ibombeba antiqristianuli
WurvebiT, mas wuTieri Sesvenebis saSualebac ki ara aqvs da
iZulebulia, bolomde Seiwovos nicSes zekritikuli nakadi,
rasac, SesaZloa, damTrgunveli efeqtic ki hqondes.
Tumca, ra SeiZleba iTqvas rigiT mkiTxvelebze, rodesac
„antiqriste“ Tavad specialistebSic ki Soks iwvevda. german-
eli filosofosi artur drevsi (1865-1935 ww.), romelic ie-
sos istoriul arsebobas uaryofda, 1904 wels werda, rom
„antiqriste“ kritika ki araa, aramed uSveri lanZRva-gine-
ba da rom mTeli nawarmoebi Seukavebeli afeqtis Semotevis
Sedegadaa dawerili. aq Tavs iCens tendencia, romelic „an-
tiqristes“ da nicSes sxva gviandel nawarmoebebs nicSes SeS-
lilobas ukavSirebs da uaryofs maT filosofiur Rirebule-
bas.4

------------------------------------
3. ix. winasityvaoba: „es wigni mxolod rCeulebs ekuTvnis.“
4. Sdr. A. Urs-Sommer, Kommentar zu Nietzsches ‘Der Antichrist’, ‘Ecce homo’,
‘Dionysos-Dithyramben’, ‘Nietzsche contra Wagner’, Berlin/Boston: Walter de
Gruyter, 2013, gv. 15.

9
 Tumca, 1960-iani wlebis Semdgom nicSes cnobilma mkvle-
varma macino montinarim (1928-1986 ww.) Tavisi gamokvleve-
biT sruliad axal safexurze aiyvana nicSes Semoqmedebis
mecnieruli Seswavla. nicSes arqivSi arsebul werilobiT wy-
aroebze miTiTebiT montinarim damajereblad daasabuTa, rom
1888 wels nicSem ukuagdo Tavisi gegma, daewera naSromi sa-
TauriT „Zalauflebisadmi neba“, romelic nicSes dis _
elizabeT fiorster-nicSes _ mier gamoqveynebuli gayalbebu-
li gamocemebis meSveobiT nicSemcodneobaSi didi xnis ganmav-
lobaSi nicSes sakuTriv naSromad miiCneoda.5
montinaris aRmoCena miuTiTebs, rom nicSes mier 1888 wels
gamoqveynebul, an gamosaqveyneblad momzadebul nawarmoebeb-
Si Tavs iCens ara SeSlilobis momentebi, aramed axali faza
germaneli filosofosis SemoqmedebaSi (romelic SemdegSi
SeSlilobam gadafara). „antiqristes“ (iseve rogorc „kerpebis
mwuxris“ da „Ecce homo“-s) teqstis warmoSobis istoria amas
TvalnaTliv aCvenebs.
1888 wlis agvistos miwuruls nicSem Seadgina Tavisi mo-
mavali naSromis monaxazi. es unda yofiliyo oTxtomiani naS-
romi saerTo saTauriT „Zalauflebisadmi neba. yvela Rire-
bulebis gadafasebis mcdeloba“. aRsaniSnavia, rom jer kidev
1887 wels gamoqveynebul „moralis genealogias“ Tan erTvoda
nicSes gamoqveynebuli da gamoqveynebisTvis mosamzadebeli
naSromebis sia. am ukanasknel kategoriaSi Sedioda swored
oTxtomiani „Zalauflebisadmi nebac“.6
1888 wlis seqtembris dasawyisSi nicSes gegmebi Seicvala.
amjerad, dagegmili naSromis saerTo saTauria „yvela Ri-
rebulebis gadafaseba“, xolo pirveli wignis saTauria: „an-
tiqriste. qristianobis kritikis mcdeloba“. imave periodSi

------------------------------------

5. ix. M. Montinari, “Nietzsches Nachlass von 1885 bis 1888 oder Textkritik und
Wille zur Macht”, in: M. Montinari, Nietzsche lesen, Berlin/New-York: Walter de
Gruyter, 1982, gv. 92-119.
6. Sdr. A. Urs-Sommer, Kommentar zu Nietzsches ‘Der Antichrist’ [...], gv. 4.

10
igi intensiurad muSaobs „fsiqologis usaqmurobaze“, romlis
saboloo saTauric „kerpebis mwuxri“ gaxda. „kerpebis mwuxr-
Si“ gamouyenebeli masala nicSem SemdgomSi „antiqristeSi“ ga-
moiyena.7
„gadafasebis“ pirvel wignze, anu „antiqristeze“ muSaoba
nicSem 30 seqtembers daasrula. jer kidev 1888 wlis 14 seqtem-
bers igi wers Tavis megobars franc oferbeks (1837-1905 ww.):
„Cemda gasakvirad, ukve saboloo saxe miveci Cemi „yvela Rire-
bulebis gadafasebis“ pirveli wignis naxevars. mas iseTi ener-
gia da gamWvirvaloba aqvs, romelsac, albaT, jer verc erTma
filosofosma ver miaRwia. iseTi SegrZneba maqvs, TiTqos wera
erTbaSad viswavle. rac Seexeba Sinaarssa da problemis siR-
rmes, unda iTqvas, rom es naSromi aTaswleulebs kveTs. Cvens
Soris darCes da pirvel wigns „antiqriste“ ewodeba. SemiZlia
davifico, rom yvelaferi, rac aqamde qristianobis kritikis
WrilSi iyo moazrebuli da naTqvami, masTan SedarebiT ubra-
lo bavSvurobaa.“8 a. urs-zomeris azriT, amieridan „yvela
Rirebulebis gadafaseba“ nicSes mTavari amocana xdeba, xolo
sxva yvelaferi nicSesTvis ukve am diadi amocanis Semzadebas,
mis preludias warmoadgens.9
sainteresoa nicSes SemoqmedebiT laboratoriaze Tvalis
midevneba. oqtomberSi oTxtomiani „gadafasebis“ idea isev
ZalaSi rCeba. „isini cal-calke unda gamoqveyndnen“, _ wers
nicSe oferbeks 18 oqtombers. 30 oqtombers hainrix kiozeli-

------------------------------------
7. Sdr. g. TavaZe, „fridrix nicSe da misi kerpebis mwuxri“. wignSi: f.
nicSe, „kerpebis mwuxri“, anu rogor filosofosoben CaquCiT“, Targmna
g. TavaZem, Tbilisi: „nekeri“, 2018 w., gv. 5-6; A. Urs-Sommer, Kommentar zu
Nietzsches ‘Der Antichrist’ [...], gv. 5.
8. ix. An Franz Overbeck in Basel. 14. September 1888. http://www.ni-
etzschesource.org/#eKGWB/BVN-1888,1115 (wvdoma ganxorcielda:
12.12.2019).
9. ix. A. Urs-Sommer, Kommentar zu Nietzsches ‘Der Antichrist’ [...], gv. 5.

11
cisadmi miweril werilSi nicSe ukve Ecce homo-s axsenebs, rom-
lis dasrulebazec 13-14 noembriT daTariRebul werilebSi
saubrobs.
Tumca, noemberSi nicSe gadawyvets, rom mas ukve aRar esaW-
iroeba oTxtomiani „gadafaseba“. „gadafasebis“ pirveli wigni
_ „antiqriste“ _ mTlian „gadafasebad“ iqceva. formulis sax-
iT rom gamovxatoT, 1888 wlis noembridan „antiqriste“ = „yve-
la Rirebulebis gadafaseba“. „yvela Rirebulebis gadafaseba
mzadaa“, _ atyobinebs igi georg brandess 1888 wlis 20 no-
embers. „Cemi yvela Rirebulebis gadafaseba ZiriTadi saTau-
riT antiqriste mzadaa. momdevno ori wlis ganmavlobaSi unda
vimoqmedo, raTa naSromi Svid enaze iTargmnos. pirveli ga-
mocema TiToeul enaze daaxloebiT milioni egzemplari unda
iyos“,10 _ werda nicSe Tavisi bavSvobis megobars paul doisens
(1845-1919 ww.) 1888 wlis 26 noembers. garda amisa, igi doisens
atyobinebs, rom daasrula muSaoba „kerpebis mwuxrsa“ da „Ecce
homo“-ze.
nicSes werilebidan irkveva, rom mas Cafiqrebuli hqonda
„antiqristes“ Targmanebis gamoqveyneba. igi amis Sesaxeb „Ecce
homo“-Sic saubrobs: „mexis dartymasaviT Zlieri gadafase-
bis gamoCenamde (romelic mTel dedamiwas Searyevs) ori wliT
adre, msoflios mivuZRveni vagneris saqme.“11 amasTan dakav-
SirebiT saintereso miniSneba aqvs a. urs-zomers. rogorc igi
aRniSnavs, frangi mwerlis pol burJes (1852-1935 ww.) romanSi
„siyvarulis danaSauli“ (1886 w.), romelic nicSesTvis cnobili
iyo, antiqristes movlinebis wlad 1890 welia gamocxadebuli.
didi albaTobiT, nicSes dagegmili Jesti am faqtze aluziasac
warmoadgenda.12

------------------------------------
10. ix. An Paul Deussen in Berlin. 26. November 1888. http://www.ni-
etzschesource.org/#eKGWB/BVN-1888,1159 (wvdoma ganxorcielda:
12.12.2019).
11. ix. f. nicSe, „Ecce homo. rogor xdeba adamiani is, rac is aris“,
Targmna g. TavaZem, Tbilisi: „nekeri“, 2011 w., gv. 112.
12. Sdr. A. Urs-Sommer, Kommentar zu Nietzsches ‘Der Antichrist’ [...], gv. 7.
12
 nicSes sulieri katastrofis Semdeg, ra Tqma unda, zedmeti
iyo saubari „antiqristes“ im saxiT gamoqveynebaze, rogorc es
germanel filosofoss surda. aRniSnuli teqsti pirvelad ga-
moqveynda 1895 wels franc koegelis mier gamocemuli nicSes
Txzulebebis farglebSi. Tumca, nicSes dis Carevis Sedegad,
amoRebul iqna mTeli rigi pasaJebi, romlebic „sazogadoe-
bisTvis miuReblad“ iqna CaTvlili. „antiqristes“ pirveli
mecnierulad Semowmebuli teqsti mxolod 1969 wels gamo-
qveynda jiorjio kolisa da macino montinaris mier.
is, rom „antiqristes“ Tavis gviandel periodSi nicSe
gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas aniWebda, dasturdeba Ecce homo-Si
gabneuli „Semamzadebeli“ frazebiT. zemoT ukve moviyvaneT
erTi aseTi adgili (Ecce homo, vagneris saqme, 4), sadac nicSe
mianiSnebs „gadafasebis“ gamocemis wels. „vagneris saqme“ 1888
wels gamoqveynda. Sesabamisad, nicSe auwyebs Tavis mkiTx-
velebs, rom ori wlis Semdeg „did siurprizs“ unda elodon.
am pasaJis garda pirdapir miniSnebas gvaZlevs Ecce homo-s
winasityvaobac. pirvelive winadadeba aseTia: „imis gaTval-
iswinebiT, rom umokles droSi kacobriobas iseTi umZimesi
moTxovna unda wavuyeno, romlis msgavsic jer aravis wauy-
enebia misTvis, aucileblad mimaCnia, vTqva, Tu vin var me.“13
„umZimes moTxovnaSi“ nicSe „antiqristes“ (= yvela Rire-
bulebis gadafaseba) gulisxmobs. qveTavSi „ratom var be-
diswera“ (1-eli paragrafi) nicSe kvlav ubrundeba „gadafase-
bis“ sakiTxs da wers: „yvela Rirebulebis gadafaseba: Cemi
es formula kacobriobis TviTcnobierebis uzenaes aqts ga-
moxatavs, romelmac CemSi Seisxa sisxli da xorci.“14 nicSe
sakuTar Tavs „yvela Rirebulebis gadafasebis“ ganmaxor-
cieleblad gaiazrebs, xolo Tavad nawarmoebis gamoqveyneba,
misi azriT, dedamiwas Searyevs da orad gaxleCs istorias.

------------------------------------

13. ix. f. nicSe, „Ecce homo. rogor xdeba adamiani is, rac is aris“,
gv. 17.
14. iqve, gv. 113 (Targmani Secvlilia).

13
Ecce homo, faqtiurad, amzadebs mkiTxvels am diadi mov-
lenisTvis da mas nicSes avtobiografiul xedvas sTavazobs.15
rac Seexeba „kerpebis mwuxrs“, is mokled moxazavs nicSes fi-
losofiis ZiriTad momentebs, maT rekapitulacias axdens da
isev da isev, gadamwyveti momentisTvis amzadebs mkiTxvels.
amrigad, nicSes Semoqmedebis gviandel fazaSi „kerpebis mwux-
ri“ da „Ecce homo“ „antiqristes“ Semamzadebel safexurebad
gvevlinebian.
„antiqristeSi“ nicSes mier ganxorcielebuli qristianobis
kritikis analizi winamdebare mcire statiis mizans ar war-
moadgens. es calke, ufro vrceli gamokvlevis Temaa. Cemi mi-
zani iyo, meCvenebina, rom es nawarmoebi organul bmaSia nicSes
gviandeli periodis nawarmoebebTan. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is
nicSes Semoqmedebis ukanaskneli Zaxilis niSania, mkveTri da
avbediTi erTdroulad. Tumca, oriode sityviT mainc Sevex-
ebi, Tu risi Tqma surda nicSes am nawarmoebiT: qristiano-
bas nicSe dekadansis, gadagvarebis cnebis WrilSi ganixilavs.
zogierTi avtoris azriT, qristianobis nicSeseuli kritika
ganuyrel kavSirSia nicSes mier dekadansis diskursis ga-
moyenebasTan.16 1-7-e qveTavebSi nicSe akritikebs dekadentur
Rirebulebebs ufro Zlieri, sicocxlis ganmamtkicebeli Ri-
rebulebebis perspeqtividan. me-8-14-e qveTavebSi kritikis
obieqti xdeba dasavluri filosofia, romelsac nicSe Te-
ologiis mier gadagvarebulad miiCnevs. me-15-e qveTavSi
nicSe amtkicebs, rom qristianoba sinamdviles uaryofs warm-
osaxviTis sasargeblod, me-16-19-e qveTavebi ki RmerTis qris-

------------------------------------
15. amis Sesaxeb ix. ufro vrclad g. TavaZe, „adamiani-dinamiti. frid-
rix nicSes pirovneba da misi amocana Ecce homo-s mixedviT“, wignSi: f.
nicSe, „Ecce homo. rogor xdeba adamiani is, rac is aris“, Targmna g.
TavaZem, Tbilisi: „nekeri“, 2011 w., gv. 239 da Smd.
16. ix., mag., G. Moore, Nietzsche, “Degeneration, and the Critique of Chris-
tianity”, in: Journal of Nietzsche Studies, No. 19, Special Issue: Nietzsche and
Religion (Spring 2000), gv. 1-18.

14
tianuli cnebis kritikas eTmoba. me-20-23-e qveTavebSi erTma-
neTTanaa Sedarebuli budizmi da qristianoba. amasTan, nicSe
upiratesobas budizms aniWebs, radgan is naklebadaa dainter-
esebuli warmosaxviTi samyaroTi. 24-e qveTavidan iwyeba qris-
tianobis warmoSobis, ganviTarebisa da zegavlenis analizi,
romelic, mcireodeni gadaxvevebis miuxedavad, nawarmoebis
dasasrulamde grZeldeba.17 me sagangebod gamovyofdi erT
moments, romelic gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia:
nicSe mkveTrad upirispirebs erTmaneTs iesosa da pavle mo-
ciqulis figurebs. igi Tvlis, rom ieso, upirveles yovlisa,
praqtikuli moralis mqadagebeli da am praqtikis Tavisi si-
cocxliT ganmaxorcielebeli pirovneba iyo: „macxovris cx-
ovreba sxva araferi iyo, Tu ara es praqtika. misi sikvdilic
am praqtikis CarCoebSi jdeba... mas ar sWirdeboda aranairi
formula da rituali RmerTTan urTierTobisTvis, locvac ki
aRar iyo misTvis saWiro. igi srulad ganudga monaniebisa da
Serigebis iudaur moZRvrebas. misTvis cnobilia, rom mxolod
cxovrebiseuli praqtikis meSveobiT SegiZlia ganicado saku-
Tari „RvTiuroba“, „netareba“, „saxarebiseuloba“ (33). aseTma
pasaJebma warmoSva miTi nicSes, rogorc „RmerTs mowyurebu-
li uRmerTos“ Sesaxeb. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom miuxedavad
imisa, rom nicSe iyenebs terminebs „macxovari“ da „RmerTi“,
qriste misTvis RvTis Ze, samebis wevri araa. „araferia ufro
metad araqristianuli, vidre uxeSi eklesiuri cnebebi: Rmer-
Ti, rogorc pirovneba; „RvTis sasufeveli“, romelic dadge-
ba; imqveyniuri „zeciuri sasufeveli“, „RvTis Ze“, rogorc
samebis meore wevri“ (34). iesos pirovneba da misi moRvaweoba
nicSesTvis mxolod miwier, amqveyniur WrilSi aRiqmeba. nicSes
Tanaxmad, es iyo pirovneba, romelic qadagebda da cxovrobda
ise, rogorc qadagebda. nicSes qristes fsiqologiuri tipaJis
dadgena ainteresebs: „rac Semexeba me, CemTvis macxovris fsiq-
ologiuri tipia saintereso. is saxarebebSic ki SeiZleboda

------------------------------------

17. Sdr. A. Urs-Sommer, Kommentar zu Nietzsches ‘Der Antichrist’ [...], gv. 10-11.

15
yofiliyo SenarCunebuli, isev da isev am saxarebebis miuxeda-
vad, romlebic amaxinjebdnen da ucxo TvisebebiT amkobdnen
mas. ase iqna francisk asizeli SenarCunebuli mis Sesaxeb leg-
endebSi, Tavad am legendebis sapirispirod. Cven ar gvainter-
esebs imis garkveva, Tu ra gaakeTa man sinamdvileSi, ra Tqva,
rogor mokvda; mniSvnelovania kiTxva, SesaZlebelia Tu ara
misi tipis warmodgena, gvaZlevs Tu ara „gadmocema“ sakmaris
masalas mis warmosadgenad“ (29).
xolo vin aris pavle mociquli, nicSes perspeqtivis Tanax-
mad? germaneli filosofosi Tvlis, rom pavlem daamaxinja
iesos moZRvreba da is sakuTar interesebs, Zalauflebisadmi
sakuTar ltolvas moargo. pavle nicSesTvis mRvdlis pirvel-
nimuSia, romelTa mimarT nicSe ukidures salanZRav sityvebs
ar iSurebs. ratom? imitom, rom nicSes azriT, pavle (da yve-
la Semdgomi mRvdeli Tu klerikali) qadagebda imqveyniuri
samyaros primats (romelic, nicSesTvis, rogorc aTeistisT-
vis, ubralod ar arsebobs) da moralur Rirebulebebs (sust,
gadagvarebul Rirebulebebs jansaRi Rirebulebebis sapirisp-
irod), romlebSic Sefaruli iyo Zalauflebisadmi, sxvebis
kontrolisadmi maTi neba. „pavlem ubralod iesos mTeli arse-
bobis simZimis centri am arsebobis miRma _ „mkvdreTiT aRm-
dgari“ iesos Sesaxeb sicrueSi _ gadaitana. [...] misi moTxov-
nileba Zalaufleba iyo. pavles saxiT mRvdelma kidev erTxel
isurva Zalaufleba. mas mxolod cnebebi, moZRvrebebi, simbo-
loebi sWirdeboda, romlebiTac masebis tiranizebas axdenen
da naxirs qmnian. _ ra iyo is erTaderTi ram, rasac mogvi-
anebiT muhamedi qristianobas daesesxa? pavles gamogoneba,
mRvdlebis tiraniisa da naxiris Camoyalibebis miseuli xerxi:
ukvdavebis rwmena, anu moZRvreba „gankiTxvis dRis“ Sesax-
eb...“18 (42) „mRvdlis“ fsiqologiuri tipi erTaderTi araa,

------------------------------------
18. marTalia, qvemoT nicSe, qristianobasTan SedarebiT, islams ani-
Webs upiratesobas (59), Tumca aRniSnuli pasaJi adasturebs, rom ar-
sebiTad, yvela religiis damfuZneblis mTavar mamoZravebel motivad
mas Zalauflebisadmi SeniRbuli neba miaCnda.
16
romelsac nicSe upirispirdeba. mas winamorbedi hyavs sokrates
saxiT, romelsac nicSe „kerpebis mwuxrSi“ akritikebs.19 swored
sokratea Zalauflebisaken SeniRbuli nebis arqetipuli, anu
pirveladi gamoxatuleba. sokrates platoni hyavda, iesos _
pavle (Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom iesos figuras nicSe ufro
dadebiTad afasebs, vidre sokrates pirovnebas). orive maT-
ganma _ platonmac da pavlemac _ nicSes azriT, gamogonil
samyaros, anu imqveyniurobas, saiqios mianiWes upiratesoba
erTaderT realur, amqveyniur samyarosTan SedarebiT.20 Ses-
abamisad, maTi morali ararealobaze, araferze dafuZnebuli
moralia, romlis namdvili mizani Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdeba
da masebze gabatonebaa. filosofiis udides Secdomad nicSe
am yalbi dixotomiis (amqveyniuri samyaro _ imqveyniuri samya-
ro) aRiarebas da masze damyarebiT mTeli ontologiur-eTi-
kuri sistemebis agebas miiCnevs.
„yvela Rirebulebis gadafaseba“ swored am siyalbis ga-
moaaSkaravebas isaxavs miznad. nicSe aRSfoTebulia imiT, rom
mTeli dasavluri azrovneba (misi SefasebiT) am yalb wanamZ-
Rvrebs emyareboda.21 saWiroa moralis safuZvelmdebare

------------------------------------
19. ix. f. nicSe, „kerpebis mwuxri“, anu rogor filosofoseben Caqu-
CiT“, sokrates problema, gv. 41-48.
20. platonis da pavlesgan gansxvavebiT, ieso, nicSes mixedviT,
amqveyniur cxovrebaze iyo orientirebuli: „es maxarebeli iseve
mokvda, rogorc cxovrobda, rogorc aswavlida _ ara „adamianTa
xsnisTvis“, aramed imisTvis, rom eCvenebina, Tu rogor unda cxovre-
ba. is, rac man memkvidreobad dautova kacobriobas, esaa praqtika
[...]“ (35). swored amitom aRniSnavda nicSe: „arsebiTad, iyo mxolod
erTi qristiani da isic jvarze aResrula“ (39).
21. dasavluri azrovnebis ganviTarebis traeqtoriis nicSeseuli
xedva SekumSuli da tevadi saxiT mocemulia „kerpebis mwuxrSi“,
qveTavSi, romlis saTauria „rogor iqca WeSmariti samyaro bolos
da bolos zRaprad“. ix. f. nicSe, „kerpebis mwuxri“, anu rogor fi-
losofoseben CaquCiT“, gv. 55-56.

17
WeSmariti motivebis (SurisZiebis grZnobis, Zalauflebisad-
mi nebis) gamoaSkaraveba da dRis sinaTleze gamotana. moralis
genealogiis, anu misi warmoSobis analizis proeqti swored
amas isaxavda miznad. „antiqriste“, rogorc yvela Rire-
bulebis gadafaseba, am proeqtis kulminaciaa. nicSes azriT,
amiT farda exdeba dasavluri azris samarcxvino istorias da
aTaswleulebis siyalbes, WeSmariteba pirvelad xdeba sacnau-
ri mTeli Tavisi simZlavriTa da elvarebiT. aqedan ki erTi
nabijia axali Rirebulebebis, axali adamianis, zeadamianis
damkvidrebis mcdelobamde. iwyeba zaratustra...

***

winamdebare gamocema warmoadgens pirveli gamocemis Ses-

worebul da gadamuSavebul gamocemas. Targmani Sedarda
nicSes Txzulebebis akademiur gamocemasTan (koli-monti-
naris gamocema): ix. Friedrich Nietzsche, Sämtliche Werke. Kritische
Studienausgabe in 15 Bänden. Herausgegeben von G. Colli und
M. Montinari. KSA, Band 6: 165-254. Neuausgabe 1999. Deutscher
Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, München. koli-montinaris
gamocemis Sesabamisad, Targmans daemata danarTi „kanoni
qristianobis winaaRmdeg“. es erTgverdiani teqsti Tan erTvis
„antiqristes“ akademiur gamocemebs. mTargmnelis SeniSvnebis
garda, romlebic, ZiriTadad, SenarCunebulia, teqsts, aseve,
daemata redaqtoris SeniSvnebic.

giorgi TavaZe

Tbilisi, 2019 wlis 15 dekemberi

18
antiqriste
 winasityvaoba

es wigni mxolod rCeulebs ekuTvnis. SesaZloa, maTgan jer

aravin movlenia qveynierebas. SesaZloa, maT ricxvSi isini
iyvnen, romlebic Cems „zaratustras“ gaigeben. rogor Sever-
eodi im adamianebs, romlebsac ukve dRes usmenen sxvebi? _
me mxolod zegindeli dRe mekuTvnis. zogierTni sikvdilis
Semdgom ibadebian.
me Zalze kargad vicnob pirobebs, romlebSic Cemi esmiT
(da maSin ki ukve aucileblad migeben). Cems seriozuloba-
sa da vnebas rom gauZloT, sulier sakiTxebSi sisastikemde
patiosnebaa saWiro. mwvervalebze cxovrebas miCveulni unda
iyoT da Tanamedrove politikisa da nacionaluri egoizmis
ubadruk laybobas zemodan umziroT. gulgrilad unda iqceT
da arasodes ikiTxoT, WeSmaritebas sargebloba moaqvs, Tu is
bediswerad iqceva adamianisTvis... aucilebelia siZlieridan
Sobili swrafva sakiTxebisken, romlebzec dRes veravis hy-
ofnis gambedaoba, mamacoba akrZalulis mimarT; winaswargan-
sazRvruloba labirinTSi arsebobisken, Svidkeca martoobis
gamocdileba, axali yurebi axali musikisTvis, axali Tvale-
bi yvelaze SoreulisTvis, axali sindisi WeSmaritebaTaTvis,
romlebic dRemde damunjebuli iyo. da neba maRali stilis
ekonomiisTvis: sakuTari Zalebis, sakuTari aRmafrenis da-
razmva. sakuTari Tavis pativiscema; sakuTari Tavis siyvaru-
li; sakuTari Tavis upirobo Tavisufleba...
amgvarad, mxolod aseTni arian Cemi mkiTxvelebi, Cemi WeS-
mariti mkiTxvelebi, Cemi winaswargansazRvruli mkiTxvele-
bi. ra saqme maqvs danarCenebTan? _ danarCeni mxolod kaco-
briobaa. _ kacobriobaze maRla unda dadge ZaliT, sulis
simaRliT, siZulviliT...

fridrix nicSe
23
 1.

sakuTar Tavs SevxedoT. Cven hiperboreelebi1 varT. Cven

sakmarisad kargad viciT, ramdenad Sors vcxovrobT danar-
Cenebisgan. „verc xmeleTiTa da verc wyliT ipovi gzas hip-
erboreelebisken“ _ werda jer kidev pindare Cvens Sesaxeb.2
CrdiloeTs, yinuls, sikvdils miRmaa Cveni cxovreba, Cveni
bedniereba... Cven mivageniT bednierebas, Cven vipoveT gza, Cven
movZebneT gamosavali aTaswlovani labirinTidan. sxvam vin ip-
ova igi? _ nuTu Tanamedrove adamianma? _ „me ar vici gza
aqeT, an iqiT. me var yvelaferi, ramac ar icis gza aqeT, an
iqiT“, _ oxravs Tanamedrove adamiani. Cven avad viyaviT am Ta-
namedroveobiT, avad viyaviT am zarmaci samyaroTi, laCruli
kompromisiT, Tanamedrove „ki“-sa da „ara“-s mTeli zneobrivi
uwmindurebiT. es Semwynarebloba, gulis largeur,3 romelic
yvelafers „patiobs“, radgan yvelaferi „esmis“, Cvenze ise moq-
medebs, rogorc siroko.4 umjobesia yinulebs Soris cxovreba,
vidre Tanamedrove zneobaTa Tbil monaberSi!.. Cven sakmarisad
gambedavebi viyaviT, Cven ar dagvizogavs arc sakuTari Tavi
da arc sxvebi, magram didxans ar vicodiT, saiTken migvemar-
Ta Cveni gambedaoba. Cven pirquSni viyaviT, fatalistebs gvi-
wodebdnen. Cveni bediswera iyo sisavse, daZabuloba, Zalebis
mokreba. Cven elva da saqme gvWirdeboda, Cven uZlurTa bed-
nierebis _ „morCilebisgan“ _ Sors vrCebodiT. Cvens irgvliv
Weqda da quxda; buneba, romelic Tavad Cven varT, wyvdiadma
moicva, radgan Cven ar gagvaCnda gza. Cveni bednierebis formu-
la: „diax“, „ara“, swori xazi, mizani...

2.

ra aris kargi? _ yvelaferi, rac adamianSi zrdis Zalau-

flebis gancdas, nebas Zalauflebisken, Tavad Zalauflebas.
25
 ra aris cudi? _ yvelaferi, rac sisustidan momdinareobs.
ra aris bedniereba? _ mzardi Zalauflebis gancda, gada-
laxuli winaaRmdegobis gancda.
ara kmayofileba, aramed ufro meti Zalaufleba; ara mSvi-
doba nebismier fasad, aramed omi; ara siqvele, aramed gawaf-
uloba (siqvele renesansis stilSi, virtù, moralisgan Tavisu-
fali siqvele).
sustebi da warumateblebi unda daiRupon: esaa moyvasisad-
mi Cveni siyvarulis pirveli debuleba. am saqmeSi maT unda
wavexmaroT kidec.
ra aris yvela mankierebaze ufro mavne? _ qmediTi Tana-
grZnoba yvela warumateblisa da sustisadmi, anu qristiano-
ba.

3.

Cemi problema is ki araa, Tu ra Caanacvlebs kacobriobas

cocxal arsebaTa Tanmimdevrul rigSi (adamiani dasasrulia),
aramed is, Tu adamianis ra saxeoba unda gamoviyvanoT da vi-
survoT, rogorc ufro metad faseuli, sicocxlis ufro me-
tad Rirsi da ufro myari momavlis mqone.
es ufro metad faseuli saxeoba araerTxel arsebobda
warsulSi, magram mxolod rogorc bednieri SemTxveviToba,
rogorc gamonaklisi da arasodes, rogorc winaswarganzrax-
uli ram. piriqiT, misi yvelaze metad eSinodaT. dRemde igi
TiTqmis saSinelis sinonimi iyo da mis winaSe arsebuli SiSi-
dan gamomdinare surdaT, gamohyavdaT da iRebdnen sruliad
sapirispiro adamianis saxeobas: Sinauri cxovelis, joguri
cxovelis, avadmyofi cxovelis _ qristianis...

26
 4.

kacobrioba ar warmoadgens ganviTarebas ukeTesis, ufro

Zlieris, ufro maRlisken, rogorc amisi dRemde swamT. „pro-
gresi“ mxolod Tanamedrove ideaa, anu yalbi idea. dRevande-
li evropeli sakuTari RirebulebiT gacilebiT dabla dgas
aRorZinebis epoqis evropelze. ganviTareba sulac ar niSnavs
amaRlebas, ganmtkicebas, an gaZlierebas.
meore mxriv, dedamiwis sxvadasxva nawilSi da gansxvavebuli
kulturebis wiaRSi gvxvdeba calkeuli SemTxvevebis uwyveti
warmatebebis seria, ris xarjzec vlindeba is, rac, faqti-
urad, ufro maRali saxeobaa da rac mTel kacobriobasTan
mimarTebiT Tavisebur zeadamians warmoadgens. aseTi bednieri
SemTxveviTobebi yovelTvis xdeboda da albaT, yovelTvis
moxdeba. xolo keTilsasurvel garemoebebSi aseTi iRbliani
SesaZloa mTeli Taobebi, tomebi da erebi aRmoCndnen.

5.

ar aris saWiro qristianobis morTva da mokazmva: man sam-

kvdro-sasicocxlo omi gamoucxada adamianis am umaRles
saxeobas, man uari Tqva am tipis yvela ZiriTad instinqtze,
romlebidanac man borotebis, boroti adamianis cneba ga-
mowura. Zlieri adamiani uvargis adamianad, „gankicxulad“
iqca. qristianobam daiWira yvela sustis, damcirebulisa da
warumateblis mxare. Zlieri cxovrebis SenarCunebis instin-
qtebisadmi dapirispirebidan man ideali Seqmna. qristianobam
TviT sulierad Zlier individTa goneba waaxdina, radgan man
umaRlesi sulieri faseulobebi codvad, cdomilebaSi Semy-
vanad da cdunebad gamoacxada. ai magaliTi, romelic uRrmes
sinanuls iwvevs: paskalis5 daRupva, romelsac swamda, rom misi
gonebis wabilwvis mizezi pirvelqmnili codva iyo. sinamd-
vileSi ki misi goneba mxolod qristianobam wabilwa!
27
 6.

mtanjveli, sazareli sanaxaoba warmomidga Tvalwin: me

saburveli CamovaSore adamianis gaxrwnilebas. Cems bageebSi
es sityva, sul mcire, erTi eWvisganaa Tavisufali: TiTqos is
sakuTar TavSi moralur braldebas Seicavdes. es sityva _ vi-
survebdi kidev erTxel gamesva amisTvis xazi _ moklebulia
moralur azrs, Tanac im xarisxiT, rom es gaxrwnileba Cems
mier yvelaze Zlierad swored iq ganicdeba, sadac aqam-
de yvelaze cnobierad miiswrafodnen „saTnoebisa“ da „Rv-
Taebriobisken“. rogorc amas ukve mixvdebodiT, gaxrwnilebas
me décadence-ad6 miviCnev. me vamtkiceb, rom yvela faseulo-
ba, romlebic dRes kacobriobis uzenaes Rirebulebebad war-
modgebian, sinamdvileSi décadence faseulobebia.
cxovels, gvars, individs gaxrwnils maSin vuwodeb, rode-
sac is hkargavs sakuTar instinqtebs, rodesac is irCevs, am-
jobinebs imas, rac misTvis mavnebelia. „maRali grZnobebis“,
„kacobriobis idealebis“ istoria _ albaT, maTi moyola mo-
mixdeba _ TiTqmis imis garkvevac iqneboda, Tu ratom aris
adamiani aseTi gaxrwnili.
Tavad cxovreba CemTvis fasdeba, rogorc zrdis, mdgra-
dobis, ZalTa mokrebis, Zalauflebis instinqti: iq, sadac
Zalauflebisken neba ar gvxvdeba, dakninebas aqvs adgili. me
vamtkiceb, rom adamianis yvela uzenaesi Rirebuleba swored
am nebas moisaklisebs; rom uwmindes saxelTa safarvelqveS
dakninebis faseulobebi, nihilisturi Rirebulebebia gaba-
tonebuli.

7.

qristianobas TanagrZnobis religias uwodeben. TanagrZno-

ba im tonusuri afeqtebis sapirispiroa, romlebic sicocx-
lis gancdis energias zrdian: is damTrgunvelad moqmedebs.
28
TanagrZnobis dros Zalebs kargaven. TanagrZnobiT, aseve,
aTasgzis intensiuri xdeba Zalebis daSretis procesi, rac,
TavisTavad, cxovrebas tanjvas ayenebs. TanagrZnobis meSve-
obiT Tavad tanjva iqceva gadamdebad. zogierT SemTxveva-
Si TanagrZnobis gziT cxovrebisa da sasicocxlo energiis
im odenobis danakargi miiRweva, romelic Seusabamod gaz-
viadebul TanafardobaSi imyofeba mizezis sididesTan (naz-
arevelis sikvdilis SemTxveva). esaa pirveli Tvalsazrisi,
magram arsebobs ufro mniSvnelovanic. Tu TanagrZnobas gav-
zomavT im reaqciebis faseulobiT, romlebsac is Cveulebriv
iwvevs, cxovrebisTvis misi saxifaTo buneba kidev ufro naTe-
li gaxdeba. zogadad, TanagrZnoba ewinaaRmdegeba ganviTare-
bis kanons, rac SerCevas gulisxmobs. is inarCunebs imas, rac
unda daiRupos; is cxovrebis mier CagrulTa da gansjilTa
dacvas eswrafvis; cxovrebaSi yvela saxis warumateblobis Se-
narCunebiT, is Tavad cxovrebas uRimRamod da eWvis aRmZvre-
lad aqcevs. gabedes da TanagrZnobas siqvele uwodes (yvela
keTilSobilur moralSi is sisusted iTvleba). kidev ufro
Sors wavidnen: misgan Seqmnes siqvele rogorc aseTi, yvela
siqvelis niadagi da wyaro. Tumca, rasakvirvelia, yovelTvis
mxedvelobaSi unda gvqondes, rom es iyo nihilisturi filo-
sofiis Tvalsazrisi, romelmac cxovrebis uaryofa sakuTar
farze gamosaxa. Sopenhaueri marTali iyo: TanagrZnoba uary-
ofs cxovrebas, is mas uaryofis Rirsad aqcevs. TanagrZnoba
nihilizmis praqtikaa. vimeoreb: es damTrgunveli da gadamde-
bi instinqti anadgurebs im instinqtebs, romlebic sicocx-
lis SenarCunebisa da misi faseulobis ganmtkicebisken arian
mimarTuli: ubedurebis gamravlebiT da yovelive bedkrulis
SenarCunebiT is décadence-is gaZlierebis mTavar iaraRs war-
moadgens. TanagrZnoba ararasken gvixmobs!.. ar amboben sityvas
„arara“: amis nacvlad amboben „saiqio“, an „RmerTi“, an „WeS-
mariti cxovreba“, an kidev nirvana, xsna, netareba... es uvnebe-
li ritorika religiur-moraluri idiosinkraziis7 sferodan
maSinve gacilebiT nakleb uvneblad warmogvidgeba, rodesac
gavacnobierebT, Tu rogori tendenciaa aq amaRlebul sity-

29
vaTa mantiiT Semosili. esaa cxovrebisadmi mtrulad ganwyo-
bili tendencia. Sopenhauers mtruli damokidebuleba hqonda
cxovrebisadmi _ amitom TanagrZnoba misTvis siqveled iqca...
rogorc cnobilia, aristotele TanagrZnobas avadmyofur da
saxifaTo mdgomareobad miiCnevda, romlis dros cudi ar iqne-
boda xangamoSvebiT sasaqmeblis miReba. igi Tvlida, rom tra-
gedia swored aseTi gamwmendi saSualebaa. cxovrebis instin-
qtidan gamomdinare, saWiro iqneboda, marTlac gamogveZebna
saSualeba, laxvari Cagveca TanagrZnobis iseTi avadmyofuri
da saxifaTo grovisTvis, rogoric Sopenhaueris SemTxvevaa
(da, samwuxarod, mTeli Cveni literaturuli da artistuli
décadence sankt-peterburgidan parizamde, tolstoidan _
vagneramde), raTa is gamskdariyo... araferia imaze metad ara-
janmrTeli Cvens arajanmrTel TanamedroveobaSi, vidre qris-
tianuli TanagrZnoba. aseT dros mkurnalad yofna, daundob-
lobis gamovlena da daniT moqmedeba _ ai, ra gvmarTebs Cven;
ai, rogoria moyvasisadmi Cveni siyvaruli; ai, ra gvxdis Cven _
hiperboreelebs _ filosofosebad!

8.

aucilebelia, vTqvaT, vis vTvliT Cvens metoqeebad: Te-

ologebsa da yvelafers, rasac Teologiuri sisxli da xor-
ci aqvs, _ mTels Cven filosofias... axlodan unda dainaxo
sabediswero, ufro metic, sakuTar TavSi unda ganicado igi,
TiTqmis daRupvamde mixvide, raTa mixvde, rom aq xumroba ar
igulisxmeba (Cvens baton bunebismetyvelTa da fiziologTa
Tavisufali azrovneba Cems TvalSi xumrobaa. maT vneba ar hy-
ofniT am sakiTxebSi, isini maTgan ar itanjebian). Sxami kidev
ufro Sors aRwevs, vidre hgoniaT: TeologebisTvis damaxas-
iaTebeli qedmaRlobis instinqti vnaxe yvelgan, sadac axla
sakuTar Tavs „idealistad“ aRiqvamen; sadac, aRmatebuli war-
30
momavlobis xarjze, sakuTar Tavs uflebas aZleven, sinamdvi-
lis Sesaxeb ganazrebebi moaxdinon da araamqveyniurad imzire-
bodnen... idealists, zustad iseve, rogorc qurums, yvela
diadi cneba xelT upyria (da ara mxolod xelT!). is erToba
am cnebebiT da keTilganwyobili siZulviliTaa ganmsWvaluli
„gansjis“, „grZnobis“, „pativis“, „keTildReobis“ da „mecnier-
ebis“ mimarT. am yovelives igi zemodan umzers, rogorc mavne
da macdunebel Zalebs, romelTa zeda TviTkmar siwmindeSi
„suli“ livlivebs... TiTqos Tvinierebas, umankoebas, siRari-
bes, erTi sityviT _ siwmindes _ ufro meti vneba ar mieyenebi-
nos cxovrebisTvis, vidre yvela saxis saSinelebasa da cod-
vas... wminda suli wminda wylis tyuilia... sanam mRvdeli, es
uarmyofeli, cilismwamebeli, sakuTari mowodebiT cxovrebis
momwamvleli, aRmatebuli gvaris adamianad iTvleba, ar gveqne-
ba pasuxi kiTxvaze: ra aris WeSmariteba? rodesac araras da
uaryofis Segnebulad damcveli „WeSmaritebis“ qomagad qceu-
la, WeSmariteba ukve Tavdayiraa dayenebuli...

9.

Teologis am instinqts me oms vucxadeb: mis kvals yvel-

gan vpoulobdi. vis ZarRvebSic Teologis sisxli Cqefs, mas
dasawyisidanve ar ZaluZs, sakiTxs pirdapir da patiosnad mi-
udges. aqedan ganviTarebul paToss rwmena ewodeba, anu sa-
kuTar TavTan mimarTebiT erTxel da samudamod Tvalebis
daxuWva, raTa gamousworebeli sicruis mzerisgan ar gaitan-
jo. am sayovelTao optikuri iluziidan sakuTar Tavs uqm-
nian morals, siqveles, siwmindes; sufTa sindiss ukavSireben
yalb mzeras; sakuTar msoflmxedvelobas „RmerTis“, „xsnis“,
„maradiulobis“ cnebebiT akurTxeben da moiTxoven, rom arc
erTi sxva perspeqtiva ar iqnes aRiarebuli, rogorc ufro
metad faseuli. yvelgan vawydebodi Teologis instinqts: es

31
aris yvelaze gavrcelebuli da amave dros, sicruis yvelaze
ufro qveSqveSa forma, romelic ki amqveynad arsebobs. yve-
laferi, rasac Teologi aRiqvams, rogorc WeSmarits, yalbi
unda iyos: amaSi Cven TiTqmis WeSmaritebis kriteriumi gvaqvs.
TviTgadarCenis uRrmesi instinqti mas ukrZalavs sinamdvilis
nebismieri aspeqtis pativiscemas an Tundac mis Sesaxeb sau-
bars. TeologTa gavlenis gavrcelebasTan erTad, Tavdayira
dgeba SefasebiTi msjelobebi _ „WeSmaritisa“ da „siyalbis“
cnebebi aucileblobiT erTmaneTs enacvleba. is, rac yvelaze
metad avnebs cxovrebas, aq „WeSmaritebad“ iwodeba; xolo
is, rac mas amaRlebs, aZlierebs, amarTlebs da gamarjvebas
moapovebinebs _ „siyalbed“ cxaddeba... Tuki ise xdeba, rom Te-
ologebi mbrZanebelTa (an xalxebis) „sindisze“ zemoqmedebis
gziT Zalauflebas epotinebian, maSin eWvic ar gvepareba, Tu
ra xdeba aq sinamdvileSi: dasasrulis neba, nihilisturi neba
Zalauflebisken iswrafvis...

10.

germanelebisTvis myisve gasagebia Cemi sityvebi, rom Te-

ologTa sisxlma SebRala filosofia. protestanti pastori
germanuli filosofiis papaa,8 Tavad protestantizmi ki misi
peccatum originale.9 ai, protestantizmis daxasiaTeba: qris-
tianobisa da gonebis calmxrivi dambla... sakmarisia, vTqvaT
„tiubingenis seminaria“,10 raTa cxadi gaxdes, rom germanu-
li filosofia sinamdvileSi mzakvruli Teologiaa... Svabebi
saukeTeso crupentelebia germaniaSi: isini uvneblad cruo-
ben... saidan modis is zar-zeimi, rac kantis gamoCenas axlda
Tan mTel germanul swavlul samyaroSi, romlis sam meoTxeds
pastorebisa da maswavleblebis Svilebi Seadgendnen? saidan
iRebs saTaves germanelebis rwmena (romelic gamoZaxils dRe-
sac poulobs), rom kantTan erTad iwyeba ukeTesobisken Se-

32
mobruneba? germaneli mecnieris Teologiurma instinqtma ga-
moicno, ra gaxda isev SesaZlebeli... gaixsna faruli gza Zveli
idealisken; moxerxebuli skepticizmis wyalobiT, „WeSmariti
samyarosa“ da moralis, rogorc samyaros arsebis cnebebi
(ori yvelaze borotganzraxuli cdomileba, rac ki saerTod
arsebobs!) kvlav mogvevlinen: SesaZloa, maTi damtkiceba ver
xerxdeba, Tumca maTi uaryofa ukve SeuZlebelia... goneba,
gonebis ufleba aqamde ver aRwevs... sinamdvilidan „moCvene-
biToba“ Seqmnes, xolo arsebulTa sruliad gayalbebuli sam-
yarodan _ sinamdvile... kantis warmateba mxolod Teologis
warmatebaa. kanti, luTerisa da laibnicis msgavsad, zedmeti
muxruWi iyo fexze isedac arasakmarisad myarad mdgari ger-
manuli patiosnebisTvis...

11.

kidev erTi sityva kantis, rogorc moralistis winaaRmdeg.

siqvele Cveni gamogoneba unda iyos, Cveni Rrmad piraduli
dacva da moTxovnileba: yvela sxva azriT is mxolod safrTx-
ea. is, rac ar ganapirobebs Cvens cxovrebas, vnebs mas: siqvele
mxolod „siqvelis“ cnebisadmi pativiscemis grZnobidan, ro-
gorc es kants surda, mavnebelia. „siqvele“, „valdebuleba“,
„sikeTe TavisTavad“, sikeTe upirovnobisa da sayovelTaobis
niSniT _ yovelive es qimeraa, romelSic daknineba, cxovre-
bis ukiduresi dasusteba, kionigsbergis Cinuri suliskveTeba
vlindeba. TviTSenarCunebisa da zrdis yvelaze fundamenturi
kanonebi swored sawinaaRmdegos moiTxoven: rom yvelam saku-
Tari siqvele, sakuTari kategoriuli imperativi Seqmnas. eri
daRupvisTvisaa ganwiruli, Tuki is sakuTar valdebulebas
zogadad valdebulebasTan aRrevs. araferi angrevs ise fun-
damenturad, ise mZlavrad, rogorc yovelgvari „upirovno“
valdebuleba, yoveli msxverpli abstraqciis moloqisTvis.11

33
_ da kantis kategoriul imperativs cxovrebisTvis saxifa-
Tod ar aRiqvamdnen! mxolod Teologiuri instinqti aRdga
mis dasacavad! _ saqciels, romlis ganxorcielebas cxovre-
bis instinqti gvaiZulebs, misi ganxorcielebiT gamowveuli
siamovnebis gancdaSi aqvs sakuTari sisworis mtkicebuleba.
qristianul-dogmaturi Signeulobis mqone nihilisti ki siam-
ovnebas winaaRmdegobad aRiqvams... ra imoqmedebs imaze metad
damangrevlad, Tu adamians vaiZulebT imuSaos, ifiqros, Sei-
grZnos Sinagani aucileblobis, Rrma Sinagani arCevanis, siam-
ovnebis gareSe, rogorc „valdebulebis“ avtomatma? swored
esaa décadence-is, metic, idiotizmis recepti... kanti idio-
tad iqca. _ da is goeTes Tanamedrove iyo! es sabediswero
oboba germanel filosofosad iwodeboda! _ da dRemde iT-
vleba kidec! vufrTxi im azris gamoTqmas, Tu ras vfiqrob
germanelebis Sesaxeb... gana kantma ar dainaxa frangul revo-
luciaSi saxelmwifos araorganuli formis gadasvla organ-
ul formaSi? gana man ar dasva SekiTxva imis Sesaxeb, arsebobs
Tu ara iseTi movlena, romelsac sruliad verafriT axsniT,
garda kacobriobis moraluri ganwyobisa, raTa amiT erTxel
da samudamod iqnas damtkicebuli „kacobriobis tendencia
sikeTisken“? kantis pasuxi iyo: „es aris revolucia.“12 mcdari
instinqti zogadsa da konkretulSi, arabunebrioba rogorc
instinqti, germanuli décadence rogorc filosofia _ ai, ra
aris kanti!

12.

Tu ramdenime skeptikoss ar SevexebiT, wesrigis warmomad-

genlebs filosofiis istoriaSi, sxva yvelasTvis intele-
qtualuri patiosnebis uZiriTadesi moTxovnebic ki ucno-
bia. yvela es diadi meocnebe da Serekili, erTad aRebuli,
mdedrebiviT iqceva: „mSvenier gancdebs“ isini argumentebad
aRiqvamen, „azvirTebul mkerds“ _ RvTaebis sabervelad, dar-
34
wmunebulobas _ WeSmaritebis kriteriumad. bolos da bo-
los, kantmac _ „germanuli“ umankoebiT _ scada, „praqtikuli
gonebis“ cnebis saxeliT, mecnieruli gaexada gaxrwnis es for-
ma, inteleqtualuri sindisis es ukmaroba. man sagangebod ga-
moigona gonebis es forma, raTa saWiro ar gamxdariyo gonebis
Sesaxeb Tavis texa im dros, rodesac morali acxadebs Tavis
amaRlebul moTxovnas: „Sen valdebuli xar“. Tuki mxedvelo-
baSi miviRebT imas, rom TiTqmis yvela xalxSi filosofosi
qurumis tipaJis Semdgomi ganviTarebaa, ar unda gagvikvirdes
qurumis memkvidreoba, misi TaRliToba sakuTar TavTan. Tu
iseTi wmidaTawmida amocanebi gaqvs, rogorebicaa kacobrio-
bis gamosworeba, xsna, gamosyidva; Tu mkerdiT RvTaebas at-
areb da imqveyniuri imperativis sayvirad miiCnev Tavs, maSin,
aseTi misiiT aRWurvili, ukve yvelanairi wmindad racional-
uri Sefasebis miRma aRmoCndebi; ukve Tavad, aseTi amocaniT
kurTxeuli, gamoxatav uzenaesi wesrigis tips!.. ra saqme aqvs
qurums mecnierebasTan! igi metismetad maRla dgas amisTvis!
_ da swored es qurumi batonobda dRemde! igi gansazRvravda
„WeSmaritisa“ da „araWeSmaritis“ cnebebs!..

13.

saTanadod SevafasoT, rom Tavad Cven, Tavisufal goneba-

Ta mqoneni, varT ukve „yvela Rirebulebis gadafaseba“, omisa
da gamarjvebis ganxorcielebuli SeZaxili „WeSmaritisa“ da
„araWeSmaritis“ yvela Zvel cnebaze. yvelaze faseuli wiaRsv-
la yvelaze gvian iZebneba. magram yvelaze faseuli wiaRsvlebi
_ meTodebia. dRevandeli mecnierulobis yvela meTodi da
winapiroba uRrmes siZulvils xvdeboda aTaswleulebis gan-
mavlobaSi. maT gamo zogierTebs „patiosan“ adamianTa sazo-
gadoebidan ricxavdnen da „RmerTis mtrebad“, WeSmaritebis
moZuleebad, „eSmakeulebad“ miiCnevdnen. mecnieri Candala
35
xdeboda...13 kacobriobis mTeli paTosi _ misi codna imis Ses-
axeb, Tu ra unda iyos WeSmariteba, ra unda iyos WeSmaritebis
samsaxuri _ Cven gvipirispirdeboda. yoveli „Sen unda“ dRemde
Cvens winaaRmdeg iyo momarTuli... Cveni miznebi, Cveni saqmi-
anoba, Cveni mSvidi, frTxili da undo midgoma _ yovelive es
srul uRirsobad da saZulvelad eCvenebodaT. _ bolos da bo-
los, samarTlianobis garkveuli ulufiT SegviZlia, sakuTar
Tavs vkiTxoT: esTetikuri gemovneba xom ar amyofebda kaco-
briobas ase didxans sibrmaveSi? is WeSmaritebisgan mxatvrul
efeqts iTxovda da Semmecnebeli individisganac moiTxovda,
rom mas Zlieri zemoqmedeba moexdina grZnobebze. Cveni Tav-
mdabloba yvelaze didxans upirispirdeboda mis gemovnebas...
oh, rogor mixvdnen amas es RvTis indaurebi!

14.

Cven xelaxla swavla mogviwia. yvelaferSi metad Tavm-

dablebad viqeciT. Cven ukve aRar gamogvyavs adamiani „suli-
dan“ da „RvTaebidan“, Cven igi cxovelTa rigebSi gadaviyvaneT.
Cven is yvelaze Zlier cxovelad migvaCnia, radgan is yvelaze
cbieria, _ amis Sedegs ki misi suliereba warmoadgens. meore
mxriv, Cven viSorebT pativmoyvareobas, rac aqac SeiZleboda
gamovleniliyo: TiTqos adamiani cxoveluri samyaros ganvi-
Tarebis diadi da faruli mizania. is sulac ar aris qmnile-
baTa gvirgvini, yoveli arseba mis gverdiT srulyofilebis
Tanabar safexurze dgas... aRniSnulis mtkicebiT Cven kidev
ufro mets vamtkicebT: Sedarebis WrilSi Tu vityviT, adami-
ani yvelaze warumatebeli, yvelaze avadmyofuri, instinqtebs
yvelaze saxifaTo gziT acdenili cxovelia, _ Tumca, amasTa-
nave yvelaze saintereso! _ rac Seexeba cxovelebs, dekartma
pativiscemis Rirsi gambedaobiT pirvelad gariska, gamoeTq-
va azri, rom cxoveli SeiZleba gavigoT, rogorc machina.14

36
mTeli Cveni fiziologia am mosazrebis damtkicebas cdilobs.
Cven logikur WrilSi adamians ar gamovricxavT, rogorc amas
jer kidev dekarti akeTebda: adamianis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove
mosazrebebi, ZiriTadad, meqanicisturi mimarTulebiT viTar-
deba. uwin adamians umaRlesi Tanrigis Tvisebas aniWebdnen _
„Tavisufal nebas“; axla Cven mas nebac CamovarTviT, im gage-
biT, rom nebis qveS unars veRar vigulisxmebT. Zveli sityva
„neba“ mxolod imas emsaxureba, rom raRac Sedegi aRniSnos,
garkveuli saxis individualuri reaqcia, romelic aucileb-
lad mosdevs nawilobriv urTierTsawinaaRmdego, nawilo-
briv ki TanxmobaSi myof gaRizianebaTa garkveul raodenobas:
neba ukve aRar „moqmedebs“, aRar „amoZravebs“... uwin adamianis
gonebaSi, mis „sulSi“ xedavdnen misi uzenaesi warmomavlobis,
misi RvTaebriobis mtkicebulebas. misi srulyofisTvis, mas
urCevdnen, kus msgavsad SigniT Seekeca sakuTari gancde-
bi, Seewyvita urTierToba miwierTan, Camoegdo miwieri gar-
si. aseT SemTxvevaSi misgan mTavari ram darCeboda _ „wminda
suli“. Cven am sakiTxTan mimarTebiTac ukeTesad vmsjelobT:
swored gacnobierebas, „suls“ miviCnevT organizmis Sedare-
biTi arasrulyofilebis simptomad, erTgvar mcdelobad, xe-
lebis cecebad, acdenad, iseT Zalisxmevad, romlis drosac
didi odenobiT nervuli energia fuWad ixarjeba. Cven uarvy-
ofT, rom SesaZlebelia raimes srulyofa misi cnobierebaSi
moqcevis gziT. „wminda suli“ wminda wylis sisulelea. Tuki
gamovricxavT nervul sistemasa da grZnobebs, anu „mokvdav
garss“, maSin ubralod movtyuvdebiT _ es aris da es!..

15.

qristianobaSi arc morali da arc religia SexebaSi ar mo-

dis sinamdvilis romelime wertilTan. wmindad warmosaxviTi
mizezebi („RmerTi“, „suli“, „me“, „goneba“, „Tavisufali“ Tu
„araTavisufali“ neba); wmindad warmosaxviTi Sedegebi („cod-

37
va“, „gamosyidva“, „wyaloba“, „sasjeli“, „codvebis miteveba“);
urTierToba warmosaxviT arsebebTan („RmerTi“, „sulebi“,
„goneba“); warmosaxviTi mecniereba bunebis Sesaxeb (anTro-
pocentruli; bunebrivi mizezebis cnebis sruli ararseboba);
warmosaxviTi fsiqologia (sakuTari Tavis aSkara arcodna,
sasiamovno an arasasiamovno zogadi grZnobebis, _ magaliT-
ad, nervus sympathicus-is mdgomareobebis _ religiur-moral-
uri idiosinkraziis simboluri enis daxmarebiT ganmarteba:
„monanieba“, „sindisis qenjna“, „eSmakisgan cduneba“, „RmerTis
siaxlove“); warmosaxviTi teleologia („RvTis sasufeveli“,
„gankiTxvis dRe“, „maradiuli sicocxle“) _ wminda fiqcia-
Ta es samyaro imiT gansxvavdeba sizmarTa samyarosgan, rom
es ukanaskneli sinamdviles asaxavs, xolo pirveli mas ayal-
bebs, aufasurebs da uaryofs (miT uaresi am fiqciaTa sam-
yarosTvis!). mas Semdeg, rac „bunebis“ cneba „RmerTis“ cnebas
daupirispires, sityva „bunebrivi“ „uRirsis“ sinonimad unda
qceuliyo. fiqciaTa mTeli am samyaros safuZvels bunebrivis
(sinamdvilis!) siZulvili warmoadgens; is sinamdvilis mimarT
Rrma ukmayofilebis gamovlinebas gamoxatavs... magram amiT
yvelaferi aixsneba. vis gaaCnia safuZveli, sicruis meSveobiT
gaemijnos sinamdviles? _ mas, vinc misgan itanjeba. magram
sinamdvilisgan tanjva niSnavs imas, rom Tavad iyo uiRblo
sinamdvile... ukmayofilebis gancdis mier kmayofilebis gac-
dis gadawonva am fiqtiuri moralisa da religiis mizezs war-
moadgens. aseTi gadawonva ki décadence-is formulis Sinaarss
qmnis...

16.

aseTi daskvnis gakeTebas RmerTis qristianuli cnebis kri-

tika gvaiZulebs. _ xalxs, romelsac jer kidev swams saku-
Tari Tavis, sakuTari RmerTic hyavs. masSi is pativs scems im
pirobebs, romelTa wyalobiT aRzevda da Tavis siqveleebs.
38
sakuTari TviTkmayofileba da Zalauflebis gancda am xalxs
gadaaqvs im arsebaze, romelsac Semdeg amisTvis madlierebas
aRuvlens. vinc mdidaria, mas gacema surs. amayi xalxi saW-
iroebs RmerTs, romelsac msxverpli unda Seswiros... aseTi
winapirobebis arsebobis dros religia madlierebis gamoxat-
vis formad gvevlineba. xalxi sakuTari Tavis madlieria da
amitom is RmerTs saWiroebs. _ aseT RvTaebas unda SeeZlos
sargeblobis motana an zianis miyeneba, megobrad an mtrad
yofna. misiT aRfrTovanebulebi arian rogorc Cadenili sike-
Tis, ise borotebis gamo. RmerTis arabunebrivi kastrireba
mxolod sikeTis RmerTad aq sruliad arasasurvelia. boroti
RmerTi iseve sWirdebaT, rogorc keTili: sakuTari arsebobac
xom ara mxolod Semwynareblobisa da adamianisadmi keTil-
ganwyobis gamoxatulebaa... ra azri aqvs RmerTs, romlisTvi-
sac ucxoa risxva, SurisZieba, Suri, dacinva, TvalTmaqcoba
da Zaladoba? romlisTvisac SesaZloa, arasodes iyo cnobili
gamarjvebisa da ganadgurebis aRtacebaSi momyvani ardeurs?15
aseTi RmerTi gaugebaric iqneboda. ra saWiro iqneboda misi
arseboba? _ rasakvirvelia, Tuki xalxi nadgurdeba; Tuki is
grZnobs, rom samudamod qreba momavlis miseuli rwmena da Ta-
visuflebis imedi; Tuki mis cnobierebas morCileba upirveles
sargeblobad, xolo morCilebis siqveleni _ misi gadarCenis
aucilebel pirobad warmoudgeba, maSin misi RmerTic unda
Seicvalos. axla is gaqnilad, gaubedavad, mokrZalebulad
iqceva da adamianebs „sulier simSvides“, siZulvilisgan Tav-
Sekavebas, sifrTxiles, TviT mtrisa da moyvasis „siyvaruls“
urCevs. is gamudmebul moralizebas eweva, yovel kerZo saT-
noebaSi miZvreba, iqceva calkeuli adamianis RmerTad, kerZo
pirad, kosmopolitad... odesRac RmerTi warmoadgenda ers,
eris Zalmosilebas, yovelive agresiulisa da Zalauflebi-
sken mswrafs eris sulSi. axla ki is ubralod saTno RvTae-
baa... marTlac, RmerTebs sxva alternativa ar gaaCniaT: isini
an Zalauflebisken nebas da aseT SemTxvevaSi erovnul Rv-
Taebebs warmoadgenen, an kidev _ uZlurebas ZalauflebasTan
mimarTebiT da maSin isini aucileblobiT iqcevian sikeTed...

39
 17.

iq, sadac raime formiT iklebs neba Zalauflebisken, yov-

el jerze adgili aqvs agreTve fiziologiur dakninebas, dé-
cadence-s. Décadence-is RvTaeba, yvelaze ufro mamakacuri
siqveleebisa da ltolvebisgan kastrirebuli, aucileblo-
biT iqceva fiziologiurad gadagvarebadi, susti adamianebis
RmerTad. Tavad isini sakuTar Tavs sustebs ar uwodeben. isi-
ni sakuTar Tavs „keTilad“ moixseneben... yovelgvari miniS-
nebebis gareSe cxadia, istoriis romel etapze gaxda Sesa-
Zlebeli pirvelad keTili da boroti RmerTis dualisturi
fiqcia. imave instinqtiT, riTac daqvemdebarebulebma saku-
Tari RmerTi „TavisTavad sikeTemde“ daiyvanes, maT maTze
gamarjvebis mompovebeli xalxis RmerTs dadebiTi Tvisebebi
CamoarTves. isini sakuTar batonebze Surs imiT iZieben, rom
maT RmerTs eSmakad aqceven. _ keTili RmerTi, iseve, rogorc
eSmaki, décadence-is naSieria. _ rogor SeiZleba, rom dResac
davyveT qristian TeologTa gulubryvilobas da gaviziaroT
maTi doqtrina imis Sesaxeb, rom RmerTis cnebis ganviTare-
ba „israelis RmerTidan“, anu xalxis RmerTidan qristianuli
RmerTisken (anu yvela sikeTis momcveli RmerTisken) progre-
si iyo? _ magram TviT renani16 iqceva ase. TiTqos renans gu-
lubryvilobis ufleba hqondes! imavdroulad ki sapirispiro
ram gvxvdeba TvalSi. Tuki RmerTis Sesaxeb cnebas CamoSore-
buli aqvs aRmavali cxovrebis yvela winapiroba, Zliereba,
gabeduleba, mbrZanebloba da siamaye; Tuki is nabij-nabij
eSveba daqanculTa yavarjnis, yvela wyalwaRebulis mxsneli
Ruzis simbolomde; Tuki is iqceva RatakTa, codvilebis da
sneulebis RmerTad par excellence,17 xolo predikatebi „mxs-
neli“, „gamomsyidveli“ erTaderT RvTaebriv predikatebad
iqceva, _ raze migviTiTebs RvTaebrivis aseTi gardaqmna da
reduqcia? _ rasakvirvelia, „RvTis sasufeveli“ amiT ga-
farTovda. adre RmerTs mxolod Tavisi xalxi hyavda,
„rCeuli“ xalxi. mogvianebiT, iseve rogorc misi xalxi, is
ucxo miwebisken daiZra, xetials mohyva da mas Semdeg aRarsad
40
hqonia mosveneba, vidre yvelgan mkvidrad _ diad kosmopol-
itad _ ar iqca, vidre Tavis mxares ar gadaiyvana „uricxvi
raodenoba“ da samyaros naxevari. magram „uricxvi raode-
nobis“ RmerTi, demokrati RmerTebs Soris, miuxedavad ami-
sa, ver iqca warmarTTa amay RmerTad. is darCa iudevelad,
kunWulis RmerTad, yvela bneli kuTxisa da adgilis, mTeli
samyaros yvela gaxrwnili sacxovreblis RmerTad!.. misi sa-
sufeveli, iseve rogorc yovelTvis, miwisqveSa sasufevelia,
saavadmyofo, souterrain-is,18 getos samyaro... Tavad igi esoden
fermkrTali, susti, décadent-ia... TviT fermkrTalTa Soris
yvelaze fermkrTalni, batoni metafizikosebi, cnebaTa al-
binosebi, misi mbrZaneblebi gaxdnen. metafizikosebi iqamde
xlarTavdnen mas Tavisi narTiT, vidre igi TviTonac, maTi
moZraobebiT hipnotizebuli, obobad, metafizikosad ar iqca.
Semdeg igi ukve sakuTari Tavidan rTavda samyaros, _ sub spe-
cie Spinozae.19 _ Semdeg man Tavad ganicada fericvaleba: ufro
Txeli da fermkrTali gaxda. igi iqca „idealad“, „wminda su-
lad“, absolutad, „nivTad TavisTavad“20... RvTaebis dacema:
RmerTi iqca „nivTad TavisTavad“...

18.

RmerTis qristianuli gageba _ RmerTi rogorc davr-

domilTa RmerTi, RmerTi rogorc oboba, RmerTi rogorc
suli _ erT-erTi yvelaze Seryvnili gagebaa, rac ki odesme
arsebula dedamiwaze. SesaZloa, is imis sazomic ki iyos, sadam-
de SeiZleba daeSvas RvTaebis tipi mis daRmaval ganviTareba-
Si. RmerTi, romelic sicocxlis winaaRmdegobad gadagvarda,
nacvlad imisa, rom misi Suqfena da maradiuli damkvidreba
yofiliyo! RmerTi, romelSic omia gamocxadebuli cxovrebis,
bunebisTvis, cxovrebisken nebisTvis! RmerTi, rogorc yove-
live „amqveyniuris“ ciliswamebis formula, „imqveyniuris“

41
Sesaxeb yovelgvari sicruis formula! RmerTi, romelSic
araraa ganRmrTobili, xolo ararasadmi neba wmindadaa nak-
urTxi!..

19.

CrdiloeT evropis Zlierma rasebma ar ganagdes Tavisgan

qristianuli RmerTi, ris gamoc maTi religiuri SorsmWvret-
eloba pativiscemas ar imsaxurebs, gemovnebaze rom aRaraferi
vTqvaT. isini unda gamklavebodnen décadence-is aseT sust
da avadmyof naSiers. magram imis gamo, rom maT es ver Se-
Zles, samudamod dawyevlilebi arian: maT yvela TavianT in-
stinqtSi Seiwoves avadmyofuroba, daZabuneba, winaaRmdegoba
da mas Semdeg arc erTi RmerTi ar SeuqmniaT! TiTqmis ori
aTaswleuli _ da arc erTi axali RvTaeba! Tumca, qristian-
uli monotonoTeizmis es sawyalobeli RmerTi, TiTqosda
samarTlianad, kvlav ganagrZobs arsebobas, rogorc adami-
anSi RvTivwarmomqmneli Zalis (creator spiritus21-is), erTgvari
ultimatum da maximum-i!22 dakninebis es hibridi, romelic ara-
fridan, winaaRmdegobidan da fuWi cnebebidan Seiqmna, romel-
Sic sanqcionirebulia décadence-is yvela instinqti, sulis
mTeli simxdale da daqanculoba!..

20.

qristianobis gakicxvasTan erTad, ar msurs, usamarTlo

viyo monaTesave religiisadmi, romelsac qristianobaze meti
mimdevaric ki hyavs: es budizmia. rogorc nihilisturi reli-

42
giebi, isini erTmaneTTan axlos dganan: isini dekadenturi
religiebia. Tumca, amave dros, orive gasaocrad gansxvavde-
ba erTmaneTisgan. axla maTi Sedareba ukve SesaZlebelia, ra-
sac qristianobis kritikosi indoel swavlulebs Zlier unda
umadlodes. _ budizmi qristianobaze asjer ufro metad re-
aluria: mas Sesisxlxorcebuli aqvs problemaTa obieqturi
da civi gonebiT Camoyalibebis memkvidreoba. is qveynierebas
moevlina ramdenime aseuli wlis istoriis mqone filosofiu-
ri moZraobis Sedegad: rodesac budizmi gamoCnda, „RmerTis“
cneba ukve monelebuli hqondaT. budizmi erTaderTi WeSmar-
itad pozitivisturi religiaa, romelic istoriaSi gvxvdeba.
Tavis Semecnebis TeoriaSic ki (romelic mkacr fenomenal-
izms warmoadgens) is ar ambobs: „brZola codvis winaaRmdeg“,
aramed sinamdvilis sruli aRiarebiT warmoTqvams: „brZola
tanjvis winaaRmdeg“. moraluri cnebebiT Tavis motyueba mas
ukve ukan aqvs motovebuli, _ da amaSia misi udidesi gansxvave-
ba qristianobisgan. Cems leqsikas Tu gamoviyenebT, is sikeTi-
sa da borotebis miRma imyofeba. _ ai, ori fiziologiuri
faqti, romelsac is eyrdnoba da iTvaliswinebs: 1. gadaWar-
bebuli aRqmadoba, romelic tkivilisadmi natif mgrZnobelo-
baSi gamoixateba; 2. gaZlierebuli sulieri cxovreba, metis-
metad xangrZlivi yofna cnebebisa da logikur proceduraTa
sferoSi, rasac imisken mivyavarT, rom pirovnebis instinqti,
sakuTari Tavis sazianod, adgils uTmobs „upirovno“ instin-
qts (orive es mdgomareoba gamocdilebidanaa cnobili CemT-
vis da sul mcire, zogierTi Cemi mkiTxvelisTvis mainc, rom-
lebic, Cems msgavsad, „obieqturebi“ arian). am fiziologiuri
pirobebis safuZvelze warmoiSveba depresiis mdgomareoba,
romlis winaaRmdeg buda higieniT ilaSqrebs. depresiis sa-
pirispirod is gviwesebs cxovrebas sufTa haerze, mogzauro-
bas, zomierebasa da SerCeviTobas kvebaSi, sifrTxiles yvela
saxis spirtian sasmelTan mimarTebiT; aseve, windaxedulebas
yvela afeqtTan mimarTebiT, romelic naRvels warmoqmnis da
sisxls aduRebs, _ aranairi SfoTva sakuTari Tavis an sx-

43
vebis gamo. igi moiTxovs damamSvidebel an gasarTob ideebs
da igonebs saSualebebs sxva saxis ideebTan sabrZolvelad.
sikeTe, keTilganwyobili mdgomareoba mas esmis, rogorc jan-
mrTelobis moTxovna. locva gamoricxulia, iseve, rogorc
asketuroba. aranairi kategoriuli imperativi, aranairi
iZuleba saerTod, Tundac monastris SigniT (romlis da-
toveba yovelTvis SesaZlebelia). es yvelaferi gadaWarbebu-
li gaRizianebadobis intensificirebis saSualeba iqneboda.
swored amitom buda aranair brZolas ar iTxovs maTTan, vinc
gansxvavebulad fiqrobs. misi moZRvreba yvelaze mZlavrad
SurisZiebis, siZulvilis, ressentiment-is23 winaaRmdegaa
mimarTuli („mtrobiT ar daiZleva mtroba“ mTeli budizmis
amaRelvebeli refrenia). da es samarTlianicaa: swored es
afeqtebi iqneboda sruliad arajanmrTeli mTavar, dietikur
mizanTan mimarTebiT. sulier daqanculobas, romelic zed-
met „obieqtivirebaSi“ gamoixateba (individualuri interesis
Sesusteba, wonasworobisa da „egoizmis“ dakargva), igi imiT
ebrZvis, rom yvelaze sulier interesebs mkacrad piradul
xasiaTs aniWebs. budas moZRvrebaSi egoizmi valdebulebadaa
qceuli. „erTaderTia aucilebeli: rogor ganTavisuflde
tanjvisgan“, _ es debuleba aregulirebs da gansazRvravs
mTel sulier dietas (SesaZloa, is aTenelic gavixsenoT,
romelmac, aseve, brZola gamoucxada wminda „mecnierulo-
bas“, kerZod, sokrate, romelmac piradi egoizmi problemaTa
sferoSi moralad aqcia).

21.

metismetad rbili klimati, zne-CveulebaTa sirbile da

liberaluroba, militarizmis uaryofa; aseve, is garemoeba,
rom moZraobis keras maRali, TviT swavluli fenebi warmoad-
genda _ ai, ra qmnis budizmis winapirobebs. uzenaes miznad
44
dasaxulia mxiaruleba, simSvide, survilebis ararseboba da
am mizans aRweven kidec. budizmi ar aris religia, romel-
Sic srulyofilebisken mxolod iswrafvian: srulyofileba
aq normaluri SemTxvevaa.
qristianobaSi wina planze daqvemdebarebulTa da daCa-
grulTa instinqtebia wamoweuli: masSi xsnas umdablesi fenebi
eZieben. codvis kazuistika, TviTkritika, sindisis inkvizicia
aq danergilia, rogorc saqmianoba, rogorc saSualeba mow-
yenilobis winaaRmdeg; aq gamudmebiT (locvis meSveobiT)
xdeba gznebis SenarCuneba Zlevamosili arsebisadmi, romel-
ic „RmerTad“ iwodeba; umaRlesi aq moiazreba, rogorc mi-
uRweveli, rogorc ZRveni, rogorc „wyaloba“. qristianoba,
aseve, sicxadesac moisaklisebs: bneli adgili, jurRmuli _
ai, ra aris qristianuli. aq sxeuli sZulT, xolo higienas
uaryofen, rogorc mgrZnobiarobas. eklesia sisufTavesac
ki zurgs aqcevs (qristianTa upirvelesi RonisZieba mavrTa
gandevnis Semdeg sazogadoebriv abanoTa daxurva iyo, ro-
melTa ricxvi marto kordobaSi 270-mde gaxldaT). garkveuli
gagebiT qristianoba aris sisastike sakuTari Tavisa da sx-
vebis mimarT, gansxvavebulad moazrovneTa siZulvili, neba
devnisken. pirquSi da amaRelvebeli warmodgenebi aq pirvel
planzea. mdgomareobebi, romelTa miRweva surT da amaRle-
bul saxelebs akuTvneben, _ epilepturi mdgomareobebia. di-
eta morgebulia imas, rom avadmyofur gamovlinebebs uwyob-
des xels da ukiduresad aRizianebdes nervebs. qristianoba
aris samkvdro-sasisocxlo mtroba miwis mbrZaneblebTan,
„warCinebulebTan“, imavdroulad ki faruli, maluli paeqro-
ba maTTan (maT utoveben „xorcs“, TavisTvis mxolod „suli“
surT). qristianoba _ es aris gonebis, siamayis, mamacobis, Ta-
visuflebis siZulvili; esaa gonebis libertinage.24 qristianoba
aris grZnobebis, grZnobaTa sixarulis, zogadad sixarulis
siZulvili...

45
 22.

rodesac qristianobam Tavdapirveli niadagi (anu umdable-

si fenebi, antikuri samyaros naleqi) datova, rodesac is bar-
barosul xalxebs Soris gaemarTa Zalauflebis saZebrad, mis
saSen masalas ukve aRar warmoadgendnen daqanculi adamiane-
bi. aq mas saqme hqonda Sinaganad gavelurebul adamianebTan,
romlebic erTmaneTs fleTdnen _ ZlierebTan, magram uiR-
bloebTan. sakuTari TaviT ukmayofilebas, sakuTari Tavis
tanjvas aq ara aqvs Warbi gaRizianebadobisa da tkivilis
aRqmis xasiaTi, rogorc es budistebis SemTxvevaSia, ufro
piriqiTaa _ isini vlindebian tkivilis miyenebisken metisme-
tad Zlier swrafvaSi, mtruli saqcielisa da warmodgenebis
meSveobiT Sinagani daZabulobis moxsnaSi. qristianobas bar-
barosuli cnebebi da Sefasebebi sWirdeboda, raTa barbarose-
bze mbrZanebloba moepovebina. esenia: pirmSos msxverplad
Sewirva, ziareba sisxlis smis saxiT, sulisa da kulturis si-
Zulvili, yvela saxis _ grZnobieri da zegrZnobi eri _ wameba,
kultis pompezuroba. budizmi _ ufro mowifuli adamianebis
religiaa; keTili, faqizi, Warbi sulierebis mqone rasebis,
romlebic metismetad mgrZnobiareni arian tkivilis mimarT
(evropa jer kidev ar momwifebula saamisod); esaa maTi dab-
runeba mxiarulebisa da mSvidobisken, sulis dietis, sxeulis
erTgvari gakaJebisken. qristianobas surs, batonoba moipov-
os velur cxovelebze. misi saSualeba am miznis misaRwevad _
maTi sneulebad qcevaa. sustad qceva _ esaa moTvinierebis,
„civilizaciasTan morgebis“ qristianuli recepti. budizmi
civilizaciis daRlilobisa da dasasrulis religiaa, xolo
qristianoba jer kidev ar icnobs civilizacias. Tumca, xe-
lsayreli garemoebebis SemTxvevaSi igi mas Tavad ayalibebs.

46
 23.

kidev erTxel gavimeoreb: budizmi asjer ufro civi, mar-

Tali da obieqturia. is ukve aRar saWiroebs sakuTari tanj-
visa da avadmyofobis gakeTilSobilebas maTi rogorc cod-
vis interpretaciiT. is ubralod imas ambobs, rasac fiqrobs:
„me vitanjebi“. barbarosisTvis, piriqiT, tanjva TavisTavad
aris raRac uxamsi: mas garkveuli formiT ganmarteba sWir-
deba, raTa sakuTar TavTan aRiaros, rom itanjeba (misi in-
stinqti mas, upirveles yovlisa, imas karnaxobs, rom tanjva
misi damalvis gziT uaryos). sityva „eSmaki“ aq keTilqmedebad
warmoCnda. misi saxiT Zlevamosili da Zlieri mteri hyavdaT:
aseTi mtrisgan tanjva ukve aRar aris samarcxvino.
qristianobis safuZvlad ramdenime natifi momentia, ro-
melic aRmosavleTs ekuTvnis. upirveles yovlisa, misTvis
cnobilia, rom TavisTavad sul erTia, WeSmaritia raime Tu
ara, magram ukiduresad mniSvnelovania, ramdenad swamT, rom
raRac WeSmaritia. WeSmariteba da rwmena, rom mocemuli sa-
gani WeSmaritia _ ori sruliad gancalkevebuli interesis,
TiTqmis urTierTsawinaaRmdego samyaroa. erTsa da meor-
esTanac mivyavarT gzebs, romlebic safuZvelSive gansxvavebu-
lia. aRmosavleTSi amis codna imas niSnavs, rom ukve TiTqmis
brZeni xar. ase esmiT es brahmanebs, ase esmis es platons, iseve,
rogorc ezoTeruli sibrZnis yvela Semswavlels. magaliTad,
Tu bedniereba isaa, rom gwamdes codvisgan xsna, amisTvis ar
aris aucilebeli, rom adamiani codvili iyos, aramed mxolod
is, rom igi Tavs codvilad grZnobdes. magram, Tuki, upir-
veles yovlisa, rwmenaa aucilebeli, maSin goneba, Semecneba,
Zieba diskreditebuli unda iqnas: WeSmaritebisken mimavali
gza akrZalul gzad cxaddeba. _ Zlieri imedi gacilebiT
ufro didi cxovrebiseuli stimulia, vidre esa Tu is ganxor-
cielebuli bedniereba. tanjulebs unda davexmaroT imediT,
_ romelsac ver daamxobs veranairi sinamdvile, romelic ar
gaqreba misi aRsrulebiT, _ imqveyniuris imediT (swored imis
gamo, rom mas SeeZlo, Semweoba gaewia ubedurTaTvis, imedi
47
berZnebTan borotebad iTvleboda, yvelaze verag borotebad
arsebulTagan: is borotebis WurWelSi darCa.)25 _ siyvaruli
rom SesaZlebeli iyos, RmerTi pirovnebas unda warmoadgen-
des; imisTvis, rom am dros umdablesi instinqtebi alaparakd-
nen, RmerTi, amasTanave, axalgazrdac unda iyos. qalebis aR-
sagznebad wina planze brwyinvale wmindani unda gamosuliyo,
kacebisTvis _ mariami. es yvelaferi ki im daSvebiT, rom qris-
tianobas iq surs gabatoneba, sadac kultis cneba ukve gani-
sazRvra afroditesa da adonisis kultiT. ubiwoebis moTx-
ovna aZlierebs religiuri instinqtis Sinagan gznebas _ is
kults ufro cocxals, suliers, meocnebes xdis. _ siyvaruli
iseTi mdgomareobaa, rodesac adamiani sagnebs umeteswilad
iseTad xedavs, rogoric isini ar arian. aq iluziis Zala ba-
tonobs, romelic erTdroulad gardaqmnis da aamebs kidec.
siyvarulis dros metis gadatana, TiTqmis yvelafris gaZle-
baa SesaZlebeli. aucilebelia gamogoneba religiisa, romel-
ic siyvaruliT iqneba gamsWvaluli. siyvaruliT yvelaze cu-
dis gavlaa SesaZlebeli cxovrebaSi: aseT rameebs ukve verc
ki amCnev. _ ai, ra SeiZleba iTqvas sami qristianuli siqvelis
_ rwmenis, imedisa da siyvarulis _ Sesaxeb. me maT sam qris-
tianul xriks vuwodeb. _ budizmi metismetad momwifebuli da
amasTanave, metismetad pozitivisturia imisTvis, rom msgavs
xrikebs mimarTos.

24.

aq me mxolod qristianobis warmoqmnis problemas Sevexe-

bi. misi gadawyvetis pirveli debuleba ambobs: qristianobis
gageba SeiZleba mxolod im niadagTan kavSirSi, romlidanac is
amoizarda. is ar aris iudauri instinqtisadmi mtrulad gan-
wyobili moZraoba, is aris misi Tanmimdevruli ganviTareba,
kidev erTi daskvna logikur jaWvSi, SiSis zars rom gvcems.
48
macxovris formulirebiT rom vTqvaT: „xsna iudevelebisgan
modis“. _ meore debuleba ambobs: galilevelis fsiqologi-
uri tipi SeiZleba kidev gavigoT, Tumca am tipaJis sruli
gadagvareba gaxda saWiro (rasac Tan erTvoda misi damaxinjeba
da gadatvirTva ucxo TvisebebiT), raTa igi gamosadegi yo-
filiyo imisTvis, risTvisac gamoyenebuli iqna, anu yofiliyo
kacobriobis mxsnelis tipi.
ebraelebi yvelaze gamorCeuli xalxia msoflio istori-
aSi, radgan maT, yofna-aryofnis SekiTxvis winaSe myofebma,
Tavzardamcemi cnobierebiT airCies yofna nebismier fasad.
es fasi ki iyo mTeli bunebis, bunebriobis, yovelgvari real-
obis, mTeli Sinagani samyaros, iseve, rogorc gareganis, radi-
kaluri gayalbeba. isini gaemijnen yvela pirobas, romelSic
SeeZlo da unda ecxovra xalxs. maT sakuTari Tavidan Seqmnes
bunebrivi pirobebis sawinaaRmdego cneba, gamousworebeli
gziT da Tanmimdevrulad aqcies religia, kulti, morali, is-
toria, fsiqologia am cnebaTa bunebrivi faseulobebis wi-
naaRmdegobad. msgavs movlenas Cven kidev erTxel vxvdebiT
(Seudareblad gazviadebuli proporciiT, Tumcki mxolod
aslis saxiT): „wminda xalxTan“ SedarebiT, qristianul ekle-
sias ara aqvs ufleba, originalobis pretenzia hqondes. ama-
vdroulad, ebraelebi msoflio istoriis yvelaze sabediswe-
ro xalxia: Tavisi Semdgomi gavleniT maT imdenad daamaxinjes
kacobrioba, rom qristians dResac SeuZlia, sakuTari Tavi
anti-iudevelad SeigrZnos imis gaazrebis gareSe, rom igi mx-
olod iudaizmis ukanaskneli logikuri daskvnaa.
„moralis genealogiaSi“ me pirvelad warmovadgine
fsiqologiur WrilSi keTilSobiluri moralisa da ressen-
timent-is moralis winaaRmdegoba. Ressentiment-is morali
keTilSobiluri moralis uaryofis Sedegad warmoiSva. ma-
gram iudaur-qristianuli morali swored aseTi uaryofaa da
meti araferi. raTa uari eTqva yvelafrisTvis, rac dedamiwaze
sicocxlis aRmaval moZraobas, iRbals, Zalas, mSvenierebas,
TviTdamkvidrebas warmoadgens, _ didostatad qceul ressen-
timent-is instinqts sxva samyaro unda moefiqrebina, romlis

49
perspeqtividan sicocxlis ganmtkicebis nebismieri mcdelo-
ba mxolod da mxolod borotebas da uRirsebas warmoadgen-
da. fsiqologiuri SemowmebiT ebraeli eri yvelaze mtkice
cxovrebiseuli Zalis mqone eria. warmoudgenel pirobebSi
myofi, is nebayoflobiT, TviTgadarCenis Rrma da brZnuli
niWidan, décadence-is yvela instinqtis mxares iWers, _ ara
imitom, rom is flobs mas, aramed im mizeziT, rom maTSi miag-
no man Zalas, romlis meSveobiTac SeuZlia, win aRudges „sam-
yaros“. ebraelebi _ yvela décadent-is sapirispironi arian:
maT SeZles décadent-ebis TamaSi iqamde, vidre maTi iluzia ar
Seqmnes. samsaxiobo ostatobis non plus ultra-Ti26 maT icodnen,
rogor moeqciaT sakuTari Tavi décadence-is yvela moZraobis
saTaveSi (msgavsad pavles qristianobisa), raTa misgan Seeqm-
naT iseTi ram, romelic cxovrebis ganmamtkicebel nebismier
moZraobaze ufro Zlieri iqneboda. adamianis im saxeobisTvis,
romelic iudaizmsa da qristianobaSi Zalauflebas eswrafvis,
anu mRvdlebis modgmisTvis, _ décadence mxolod saSuale-
baa: adamianTa am saxeobis cxovrebiseuli interesi imaSi md-
gomareobs, rom kacobrioba sneulad aqcios, raTa cnebebi
„keTili“ da „boroti“, „WeSmariti“ da „mcdari“ cxovrebisTvis
saxifaTo azriT daamaxinjos, rac samyaros ciliswamebas war-
moadgens.

25.

israelis istoria27 Seufasebelia, rogorc tipiuri ga-

moxatuleba procesisa, romlis meSveobiT bunebrivma faseu-
lobebma yovelgvari bunebrioba dakarges. am procesidan xuT
faqts gamovyof. Tavdapirvelad, mefeTa dros, ebraeli xalx-
ic yvela movlenisadmi swor, anu bunebriv damokidebulebaSi
iyo. misi iahve gamoxatavda Zalauflebis gacnobierebas, six-
aruls, sakuTari Tavis imeds. misgan moelodnen gamarjvebasa
da xsnas, misiT endobodnen bunebas, rom is miscemdaT imas,
50
rac xalxs sWirdeboda, upirveles yovlisa _ wvimas. iahve is-
raelis da, Sesabamisad, samarTlianobis RmerTia. aseTia yve-
la eris logika, romelic Zalas flobs da sufTa sindisiT
iyenebs mas. dResaswaulebSi xalxis TviTdamkvidrebis es ori
saxe vlindeba: is madlieria diadi bedisweris gamo, romel-
ic upirates mdgomareobaSi aqcevs mas, madlieria weliwadis
droTa wriuli cvlilebisTvis, madlieria iRblisTvis me-
saqonleobasa da miwaTmoqmedebaSi. _ es mdgomareoba idealad
kidev didxans rCeboda mas Semdeg, rac is sevdianad dasrul-
da: anarqia Signidan, xolo asurelebi _ garedan. magram eri
yvelaze maRal Sefasebas mefes aZlevda _ karg jariskacsa da
imavdroulad, mkacr msajuls: ase esmoda es pirvel rigSi
isaias, am tipiur winaswarmetyvels (Tanamedroveobis kri-
tikossa da satirikoss). _ magram imedi ar ganxorcielda.
Zvel RmerTs ukve aRaraferi SeeZlo iqedan, rac adre ZaluZ-
da. masze uari unda eTqvaT. magram ra moxda? Secvales Rmer-
Tis cneba, mas bunebrioba CamoaSores da am fasad Sein-
arCunes igi. _ iahve _ „samarTlianobis“ RmerTi _ ukve aRar
warmoadgens erTobas israelTan, is aRar aris eris TviTSeg-
nebis gamoxatuleba: is mxolod pirobiTi RmerTia... mis Sesax-
eb Sexeduleba iqca iaraRad mRvdel-agitatorTa xelSi, rom-
lebic axla ukve bednierebas ganmartavdnen, rogorc jildos,
ubedurebas ki, rogorc danaSauls RmerTis daumorCileblo-
bisTvis, rogorc „codvas“. es iyo moCvenebiTi „zneobrivi
msoflwesrigis“ yvelaze damaxinjebuli interpretacia, rom-
lis meSveobiT samudamod iryvneba „mizezisa“ da „moqmedebis“
bunebrivi cnebebi. rodesac jildosa da danaSaulTan erTad
samyarodan gandevnil iqna bunebrivi mizezobrioba, warmoiS-
va arabunebrivi mizezobriobis saWiroeba. mTeli Semdgomi
arabunebrioba aqedan momdinareobs. RmerTi, romelic moiTx-
ovs, _ nacvlad RmerTisa, romelic exmareba, rCevas iZleva da
romelic gambedaobisa da TviTndobis yoveli iRbliani aRma-
frenis saTavea... morali metad aRar warmoadgens sicocxlis
uRrmesi instinqtebis, xalxis sasicocxlo da ganviTarebi-
sTvis aucilebeli pirobebis gamoxatulebas. is abstraqtu-

51
li, cxovrebasTan dapirispirebuli xdeba. morali fanta-
ziis fundamenturi Seryvnaa, „avi Tvalia“ samyaros mimarT.
ras warmoadgens iudauri da qristianuli morali? es aris
SemTxveviToba, romelic ubiwoebas moisaklisebs; ubedureba,
SebRaluli „codvis“ cnebiT; keTildReoba, rogorc safrTxe,
rogorc „cduneba“; sindisis mier moSxamuli fiziologiurad
cudi ganwyoba.

26.

RmerTis cneba gayalbebulia, moralis cneba gayalbebu-

lia, magram ebraeli mRvdlebi amaze ar SeCerdnen. SegveZlo
israelis mTeli istoriis gareSe gavsuliyaviT fons: Sors
Cvengan... am qurumebma gayalbebidan saswauli Seqmnes, rom-
lis dokumentur dadasturebas bibliis gvariani nawili war-
moadgens. maT mwared dascines yovelgvar gadmocemas da is-
toriul sinamdviles da sakuTari eris warsuli religiaSi
gadaitanes. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, am warsulidan xsnis
blagvi meqanizmi Seqmnes, romelSic erTadaa moqceuli iahves
winaaRmdeg danaSauli da sasjeli, RvTismosaoba da jildo.
istoriuli gayalbebis am ukiduresad samarcxvino aqts Cven
gacilebiT mtkivneulad aRviqvamdiT, eklesiis mier istoriis
aTaswlovan ganmartebas rom ar daeClungebina CvenSi pati-
osnebisadmi moTxovna in historicis.28 eklesias filosofosebi
ukravdnen kvers: „zneobrivi msoflwesrigis“ siyalbe mTeli,
TviT Tanamedrove, filosofiis ganviTarebas gasdevs. ras
niSnavs „zneobrivi msoflwesrigi“? imas, rom erTxel da samu-
damod arsebobs RmerTis neba imasTan mimarTebiT, Tu risi
ufleba aqvs adamians da risi _ ara; rom xalxisa da calkeuli
pirovnebis faseuloba imiT izomeba, Tu ramdenad emorCileba
igi RmerTis nebas; rom xalxisa da calkeuli pirovnebis bed-
Si RmerTis nebas gabatonebuli mdgomareoba ukavia, anu isaa

52
damsjeli da jildos gamcemi, Tanaxmad morCilebis xarisxi-
sa. _ am ususuri sicruis sawinaaRmdegod, sinamdvile ambobs:
parazitia is adamiani, romelic yovelive janmrTelis xarjze
aRwevs warmatebas, _ anu, mRvdeli, RmerTis saxels rom
iyenebs borotad. viTarebas, romelSic igi Tavad gansazRvravs
faseulobebs, mRvdeli „RvTis sasufevels“ uwodebs, xolo sa-
Sualebas, romliTac aseTi mdgomareoba miiRweva da narCunde-
ba _ „RvTis nebas“. civsisxliani cinizmiT zomavs is xalxebs,
epoqebsa da calkeul pirovnebebs mRvdelTa ZalauflebisTvis
sargeblianobis sazomiT. daakvirdiT maT saqmianobas: ebrael
mRvdelTa xelSi israelis istoriis diadi epoqa daRmasvlis
xanad iqca; gandevna, xangrZlivi ubedureba maradiul sasje-
lad iqca warsulis im diadi epoqis gamo, rodesac mRvdeli
jer kidev arafers warmoadgenda... israelis istoriis Zlieri,
Zalze Tavisufali, warmatebuli figurebidan maT, sakuTari
moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, Seqmnes ususuri gaiZverebi da fari-
sevlebi, an „uRmerToebi“. yvela diadi movlenis fsiqologia
maT „RmerTis morCilebis an daumorCileblobis“ idioturi
formuliT gaamartives. _ kidev erTi nabiji win: „RmerTis
neba“ (anu pirobebi mRvdlis Zalauflebis SesanarCuneblad)
cnobili unda gaxdes. amisTvis aucilebelia „gamocxadeba“.
germanulad: warmoiSveba diadi literaturuli gayalbebis
aucilebloba da igoneben „wminda werils“. is sajaro xdeba
mTeli hieratuli29 pompezurobiT, rasac Tan sdevs sinanulis
dReebi ZvelTaZveli „codvis“ Sesaxeb godebiT. „RmerTis neba“
ukve didi xania, cnobili iyo. ubedureba isaa, rom adamianebi
gaucxovdnen „wminda werilisgan“... „RmerTis neba“ jer kidev
mosesTvis iyo gacxadebuli... ra moxda? erTxel da samuda-
mod, mkacrad, pedanturad Camoayaliba qurumma, ra surda
mas, „raSi iyo RmerTis neba“, didi da mcire gadasaxadis CaT-
vliT, romlebic misTvis unda gadaexadaT (mas ar daviwyebia
xorcis yvelaze gemrieli naWrebi, radgan qurumi bifSteqs-
Ta STanmTqmelia)... mas Semdeg mTeli cxovreba isea mowyo-
bili, rom mRvdlis gareSe versad gadixar fons. cxovrebis
yvela bunebriv movlenaSi _ iqneba es dabadeba, qorwine-

53
ba, avadmyofoba Tu sikvdili, „msxverplis Sewirvaze“ (tra-
pezi) rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, _ modis wminda paraziti, raTa
am yvelafers bunebrioba CamoaSoros, „akurTxos“ igi, Tu mis
leqsikas gamoviyenebT... aucileblad unda aRiniSnos: yoveli
bunebrivi adaTi, yoveli bunebrivi instituti (saxelmwifo,
sasamarTlo, qorwineba, avadmyofebsa da sustebze zrunva),
yoveli moTxovna, romelic saTaves cxovrebis instinqtebSi
iRebs, _ mokled, yvelaferi, rasac TavisTavadi Rirebuleba
gaaCnia, mRvdlis parazitobis (an, Tu gnebavT, „zneobrivi mso-
flwesrigis“) meSveobiT, safuZvelSive hkargavs Rirebulebas,
anti-Rirebuleba xdeba. garda amisa, saWiro xdeba yovelive
amis damatebiTi sanqcionireba _ aucilebelia Rirebulebis
mimniWebeli Zala, romelic, bunebriobas uaryofs da, amasTa-
nave, Rirebulebas qmnis... mRvdeli aufasurebs bunebas, auw-
mindurebs mas: igi saerTod amis xarjze arsebobs. _ RmerTis
(anu mRvdlis) da „kanonis“ daumorCilebloba axla „codvis“
saxels iZens. „RmerTTan Serigebis“ saSualebebs, TavisTavad
cxadia, iseTebi warmoadgens, romlebic ufro safuZvlianad
uzrunvelyofen mRvdlisadmi morCilebas: mxolod mRvdels
ZaluZs „xsna“... fsiqologiur WrilSi Tu ganvixilavT, aR-
movaCenT, rom mRvdlebis mier organizebul sazogadoebaSi
„codvis“ arseboba gardauvalia. swored codvebi qmnian Za-
lauflebis namdvil meqanizms. mRvdeli codvebze cxovrobs;
igi saWiroebs imas, rom „scodavdnen“... umTavresi debuleba:
„RmerTi Seundobs mas, vinc inaniebs“ germanulad ase JRers:
„RmerTi Seundobs mas, vinc mRvdels emorCileba.“

27.

aseT yalb niadagze, sadac yovelive bunebrivi, yvela bune-

brivi faseuloba, yovelgvari realoba gabatonebuli klasis
uRrmes instinqtebs sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg aRagznebda,
amoizarda qristianoba, sinamdvilisadmi mtrobis yvelaze

54
mwvave forma, romelsac ki odesme uarsebia. „wminda xalxma“
yoveli movlenisTvis mxolod mRvdelTa faseulobebi da mR-
vdelTa sityvebi SeinarCuna da Semzaravi TanmimdevrulobiT
dagmo yvelaferi, rac jer kidev warmoadgenda am samyaroSi
Zalas (rac man monaTla rogorc „uwmindureba“, „amqveyniuro-
ba“ da „codva“). am xalxma sakuTari instinqtisTvis Camoayal-
iba saboloo formula, romelic Tavisi logikiT TviTuary-
ofamde midioda: qristianobis saxiT man uaryo sinamdvilis
ukanaskneli forma, romelic jer kidev iyo SemorCenili,
„wminda xalxi“, „rCeuli xalxi“, Tavad ebrauli sinamdvile.
umniSvnelovanesi movlena: mcire zomis meamboxe moZraoba,
romelic ieso nazarevelis saxeliT moinaTla, kidev erTxel
warmoadgens iudaur instinqts. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
esaa mRvdlis instinqti, romlisTvisac ukve gausaZlisia mR-
vdeli, rogorc realoba; esaa arsebobis kidev ufro ganzo-
gadebuli formis gamogoneba, samyaros Sesaxeb imaze ufro
naklebad realuri warmodgenis Seqmna, vidre es eklesiis or-
ganizaciiTaa ganpirobebuli. qristianoba uaryofs eklesias...
CemTvis gaugebaria, sxva ris winaaRmdeg SeiZleboda yo-
filiyo mimarTuli amboxeba, romlis moTaved, samarTlianad
Tu gaugebrobidan gamomdinare, ieso iTvleba, Tuki es ar iyo
amboxeba ebrauli eklesiis winaaRmdeg (sityva „eklesias“ dRe-
vandeli mniSvnelobiT viyenebT). es iyo amboxeba „keTilTa da
samarTlianTa“, „israelis wmindanTa“, sazogadoebrivi ier-
arqiis winaaRmdeg, _ ara maTi garyvnilebis gamo, aramed kastis,
privilegiis, wesis, formulis winaaRmdeg. es iyo urwmunoeba
„aRmatebuli adamianebis“ mimarT, yovelive imis uaryofa, rac
mRvdelsa da Teologs warmoadgenda. magram ierarqia, rome-
lic am yvelafriT wamiT mainc dgeboda eWvqveS, is ximinji
iyo, romelzec jer kidev axerxebda Tavis Sekavebas iudeveli
xalxi „wylis“ SuagulSi. es iyo gadarCenis rTulad miRweuli
ukanaskneli SesaZlebloba, ebraeli xalxis gamocalkevebuli
politikuri arsebobis residuum-i.30 masze Tavdasxma gaxldaT
Tavdasxma eris uRrmes instinqtze, eris yvelaze mtkice neba-
ze sicocxlisken, romelsac ki odesme uarsebia dedamiwaze.

55
es wminda anarqisti, romelmac gabatonebul wesrigs Tavisi
sityvebiT (romelTa gamoc, Tuki saxarebebs vendobiT, dRe-
sac cimbirisken ukravdnen adamians Tavs) umdablesi klasebi _
gandevnilebi da „codvilebi“, iudaizmis Candala _ daupirisp-
ira, politikuri damnaSave iyo, Tuki aseTis arseboba saerTod
SesaZlebelia absurdamde apolitikur sazogadoebaSi. aman
igi jvarTan miiyvana: amis mtkicebulebas jvarze gakeTebuli
warwera warmoadgens. igi sakuTari codvis gamo mokvda. ara-
nairi safuZveli ar gvaqvs, vamtkicoT, ramdenad xSiradac ar
unda akeTebdnen amas, rom igi sxvaTa codvebisTvis aResrula.

28.

sruliad gansxvavebulia kiTxva, acnobierebda Tu ara is

saerTod am antagonizms, Tu mxolod sxvebi grZnobdnen amas
masSi. aq me pirvelad vexebi macxovris fsiqologiis prob-
lemas. _ vaRiareb, rom mcirea im wignebis raodenoba, rom-
lebsac iseTi sirTuliT vkiTxulob, rogorc saxarebebs. sir-
Tuleebi ar aris im xasiaTis, romelTa dadgenaSi germanuli
sulis swavlulma cnobismoyvareobam Tavisi dauviwyari tri-
umfi izeima. Sorsaa is dro, rodesac me, yvela axalgazrda
swavlulis msgavsad, natifi filologis keTilgonivruli
sidinjiT vagemovnebdi Seudarebeli Strausis nawarmoebs. ma-
Sin 20 wlis viyavi: axla metismetad seriozuli var amisTvis.
ra saqme maqvs me „gadmocemaTa“ winaaRmdegobebTan? saerTod
rogor SeiZleba „gadmocema“ ewodos legendebs wmindanTa Ses-
axeb? wmindanTa istoria _ yvelaze orazrovani literatu-
raa, romelic ki saerTod arsebobs. mecnieruli meTodebis
gamoyeneba iq, sadac ar gagvaCnia pirvelwyaroebi, imTaviTve
sruliad uimedo wamowyebad, mecnieris unayofo meocnebeo-
bad mimaCnia...

56
 29.

rac Semexeba me, CemTvis macxovris fsiqologiuri tipia

saintereso. is saxarebebSic ki SeiZleboda yofiliyo Senar-
Cunebuli, isev da isev am saxarebebis miuxedavad, romlebic
amaxinjebdnen da ucxo TvisebebiT amkobdnen mas. ase iqna
francisk asizeli SenarCunebuli mis Sesaxeb legendebSi, Ta-
vad am legendebis sapirispirod. Cven ar gvainteresebs imis
garkveva, Tu ra gaakeTa man sinamdvileSi, ra Tqva, rogor mok-
vda; mniSvnelovania kiTxva, SesaZlebelia Tu ara misi tipis
warmodgena, gvaZlevs Tu ara „gadmocema“ sakmaris masalas mis
warmosadgenad. _ me vicnob saxarebidan TviT „sulis“ isto-
riis amokiTxvis mcdelobasac. Cemi azriT, es fsiqologiuri
qarafSutobis mtkicebulebaa, rac siZulvils imsaxurebs. ba-
toni renani, es jambazi in psychologicis,31 iesos tipis asaxsne-
lad or yvelaze warmoudgenel cnebas gvTavazobs, romlebic
ki saerTod SesaZlebelia: geniosisa da gmiris (héros) cne-
bebs. Tuki SesaZlebelia, raimes arasaxarebiseuli vuwodoT,
esaa „gmiris“ cneba. yvelaferi, rac ki ewinaaRmdegeba brZo-
las da sabrZolo ganwyobilebas, aq instinqtadaa qceuli. wi-
naaRmdegobis gawevis uunaroba aq moralad gadaiqca („win nu
aRudgebiT borots“ _ saxarebis yvelaze Rrma sazrisis mqone
debulebaa, garkveuli gagebiT misi gasaRebia); mSvidobiT,
TvinierebiT, mtrad yofnis uunarobiT tkboba. ra aris „xare-
ba“? _ napovnia WeSmariti, maradiuli cxovreba. is ara mxolod
aRTqmulia, aramed aq aris, TqvenSia: rogorc cxovreba siy-
varulSi daTmobisa da gamonaklisis, distanciis gareSe.
yvela RmerTis pirmSoa, _ ieso araferze acxadebs preten-
zias mxolod sakuTari TavisTvis, _ rogorc RmerTis pirm-
So, yvela Tanabaria... am iesodan gmiri Seqmnes! _ da rogori
gaugebrobaa „geniosis“ cneba! Cveni warmodgena „sulis“ Sesax-
eb, mTlianad kulturuli warmodgena _ im samyaroSi, romel-
Sic ieso cxovrobs, sruliad azrs moklebulia. fiziologis
simkacriT Tu visaubrebT, aq sruliad sxva sityva iqneboda
57
marTebuli _ „idioti“. CvenTvis cnobilia Sexebis grZnobis
avadmyofuri gaRizianebis mdgomareoba, rodesac yoveli Sex-
ebisas, myar saganTan yoveli mikarebisas adamians tanSi Jru-
anteli uvlis. warmovidginoT aseTi fiziologiuri habitus-i
mis saboloo logikur gamovlinebaSi: rogorc siZulvilis in-
stinqti yovelgvari sinamdvilis winaaRmdeg; rogorc gaqceva
„SeucnobelSi“, „auxsnelSi“; rogorc zurgis Seqceva yoveli
formulis, yoveli cnebisTvis, rac drosa da sivrcesTanaa ka-
vSirSi, yvelafrisTvis, rac myaria, rac adaTia, instituciaa,
eklesiaa; rogorc myofoba iseT samyaroSi, romelsac aranai-
ri Sexeba aRar aqvs realobasTan; cxovreba mxolod „Sinagan“,
„WeSmarit“, „maradiul“ samyaroSi. „TviTon TqvenSia RvTis sa-
sufeveli“...32

30.

realobis instinqturi siZulvili: esaa tanjvisa da gaRiz-

ianebisadmi ukiduresi mgrZnobelobis Sedegi, romelic yvela
saxis „Sexebas“ gaurbis, radgan is mis mier metismetad Rrmad
aRiqmeba.
yovelgvari cudi damokidebulebis, mtrobis, grZnobaSi
sazRvrebisa da manZilis instinqturad Tavidan arideba tan-
jvisa da gaRizianebisadmi ukiduresi mgrZnobelobis Sedegia,
romelic yvela saxis winaaRmdegobas, winaaRmdegobis yovel
aucileblobas ganicdis, rogorc ukidures ukmayofilebas
(anu, rogorc TviTgadarCenis instinqtis mier uaryofils,
rogorc mavnebels) da sakuTar netarebas (siamovnebas) imaSi
xedavs, rom aravis da arafers gauwios winaaRmdegoba, _ arc
borots da arc borotebas, _ siyvaruli, rogorc cxovrebis
erTaderTi, ukanaskneli SesaZlebloba...
58
 esaa ori fiziologiuri realoba, romelzec da rom-
lebidanac xsnis Sesaxeb swavleba amoizarda. me mas vuwodeb
hedonizmis umaRles ganviTarebas sruliad avadmyofur sa-
fuZvelze. mis monaTesaves, Tumca berZnuli sicocxlisuna-
rianobiTa da nervuli Zalis mometebuli danarTiT, warmoad-
gens epikureizmi, xsnis Sesaxeb warmarTuli swavleba. epikure
tipiuri décadent-ia, romelic pirvelad Cems mier iqna aRi-
arebuli aseTad. _ tkivilis, Tundac usasrulod mcire tki-
vilis SiSs SeuZlebelia sxva dasasruli hqondes, Tu ara si-
yvarulis religiaSi...

31.

me winaswar gaveci pasuxi aRniSnul problemas. mis winap-

irobas is warmoadgens, rom macxovris tipi Cven Zlier damax-
injebuli saxiT miviReT. Tumca, es damaxinjeba sakmaod dama-
jerebelia. aseTi tipi mravali mizeziT ar SeiZleboda sufTa,
mTliani, minarevebisgan Tavisufali darCeniliyo. masze saku-
Tari kvali unda daetovebina rogorc garemos (romelSic mi-
moiqceoda es ucxo figura) da kidev ufro metad _ istorias,
pirveli qristianuli Temis beds. man es tipi retrospeqtu-
lad iseTi TvisebebiT gaamdidra, romlebic gasagebi mxolod
brZolis da propagandis miznebiT xdeba. im ucnaursa da avad-
myof samyaros, romelSic saxarebebs SevyavarT, _ rogorc
rusuli romanis samyaros, sadac sazogadoebis naleqi, ner-
vuli tanjva da „bavSvuri“ idiotizmi TiTqos gangeb xvdebi-
an erTmaneTs _ nebismier SemTxvevaSi unda gaeuxeSebina es
tipaJi. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis pirvel mowafeebze, romleb-
mac, imisTvis, rom raime gaegoT, es simbolursa da gauge-
barSi ganfenili arseboba sakuTari siuxeSis enaze Targmnes.
maTTvis tipaJi mxolod mas Semdeg arsebobda, rac is ufro
59
cnobil formebSi Camoisxa... winaswarmetyveli, mesia, moma-
vali msajuli, zneobis mqadagebeli, saswaulmoqmedi, ioane
naTlismcemeli _ ai, ramdeni garemoeba arsebobda aRniSnuli
tipaJis dasamaxinjeblad... dabolos, naklebad nu SevafasebT
yoveli diadi, gansakuTrebiT ki seqtanturi Tayvaniscemis
proprium-s:33 is Slis originalur, xSirad ki ucxo da mtan-
jvel Tvisebebsa da idiosinkraziebs Tayvaniscemis obieqtSi
_ is maT verc ki xedavs. dasanania, rom am yvelaze ufro sain-
tereso décadent-is gverdiT ar cxovrobda romelime dosto-
evski, an vinme, vinc SeZlebda amaRlebulis, avadmyofurisa da
bavSvuris aseTi nazavis aRqmas. ukanaskneli mosazreba: tips
SeeZlo, rogorc décadence-is tips, Tavis TavSi mravali da
winaaRmdegobrivi SeeTavsebina. aseTi SesaZlebloba sruliad
ar aris gamoricxuli. magram yvelaferi swored amis sawi-
naaRmdegod metyvelebs: gadmocema aseT SemTxvevaSi sruliad
sando da obieqturi unda yofiliyo. yvelaferi ki sawinaaRm-
degos varauds gvaiZulebs. arsebobs veeberTela winaaRmde-
goba, erTi mxriv, mTaze, zRvasa da mdeloze mqadagebelsa da
meore mxriv, fanatikos Tavdamsxmels, TeologTa da qurumTa
ulmobel mters Soris. pirvel SemTxvevaSi igi budas hgavs
da misi gamoCena, Tumcki araindur miwaze, sasiamovno gaoce-
bas iwvevs. meore figura ki renanis RvarZlma ganadida, ro-
gorc „le grand maitre en ironie“.34 me Tavadac ar mepareba eWvi,
rom naRvelis35 (da SesaZloa aseve esprit36) sakmao ulufa moZ-
Rvris tipaJSi qristianuli propagandis aRgznebuli mdgo-
mareobidan gadavida. sakmarisad kargadaa cnobili seqtantTa
mouridebloba, romlebic TavianTi maswavleblisgan sakuTar
apologias TiTxnian. rodesac pirvel Tems sxva TeologTa
winaaRmdeg ganmsjeli, anCxli, mrisxane, RvarZliani da cbi-
eri Teologi dasWirda, man Tavisi moTxovnilebebis mixedviT
Seqmna sakuTari „RmerTi“: maT uyoymanod moaqcies mis bageeb-
Si sruliad arasaxarebiseuli cnebebi, romelTa gareSec isi-
ni fons ver gavidodnen. esenia: „meored mosvla“, „gankiTxvis
dRe“, yovelgvari saxis molodini da aRTqma.

60
 32.

kidev erTxel vityvi, Sors var im azrisgan, rom macxovris

tipSi fanatizmis Tvisebebi Sevitano. sityva imperieux,37 rome-
lic renanma gamoiyena, saerTod anadgurebs am tipaJs. „xare-
ba“ aris is sasixarulo ambavi, rom winaaRmdegobebi aRar
arsebobs; rom RvTis sasufeveli bavSvebs ekuTvnis. rwmena,
romelic aq acxadebs sakuTar Tavs, dapyrobiT ar moipov-
eba. is aq aris dasabamiTve, is TiTqos sulierebis sferoSi
dabrunebuli bavSvobaa. sul mcire, fiziologebisTvis mainc
aris cnobili, rom Senelebuli da ganuviTarebeli sqesobrivi
simwifis SemTxveva gadagvarebis Sedegia. _ aseTi rwmenisTvis
ucxoa ganrisxeba, is ar kicxavs, ar icavs Tavs: mas ar upyria
xelT „maxvili“. is winaswar ver grZnobs, ramdenad SeiZleba
iqces gamTiSvel sawyisad. igi ar saWiroebs sabuTebs arc sas-
wauliT, arc jildoTi, an aRTqmiT, da arc „wminda weriliT“:
is yovel wams aris Tavisi saswauli, Tavisi jildo, Tavisi
sabuTi, Tavisi „RvTis sasufeveli“. es rwmena sakuTari Tavis
formulirebasac ki ar axdens _ is cxovrobs, is zurgs aqcevs
formulebs. rasakvirvelia, garemoSi enaSi, ganaTlebaSi arse-
buli SemTxveviTi faqtorebi garkveul cnebaTa wres gansaz-
Rvravs: pirvelyofili qristianoba mxolod iudaur-semitur
cnebebs flobs (amas ganekuTvneba SeWma da Sesma saidumlo
serobis dros. aRniSnuli cneba, iseve rogorc yovelive
ebrauli,38 eklesiam borotad gamoiyena). magram, dae frTxi-
lad iyvnen da amaSi niSanTa enis, semiotikisa da igavis sababis
garda sxva araferi dainaxon. imisTvis, rom am anti-realistma
saerTod SeZlos saubari, man arc erTi sityva ar unda miiRos
sityvasityviTi mniSvnelobiT. indoelebs Soris igi sanqhi-
as cnebebiT isargeblebda, CineTSi _ lao Zis da imavdrou-
lad veranair gansxvavebas ver igrZnobda. _ SesaZlebelia,
iesosTvis „Tavisufali suli“ gvewodebina am sityvis farTo
mniSvnelobiT. misTvis araferia mdgradi: sityva klavs; yve-

61
laferi, rac myaria, klavs. „cxovrebis“ cneba, „cxovrebis“
gamocdileba, _ ai, erTaderTi, rac misTvisaa misawvdomi da
rac masTan yvela saxis formulas, sityvas, kanons, rwmenas,
dogmas ewinaaRmdegeba. igi mxolod Rrmad Sinaganis Sesaxeb
saubrobs. „cxovreba“, „WeSmariteba“, „Suqi“ _ es misi si-
tyvebia yvelaze Sinaganis gamoxatvisTvis. sxva yvelafers,
mTel sinamdviles, bunebas, enasac ki, misTvis mxolod niSnis,
igavis mniSvneloba aqvs. _ aq ver davuSvebT Secdomas, ram-
denad didic ar unda iyos cduneba, romelic qristianul,
ufro sworad, eklesiur crurwmenaSi Zevs: aseTi simbolika
par excellence dgas yovelgvari religiis, kultis yovelgvari
gagebis, yovelgvari istoriis, bunebismetyvelebis, samyarou-
li gamocdilebis, Semecnebis, politikis, fsiqologiis, yvela
wignis, yovelgvari xelovnebis miRma. misi „codna“ gulisx-
mobs yovelive amis wminda wylis sisuleled gamocxadebas.
kulturis Sesaxeb man yurmokvriTac ki araferi icis. igi ar
ganicdis saWiroebas, ibrZolos mis winaaRmdeg, igi ar uary-
ofs mas... igive SeiZleba iTqvas saxelmwifosTan, mTel samo-
qalaqo wesrigTan da sazogadoebasTan, SromasTan, omTan
mimarTebiT. mas arasodes hqonia safuZveli, uareyo „samya-
ro“; mas arasodes hqonia „samyaros“ eklesiuri gagebis winaT-
grZnoba... uaryofa misTvis aris raRac yovlad SeuZlebeli.
_ amave logikiT ar arsebobs dialeqtika, warmodgena imis Ses-
axeb, rom rwmena, „WeSmariteba“, SesaZloa argumentebiT daas-
abuTo (misi argumentebia Sinagani „sinaTle“, kmayofilebisa
da TviTdamkvidrebis Sinagani gancda, _ yvelaferi, rac wmin-
dad „Zalis damadasturebelia“). aseT moZRvrebas, aseve, ar
ZaluZs SewinaaRmdegeba. misTvis miuwvdomelia is garemoeba,
rom arsebobs (SesaZloa arsebobdes) sxva moZRvrebebi; mas
ar SeuZlia, warmoidginos sapirispiro xasiaTis msjeloba...
Tuki is sapirispiros gadaawydeba, maSin Rrma TanagrZnobiT
isaubrebs „sibrmavis“ Sesaxeb (radgan Tavad is „sinaTles“
Wvrets), Tumcki ar Seepasuxeba...

62
 33.

„saxarebis“ mTel fsiqologiaSi versad waawydebiT dana-

Saulisa da sasjelis cnebebs; iseve, rogorc jildos cnebas.
gauqmebulia „codva“ da nebismieri manZili RmerTsa da ada-
mians Soris. swored esaa „xareba“. netarebas ar aRgviTqvamen,
is ar aris dakavSirebuli raime pirobebTan. is erTaderTi
realobaa; sxva danarCeni _ simboloa masze sasaubrod...
msgavsi mdgomareobis Sedegi gadadis axal praqtikaze, ker-
Zod, saxarebiseul praqtikaze. „rwmena“ ar gamoarCevs qris-
tians. qristiani moqmedebs, igi gansxvavebulad moqmedebs. arc
sityviT, arc gulSi igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba mas, vinc borote-
bas sCadis mis winaaRmdeg. igi ar ganasxvavebs Tavisiansa da
ucxos, iudevelsa da araiudevels („moyvasi“, rasakvirvelia,
iudevels niSnavs). igi aravis mimarT gamoxatavs risxvas, ara-
vin sZuls. igi ar gamodis samsjavroSi da ar rTavs sxvas ne-
bas, rom igi sasamarTloSi miiwvion („daficebaze uaris Tqma“).
igi aranair garemoebaSi ar daSordeba cols, am ukanasknelis
damtkicebuli Ralatis SemTxvevaSic ki. _ am yvelafris ukan
erTi principia, yvelaferi erTi instinqtis Sedegia.
macxovris cxovreba sxva araferi iyo, Tu ara es praqtika.
misi sikvdilic am praqtikis CarCoebSi jdeba... mas ar sWir-
deboda aranairi formula da rituali RmerTTan urTier-
TobisTvis, locvac ki aRar iyo misTvis saWiro. igi srulad
ganudga monaniebisa da Serigebis iudaur moZRvrebas. misTvis
cnobilia, rom mxolod cxovrebiseuli praqtikis meSveobiT
SegiZlia ganicado sakuTari „RvTiuroba“, „netareba“, „sax-
arebiseuloba“; yovel wams iyo, rogorc „RvTis Svili“. gza
RmerTisken ar aris „monanieba“ da „locva mitevebis Sesaxeb“.
mxolod saxarebiseul praqtikas mivyavarT RmerTisken, Tavad
isaa „RmerTi“! _ is, rasac saxarebam bolo mouRo, iyo „cod-
vis“, „codvis mitevebis“, „rwmenis“, „rwmeniT xsnis“ iudauri
cnebebi. „xareba“ mTel iudaur saeklesio moZRvrebas uary-
ofda.
63
 „xsnis“ erTaderTi fsiqologiuri realoba, _ esaa Rrma in-
stinqti, Tu rogor unda icxovro, raTa sakuTari Tavi „zeca-
Si“ da „maradiulad“ ganicado (maSin, rodesac nebismieri sxva
qcevisas sruliad SeuZlebelia, Tavi „zecaSi“ ganicado ). _
cxovrebis axali wesi, magram ara axali rwmena...

34.

Tuki me raime gamegeba am diadi simbolistisa, es isaa, rom

igi mxolod Sinagan realobebs miiCnevda sinamdviled da „WeS-
maritebad“. sxva danarCeni, bunebrivi, droiTi, sivrciTi,
istoriuli, mas esmoda, rogorc mxolod simbolo, rogorc
sababi igavisTvis. „Ze kacisa“-s cneba ar aris konkretuli
pirovneba, romelic istorias ekuTvnis, raRac erTaderTi
da erTjeradi. esaa „maradiuli“ sinamdvile, drois cnebisgan
gaTavisuflebuli fsiqologiuri simbolo. igive, oRond me-
tad maRali azriT SegviZlia vTqvaT am tipiuri simbolistis
RmerTis, „RvTis sasufevlis“, „zeciuri sasufevlis“, „RvTis
Zeobis“ Sesaxeb. araferia ufro metad araqristianuli, vidre
uxeSi eklesiuri cnebebi: RmerTi, rogorc pirovneba; „RvTis
sasufeveli“, romelic dadgeba; imqveyniuri „zeciuri sasufe-
veli“, „RvTis Ze“, rogorc samebis meore wevri. dae, mapation,
magram es yvelaferi saxarebis TvalSi (mereda rogor Tval-
Si!) muStis Zgerebis tolfasia, simbolos gaqilikebis msof-
lio-istoriuli cinizmi... amasTan, dResaviT naTelia (vaRi-
areb: magram ara yvelasTvis), Tu ra igulisxmeba „mamisa“ da
„Zis“ simboloebis qveS: sityva „Ze“ gamoxatavs zogadi gacis-
krovnebis mdgomareobaSi gadasvlas (netareba); „mama“ _ Tavad
am gancdas, maradiulobis gancdas, gancdas srulyofilebisa.
_ samarcxvinod mimaCnia imis gaxseneba, ra Seqmna eklesiam am
simboloebidan: qristianuli „rwmenis“ zRurblze amfitrio-
nis39 istoria xom ar moaTavsa? da kidev dogma „ubiwo Casaxvis“
Sesaxeb?.. magram amiT man Casaxva Sebilwa...
64
 „zeciuri sasufeveli“ aris gulis mdgomareoba da ara
raRac, rac „miwis zemoTaa“, an „sikvdilis Semdeg“ modis. sax-
arebaSi saerTod ar gvxvdeba bunebrivi sikvdilis cneba. sik-
vdili ar aris xidi, ar aris gadasvla. is ar gvxvdeba, radgan
sruliad gansxvavebul, moCvenebiT samyaros ekuTvnis, romel-
sac mxolod simboluri mniSvneloba aqvs. „sikvdilis saaTi“
ar aris qristianuli cneba. „saaTi“, dro, fizikuri cxovre-
ba da misi krizisebi saerTod ar arsebobs „xarebis“ mqadage-
blisTvis... „RvTis sasufeveli“ ar aris raRac, rasac SeiZleba
elodo. mas ar gaaCnia „guSin“ da „zeg“, is ar modis „aTasi
wlis“ Semdeg. es gulis gamocdilebaa; is yvelganaa, is arsad
aris...

35.

es maxarebeli iseve mokvda, rogorc cxovrobda, rogorc

aswavlida _ ara „adamianTa xsnisTvis“, aramed imisTvis, rom
eCvenebina, Tu rogor unda cxovreba. is, rac man memkvidreo-
bad dautova kacobriobas, esaa praqtika, misi qceva msajul-
Ta, mdevnelTa, bralmdebelTa winaSe, yoveli saxis dacinvisa
da ciliswamebis pirobebSi da misi qceva jvarze. is ar uwevs
winaaRmdegobas, ar icavs sakuTar uflebas, nabijsac ar dgams,
raTa ukiduresi safrTxe airidos, metic _ is moixmobs mas... da
is loculobs, itanjeba, uyvars maTTan erTad da maTSi, vinc
mis mimarT borotebas iCens. jvarze myofi avazakis mimarT
naTqvam sityvebSi mTeli saxarebaa moqceuli. „WeSmaritad Rv-
Taebrivi adamiani iyo es kaci, RvTis Svili!“ _ Tqva avazakma.
„Tu Sen marTlac grZnob amas, maSin samoTxeSi xar, maSin Senc
RvTis Svili xar“, _ upasuxa macxovarma. uari Tavdacvas, uari
risxvas, uari pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas... da kidev, uari
borotebisadmi SewinaaRmdegebas, _ misi siyvaruli...

65
 36.

mxolod Cven, Tavisuflad qceul sulebs, gvaqvs saimiso

winapiroba, raTa gavigoT is, rac cxrameti saukune ar esmo-
daT. Cven gagvaCnia siwrfele, romelic instinqtad da vne-
badaa qceuli da romelic oms ucxadebs „wminda sicrues“
kidev ufro metad, vidre nebismier sxva sicrues... adamianebi
usasrulod Sors iyvnen Cveni neitralitetisgan, romelic si-
yvaruliTa da windaxedulebiT aris savse; sulis im disci-
plinisgan, romlis meSveobiT gaxda SesaZlebeli esoden ucxo
da esoden natifi fenomenebis amocnoba. yvela sxva epoqaSi
adamianebi urcxvi egoizmiT mxolod sakuTar sargebels elt-
vodnen. maT saxarebis sawinaaRmdegod eklesia aages...
vinc daiwyebda imis mauwyebeli niSnebis Ziebas, rom sinamd-
vileSi samyaroTa diadi TamaSis ukan romelime damcinavi Rv-
Taebis mimaniSnebeli TiTia dafaruli, is arcTu mcire odeno-
bis mtkicebulebebs ipovnida im jojoxeTur kiTxvis niSanSi,
romelsac qristianoba ewodeba. kacobrioba imis sapirispiros
eTayvaneba, rac saxarebis dasabams, azrsa da uflebas war-
moadgenda. „eklesiis“ cnebaSi man wmindad swored is aRiara,
rac „maxarobelma“ daZlia da razec igi amaRlda. amaoa msof-
lio-istoriuli ironiis kidev ufro mZlavri gamovlinebis
Zieba...

37.

Cveni epoqa amayobs Tavisi istoriuli gancdiT. rogor Sei-

Zleboda im uazrobis rwmena, rom qristianobis saTaveSi Zevs
uxeSi igavi saswaulmoqmedisa da macxovris Sesaxeb da rom
yovelive sulieri da simboluri mxolod Semdgomi ganviTare-
baa? piriqiT: qristianobis istoria _ jvarze sikvdilidan
dawyebuli _ aris Tavdapirveli simbolizmis vergagebis Tan-
daTanobiTi gauxeSebis istoria. mas Semdeg, rac qristianoba
66
gavrcelda ufro farTo da uxeS masebze (romlebsac ar gaaCn-
daT is winapirobebi, romlebidanac es religia amoizarda),
ufro da ufro aucilebeli xdeboda qristianobis vulgar-
izacia da gabarbaroseba. _ man imperium Romanum-is40 yve-
la miwisqveSa kultis moZRvreba da rituali, avadmyofuri
gonebis yvela saxis uazroba STanTqa. qristianobis bediswera
emorCileba aucileblobas, rom Tavad misi rwmena iqces im-
denadve avadmyofurad, mdablad da vulgarulad, ramdenadac
avadmyofuri, mdabali da vulgaruli iyo moTxovnilebebi, ro-
melTa dakmayofilebas es rwmena eswrafvoda. sabolood, sneu-
li barbarosoba eklesiis saxiT Zalauflebas aRwevs. eklesia
_ es aris mtruli damokidebulebis forma yoveli patiosnebi-
sadmi, sulis yoveli simaRlis, sulis yoveli disciplinis,
yoveli Tavisufali da keTilganwyobili humanurobisadmi. _
qristianuli faseulobebi da keTilSobiluri faseulobebi:
mxolod Cven, Tavisuflad qceulma sulebma, SevZeliT, aRg-
vedgina es udidesi winaaRmdegoba, romelic odesme arsebula
faseulobebs Soris!

38.

_ aq ar SemiZlia, ar amovioxro. aris dReebi, rodesac uSaves

melanqoliaze ufro Savi SegrZneba meufleba, _ esaa siZul-
vili adamianisadmi. neba momeciT, aranairi eWvi ar davtovo
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra mZuls da vin mZuls. esaa dRe-
vandeli adamiani. bedisweris ZaliT, me misi Tanamedrove var.
dRevandeli adamiani _ me vixrCobi mis uwmindur sunTqvaSi...
warsulisadmi, yvela Semmecnebeli adamianis msgavsad, didi
Semwynarebloba gamaCnia, erTgvari sulgrZeli TviTiZu-
leba: pirquSi windaxedulebiT davdivar samyaroSi, romel-
ic aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi warmoadgenda sagiJeTs. mas
„qristianoba“, „qristianuli rwmena“, „qristianuli eklesia“

67
ewodeba. vufrTxi, kacobrioba pasuxismgeblad ar vaqcio misi
sulieri avadmyofobebisTvis. magram Cemi grZnoba aRSfoTebas
aRwevs da siZulvils iZens, rogorc ki uaxles droSi, Cvens
epoqaSi vadgam fexs. Cveni dro aris codnis dro... is, rac
odesRac mxolod avadmyofuri iyo, axla saTakilod iqca.
qristianad yofna dRes saTakiloa. ai aq iwyeba Cemi zizRi. _
vixedebi aqeT-iqiT: erTi sityvac ar darCenila iqedan, rasac
odesRac „WeSmariteba“ ewodeboda. Cven ukve aRar SegviZlia am
sityvis mosmena mRvdlisgan. patiosnebis yvelaze mokrZale-
buli pretenziis pirobebSic ki unda vaRiaroT, rom rodesac
Teologi, mRvdeli, an papi saubroben, yovel TavianT winadade-
baSi isini ara mxolod cdebian, aramed cruoben. isini ukve ve-
Rar airideben sicruis braldebas „umankoebis“, an „arcodnis“
mizeziT. mRvdelmac iseve kargad icis, rogorc nebismierma
sxvam, rom ar arsebobs „RmerTi“, „codvili“, „macxovari“; rom
„Tavisufali neba“ da „zneobrivi msoflwesrigi“ sicruea.
sulis seriozuloba da Rrma TviTgadalaxva, faqtiurad,
krZalavs amis arcodnas... eklesiis yvela cneba amocnobilia
imad, rasac is warmoadgens, anu yvelaze verag gayalbebad,
romlis mizans bunebis, bunebrivi faseulobebis gaufasureba
warmoadgens. Tavad mRvdelic amocnobilia imad, rac is aris,
anu parazitis yvelaze saSiS saxeobad, cxovrebis WeSmarit Sx-
amian obobad... Cven viciT, Cveni sindisisTvis ukve cnobilia,
rogoria mRvdlebisa da eklesiis avbediT gamonagonTa fasi;
Tu ras emsaxurebodnen es gamogonebebi, romelTa meSveobiT
kacobriobam TviTgaxrwnis im mdgomareobas miaRwia, romlis
xilva dRes zizRs iwvevs. „saiqios“, „gankiTxvis dRis“, „sulis
ukvdavebis“, Tavad „sulis“ cnebebi _ esaa wamebis iaraRebi,
sisastikis sistemebi, romelTa meSveobiT mRvdeli batonad
iqca da darCa aseTad... es yvelam icis. miuxedavad amisa, yve-
laferi Zveleburad rCeba. sad gaqra wesierebis, sakuTari Ta-
vis pativiscemis narCenebi, rodesac Cveni saxelmwifo pirebic
ki, sxva mimarTebiT ukiduresad mouridebeli adamianebi da
faqtiurad sruli antiqristianebi, jerac qristianebs uwode-
ben sakuTar Tavs da ziarebaze dadian?..41 laSqris winaSe md-

68
gomi ymawvili mbrZanebeli,42 romelic mTeli brwyinvalebiT
warmoadgens sakuTari eris egoizmisa da qedmaRlobis ga-
moxatulebas, magram, yovelgvari moridebis gareSe sakuTar
Tavs qristians uwodebs!.. maS, vis uaryofs qristianoba? ras
uwodebs is „am qveyanas“? jariskacs, mosamarTles, patriots,
yvelafers, rac Tavs icavs, rac icavs sakuTar Rirsebas, rac
sargebels eZebs, rasac siamaye gaaCnia... yovelwuTieri qce-
va, yoveli instinqti, yoveli Sefaseba, romelic moqmedebad
iqceva, _ es yvelaferi dRes araqristianulia. siyalbis ro-
gor urCxuls unda warmoadgendes Tanamedrove adamiani, Tuki
mas, miuxedavad am yvelafrisa, ar esircxvileba, sakuTar Tavs
qristiani uwodos!

39.

ukan vbrundebi, qristianobis WeSmarit istorias mogiTx-

robT. _ Tavad sityva „qristianobaa“ gaugebroba. _ arsebiTad,
iyo mxolod erTi qristiani da isic jvarze aResrula. „sax-
areba“ aResrula jvarze. is, rasac am wuTidan ewodeba „sax-
areba“, aris misi cxovrebis sapirispiro ram, „cudi ambavi“,
Dysangelium. uazrobamde yalbia „rwmenaSi“ ganvWvritoT qris-
tianis niSani, Tundac es iesos meSveobiT xsnis rwmena iyos.
qristianuli SeiZleba iyos mxolod qristianuli praqtika,
anu iseTi cxovreba, rogoriTac icxovra man, vinc jvarze
aResrula... dResac SesaZlebelia aseTi cxovreba, xolo zo-
gierTi adamianebisTvis is aucilebelic kia. WeSmariti, pirve-
lyofili qristianoba yvela droSia SesaZlebeli. ara rwmena,
aramed moqmedeba, upirveles yovlisa ki, bevri ramis argakeTe-
ba, gansxvavebuli arseboba... nebismierma fsiqologma icis,
rom cnobierebis mdgomareobebi, rodesac gwams an Tvli, rom
raRac WeSmaritia, umniSvnelo da meaTexarisxovania instinqt-

69
Ta RirebulebasTan SedarebiT. mkacrad Tu vityviT, sulieri
mizezobriobis mTeli cneba yalbia. qristianobis, qristianad
yofnis dayvana imaze, rac WeSmaritebad miiCeva, mxolod cno-
bierebis mdgomareobaze _ qristianobis uaryofas niSnavs.
sinamdvileSi qristianebi ar arsebobdnen. „qristiani“, anu
is, rasac ori aTasi wlis ganmavlobaSi qristiani ewodeba,
fsiqologiuri TviTiluziaa. Tu meti pirdapirobiT Sevxe-
davT, masSi, yovelgvari rwmenis sawinaaRmdegod, mxolod in-
stinqtebi iyo gabatonebuli, _ Tanac rogori instinqtebi! _
„rwmena“ yvela droSi, magaliTad, luTerTan, mxolod mantia
iyo, sababi, farda, romlis miRma instinqtebi sakuTar TamaSs
TamaSobdnen. rwmena iyo keTilgonivruli sibrmave garkveul
instinqtTa batonobis mimarT... „rwmenas“ me ukve vuwode sa-
kuTriv qristianuli gamWriaxoba. yovelTvis „rwmenis“ Sesax-
eb saubrobdnen, magram yovelTvis moqmedebdnen instinqtis
safuZvelze... qristianis ideaTa samyaroSi araferia, rasac
odnavi Sexeba mainc aqvs sinamdvilesTan. piriqiT, qristiano-
bis safuZvelSi Cven erTaderT qmediT elementad yovelgvari
sinamdvilisadmi instinqturi siZulvili vaRiareT. ra gamom-
dinareobs aqidan? is, rom aq in psychologicis cdomileba radi-
kaluria, arsebis ganmsazRvreli, anu substanciuri. sakmari-
sia aqedan erTi cnebis moSoreba da mis adgilas erTaderTi
sinamdvilis moTavseba da qristianoba araraSi dainTqmeba! _
Tu simaRlidan gadmovxedavT, es yvelaze ucnauri faqti, _
qristianuli religia, _ romelic ara mxolod cdomilebeb-
iTaa ganpirobebuli, aramed genialobamde sazriania mxolod
mavne, sicocxlisa da gulis momwamvlel cdomilebebSi, rCeba
RmerTebis sanaxaobad, im RvTaebebisa, romlebic, amave dros,
filosofosebic arian da romlebsac me, magaliTad, Sevx-
vedrivar cnobili dialogebis dros naqsosze.43 im wuTebSi,
rodesac siZulvili tovebs maT (da Cvenc!), isini madliere-
biT imsWvalebian qristianis sanaxaobisadmi. sabralo, patara
varskvlavi, saxelad dedamiwa, SesaZloa mxolod am kuriozu-
li SemTxvevis gamo imsaxurebdes RvTiur mzeras, RvTiur
Tanamonawileobas... saTanadod SevafasoT qristiani: umankoe-

70
bamde yalbi qristiani bevrad aRemateba maimuns. qristianTan
mimarTebiT warmoSobis cnobili Teoria mxolod da mxolod
Tavazianobaa.44

40.

_ saxarebis bedi sikvdiliT iqna gadawyvetili, igi „jvarze“

gaakres. mxolod sikvdilma, am moulodnelma da samarcxvino
sikvdilma, mxolod jvarma, romelic zogadad mxolod ca-
naille-sTvis45 iyo gankuTvnili, _ mxolod am sazarelma para-
doqsma daayena mowafeebi WeSmariti gamocanis winaSe: „vin iyo
is? ra iyo is?“ _ SeZruli da ukidures siRrmemde Seuracxyo-
fili grZnoba, eWvi, rom aseTi sikvdili, SesaZloa maTi saqmis
uaryofa yofiliyo; saSineli kiTxvis niSani: „ratom saxel-
dobr ase?“ _ aseTi mdgomareoba sruliad gasagebia. aq yve-
laferi aucilebeli unda yofiliyo, yvelafers unda hqonoda
sazrisi, goneba, uzenaesi goneba. mowafis siyvaruli ar cnobs
SemTxveviTobas. axlaRa daaRo piri ufskrulma: „vin mokla
is? vin iyo misi bunebrivi mteri?“ _ am kiTxvam elvasaviT gaa-
naTa. pasuxi: gabatonebulma iudaizmma, misma umaRlesma fe-
nam. am wuTidan ganicades sakuTar TavSi aRSfoTeba wesrigis
winaaRmdeg, amis kvaldakval gaiges iesoc, rogorc aRSfoTe-
ba wesrigis winaaRmdeg. manamde misi xati moisaklisebda me-
brZol, sityviTa da saqmiT uarmyofel Tvisebebs; ufro metic,
igi amis sapirispiros warmoadgenda. cxadia, mcire Temma ver
gaigo mTavari ram, kerZod, am sikvdilis simboluri forma,
Tavisufleba ressentiment-isgan, upiratesoba ressentiment-is
yovelgvar grZnobaze. es imis maniSnebelia, Tu raoden mcired
esmodaT saerTod misi! Tavad ieso Tavisi sikvdiliT sxvas
arafers isurvebda, garda imisa, rom amiT yvelaze mZlavrad
Seemowmebina sajarod sakuTari moZRvreba, daemtkicebina is...
71
magram misi mowafeebi Sors iyvnen imisgan, rom es sikvdili
mietevebinaT, rac sruliad saxarebiseuli iqneboda, an ase-
Tive sikvdili aerCiaT TavisTvis mSvidi da faqizi suliT...
zedapirze amotivtivda yvelaze ufro arasaxarebiseuli
grZnoba, _ SurisZieba. SeuZlebeli gaxda, rom yvelaferi am
sikvdiliT dasrulebuliyo: warmoiSva „samagieros gadaxdis“,
„samsjavros“ aucilebloba (magram ra SeiZleba iyos ufro
metad arasaxarebiseuli, vidre „samagieros gadaxda“, „sasje-
li“, „samsjavro“!). kidev erTxel wamoiwia wina planze mesiis
molodinis popularulma ideam. istoriul moments xeli sta-
ces: „RvTis sasufeveli“ dadgeba, raTa misi mtrebi gansajos...
magram amiT yvelaferi airia: „RvTis sasufeveli“, rogorc
daskvniTi aqti, rogorc aRTqma! am dros ki swored saxareba
iyo am sasufevlis arseboba, aRsruleba da sinamdvile. swored
aseTi sikvdili iyo „RvTis sasufeveli“... mxolod amis Semdeg
daumates moZRvris tips farisevlebisa da Teologebisadmi
siZulvili da sibraze, riTic Tavad igi aqcies farisevlad da
Teologad. meore mxriv, kalapotidan sruliad amovardnili
sulebis TavdauWereli gandideba ukve veRar kmayofildeboda
yvela adamianis (rogorc RvTis Svilebis) Tanasworobis sax-
arebiseuli moZRvrebiT, romelsac ieso aswavlida. maTi Su-
risZieba iyo iesos uzomod gandideba, sakuTari Tavisgan misi
ganSoreba zustad iseve, rogorc odesRac iudevelebi saku-
Tari mtrebisadmi SurisZiebis grZnobidan ganSordnen Tavis
RmerTs da ganadides igi. erTi RmerTi da erTi Ze RvTisa:
orive _ ressentiment-is pirmSoa...

41.

_ da swored aq amotivtivda absurduli problema: „rogor

SeZlo RmerTma amis daSveba!“ amas patara Temis amRvreulma
gonebam Tavisi absurdulobiT aseTive saSinlad absurduli

72
pasuxi gasca: RmerTma Tavisi Ze, rogorc msxverpli, codva-
Ta gamosasyidad gaimeta. ase, erTi xelis mosmiT daasrules
saxareba! gamosasyidi msxverpli, amasTan yvelaze amazrzeni,
yvelaze barbarosuli formiT, udanaSaulos msxverplSewirva
damnaSaveTa codvebisTvis! ra sazareli warmarTobaa! _ iesom
Tavad „danaSaulis“ cnebac ki gaanadgura. igi sruliad uary-
ofda ufskruls RmerTsa da adamians Soris, man sakuTari
cxovrebiT warmoadgina RmerTisa da adamianis es erToba,
rogorc Tavisi „xareba“... da ara rogorc upiratesoba! _ am
momentidan macxovris tipaJSi nabij-nabij inergeba moZRvreba
gankiTxvis dRisa da meored mosvlis Sesaxeb; moZRvreba sik-
vdilis, rogorc msxverplSewirviTi sikvdilis Sesaxeb; moZ-
Rvreba mkvdreTiT aRdgomis Sesaxeb, romliTac saxarebidan
myisierad uCinardeba „netarebis“ cneba, misi erTaderTi da
namdvili realoba, _ sikvdilis Semdgomi mdgomareobis sa-
sargeblod!.. pavlem, rabinis mTeli TavxedobiT, rac esoden
damaxasiaTebelia misTvis, am cnebas, azris am gaxrwnilebas
aseTi logikuri gamoxatuleba misca: „Tuki qriste ar aRm-
dgara... fuWia Tqveni rwmena!“46 _ da saxareba erTbaSad iqca
yvelaze amazrzen aRTqmad yvela ganuxorcielebel aRTqmaTa
Soris. saubaria piradi ukvdavebis Sesaxeb urcxv moZRvreba-
ze... TviT pavlec ki, mas, rogorc jildos, ise qadagebda!..

42.

axla ki cxadia, ra daasrula jvarze sikvdilma: axali,

TviTmyofi swrafva budisturi simSvidisken, namdvili da ara
mxolod dapirebuli bednierebisken amqveynad. radgan _ ro-
gorc me ukve aRvniSne _ ZiriTad gansxvavebas décadence-is am
or religias Soris is warmoadgens, rom budizmi ar iZleva da-
pirebas, magram aRasrulebs, qristianoba ki yvelafers hpir-
deba, magram arafers asrulebs. _ „xarebas“ fexdafex mohyva
73
yvelaze cudi ram: pavles anti-xareba. pavles saxiT „maxareb-
lis“ sawinaaRmdego tipaJma Seisxa xorci. esaa siZulvilis
da siZulvilis xilvebis, siZulvilis ulmobeli logikis geni-
osi. ra ar Seswira msxverplad am anti-evangelistma47 sakuTar
siZulvils! upirveles yovlisa, macxovari: man is sakuTar
jvarze gaakra. saxarebiseuli cxovreba, magaliTi, moZRvreba,
sikvdili, azri da ufleba _ aRaraferi darCa mas Semdeg, rac
am gamyalbebelma siZulvilis gziT miagno imas, Tu ra sWird-
eboda. ara realobas, ara istoriul WeSmaritebas!.. da kidev
erTxel Caidina diadi danaSauli istoriis mimarT iudeveli
mRvdlis instinqtma _ man ubralod amoSala qristianobis
guSindeli da guSinwindeli dReebi, man Tavdapirveli qris-
tianobis istoria gamoigona. ufro metic: man kidev erTxel
gaayalba israelis istoria, raTa warmoedgina is, rogorc
winmswrebi ambavi sakuTari saqmisTvis. yvela winaswarmetyve-
li misi „macxovris“ Sesaxeb saubrobda... SemdgomSi eklesi-
am kacobriobis istoriac ki daamaxinja, rodesac es istoria
qristianobis winmswreb ambad gamoacxada... macxovris tipaJi,
moZRvreba, praqtika, sikvdili, sikvdilis sazrisi da isic,
rac sikvdilis Semdeg iyo, _ aRaraferi darCa xeluxlebeli
da namdvili, TviT namdvils mimgvanebulic ki. pavlem ubral-
od iesos mTeli arsebobis simZimis centri am arsebobis miRma
_ „mkvdreTiT aRmdgari“ iesos Sesaxeb sicrueSi _ gadaitana.
arsebiTad mas ar sWirdeboda macxovris cxovreba. misTvis
saWiro iyo sikvdili jvarze da kidev raRac... fsiqologis
mxridan marTlac rom niaiserie48 iqneboda pavles (romlis samS-
obloc stoikuri ganmanaTleblobis centri iyo) ndoba, rode-
sac es ukanaskneli macxovris sikvdilisSemdgomi cxovrebis
mtkicebulebad halucinacias asaxelebs, an Tundac am halu-
cinaciis Sesaxeb misi monaTxrobis dajereba. pavles mizani
surda, Sesabamisad, mas sWirdeboda saSualebac... risic ar
swamda Tavad mas, ijerebdnen is idiotebi, romlebsac man Ta-
visi moZRvreba miugdo. _ misi moTxovnileba Zalaufleba iyo.
pavles saxiT mRvdelma kidev erTxel isurva Zalaufleba. mas
mxolod cnebebi, moZRvrebebi, simboloebi sWirdeboda, rom-
74
lebiTac masebis tiranizebas axdenen da naxirs qmnian. _ ra
iyo is erTaderTi ram, rasac mogvianebiT muhamedi qristia-
nobas daesesxa? pavles gamogoneba, mRvdlebis tiraniisa da
naxiris Camoyalibebis miseuli xerxi: ukvdavebis rwmena, anu
moZRvreba „gankiTxvis dRis“ Sesaxeb...

43.

rodesac cxovrebis simZimis centri cxovrebidan „imqveyni-

urSi“ _ araraSi _ gadaaqvT, amiT saerTod spoben cxovre-
bis simZimis centrs. piradi ukvdavebis Sesaxeb diadi sicrue
anadgurebs yovelgvar gonebas, yovelgvar bunebriobas in-
stinqtebSi. yvelaferi, rac keTilismyofelia instinqtebSi,
rac cxovrebas uwyobs xels, rac Tavdebad udgeba momavals, _
axla ukve undoblobas aRZravs. icxovro ise, rom azri aRar
hqondes cxovrebas, _ es iqceva axla cxovrebis „azrad“... ra
saWiroa sazogadoebrivi suli, ra saWiroa madliereba warmo-
mavlobisa da winaprebisadmi, rad gvinda erTad Sroma, risTvis
unda vendobodeT, ratom unda vuwyobdeT xels sazogadoebriv
keTildReobas da viTvaliswinebdeT mas? amdeni „cduneba“, am-
deni gadaxveva „WeSmariti gzidan“ _ mxolod „erTia aucile-
beli“... raTa yoveli, rogorc „ukvdavi suli“, sxvasTan iyos
gaTanabrebuli; raTa yvela arsebulTa erTobliobaSi TiToeu-
lis „xsnas“ maradiulobis pretenzia hqondes; raTa umniSvne-
lo wmindanebma da sami meoTxediT SeSlilebma warmoidginon,
rom maTTvis gamudmebiT irRveva bunebis kanonebi; _ yvela
saxis egoizmis aseT mouridebel aRzevebas usasrulobasa da
utifrobaSi SeuZlebelic kia, saTanado siZulvili mivagoT.
da mainc, qristianoba Tavis gamarjvebas piradi pativmoyva-
reobis am ubadruk mliqvnelobas unda umadlodes. swored
amiT SeZlo man, miemxro yvela uiRblo, vinc mtrulad iyo
ganwyobili cxovrebisadmi, vinc marcxi ganicada, kacobrio-
75
bis mTeli leqi da narCeni. „sulis xsna“ germanulad: „samyaro
Cems garSemo brunavs“... „Tanabari uflebebis“ moZRvrebis Sx-
ams yvelaze metad qristianoba avrcelebda. mavne instinqtTa
yvelaze faruli kuTxe-kunWulebidan qristianobam sasikvdi-
lo mtroba gamoucxada adamianebs Soris mokrZalebisa da dis-
tanciis yovelgvar grZnobas, romlebic kulturis zrdisa da
amaRlebis winapirobas warmoadgens. masaTa ressentiment-idan
man gamoWeda mTavari iaraRi Cvens winaaRmdeg, dedamiwaze yove-
live keTilSobiluris, xalisianis, sulgrZelis winaaRmdeg,
dedamiwaze Cveni bednierebis winaaRmdeg... nebismieri petresa
Tu pavlesTvis „ukvdavebis“ miwera keTilSobili kacobriobis
winaaRmdeg Cadenili udidesi da usastikesi borotmoqmede-
baa... da nu SevcdebiT im sabediswero gavlenis SefasebaSi,
romelic qristianobam TviT politikaze moaxdina! dRes ukve
aRaravis Seswevs mamacoba, pretenzia ganacxados gansakuTre-
bul uflebebze, mbrZaneblobis uflebaze, sakuTari Tavis da
Tavis msgavsTa mimarT pativiscemis grZnobaze, distanciis
paTosze... Cveni politika daavadebulia mamacobis am defici-
tiT! _ ganwyobis aristokratoba sulTa Tanasworobis Sesaxeb
sicruiT samudamodaa dasamarebuli. xolo Tuki „umravleso-
bis upiratesobis“ rwmena revoluciebs axdens (da momavalSic
moaxdens), eWvi ar unda Segveparos, rom swored qristianoba,
faseulobaTa Sesaxeb qristianuli Sexedulebebia is, rac yov-
el revolucias sisxlsa da danaSaulSi gadaaqvs! qristianoba
aris miwaze mxoxavTa amboxeba imis winaaRmdeg, rac masze aR-
matebulia: „mdabalTa“ saxareba damamdablebelia...

44.

saxarebebi Seufasebelia, rogorc pirveli qristianuli

Temis SigniT Seukavebeli gadagvarebis mowmobebi. is, rac Sem-
dgomSi pavlem rabinis logikuri cinizmiT bolomde miiyva-

76
na, mxolod ganadgurebis procesi iyo, romelic macxovris
sikvdilTan erTad daiwyo. _ am saxarebaTa kiTxvisas udide-
si sifrTxile unda gamoiCinoT: yoveli sityvis ukan sirTu-
lea damaluli. vaRiareb, _ da mxarsac damiWeren, _ swored
amiT aniWeben isini fsiqologs udides siamovnebas, _ rogorc
yovelgvari gulubryvilo gaxrwnilebis sapirispiro ram, ro-
gorc sinatife par excellence, rogorc virtuozoba fsiqolo-
giur gaxrwnilebaSi. saxarebebi TviTmyofadni arian. rac Se-
exeba biblias, mas saerTod verafers ver SevadarebT. aq rom
sruliad ar davikargoT, upirveles yovlisa, unda gvaxsovdes,
rom ebraelebs Soris vimyofebiT. TiTqmis genialobamde misu-
li „wmindanobanas“ TamaSi, romelic sxvagan arsad gvxvdeba
arc wignebsa da arc adamianebs Soris (miaxloebiTac ki), xe-
lovnebad qceuli TaRliToba sityvebsa da JestikulaciaSi, _
es ar aris romelime calkeul niWier adamianTan, romelime ga-
morCeul figurasTan dakavSirebuli SemTxveviToba. amisTvis
rasaa saWiro. qristianobaSi, rogorc wminda sicruis xelovne-
baSi, mTeli iudeveloba, mTeli umkacresi mravalsaukunovani
iudauri wvrTna da teqnika ostatobis umaRles xarisxs aRw-
evs. qristiani, es sicruis ultima ratio,49 ormagad, ufro metic,
TviT sammagad iudevelia... _ ZiriTadi neba, romelic mxolod
imiskenaa mimarTuli, rom iseT cnebebTan, simboloebTan, sx-
eulis moZraobebTan hqondes saqme, romlebic mRvdlis praq-
tikiT mtkicdeba; yvela sxva praqtikis, sxva Sefasebisa da
sargeblis perspeqtivis instinqturi uaryofa _ es mxolod
tradicia ar aris, es memkvidreobiTobaa. rogorc buneba, is
mxolod memkvidreobis saxiT moqmedebs. mTeli kacobrioba,
ufro metic, saukeTeso epoqaTa saukeTeso moazrovneebi sa-
kuTari Tavis gacurebis uflebas iZleodnen (erTis gamok-
lebiT, romelic, SesaZloa, sulac araa adamiani).50 saxarebas
kiTxulobdnen, rogorc umankoebis wigns... araviTari miniSne-
ba imaze, Tu ra ostatobiT mimdinareobs aq TamaSi. _ rasak-
virvelia, Cven rom gvexila isini, Tundac Tvalis erTi Sev-
lebiT, yvela es ucnauri fariseveli da wmindan-mefokuse,
maSin yvelaferi dasruldeboda. da swored imitom, rom

77
me erT sityvasac ar vkiTxulob imis gareSe, rom Jestebi ar
davinaxo, vasworeb kidec angariSs maTTan. Tvalebis zeapy-
robis maTeuli maneris atana ar maqvs. _ sabednierod, Zalian
didi umravlesobisaTvis wignebi mxolod literaturaa. ar
unda davrToT neba, rom Secdoma dagvaSvebinon. „ara gansa-
joT“ _ amboben isini, magram Tavad gzavnian jojoxeTSi yve-
lafers, rac gzad eRobebaT. msajulad RmerTi miiCnies, Tum-
ca isini Tavad gansjian. RmerTis gandidebisas isini sakuTar
Tavs ganadideben. isini moiTxoven im siqveleebs, romlebic
swored maTTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. isini moiTxoven ufro met
siqveles, vidres es sakuTari upiratesobis SenarCunebisT-
visaa aucilebeli. am dros isini sakuTar Tavs siqvelisTvis,
siqvelis batonobisTvis brZolis medidur iers aniWeben. „Cven
vcxovrobT, Cven vkvdebiT, Cven msxverplad vwiravT sakuTar
Tavs sikeTisTvis“ („WeSmariteba“, „sinaTle“, „RvTis sasufe-
veli“). sinamdvileSi ki isini imas akeTeben, rac ar SeuZli-
aT, rom ar gaakeTon. isini soroSi SeyuJuli TxunelebiviT
arian da moCvenebebis msgavsad, CrdilebSi cxovroben. aqedan
isini sakuTari TavisTvis valdebulebas qmnian. swored val-
debulebidan gamomdinare warmoadgens maTi cxovreba mor-
Cilebas, xolo rogorc morCileba, is RvTismosaobis kidev
erTi dasturia... oh, es morCili, umanko da gulmowyale si-
crue! „Cveni mowme Tavad siqvele unda iyos“... saxarebebi _ es
moralis meSveobiT macdunebeli wignebia: es kacunebi mora-
lis konfiskacias axdenen; maT ician, rogor unda moralTan
mopyroba! kacobriobas yvelaze iolad moralis meSveobiT
acucurakeben! _ realoba isaa, rom aq rCeulTa sruliad gac-
nobierebuli pativmoyvareoba mokrZalebulobanas TamaSobs:
sakuTari Tavi, „Temi“, „keTilni da samarTlianni“ erTxel da
samudamod ganaTavses erT _ „WeSmaritebis“ mxares, yvelaferi
danarCeni, anu „samyaro“ _ meore mxares... es iyo gandidebis
maniis yvelaze sabediswero saxeoba, rac ki odesme arsebula
dedamiwaze. araraoba farisevlebma da crupentelebma daiwyes
iseTi cnebebis miTviseba, rogorebicaa „RmerTi“, „WeSmarite-
ba“, „sinaTle“ „suli“, „siyvaruli“, „sibrZne“, „cxovreba“, _
78
TiTqos es cnebebi Tavad maTi sinonimebi yofiliyo. amiT maT
sakuTari Tavi „samyarosgan“ gamijnes. mdabio da amave dros
srulyofilma ebraelebma, romlebic nebismieri sagiJeTisT-
vis gamodgebodnen, yvela Rirebuleba sakuTar Tavs moarges,
TiTqos mxolod „qristiani“ iyo yovelive danarCenis sazrisi,
marili, zoma da, aseve, gankiTxvis dRe... mTeli es ubedureba
mxolod imitom gaxda SesaZlebeli, rom samyaroSi ukve arse-
bobda gandidebis maniis monaTesave _ iudeuri _ saxeoba. ro-
gorc ki iudevelebsa da iudevel qristianebs Soris ufskru-
li gaCnda, ukanasknelT sxva aRaraferi darCenodaT, garda
imisa, rom Tavad iudevelebis winaaRmdeg miemarTaT TviTSen-
arCunebis igive procedurebi, romlebsac iudauri instinqti
aRZravda (manamde iudevelebi am procedurebs mxolod yove-
live ara-iudeuris winaaRmdeg iyenebdnen). qristiani igive
ebraelia, oRond „ufro Tavisufali“ aRmsareblobisa.

45.

ramdenime magaliTs moviyvan imis saCveneblad, Tu riT ga-

moitenes Tavebi am araraobebma, ra aTqmevines maT sakuTar
moZRvars. es „mSvenier sulTa“ namdvili aRiarebaa.
„xolo Tu aravin migiRoT da arc isminos Tqveni, iqidan
gamosvlisas, maT samowmeblad CamoibertyeT Tqveni fexidan
mtveri. WeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven: gankiTxvis dRe sodomisa
da gomorisTvis ufro asatani iqneba, vidre im qalaqisaTvis.“
(mark. 6:11) _ ramdenad saxarebiseulia!
„da vinc acdunebs Tundac erT am mcireTagans, romelsac
me vwamvar, ujobs wisqvilis dolabi dahkidon yelze da zRva-
Si danTqan“ (mark. 9:42) _ ramdenad saxarebiseulia!
„xolo Tu Seni Tvali gacdunebs, amoiTxare igi: gijobs
calTvala Sexvide RmrTis sasufevelSi, vidre orive Tvalis
mqone Cavarde cecxlis geenaSi, sadac ulevia maTTvis matli

79
da uSreti _ cecxli.“ (mark. 9:47-48) _ oRond aq Tvali ar ig-
ulisxmeba.51
„da uTxra maT: WeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven: zogi aq my-
ofTagani ar igemebs sikvdils, sanam ar ixilavs RmrTis sa-
sufevels, momavals ZalmosilebiT.“ (mark. 9:1) _ kargad icrue,
lomo.52
„visac surs me momdios, ganudges Tavis Tavs, aiRos Tavisi
jvari da gamomyves me, radgan...“ (fsiqologis SeniSvna. qris-
tianuli morali uariyofa am „radgan“-iT. sakuTari „safuZv-
lebis“ uaryofa qristianulia) (mark. 8:34).
„nu gansjiT, raTa ar ganisajoT... romeli sawyauliTac mi-
uwyavT, imiTve mogewyviT Tqven.“ (maTe, 7:1-2) _ samarTliano-
bis da „samarTliani“ msajulis rogori gagebaa!
„radganac Tu geyvarebaT Tqveni moyvasni, ra iqneba Tqve-
ni sazRauri? gana aseve ar iqcevian mebaJenic? anda Tu
moikiTxavT mxolod Tqvens moZmeT, uCveulos ras sCadixarT?
gana aseve ar iqcevian warmarTnic?“ (maTe. 5:46-47) _ „qristian-
uli siyvarulis“ principi: bolos da bolos mas surs, rom
kargad gadauxadon...
„xolo Tu ar miutevebT adamianebs maTs Secodebebs, arc
Tqvens Secodebebs mogitevebT mama Tqveni zecieri.“ (maTe.
6:15) _ zemoxsenebuli „mamis“ metismeti komprometireba.
„maS, eZebeT upirvelesad uflis sasufeveli da simarTle
misi, da yovelive es mogecemaT Tqven.“ (maTe. 6:33) _ yovelive
es, anu sakvebi, samosi, yvela cxovrebiseuli saarsebo saW-
iroeba. mokrZalebulad rom vTqvaT, es Secdomaa... odnav qve-
moT RmerTi TerZad gvevlineba, sul mcire, garkveul SemTx-
vevebSi mainc...
„ixarebdeT da ilxendeT im dRes, vinaidan didia Tqveni
sazRauri caSi. aseve eqceodnen winaswarmetyvelTac maTi ma-
mebi.“ (luka, 6:23) _ utifari naxiri! sakuTar Tavs ukve winas-
warmetyvelebs utoleben!
„nuTu ar iciT, rom RvTis taZari xarT, da suli RvTisa
mkvidrobs TqvenSi? vinc RvTis taZars daaqcevs, daaqcevs mas
RmerTi, radganac RvTis taZari wmidaa, da esa xarT Tqven.“

80
(pavle. 1 kor. 3:16-17) _ am debulebisTvis SeuZlebelia siZul-
vilis saTanado ulufis gamoZebna...
„nuTu ar iciT, rom wmidani ganikiTxaven qveyanas, xolo Tu
qveyana Tqvens mier ganikiTxeba, gana imisi Rirsni ara xarT,
rom ufro wvrilmani saqmeni gansajoT?“ (pavle. 1 kor. 6:2)
_ samwuxarod, es ar aris mxolod SeSlilis sityvebi... es
saSineli matyuara ganagrZobs: „nuTu ar iciT, rom Cven gan-
vikiTxavT angelozebs, da gana miT umetes ar ganvsjiT saero
saqmeTac?“
„gana siSleged ar aqcia RmerTma sibrZne amqveyniuri?
radgan RvTis sibrZneSi rom ver Seicno RmerTi qveyanam Tavisi
sibrZniT, RmerTma ineba qadagebis siSlegiT exsna morwmune-
ni... cotaa Tqvens Soris xorcielad brZeni, cotaa Zlieri,
cotaa warCinebuli. magram RmerTma gamoarCia Slegni ama qvey-
nisani, raTa arcxvinos brZenni, da uZlurni ama qveynisani,
raTa arcxvinos Zlierni. ugvaroni ama qveynisa, ubadrukni da
ararsni gamoarCia RmerTma, raTa arad aqcios arsni, da, am-
rigad, arcerTi xorcieli ar iqadodes RvTis winaSe.“ (pav-
le. 1 kor. 1:20 da Semdeg) _ am adgilis gasagebad _ romel-
ic umaRlesi xarisxis sabuTia Candalas nebismieri moralis
fsiqologiisTvis, _ unda gaecnoT Cemi moralis genealogiis
pirvel ganyofilebas: iq pirveladaa gaSuqebuli Candalas _
ressentiment-idan da ususuri Surisgebidan warmoqmnili mor-
alisa da aristokratuli moralisa dapirispireba. pavle Su-
risZiebis mociqulTagan udidesi iyo...

46.

ra gamomdinareobs aqedan? is, rom kargad iqcevian, Tuki

„axali aRTqmis“ kiTxvisas xelTaTmanebs ikeTeben. aseTi didi
usufTaobis siaxlove TiTqmis gvaiZulebs amas. Cven iseve
mciredi survili gvaqvs „pirvel qristianebTan“ urTierTo-

81
bisa, rogorc polonel ebraelebTan, _ ara im mizeziT, rom
raime gvaqvs maT winaaRmdeg... ubralod, orive saxeobas cudi
suni asdis. _ amaod veZebdi „axal aRTqmaSi“ erT simpaTiur
Tvisebas mainc: masSi araferia iseTi, rasac SeiZleba Tavis-
ufali, keTili, gulwrfeli, patiosani vuwodoT. adamianoba
aq arc ki gamovlenila, ar gvxvdeba sisufTavis instinqte-
bi... „axal aRTqmaSi“ mxolod uvargisi instinqtebia da ar hy-
ofniT simamace Tavad am uvargis instinqtebTan mimarTeba-
Sic ki. sruli simxdale, Tvalebis daxuWva da TviTmotyueba
_ ai, ra aris masSi. nebismieri wigni sufTad mogeCvenebaT,
Tuki mas „axali aRTqmis“ Semdeg waikiTxavT. ase magaliTad,
uSualod pavles epistoleTa Semdeg aRfrTovanebiT vkiTx-
ulobdi momxiblav da damcinav petroniuss,53 romlis Sesaxeb
igives Tqma SeiZleba, rac domeniko bokaCiom miswera hercog
parmas Cezare borjias Sesaxeb: „e tutto festo“ _ usasrulod
janmrTeli, usasrulod mxiaruli da iRbliani... es patara
mliqvnelebi swored mTavars ver iTvaliswineben. isini Tavs
esxmian, magram yvelaferi, rasac isini Tavs esxmian, am Ta-
vdasxmiT gamorCeuli xdeba. is, visac „pirveli qristiani“
esxmis Tavs, amiT ar isvreba... piriqiT: pativia, mowinaaRm-
deged „pirveli qristiani“ gyavdes. rodesac „axal aRTqmas“
kiTxulob, upiratesobas aniWeb yvelafers, rasac is arafrad
agdebs, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT „ama qveynis sibrZneze“, rom-
lis wabilwvas „qadagebis sibriyviT“ Tavxedi matyuara amaod
cdilobs... Tumca, aseT mowinaaRmdegeTa gamo, Tavad farisev-
lebi da mwignobrebi rCebian mogebuli: xom unda iyos maTSi
raRac faseuli, Tuki isini ase saSinlad sZulT. pirferoba _
ai sayveduri, romlis srola gabedes „pirvelma qristianeb-
ma“! bolos da bolos, isini privilegirebulebi iyvnen, _ es
sakmarisia, Candalas siZulvils sxva safuZveli ar sWirdeba.
„pirveli qristiani“ da vSiSob, rom „ukanasknelic“ (romel-
sac, SesaZloa, moveswro kidec), Tavisi yvelaze qvena instin-
qtebidan gamomdinare, aris meamboxe yovelive privilegire-
bulis winaaRmdeg. is yovelTvis „Tanabari uflebebisTvis“
cxovrobs da ibrZvis... Tu ukeT davakvirdebiT, vnaxavT, rom

82
mas sxva arCevani arc gaaCnia. Tuki surT, rom Tavad iyvnen
„RmerTis rCeulebi“, „RvTis taZari“, an „angelozTa msajuli“,
maSin arCevis nebismieri sxva principi, magaliTad samarTlia-
nobis, gonebis, mamacobisa da siamayis, silamazisa da gulis
Tavisuflebis, ubralod „amqveyniuria“, ukve TavisTavadaa
boroteba... Segoneba: „pirveli qristianis“ bageTagan war-
moTqmuli yoveli sityva sicruea, mis mier ganxorcielebuli
yoveli qmedeba instinqturi sicruea, yvela misi faseuloba
da mizani mavnea. magram vinc mas sZuls da rac mas sZuls, is
Rirebulia... qristiani, gansakuTrebiT ki qristiani mRvde-
li, Rirebulebis kriteriumia... nuTu aucilebelia imis Tqma,
rom mTel „axal aRTqmaSi“ erTaderT figuras vxvdebiT, ro-
melic pativiscemas imsaxurebs? esaa pilate, romaeli gamge-
beli. mas ar SeuZlia, aiZulos Tavisi Tavi, rom seriozulad
miiRos iudevelTa kamaTi. erTi ebraeliT meti Tu naklebi _
ra mniSvneloba aqvs? romaelis keTilSobilma dacinvam, rom-
lis winaSec sityva „WeSmariteba“ usircxvilod daamaxinjes,
„axali aRTqma“ erTaderTi Rirebuli gamoTqmiT gaamdidra,
rac, imavdroulad mis kritikasa da uaryofas warmoadgens:
„ra aris WeSmariteba!“...

47.

is ki ar gamogvarCevs sxvebisgan, rom Cven ver vpoulobT

RmerTs verc istoriaSi, verc bunebaSi da verc mis miRma, ar-
amed is, rom RmerTad Tayvancemuls Cven vgrZnobT ara ro-
gorc „RvTaebrivs“, aramed rogorc ususurs, absurdulsa da
mavnes, _ ara mxolod rogorc cdomilebas, aramed rogorc
danaSauls cxovrebis winaSe... Cven uarvyofT RmerTs rogorc
RmerTs... Tuki dagvimtkicebdnen, rom qristianTa es RmerTi
arsebobs, Cven kidev ufro naklebad SevZlebdiT mis rwmenas.
Deus, qualem Paulus creavit, dei negatio54 formulis Tanaxmad. is-

83
eTi religia, rogoric qristianobaa, romelsac arc erT wer-
tilSi ara aqvs Sexeba sinamdvilesTan; romelic myisve naw-
ilebad iSleba, rogorc ki sinamdvile Tundac erT wertilSi
mkvidrdeba, samarTlianad unda iyos samkvdro-sasicocx-
lod gadakidebuli „amsofliur sibrZnes“, anu mecnierebas.
misTvis yvela saSualeba misaRebi iqneba, romlis meSveobiT
SesaZlebelia sulis disciplinis, sindisis sakiTxebSi sicxa-
disa da simkacris, sulis keTilSobiluri TavSekavebisa da
Tavisuflebis mowamvla, ciliswameba, saxelis gatexa. „rwme-
na“, rogorc imperativi, aris veto mecnierebis winaaRmdeg, in
praxi55 sicrue nebismier fasad... pavle mixvda, rom sicrue,
rom „rwmena“ aucilebeli iyo. eklesiam mogvianebiT gaugo pav-
les. is „RmerTi“, romelic pavlem gamoigona, RmerTi, rome-
lic arcxvens „amsofliur sibrZnes“ (arsebiTad yovelgvari
crurwmenis or did mters _ filologiasa da medicinas),
sinamdvileSi mxolod Tavad pavles Tamami gadawyvetilebaa,
TviTon gaekeTebina es, _ „RmerTi“ ewodebina Tavisi sakuTari
nebisTvis. Thora _ es Rrmad iudeuria. pavles „amsofliuri
sibrZnisTvis“ saxelis gatexa surs. misi mtrebi aleqsandri-
uli ganswavlis kargi eqimebi da filologebia. maT igi oms
ucxadebs. marTlac, SeuZlebelia iyo filologi da eqimi da,
amave dros, ar iyo antiqristiani. filologi „wminda wignebs“
miRma imzireba, xolo eqimi xedavs, ra imaleba tipiuri qris-
tianis fiziologiuri gadagvarebis miRma. eqimi ambobs: „ganu-
kurnebelia“, filologi ki ambobs _ „TaRliToba“...

48.

gaiges ki cnobili istoria, romelic bibliis dasawyisSia

moTxrobili _ istoria RmerTis jojoxeTuri SiSis Sesaxeb
mecnierebis winaSe? is ver iqna gagebuli.56 es mRvdelTa wigni
par excellence iwyeba, rogorc es mosalodnelic iyo, mRvdlis

84
didi Sinagani dabrkolebiT. mis winaSe erTaderTi diadi sa-
frTxea. Sesabamisad, „RmerTis“ winaSec erTaderTi diadi sa-
frTxea.
Zveli RmerTi, Tavidan bolomde „suli“, namdvili umaRlesi
qurumi, WeSmariti srulyofileba, Tavis baRSi seirnobs. Tum-
ca, igi mowyenilia. mowyenilobis winaSe RmerTebic ki uZlurni
arian. ras akeTebs is? is adamians qmnis: adamiani gasarTobia...
magram es ra aris? adamianic mowyenilia. usazRvroa RvTiu-
ri mowyaleba im erTaderTi ubedurebisadmi, romlisgan arc
erTi samoTxe ar aris Tavisufali: RmerTma myisierad Seqmna
sxva cxovelebic. RmerTis pirveli Secdoma: adamians cxoveli
sainteresod ar moeCvena, is gabatonda maTze, man ar isurva,
„cxovelad“ yofna. _ maSin RmerTma qali Seqmna. da marTlac,
mowyeniloba dasrulda, iseve, rogorc mravali sxva ram! qali
RmerTis meore Secdoma iyo. _ „qali Tavisi bunebiT gvelia,
Heva“, _ es yvela qurumma icis. „qalebisganaa yvela ubedureba
dedamiwaze“ _ esec yvela qurumisTvisaa cnobili. „Sesabamisad,
misganve modis mecniereba“... qalma aswavla adamians xe cnoba-
dis nayofis gasinjva. _ ra miviReT? Zveli RmerTi sazarelma
SiSma moicva. Tavad adamiani iqca RmerTis udiades Secdomad,
adamianis saxiT man metoqe Seiqmna: mecniereba aTanasworebs
RmerTTan; rodesac adamiani mecnieruli xdeba, RmerTebisa da
qurumebis dasasruli dgeba! _ Segoneba: mecniereba, rogorc
aseTi, akrZalulia. mecniereba _ esaa pirveli codva, yvela
codvaTa safuZveli, pirvelqmnili codva. mxolod es aris
morali. _ „Sen ar unda Seimecno“, _ sxva yvelaferi aqedan
gamomdinareobs. _ jojoxeTuri SiSi xels ar uSlis RmerTs,
eSmakoba gamoiCinos. rogor davicvaT Tavi mecnierebisgan?
_ es didi xniT iqca mis mTavar problemad. pasuxi: adamiani
gaZevebul unda iqnes samoTxidan! bedniereba da usaqmuroba
azrovnebas uwyoben xels, magram yvela azri cudia... adamiani
ar unda azrovnebdes. _ amitomac „qurumi TavisTavad“ igonebs
gaWirvebas, sikvdils, sicocxlisTvis saSiS fexmZimobas, yvela
saxis ubedurebas, siberes, cxovrebiseul tvirTs, upirveles
yovlisa ki avadmyofobas _ TiToeuli maTgani sando iaraRia
85
mecnierebasTan sabrZolvelad! gaWirveba ar iZleva fiqris sa-
Sualebas... da mainc! hoi, saSinelebav! Semecnebis xe izrdeba,
zecas uwevs, Crdilavs RmerTebs. ra unda gakeTdes? _ da Zve-
li RmerTi igonebs oms, is TiSavs erebs, ise akeTebs, rom ada-
mianebi erTmaneTs Jleten (_ qurums yovelTvis sWirdeboda
omi...). sxvaTa Soris, omi didi dabrkolebaa mecnierebisTvis!
_ warmoudgenelia! omis miuxedavad, Semecneba, qurumisgan
emansipacia mainc izrdeba. _ da ai, Zveli RmerTi ukanasknel
gadawyvetilebas iRebs: „adamianma mecnierebas gaugo gemo, _
aRar aris saSveli, is warRvnil unda iqnes!“...

49.

me gamiges. bibliis dasawyisi mRvdlis mTel fsiqolo-

gias Seicavs. _ mRvdeli erTaderT diad safrTxes cnobs _
mecnierebas, anu mizezebisa da moqmedebebis janmrTel gagebas.
magram mecniereba zogadad warmatebulia mxolod xelsayrel
viTarebebSi: aucilebelia gonebisa da drois siWarbe, raTa
„Seimecno“... „Sesabamisad, aucilebelia, rom adamiani ubedur-
ad aqcion“ _ es mRvdlis mudmivi logikaa. _ ukve SegviZlia ga-
movicnoT, ra iSva amqveynad am logikis Sesabamisad: „codva“...
danaSaulisa da sasjelis cnebebi, mTeli „zneobrivi msofl-
wesrigi“ mecnierebis winaaRmdegaa mofiqrebuli, adamianis mR-
vdlebisgan gaTavisuflebis winaaRmdeg... adamiani ar unda im-
zirebodes gareT, misi mzera sakuTari Tavis SigniT unda iyos
mimarTuli; igi ar unda umzerdes sagnebsa da movlenebs Wkvi-
anurad da windaxedulad, rogorc Semswavleli; igi saerTod
ar unda iyurebodes, igi unda itanjebodes... da Tan ise unda
itanjebodes, rom misTvis mudam aucilebeli iyos mRvdeli. _
Zirs eqimebi! mxsnelia saWiro. _ imisTvis, rom adamianSi mize-
zobriobis gancda gaanadguron, igoneben danaSaulisa da sas-
jelis cnebebs, „wyalobis“, „gamosyidvisa“ da „mitevebis“ Ses-
86
axeb moZRvrebis CaTvliT (sruliad yalbi cnebebi yovelgvari
fsiqologiuri realobis gareSe). es yvelaferi aris Tavdasxma
mizezisa da moqmedebis cnebebze! _ amasTan, Tavdasxma ara muS-
tis an danis, gulwrfeli siyvarulis an siZulvilis meSveo-
biT! es Tavdasxma momdinareobs yvelaze laCruli, yvelaze
cbieri, yvelaze mdabali instinqtebidan! mRvdlis Tavdasxma!
parazitis Tavdasxma! fermkrTal miwisqveSa sisxlismsmelTa
vampirizmi!.. rodesac moqmedebis bunebrivi Sedegebi ukve aR-
araa „bunebrivi“ da isini moiazrebian, rogorc moCvenebiTi da
crurwmeniTi cnebebiT („RmerTi“, „suli“, „suliereba“) gan-
pirobebuli, rogorc mxolod „moraluri“ Sedegebi, rogorc
jildo, sasjeli, miniSneba, aRzrdis saSualeba, maSin Semec-
nebis winapirobebi nadgurdeba da kacobriobis mimarT udide-
si danaSaulia Cadenili. _ codva, adamianis TviTgaxrwnis es
forma par excellence, rogorc ukve iTqva, gamogonebul iqna
imisTvis, raTa SeuZleblad eqciaT yvela saxis mecniereba,
kultura, adamianis amaRleba da gakeTilSobileba. mRvdeli
codvis gamogonebis wyalobiT batonobs.

50.

aq mdumared ar avuvli gverds „rwmenisa“ da „morwmune-

Ta“ fsiqologias, Tavad am „morwmuneTa“ interesebidan ga-
momdinare. Tuki dRes jer kidev ar ganvicdiT imaT naklebo-
bas, romlebmac ar ician, ramdenad Seuferebelia „morwmuned“
yofna (rac warmoadgens décadence-is niSans, dasaxiCrebul
nebas sicocxlisadmi), xval maT es ukve ecodinebaT. Cemi xma
smenadaqveiTebulebsac wvdeba. _ rogorc Cans, Tuki ar momes-
ma, qristianebs gaaCniaT WeSmaritebis kriteriumi, romelsac
„Zalismieri sabuTi“ ewodeba. „rwmena netarad aqcevs. Sesabam-
isad, is WeSmaritia“.57 _ pasuxad imis Tqma SeiZleboda, rom
netareba aq ki ar sabuTdeba, aramed mxolod aRTqmulia. ne-
87
tareba „rwmenazea“ damokidebuli; cxondebi, Tuki irwmuneb...
magram riT mtkicdeba, rom marTlac moxdeba is, rasac mRvde-
li hpirdeba morwmunes, rogorc „imqveyniurs“, miuwvdomels
raime saxis kontrolisTvis? _ amgvarad, moCvenebiTi „Zalis-
mieri sabuTi“ safuZvelSi isev da isev mxolod rwmenaa imi-
sa, rom adgili eqneba moqmedebas, romlis piroba rwmenam
gasca. „me mwams, rom rwmena netarad aqcevs. Sesabamisad, is
WeSmaritia“. _ magram amiT yvelaferi morCa kidec. es „Sesa-
bamisad“ absurdi iqneboda WeSmaritebis kriteriumad yofnis
SemTxvevaSic. _ Tumca, Tuki Cven garkveuli SemwynareblobiT
davuSvebT, rom cxoneba rwmeniT sabuTdeba (rogorc ara mx-
olod sasurveli, rogorc ara mxolod qurumis saeWvo bageTa
mier dapirebuli ram), miuxedavad amisa, iyo Tu ara netare-
ba (teqnikurad Tu vityviT, siamovneba) odesme WeSmaritebis
damadasturebeli? imdenad mcired, rom is TiTqmis sapirisp-
iro sabuTs gvaZlevs. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, Tuki „ra aris
WeSmariteba?“ SekiTxvaze pasuxSi siamovnebis gancda Tana-
monawileobs, maSin uzarmazari eWvi iqmneba WeSmaritebasTan
mimarTebiT. „siamovnebiT“ dasabuTeba aris dasabuTeba „siam-
ovnebisTvis“ da meti araferi. saidan gvaqvs Cven ufleba vamt-
kicoT, rom swored WeSmariti Sexedulebebi gvaniWeben ufro
met siamovnebas, vidre yalbi Sexedulebebi? da rom winaswar-
gansazRvruli harmoniis meSveobiT isini aucileblad sasia-
movno SegrZnebebs iwveven? _ yvela mkacri da Rrma gonebis
gamocdileba sapirispiros gvaswavlis. WeSmaritebisken ga-
dadgmuli yoveli nabiji brZoliT iyo mosapovebeli. misTvis
msxverplad unda gaeRoT yvelaferi, riTic Cveni guli, Cveni
siyvaruli, cxovrebisadmi Cveni ndoba ikvebeba. amisTvis su-
lis sidiadea saWiro. WeSmaritebis samsaxuri yvelaze mkacri
samsaxuria. _ ras niSnavs, iyo patiosani sulier ambebSi? es
niSnavs imas, rom iyo mkacri sakuTari gulisadmi, gZuldes
„mSvenieri grZnobebi“, yoveli „ho“ da „ara“ sindisis sasworze
unda iqnes Segdebuli! _ _ _ rwmena aqcevs netarad: maSasa-
dame, is cruobs!

88
 51.

is, rom garkveul viTarebaSi rwmena netarebas aniWebs,

rom netareba am akviatebuli ideidan ver qmnis WeSmarit
ideas, rom rwmena ar Zravs mTebs, aramed piriqiT, axvavebs
mTebs iq, sadac isini saerTod ar aris, _ es sakmarisi odeno-
biT SegviZlia gavigoT, Tu fsiqiatriul samkurnaloSi ga-
vivliT. ra Tqma unda, es mRvdels ar exeba, radgan mRvdeli
instinqtidan gamomdinare uaryofs, rom daavadeba daavadebaa
da rom fsiqiatriuli samkurnalo _ fsiqiatriuli samkur-
naloa. qristianobas esaWiroeba avadmyofoba iseve, rogorc
saberZneTs esaWiroeboda janmrTelobis siWarbe. avadmyofad
qceva _ esaa eklesiis mier SemoTavazebuli xsnis sistemebis
dafaruli ganzraxva. da Tavad eklesia? xom ar warmoadgens
kaTolikuri fsiqiatriuli samkurnalo mis umaRles ideals?
mTeli dedamiwac fsiqiatriuli samkurnalo xom ar aris? _
religiuri adamiani, rogoric is eklesias surs, _ aris tip-
iuri dekadenti. dro, rodesac xalxze religiuri krizisia
gabatonebuli, yovelTvis nervuli epidemiebiT xasiaTdeba.
religiuri adamianis „Sinagani samyaro“ imdenad hgavs zeaRg-
znebulTa da gamofitulTa „Sinagan samyaros“, rom isini
SesaZloa erTmaneTSi agverios. „uzenaesi mdgomareobebi“,
romlebic qristianobam kacobriobas moaxvia Tavs, rogorc
yvela faseulobaTa faseuloba, _ es epileptoiduri forme-
bia. eklesia wmindanebs miakuTvnebda mxolod SeSlilebs an
diad TaRliTebs in majorem dei honorem...58 erTxel sakuTar
Tavs ufleba miveci, monaniebisa da xsnis mTeli qristianu-
li training59 (romlis Seswavla axla yvelaze kargad inglisSia
SesaZlebeli) damexasiaTebina, rogorc meTodurad gamowveu-
li folie circulaire.60 TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom is vrceldeba
amisTvis ukve momzadebul anu Rrmad daavadebul niadagze.
yvela ver iqceva qristianad, qristianad „moqceva“ ar xde-
ba, _ amisaTvis sakmarisad unda daavaddeT... Cven, gansxvave-
bulebs, visac gvaqvs simamace janmrTelobisa da, aseve, si-
Zulvilisken, rogor SeiZleba, rom ar gvZuldes religia,
89
romelic sxeulis ugulebelyofas aswavlida! romelsac ar
surs ganTavisufldes sulis Sesaxeb crurwmenisgan! romelic
deficituri kvebisgan „damsaxurebas“ qmnis! romelic ebrZvis
janmrTels, rogorc mters, eSmaks, cdunebas! romelmac sa-
kuTari Tavi daarwmuna, rom SesaZloa, „srulyofili suli“
ataro gvamis msgavs sxeulSi, risTvisac mas sakuTari TavisT-
vis „srulyofilebis“ axali cnebis Seqmna dasWirda. uferu-
li, avadmyofuri, idioturad meocnebe ram, egreT wodebuli
„siwminde“, romelic gaRatakebuli, gamofituli, ukurneb-
lad gaxrwnili sxeulis simptomebis erTobliobaaa da meti
araferi!.. qristianuli moZraoba, rogorc evropuli moZ-
raoba, imTaviTve yovelive uvargisisa da gadagvarebulis
moZraobaa, romelsac Zalauflebis mopoveba surs qristiano-
basTan erTad. qristianuli moZraoba ar gamoxatavs rasis da-
kninebas, is agregatia, romelic décadence-is erTmaneTisadmi
mswrafi formebidan warmoiqmna. Tavad antikurobisa da misi
keTilSobilebis gadagvarebas rodi warmouSvia qristianoba,
rogorc es dRes miaCniaT. swavluli idiotizmi, romelic jer
kidev amtkicebs raime amis msgavss, yvelaze mkveTr uaryofas
imsaxurebs. im dros rodesac mTels imperiaSi61 moxda Canda-
las sneuli da gaxrwnili fenebis gaqristianeba, swored rom
sapirispiro tipi, anu keTilSobileba misi yvelaze mSvenieri
da momwifebuli saxiT arsebobda. magram raodenoba gabaton-
da; qristianul instinqtTa demokratiulobam gaimarjva...
qristianoba ar iyo „nacionaluri“, ar iyo ganpirobebuli ra-
sis mier. is mimarTavda yvela cxovrebisgan gaubedurebuls,
mokavSireebi mas yvelgan hyavda. qristianobam sneulTa ran-
cune62 Tavis safuZvlad aqcia, xolo instinqti janmrTelTa,
janmrTelobis winaaRmdeg mimarTa. yovelive warmatebuli,
amayi, Tamami, upirveles yovlisa ki mSveniereba, mis smena-
sa da mxedvelobas tkivils ayenebda. kidev erTxel vixsen-
eb pavles Seufasebel sityvebs: „RmerTma gamoarCia Slegni
ama qveynisani, uZlurni ama qveynisani, ugvaroni ama qveynisa,
ubadrukni da ararsni gamoarCia RmerTma.“63 es iyo formula,
in hoc signo64 gaimarjva décadence-ma. _ RmerTi jvarze _ nuTu
90
jer kidev ar aris gagebuli am simbolos saSineli cbiere-
ba? yvelaferi, rac itanjeba, rac jvarzea _ RvTabrivia...
Cven yvelani jvarze varT gakrulebi, Sesabamisad, Cven RvTae-
brivebi varT... mxolod Cven varT RvTaebrivni... qristianoba
gamarjveba iyo, xolo amis Sedegad ufro keTilSobiluri
azrovneba daiRupa. dRemde qristianoba kacobriobis udide-
si ubedureba iyo...

52.

qristianoba upirispirdeba, aseve, yovelgvar inteleqtu-

alur iRblianobas. qristianul gonebad mxolod avadmyofi
goneba gamodgeba. qristianoba yovelgvari idiotizmis mxares
iWers, is wyevlas amoTqvams „sulis“, jansaRi sulis super-
bia-s65 winaaRmdeg. radgan avadmyofoba qristianobis arss
miekuTvneba, tipiurad qristianuli mdgomareobac, anu „rw-
menac“, avadmyofobis forma unda iyos. yvela pirdapiri
da patiosani, mecnieruli gza Semecnebisken uaryofili unda
iyos eklesiis mier, rogorc akrZaluli gzebi. eWvi ukve
codvaa... fsiqologiuri sisufTavis sruli ararseboba, rac
mRvdlis mzeraSi mJRavndeba, décadence-is Sedegia. isteri-
ul dedakacebsa da raqitian bavSvebze dakvirvebiT SegviZlia
SevniSnoT, décadence-is ramdenad kanonzomier gamoxatule-
bas warmoadgens instinqturi siyalbe, siamovneba sicruisa
sicruisTvis, pirdapiri mzerisa da sworad siarulis uun-
aroba. WeSmaritebis codnaze uaris Tqmas „rwmena“ ewodeba.
farisevlebi, orive sqesis mRvdlebi, yalbni arian, radgan
avad arian. maTi instinqti moiTxovs, rom WeSmaritebam versad
ver unda gaimarjvos. „is, rac asneulebs, sikeTea, xolo is,
rac sisavsidan, siWarbidan, Zalauflebidan modis, borote-
baa“ _ amas grZnobs morwmune. uneburi sicrue _ am niSniT
91
amovicnob yvela mowodebiT Teologs. _ Teologis meore ni-
Sani filologiisadmi gamousadegrobaa. filologiis qveS aq
unda vigulisxmoT kargad kiTxvis xelovneba, rasakvirvelia,
am sityvis yvelaze farTo gagebiT; faqtebis amokiTxva inter-
pretaciebiT maTi damaxinjebis gareSe; gagebisken swrafvis
dros sifrTxilis, moTminebis, sifaqizis dakargvis gareSe.
filologia, rogorc Ephexis66 ganmartebaSi: ara aqvs mniSvne-
loba, exeba saqme wignebs, sagazeTo siaxleebs, bedisweras Tu
amindis prognozs, _ „sulis xsnis“ Sesaxeb rom aRaraferi
vTqvaT... Teologi, miuxedavad imisa, berlinSia is Tu romSi,
„wminda werils“ ganmartavs Tu gancdas (magaliTad, erovnu-
li laSqris gamarjvebas daviTis fsalmunTa kaSkaSa Suqis
qveS), yovelTvis imdenad Tamamia, rom filologi mzadaa,
kedelze abobRdes. an ki ra unda qnas, rodesac farisevle-
bi da Svabiis sxva Zroxebi TavianT ubadruk yoveldRiuro-
bas da damyayebul arsebobas „RmerTis mimaniSnebeli TiTis“
meSveobiT „wyalobis“ saocrebad, „gangebad“, „xsnad“ aqceven!
yvelaze mcire ulufa gonebisa (wesierebaze rom araferi
vTqvaT), sakmarisi iqneboda, raTa es ganmmarteblebi imasTan
mieyvana, darwmunebuliyvnen, ramdenad sruliad bavSvuri da
uRirsia RvTiuri miniSnebis aseTi borotad gamoyeneba. WeS-
mariti RvTismosaobis aseTive mcire xarisxiT iZulebulni
viqnebodiT, sruliad absurdulad gveRiarebina iseTi Rmer-
Ti, romelic surdosgan gvkurnavs, an etls gvawvdis im mo-
mentSi, rodesac Zlieri wvima iwyeba. aseTi RmerTi romc ar-
sebuliyo, is unda gagveuqmebina.67 RmerTi, rogorc msaxuri,
rogorc fostalioni, rogorc kalendari, _ arsebiTad, es
mxolod sityvaa yvela saxis briyvuli SemTxveviTobis aRsani-
Snavad. „RvTaebrivi gangeba“, romlisac jer kidev swams daax-
loebiT yovel mesame adamians „ganaTlebul germaniaSi“, ise-
Ti argumenti iqneboda RmerTis winaaRmdeg, romelze Zliers
verc ki moifiqrebdiT. da miuxedavad amisa, is argumentia
germanelebis winaaRmdeg!..

92
 53.

is, rom martviloba, SesaZloa raimes WeSmaritebis sabu-

Tad gamodges, imdenad arasworia, rom mzad var, uarvyo, rom
wamebulebs saerTod hqondaT raime Sexeba WeSmaritebasTan.
ukve intonaciaSi, romliTac wamebuli samyaros Tavs axvevs
imas, rasac WeSmaritad miiCnevs, vlindeba inteleqtualuri
patiosnebis imdenad dabali xarisxi da iseTi sibriyve WeS-
maritebis sakiTxSi, rom wamebulis uaryofa arc kia saWiro.
WeSmariteba ar aris raRac iseTi, rac SeiZleba hqondes erTs
da ar hqondes sxvas. amnairad fiqri mxolod glexebs, an
luTeris msgavs glex mociqulebs SeeZloT. SegviZlia darw-
munebulebi viyoT, rom sulierebis sakiTxebSi sindisierebis
xarisxis Sesabamisad sul ufro matulobs ridi da sifrTx-
ile am TemebTan dakavSirebiT. icode mciredi, metis codna
ki frTxilad uaryo... „WeSmariteba“, rogorc es sityva esmis
yovel winaswarmetyvels, yovel seqtants, yovel Tavisufal
suls, yovel socialists, yovel klerikals, _ srulyofili
sabuTia imisa, rom jer arc ki dawyebula sulisa da TviT-
gadalaxvis is disciplina, romelic aucilebelia sul mcire,
Tundac pawawina WeSmaritebis sapovnelad. _ sxvaTa Soris,
martvilTa sikvdili didi ubedureba iyo istoriisTvis: isini
acdunebdnen... yvela idiotis (qalebisa da mdabioTa CaTvliT)
daskvna aseTia: Tuki raimes gamo vinme Tavs wiravs, maSin ra-
RacaSia saqme (miT ufro, Tuki is sikvdilisken swrafvis ep-
idemias warmoSobs, rogorc es pirvelyofili qristianobis
SemTxvevaSi iyo). aseTi daskvna udidesi muxruWi iyo kvlevis,
kvleva-Ziebis da windaxedulebis suliskveTebisTvis. mart-
vilebi vnebdnen WeSmaritebas... dRevandel dResac ki devnis
sisastike sakmarisia, raTa sapatio saxeli mieniWos arafris
maqnis seqtantobas. _ rogor? nuTu raimes fasi icvleba, Tuki
vinme misTvis sicocxles swiravs? _ cdomileba, romelic sa-
patiod iqca, aris cdomileba, romelic cdunebis damatebiTi
xibliTaa aRWurvili. _ xom ar fiqrobT, batono Teologe-
bo, rom Cven sababs mogcemT, raTa Tqveni sicruisTvis wame-
93
bulebad iqceT? _ raimes uaryofen, rodesac mas yvelaze So-
reul kuTxeSi moisvrian; aseve uaryofen Teologebsac. yvela
mdevnelis msoflio-istoriul sibriyves swored is warmoad-
genda, rom mowinaaRmdegeTa saqmianobas isini Rirseul saxes
aZlevdnen, rodesac mas martvilobis SaravandediT mosavd-
nen... qali dRemde muxlze dgas cdomilebis winaSe, radgan
mas uTxres, rom amisTvis viRac jvarze mokvda. nuTu jvari
argumentia? magram amasTan mimarTebiT erTaderTma Tqva is
sityva, romelic aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi sWirdebodaT,
_ zaratustram.
„sisxlis niSnebi daweres maT gzaze, romliTac dadiodnen
da maTi SeSliloba aswavlida, rom WeSmaritebas sisxliT amt-
kiceben.
magram sisxli yvelaze cudad amtkicebs WeSmaritebas.
sisxli wamlavs uwmindes moZRvrebas da mas sigiJed da gulTa
mZulvarebad gardaqmnis.
da Tuki vinme Tavisi moZRvrebisTvis cecxlSi gaivlis, _
ras amtkicebs es? WeSmaritad, ufro mets niSnavs is, rodesac
sakuTari cecxlidan sakuTari moZRvreba ibadeba“.68

54.

SecdomaSi nu Sevlen: diadi Tavebi skeptikosebi arian.

zaratustra skeptikosia. Tavisufleba, romelic sulieri
siZlierisa da misi siWarbisgan momdinareobs da simtkice
sakuTar Tavs skepticizmiT asabuTeben. ucvlel mrwamsTa
matareblebi sulac ar unda miviRoT mxedvelobaSi, rode-
sac seriozulad ganixilaven imas, rac Rirebuli, an nakle-
bad Rirebulia. myari Sexedulebebi sapatimroa. aseT dros
ver xedav sakmarisad Sors, ver xedav Sens qveS: imisTvis, rom
gabedo faseulobebisa da ara-faseulobebis Sesaxeb saubari,

94
Sens qveS da Sens ukan xuTasi mrwamsi unda moitovo...
suli, romelsac diadi surs, romelsac surs, aseve, gaaCndes
saSualebebi am diadis misaRwevad, aucileblobidan gamomdin-
are skeptikosi iqneba. Tavisufleba yvela saxis darwmunebu-
lobisgan _ esaa Zala, esaa unari, iyuro Tavisuflad... diadi
vneba, romelic skeptikuri arsebobis safuZveli da Zalaa, ro-
melic ufro ganaTlebuli da despoturia, vidre es arseboba,
mis mTel inteleqts iyenebs. igi aiZulebs mas, daueWveblad
imoqmedos; is aniWebs mas gambedaobas, mimarTos dauSvebel
saSualebebs; garkveul garemoebebSi is mas darwmunebulobis
nebasac rTavs. darwmunebuloba, rogorc saSualeba: mravalis
miRwevaa SesaZlebeli mxolod darwmunebulobis meSveobiT.
diad vnebas sWirdeba darwmunebulobebi, is iyenebs, magram
ar emorCileba maT, is sakuTar Tavs suverenulad Tvlis. _
piriqiT: rwmenis moTxovnileba, moTxovnileba raime upirobo
„ho“-sa da „ara“-sadmi, karlailizmi,69 Tuki mapatieben aseT
gamoTqmas, _ sisustis moTxovnilebaa. rwmenis adamiani, yve-
la saxis „morwmune“, _ aucileblobidan gamomdinare damok-
idebuli adamiania, _ iseTi, romelsac ar ZaluZs sakuTari
Tavi miznad dasaxos da saerTod ar ZaluZs miznis dasaxva
sakuTar Tavze dayrdnobiT. „morwmune“ ar ekuTvnis sakuTar
Tavs. is SeiZleba mxolod saSualeba iyos, is gamoyenebul
unda iqnas, igi saWiroebs vinmes, vinc mas gamoiyenebda. misi
instinqti yvelaze metad TviTdamcirebis morals scems pa-
tivs. mas yvelaferi aqeTken ubiZgebs: misi keTilgoniereba,
misi gamocdileba, misi pativmoyvareoba. yvela saxis rwmena
aris TviTgandgomis, TviTgaucxoebis gamoxatuleba... Tuki
dafiqrdebiT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania ada-
mianTa udidesi umravlesobisTvis maregulirebeli principi,
romelic maT SeakavSirebda da garegnulad ganamtkicebda; Tu
rogor aris iZuleba (monoba am sityvis umaRlesi gagebiT)
erTaderTi da ukanaskneli piroba, romlis dros susti nebis
adamiani (gansakuTrebiT, qali) warmatebas aRwevs, maSin mix-
vdebiT, ra aris darwmunebuloba, ra aris „rwmena“. mrwamsis
adamians am mrwamsSi aqvs Tavisi sayrdeni. ar dainaxos mravali
95
ram, saerTod ar iyos damoukidebeli, iyos Tavidan bolomde
mikerZoebuli, mkacri da udreki midgoma faseulobebisad-
mi _ es yvelaferi ganapirobebs saerTod aseTi tipis adami-
anebis arsebobas. magram imave mizeziT igi wrfeli adamian-
is, WeSmaritebis antagonisti xdeba... morwmunes ar ZaluZs,
keTilsindisierad miudges „WeSmaritisa“ da „araWeSmaritis“
sakiTxs. igi rom am mimarTebiT patiosani yofiliyo, myisve
daiRupeboda. misi midgomis paTologiuri ganpirobebuloba
mrwamsis mqone adamianidan fanatikoss Sobs. aseTebia: savon-
arola, luTeri, ruso, robespieri, sen-simoni. es aris tipi,
romelic sapirispiroa Zlieri, Tavisuflad qceuli tipisa.
magram am sneul tvinTa, am gonebrivi epileptikosebis me-
diduri gamometyveleba masaze moqmedebs. fanatikosebi kol-
oritulebi arian. kacobrioba upiratesobas Jestebis cqeras
aniWebs da ara daskvnebis mosmenas...

55.

kidev erTi nabiji darwmunebulobis, „rwmenis“ fsiqologi-

aSi. didi xania ukve mainteresebs sakiTxi, xom ar warmoadgens
darwmunebuloba WeSmaritebis ufro did mters, vidre siyalbe
(„adamianuri, erTob adamianuri“, gv. 331).70 amjerad me gadam-
wyvet kiTxvas vsvam: arsebobs ki saerTod dapirispireba darw-
munebulobasa da siyalbes Soris? _ mTel samyaros swams amis,
magram risi ar sjera mTel samyaros! _ yvela darwmunebulo-
bas aqvs Tavisi istoria, Tavisi winare formebi, mcdelobebi
da cdomilebebi. is darwmunebulobad iqceva mas Semdeg, rac
didxans ar iyo darwmunebuloba da kidev ufro didxans Zne-
lad Tu iyo is. rogor? xom ar iyo darwmunebulobis am embri-
onuli formebis qveSac siyalbe moqceuli? _ zogjer mxolod
individTa cvlilebaa saWiro. zogjer Svilis mrwamsad iqceva

96
is, rac jer kidev mamisTvis siyalbe iyo. _ ai, ras vuwodeb si-
crues: ar gsurdes dainaxo is, rasac xedav; ar gsurdes dain-
axo ise, rogorc xedav. ar aqvs mniSvneloba, mowmeTa Tandas-
wrebiT aqvs adgili sicrues, Tu maT gareSe. sicruis yvelaze
gavrcelebuli saxea is SemTxveva, rodesac sakuTar Tavs ityu-
eben. sxvebis motyueba SedarebiT gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevaa.
_ sinamdvileSi es survilis arqona, dainaxon is, rasac xedaven
da survilis arqona, dainaxon ise, rogorc xedaven, TiTqmis
pirveli pirobaa yvela mikerZoebulisTvis nebismieri azriT.
mikerZoebuli adamiani aucileblobiT iqceva matyuarad. mag-
aliTad, germanuli istoriografia darwmunebulia, TiTqos
romi despoturobis gansaxiereba yofiliyos, germanelebs ki
samyaroSi Tavisuflebis suli moetanoT: ra gansxvavebaa am
Sexedulebasa da siyalbes Soris? nuTu unda gvikvirdes is,
rom yvela mikerZoebuli mxare, germaneli istorikosebis CaT-
vliT, instinqturad moralis diad sityvebs gaiZaxis; rom
morali TiTqmis mxolod imitom ganagrZobs arsebobas, rom
yvela juris mikerZoebul adamians yovelwuTierad sWirde-
ba is? _ „es Cveni mrwamsia: Cven mas mTeli samyaros winaSe
vqadagebT, Cven vcocxlobT da vkvdebiT misTvis. mowiweba
yvelafrisadmi, rasac mrwamsi gaaCnia“, _ raRac amis msgavsi
antisemitebisganac gamigonia. piriqiT, batonebo! antisemiti
sulac ar warmodgeba ufro rigianad imis gamoisobiT, rom
principidan gamomdinare cruobs... mRvdlebi aseT saqmeebSi
ufro gawafulebi arian da Zalian kargad esmiT winaaRmdego-
ba, romelic darwmunebulobaSi, anu principul da amave dros
mizanmimarTul tyuilSia mocemuli. isini keTilgonierebas
ebraelebs daesesxnen da „darwmunebulobis“ nacvlad Semoi-
tanes „RmerTis“, „RvTis nebis“, „RvTis gamocxadebis“ cnebebi.
kanti imave gzaze idga Tavisi kategoriuli imperativiT: aq
misi goneba praqtikulad iqca. _ arsebobs sakiTxebi, romelTa
WeSmariteba-siyalbis sakiTxis gadawyveta adamians ar ZaluZs.
yvela umaRlesi sakiTxi, RirebulebaTa yvela umaRlesi prob-
lema adamianis gonebis miRma mdebareobs... gonebis sazRvrebis
wvdoma _ ai, ra aris, upirveles yovlisa, filosofia... risT-

97
vis uboZa RmerTma adamians gamocxadeba? nuTu man raime zed-
meti Caidina? adamians TavisTavad ar SeuZlia icodes, ra aris
sikeTe da ra _ boroteba, amitom aswavla RmerTma mas Tavisi
neba... Segoneba: mRvdeli ar cruobs. im sakiTxebSi, romelTa
Sesaxeb mRvdeli saubrobs, ar daismeba SekiTxva „WeSmaritisa“
da „yalbis“ Sesaxeb, SeuZlebelia maT Sesaxeb sicrue. radgan
imisTvis, rom icruo, unda SegeZlos, gadawyvito, ra aris aq
WeSmariti. magram swored es ar ZaluZs adamians. mRvdeli aq
mxolod RmerTis sayviria. _ aseTi qurumisebri silogizmi
mxolod ebrauls an qristianuls ar warmoadgens. siyalbis
ufleba da „gamocxadebis“ moxerxebuloba zogadad mRvdlis
tips ekuTvnis, décadence-is mRvdeli iqneba es Tu warmarTo-
bis qurumi (warmarTi _ cxovrebisadmi dadebiTad ganwyobili
yvela adamiania, romlebisTvisac „RmerTi“ yvela sagnisadmi
diadi „ho“-s gamoxatulebaa). _ „kanoni“, „RvTis neba“, „wmin-
da werili“, „STagoneba“ _ es mxolod sityvebia im pirobebis
aRsaniSnavad, romelTa dros mRvdeli Zalauflebas xelT
igdebs, romlebiTac igi Tavis Zalauflebas inarCunebs. es
cnebebi safuZvlad udevs mRvdlebis yvela organizacias, Za-
lauflebis yvela klerikalur, an filosofiur-klerikalur
sistemas. „wminda sicrue“ saerToa konfucis, manus kanonTa
kodeqsis, muhamedis, qristianuli eklesiisTvis. mas arc pla-
toni moisaklisebs. „WeSmariteba aqaa“ _ sadac ki es sityvebi
JRerdeba, isini niSnavs Semdegs: mRvdeli cruobs...

56.

sabolood, unda gairkves, Tu ra mizniT cruoben. Cemi

protesti qristianobis saSualebaTa winaaRmdeg isaa, rom mas
„wminda“ miznebi ar hyofnis. mas mxolod uvargisi miznebi
aqvs: moSxamva, ciliswameba, cxovrebis uaryofa, sxeulis si-
Zulvili, adamianis damcireba da TviTgaxrwna codvis cnebis

98
gamoyenebiT. Sesabamisad, misi saSualebebic uvargisia. _
sruliad sapirispiro gancdiT vkiTxulob manus kanonTa ko-
deqss, Seudarebeli sulierebisa da amaRlebulobis naSroms.
bibliasTan erTad misi saxelis xsenebac ki sulis winaaRmdeg
Cadenili codva iqneboda. amis mixvedra advilia: „sakuTar“
TavSi da mis miRma mas aqvs WeSmariti filosofia da ara mx-
olod myrali iudaini71 misi rabinizmiTa da crurwmenebiT.
yvelaze ganebivrebul fsiqologsac ki is Tavis sakbilos
aZlevs. mTavari ar unda dagvaviwydes, anu am wignis ZiriTadi
gansxvaveba yvela saxis bibliisgan: misi meSveobiT keTilSo-
bilTa fenebs, filosofosebsa da meomrebs, xalxTa masebi
xelSi uWiravT. mTeli wigni ganmsWvalulia keTilSobilu-
ri faseulobebiT, srulyofilebis gancdiT, sicocxlis gan-
mtkicebiT, sakuTari Tavisa da sicocxlis mimarT keTildRe-
obis mozeime gancdebiT. mTel wigns mze dahkaSkaSebs Tavze.
is yvelaferi, riskenac qristianoba Tavis usasrulo uxamso-
bas mimarTavs, rogoricaa Casaxva, qali, qorwineba, aq serio-
zulad, pativiscemiT, siyvaruliTa da ndobiTaa ganxiluli.
rogor SeiZleba bavSvebsa da qalebs mivceT wigni, romelic
aseT bilw sityvebs Seicavs: „magram siZvis Tavidan asacileb-
lad, yvela kacs Tavisi coli hyavdes da yvela qals _ Tavisi
qmari... umjobesia iqorwinon, radganac qorwineba sjobs wvasa
da dagvas“?72 da nuTu SeiZleba iyo qristiani, Tu immaculata
conceptio-s73 Sesaxeb warmodgeniT Tavad adamianis warmoSoba
qristianizdeba, anu binZurdeba?.. me ar meguleba arc erTi
wigni, sadac qalis Sesaxeb imdeni nazi da keTilganwyobili
sityva iyos naTqvami, rogorc manus kodeqsSia. es WaRarawve-
ra moxuci wmindanebi qalebis mimarT sinazis iseT xelovnebas
floben, romelic Seudarebelia. „qalis bage, _ weria erT-
gan. _ qalwulis mkerdi, bavSvis locva, msxerplis kvamli _
yovelTvis wmindaa“. sxvagan: „araferia ufro wminda, vidre
mzis Suqi, Zroxis Crdili, haeri, wyali, cecxli da qalwu-
lis sunTqva“. dabolos, ukanaskneli nawyveti, SesaZloa, kidev
erTi wminda sicrue: „yvela xvreli Wips zemoT _ wmindaa, qve-
moT _ binZuri. mxolod qalwulis sxeulia mTlianad wminda.“74
99
 57.

Tuki qristianobis miznebs manus kodeqsis miznebs Seva-

darebT, Tuki saukeTeso gziT movfenT Suqs mizanTa am udides
dapirispirebas, maSin qristianul saSualebaTa biwierebas in
fragranti75 movixelTebT. qristianobis kritikosi gverds ver
auvlis imas, rom qristianoba siZulvilis Rirsad ar warmo-
aCinos. _ kanonTa wigns, manus kodeqsis msgavss, iseTive war-
momavloba aqvs, rogorc kanonTa yvela karg wigns: igi axdens
saukuneTa gamocdilebis, keTilgonierebisa da eqsperimen-
tuli moralis Sejamebas, igi wertils svams, magram arafers
qmnis. aseTi kodifikaciis winapirobas is warmoadgens, rom
saSualebebi, romlebic xangrZlivad da Zvirad mopovebuli
WeSmaritebisTvis avtoritetis mosapoveblad gamoiyeneba,
sruliad gansxvavdeba im saSualebebisgan, romlebiTac misi
damtkiceba xdeba. kanonTa wigni arasodes saubrobs kanonis
winaistoriis sargeblis, safuZvlisa da kazuistikis Sesaxeb.
swored amis wyalobiT is dakargavda im imperatiul tons,
im „Sen unda“-s, romelic morCilebis aucilebel pirobas
warmoadgens. swored esaa problema. _ xalxis ganviTarebis
garkveul etapze misi yvelaze frTxili, anu yvelaze ufro
SorsmWvreti da warsulSi Caxeduli fena acxadebs, rom ga-
mocdileba, romlis Sesabamisad am xalxma unda icxovros da,
Tu sakuTriv vityviT, SeuZlia icxovros, _ dasrulebulia.
misi mizani imaze daiyvaneba, rom rac SeiZleba didi da sruli
mosavali aiRos eqsperimentisa da uaryofiTi gamocdilebis
droidan. Sesabamisad, upirveles yovlisa, axla unda Seve-
winaaRmdegoT Semdgom eqsperimentebs, Rirebulebebis ar-
amdgrad mdgomareobas, Rirebulebebis usasrulo kvlevas,
arCevasa da kritikas. am yvelafers ormag kedels upirisp-
ireben: pirvel rigSi, esaa gamocxadeba, anu mtkiceba, rom
im kanonTa suliskveTeba ar aris adamianuri warmomavlobis,
rom is ar aris xangrZlivi Ziebis Sedegi, rasac Secdomebi
axlavs Tan, aramed RvTiuri warmomavlobisaa. is ubralod
gacxadebuli iqna ukve srulyofili formiT, istoriis ga-
100
reSe, rogorc ZRveni, rogorc saswauli... meorec, tradicia,
anu mtkiceba, rom kanoni uZvelesi droidan arsebobda, rom
amaSi eWvis Setana iqneboda uwmindureba da danaSauli wina-
prebTan mimarTebiT. kanonis avtoriteti Tezisebs eyrdnoba:
RmerTma es gviboZa, winaprebma ase icxovres. _ aseTi proce-
sis uzenaesi sazrisi mdgomareobs cnobierebis nabij-nabij
daSorebaSi cxovrebisgan, romelic marTebulad iTvleba (anu
uzarmazari da natifad gacrili gamocdilebiT dadasture-
bulad), raTa amgvarad instinqtTa sruli avtomatizmi iqnas
miRweuli. esaa cxovrebis xelovnebaSi yvela saxis ostatobis,
yvela saxis srulyofilebis winapiroba. kanonTa wignis Seqmna
manus nimuSis mixedviT niSnavs imis aRiarebas, rom xalxs mo-
mavalSi ufleba aqvs, gaxdes ostati, eziaros srulyofile-
bas, rom mas SeiZleba pretenzia hqondes cxovrebis umaRlesi
xelovnebis flobaze. amisTvis is gaucnobiereblad unda
Seiqmnas: esaa yvela wminda sicruis azri. _ kastebis wesri-
gi, uzenaesi gabatonebuli kanoni, aris mxolod da mxolod
bunebrivi wesrigis sanqcia, pirvelxarisxovani bunebrivi
kanoniereba, romelzec veranairi TviTneboba, verc erTi
„Tanamedrove idea“ ver batonobs. yovel janmrTel sazoga-
doebaSi vxvdebiT erTmaneTis ganmapirobebel, gansxvavebuli
mizidulobis centrebis mqone sam fiziologiur tips, ro-
melTagan TiToeuls sakuTari higiena, Sromis sakuTari sfe-
ro, srulyofilebisa da ostatobis gansakuTrebuli gancda
aqvs. buneba da ara manu ganacalkevebs erTmaneTisgan upira-
tesad sulierebis mqone adamianebs, upiratesad kunTebiTa da
temperamentiT Zlierebs, da imaT, romlebic arc suliere-
biT gamoirCevian da arc ZaliTa da temperamentiT, anu saSu-
aloebs. es ukanasknelni umravlesobas warmoadgenen, pirveli
orni ki _ rCeulebs. umaRlesi kasta, _ me maT mcirericxovan-
Ta kastas vuwodeb, _ romelic srulyofilia, flobs, aseve,
mcirericxovanTaTvis damaxasiaTebel privilegias. es niSnavs,
iyo bednierebis, mSvenierebisa da sikeTis miwieri warmomad-
geneli. mxolod sulierad gansakuTrebulad dajildoebul
adamianebs aqvT silamazis, mSvenierebis ufleba; mxolod maT-
101
Tan ar aris sikeTe sisuste. Pulchrum est paucorum hominum:76
sikeTe upiratesobaa, privilegiaa. samagierod, maT araferi
ar ekrZalebaT ise, rogorc cudi manerebi, an pesimisturi
mzera, Tvali, romelic irgvliv yvelafers urigo Seferil-
obiT xedavs, an sulac aRSfoTeba samyaros mTliani suraTis
gamo. aRSfoTeba, iseve rogorc pesimizmi, Candalas privile-
giaa. „samyaro srulyofilia“ _ ase ambobs umaRlesi suliere-
bis mqoneTa instinqti, „ho“-s mTqmeli instinqti. „arasruly-
ofileba, yvelaferi, rac Cvens qvemoT imyofeba, distancia,
distanciis paTosi, Tavad Candala, _ yvelaferi am sruly-
ofilebas ekuTvnis“. umaRlesi sulierebis mqoneni, rogorc
yvelaze Zlierebi, sakuTar bednierebas iq pouloben, sadac
sxvebi daiRupebodnen: labirinTSi, sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis
mimarT sisastikeSi, ZiebaSi. maTi siamovneba _ TviTiZulebaa;
maTTvis asketizmi bunebad, moTxovnilebad, instinqtad iqce-
va. rTuli amocana maT privilegiad miaCniaT; TamaSi simZimee-
biT, romlebmac SesaZloa sxvebi gasrisos, _ maTi dasvenebaa...
Semecneba asketizmis erT-erTi formaa. _ aseTi saxis adamiani
yvelaze metad imsaxurebs pativiscemas. es ar gamoricxavs,
rom isini yvelaze mxiaruli da gulRia adamianebi arian. isi-
ni im mizeziT rodi batonoben, rom ase surT, aramed imitom,
rom arseboben; maTTvis ar uboZebiaT meore adgilze yofnis
Tavisufleba. meoreni _ es kanonis damcvelebia, wesrigisa da
usafrTxoebis meurveebi. es keTilSobili meomrebia, upirve-
les yovlisa ki mefe, rogorc meomris, msajulisa da kanonis
damcvelis umaRlesi formula. meoreni _ esaa umaRlesi su-
lierebis mqoneTa aRmasruleblebi, maTi uaxloesi garemoc-
va, is, rac mTel uxeSobas iRebs mbrZaneblobaSi, maTi amala,
maTi marjvena xeli, maTi saukeTeso mowafeebi. _ vimeoreb, aq
arsad gvxvdeba raime TviTneboba, raime „Sekowiwebul-SeTiTx-
nili“. yvelaferi, rac ase ar aris, Sekowiwebul-SeTiTxnilia,
iq buneba lafdasxmulia... kastaTa wesi, ierarqia mxolod Ta-
vad cxovrebis uzenaes kanons ayalibebs. sam tipad dayofa
aucilebelia sazogadoebis SesanarCuneblad, imisTvis, rom
SesaZlebeli gaxdes maRali da umaRlesi tipebis arseboba.
102
uflebaTa uTanasworoba aris upirvelesi winapiroba imisa,
rom uflebebi saerTod arsebobdes. _ ufleba privilegiaa.
TiToeulis upiratesoba misi yofis TaviseburebebSia. sa-
Tanadod unda SevafasoT saSualoTa upiratesobebic. rac
ufro maRla miviwevT, cxovrebac ufro da ufro mkacri
xdeba: matulobs sicive, izrdeba pasuxismgebloba. maRali
kultura piramidaa: is mxolod farTo saZirkvelze SeiZleba
idges, mas winapirobis saxiT, upirveles yovlisa, Zlierad
da janmrTelad SekavSirebuli saSualoni hyavs. xeloba, vaW-
roba, miwaTmoqmedeba, mecniereba, xelovnebaTa didi nawili,
erTi sityviT, yvelaferi, rac specialuri aqtivobis cne-
baSi moiazreba, mxolod SesaZleblobebisa da survilebis
saSualoobasTanaa TanxmobaSi. aseTi ram ar gvxvdeba gamon-
aklisebs Soris. saSualoobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli instinq-
ti Tanabrad dapirispirebuli iqneboda, rogorc aristokra-
tizmTan, aseve, anarqizmTan. imisTvis, rom sazogadoebrivi
sargebloba mogqondes, warmoadgende borbals, funqcias,
amisTvis bunebrivi mowodebaa saWiro. ara sazogadoeba, ar-
amed bednierebis garkveuli saxeoba, romlis unari mxolod
umravlesobas gaaCnia, qmnis kidec maTgan gonier manqanebs.
saSualoTaTvis saSualoebad yofna bednierebaa. ostatoba,
specializeba erT rameSi _ es maTi bunebrivi instinqtia. me-
tad Rrma sulisTvis sruliad Seuferebeli iqneboda, saSu-
aloSi TavisTavad raime uaryofiTi ganeWvrita. saSualooba
upirvelesi aucileblobaa imisTvis, rom arsebobdes gamonak-
lisebi: swored is ganapirobebs maRal kulturas. Tu gamor-
Ceuli adamiani saSualos meti sifrTxiliT epyroba, vidre
sakuTar Tavsa da mis msgavsebs, es misi mxridan ara mxolod
Tavazianoba, aramed misi valdebulebaa... vin mZuls yvelaze
metad dRevandeli aramzadebidan? socialisti aramzadebi,
Candalas mociqulebi, romlebic Zirs uTxrian mSromelis in-
stinqts, siamovnebas, Tavisi patara cxovrebiT kmayofilebis
SegrZnebas; romlebic RvarZlianad aqceven mas, aswavlian Su-
risZiebas... usamarTloba arasodesaa moqceuli uTanasworo
uflebebSi. is moqceulia „Tanabar“ uflebebze pretenziaSi...
103
ra aris uvargisi? magram me es ukve vTqvi: yvelaferi, rac
saTaves sisustidan, RvarZlidan, Surismgeblobidan iRebs. _
anarqistsa da qristians saerTo warmomavloba aqvT...

58.

rasakvirvelia, arsebobs sxvaoba imaSi, Tu ra mizniT cruo-

ben: imisTvis, rom SeinarCunon, Tu imisTvis, rom gaanad-
guron. qristiani da anarqisti Tamamad SegviZlia, erTmaneTs
gavuigivoT. maTi mizani, maTi instinqti ganadgurebiskenaa
mimarTuli. am Sexedulebis sabuTi SegviZlia istoriaSi amo-
vikiTxoT: is mas saSineli sicxadiT warmoadgens. Cven es-es-
aa gavecaniT religiur kanonmdeblobas, romlis mizani iyo
sazogadoebis diadi organizaciis, mCqefare cxovrebisaTvis
aucilebeli uzenaesi pirobis „ukvdavyofa“. qristianobam sa-
kuTari misia imaSi hpova, rom bolo moeRo aseTi sazogadoebi-
sTvis, radgan masSi cxovreba duRda da gadmoduRda. gonebas
iq unda gadaenaxa Semdgomi gamoyenebisTvis eqsperimentire-
bisa da gaurkvevlobis xangrZlivi periodis nayofebi. Sesa-
Zlebeli iqneboda umdidresi, yvelaze srulyofili mosavlis
aReba. aq ki piriqiT, mosavali erT RameSi iqna gaoxrebuli...
is, rac aere perennius-ad77 idga, anu imperium Romanum-i, or-
ganizebis yvelaze grandiozuli forma urTules pirobebSi,
romelic ki saerTod arsebula, romelTan SedarebiT manamde
da Semdeg miRweuli mxolod raRac Sekowiwebuli, uvargiso-
ba da diletantizmia, _ am yvelafridan wminda anarqistebma
Seqmnes „RvTismosaoba“, raTa gaenadgurebinaT „samyaro“ anu
imperium Romanum-i, ise, rom qva qvaze ar darCenila, vidre
Tavad germanelebi da sxva yeyeCebi ar iqcnen mis mbrZaneb-
lad... qristiani da anarqisti _ orive décadent-ia. arc erTs
ar SeuZlia gaxrwnis, moSxamvis, daCagvris, sisxlis gamowo-
vis gareSe moqmedeba. orive aris sasikvdilo instinqti yve-
104
lafris winaaRmdeg, rac amaRlebuli da diadia, rasac simt-
kice gaaCnia, rac cxovrebas momavals hpirdeba... qristianoba
imperium Romanum-is vampiri iyo. man erT RameSi daasamara
romaelTa uzarmazari saqme _ niadagi moemzadebina diadi
kulturisTvis, romelic dros saWiroebda. _ nuTu jer kidev
ver xvdebian amas? CvenTvis cnobili imperium Romanum-i, ro-
melsac yvelaze safuZvlianad romis provinciebis istoriidan
vecnobiT, es amaRlebuli stilis umSvenieresi mxatvruli
nawarmoebi, mxolod dasawyisi iyo. misi nageboba aTaswleuleb-
ze iyo gaTvlili, _ araTu manamde arasodes augiaT ase, arc
ki uocnebiaT, rom eSenebinaT aseTnairad sub specie aeterni!78
es organizacia sakmarisad myari iyo, raTa uvargisi impera-
torebisTvis gaeZlo. pirovnebaTa SemTxveviTobas aseT saqme-
Si mniSvneloba ar unda hqondes _ es yoveli diadi arqiteq-
turis pirveli principia. magram is ver gaumagrda gaxrwnis
yvelaze gamanadgurebel saxeobas _ qristianebs... es Cumi Wia
wyvdiadSi, nislsa da gaurkvevlobaSi SeiWra yovel calkeul
pirovnebaSi da TiToeuls amoswova seriozuli damokidebule-
ba WeSmaritebisadmi, zogadad realobis instinqti. es mxda-
li, feministuri da daTafluli banda nabij-nabij aSorebda
„sulebs“ grandiozul mSeneblobas, saqmes aSorebda im maRali
Rirebulebis mqone, im mamac da keTilSobil naturebs, rom-
lebic romis saqmes sakuTar saqmed aRiqvamdnen, sakuTar seri-
ozulobad, sakuTar siamayed. farisevelTa gaiZveroba, faru-
li Sekrebebi, iseTi pirquSi cnebebi, rogoricaa jojoxeTi,
udanaSaulos msxverplad Sewirva, unio mystica79 sisxlis smis-
as, upirveles yovlisa ki SurisZiebis, _ Candalas SurisZiebis,
_ TandaTan gaRvivebuli cecxli: ai, ra iqca romis mbrZaneb-
lad, religiis is saxeoba, romlis Canasaxovan formasac jer
kidev epikurem gamoucxada brZola. waikiTxeT lukreciusi,
raTa gaigoT, ras ebrZoda epikure: ara warmarTobas, aramed
„qristianobas“, ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, sulebis gaxrwnas,
codvis, sasjelisa da ukvdavebis cnebebis meSveobiT. _ igi
ebrZoda miwisqveSa kultebs, mTel farul qristianobas. uk-
vdavebis uaryofa ukve maSin iyo WeSmariti gaTavisufleba.

105
_ da epikurem gaimarjva, pativiscemis Rirsi yvela pirovneba
romis imperiaSi epikureli iyo. magram gamoCnda pavle... pav-
le, romelic romis, „amqveyniuris“ winaaRmdeg Candalas risx-
vis geniad da xorcad iqca, iudeveli, maradiuli iudeveli
par excellence... igi mixvda, rom mcire qristianul-seqtantu-
ri moZraobis meSveobiT SesaZlebeli iyo iudaizmis gverdiT
„msoflio xanZris“ danTeba, rom „jvarze gakruli RmerTis“
simbolos meSveobiT SesaZlebeli iyo imperiaSi yvela miwaze
mxoxavisa da farulad meamboxis, anarqistuli maqinaciebis
mTeli memkvidreobis saSineli Zalauflebis qveS gaerTianeba.
„xsna iudevelTagan modis“. _ qristianoba, rogorc formu-
la, raTa gadalaxuli da Sejamebuli iqnas yvela miwisqveSa
kulti, magaliTad osirisis, diadi dedis, miTrasi, _ am migne-
baSi mdgomareobs pavles genia. am mimarTebiT misi instinqti
imdenad Seucdomeli iyo, rom igi umowyalod Zaladobda WeS-
maritebaze da im Sexedulebebs, romlebiTac Candalas reli-
giebi xalxs izidavdnen, sakuTari gamogonebis _ „mxsnelis“ _
bageebSi (da ara mxolod bageebSi) aTavsebda. amiT man misgan
raRac iseTi Seqmna, rac miTras qurumisTvisac gasagebi iyo...
swored es iyo damaskoSi momxdari gasxivosneba: igi mixvda, rom
aucilebelia ukvdavebis rwmena, raTa gaufasurdes „amqveyni-
uri“; rom „jojoxeTis“ cneba Tavad romze gagabatonebs; rom
„imqveyniuri“ sicocxles klavs... nihilisti da qristiani: es
iriTmeba da ara mxolod iriTmeba...80

59.

antikuri samyaros mTeli Sroma fuWia: sityvebi ar myofnis

am saSinelebis gamosaxatavad. _ xolo Tuki imas gaviTvalis-
winebT, rom es mxolod winaswari samuSao iyo, rom misi utexi
TviTSemecnebiT aTaswleulTa Sromis saZirkveli iyo Cayri-
li, _ antikuri samyaros mTeli sazrisi fuWad warmodgeba! ra

106
saWiro iyvnen berZnebi? romaelebi? _ iq ukve arsebobda yve-
la winapiroba mecnieruli kulturisTvis da yvela mecnieru-
li meTodi, mtkiced iyo damkvidrebuli marTebulad kiTxvis
Seudarebeli xelovneba, rac kulturis tradiciis, mecnier-
ebis erTianobis winapirobaa. bunebismetyveleba, maTematika-
sa da meqanikasTan kavSirSi, saukeTeso gzaze idga. faqtebis
gagebas, yvela gagebaTagan ukanasknelsa da yvelaze faseuls,
ukve ramdenime aswleulis tradicia hqonda! gesmiT es? yve-
laferi arsebiTi ukve napovni iyo, raTa samuSao daewyoT.
aTjer da kidev ufro metjer unda iTqvas, rom meTodebi,
_ esaa yvelaze arsebiTi, amasTanave ki yvelaze rTuli, ra-
sac yvelaze bejiTad ewinaaRmdegeba Cveva da sizarmace. yvela
uvargisi qristianuli instinqti jer kidev gamjdaria CvenSi
da ukiduresi TviTiZuleba iyo saWiro, raTa mogvepovebina
realobis Tavisufali xedva, windaxeduleba moqmedebebSi,
moTmineba da seriozuloba yvelaze mcireSi, Semecnebis mTe-
li patiosneba. da es yvelaferi ukve iq iyo ori aTas welze
meti xniT adre! am yvelafers natifi taqti da gemovneba dau-
mateT! ara rogorc gonebis wvrTna! ara rogorc „germanu-
li“ ganaTleba misi vulgaruli manerebiT! aramed, rogorc
sxeuli, rogorc Jestikulacia, rogorc instinqti, _ erTi
sityviT, rogorc realoba!.. sul fuWad! sul raRac erTi
Ramis ganmavlobaSi es yvelaferi mogonebad iqca! _ berZnebi!
romaelebi! instinqtis keTilSobileba, gemovneba, meToduri
kvleva, organizebisa da marTvis genia, rwmena, neba adamianTa
momavlisTvis, diadi damkvidreba yvelafrisa, ramac imperium
Romanum-Si Seisxa xorci da yvelasaTvis gacxadda; maRali
stili, romelic ara mxolod xelovnebad iqca, aramed re-
alobad, WeSmaritebad, cxovrebad... _ da es yvelaferi erT
RameSi rodi dangreula bunebrivi katastrofis Sedegad! ger-
manelebis, an sxva sqelkanianebis mier rodi gaTelila fex-
qveS! ara, yvelaferi Sebilwulia cbieri, maluli, uxilavi da
sisxlnakluli vampirebis mier! maT ki ar gaimarjves, aramed
sisxli amowoves!.. faruli RvarZli da patara Suri gabatond-
nen! erTbaSad amaRlda yovelive ususuri, sakuTari Tavisgan

107
tanjuli, uvargisi grZnobebiT moculi, sulis mTeli geto!
sakmarisia gaecnoT romelime qristian agitators, magaliT-
ad wminda avgustines, raTa mixvdeT, raTa ynosviT SeigrZnoT,
ra usufTao arsebebi amotivtivdnen maSin zedapirze. didad
Secdeboda is, vinc qristianuli moZraobis beladebSi gonebis
naklebobas ivaraudebda. ah, eklesiis es mama-batonebi gonier-
ebi arian, gonierebi siwmindemde! Tumca, isini sruliad sxva
rames moisakliseben. bunebam isini ugulvebelyo: mas daaviwy-
da maTTvis patiosani, rigiani, sufTa instinqtebis mziTevi
eboZebina... Cvens Soris darCes da eseni mamakacebic ki ar ar-
ian... Tuki islams sZuls qristianoba, is aTasgzis marTalia:
islamis winapiroba mamakacia...

60.

qristianobam antikuri kulturis mosavali wagvarTva,

mogvianebiT man islamis kulturis mosavalic wagvarTva. es-
paneTis gasaocari mavritanuli kulturis samyaro, arsebiT-
ad ufro metad axlobeli CvenTvis, metad Sesabamisi Cveni
gemovnebisa da grZnobebisTvis, vidre romi da saberZneTi,
gaTelil iqna (_ ar vityvi, ra fexebiT). ratom? imitom, rom
is Tavis warmoSobas keTilSobil mamakacur instinqtebs unda
umadlodes, imitom rom is cxovrebas ganamtkicebda mavri-
tanuli cxovrebis iSviaTi da daxvewili ZvirfaseulobebiT!..
jvarosnebi mogvianebiT ebrZodnen imas, ris winaSec maT mt-
verSi muxlmodreka ufro mouxdebodaT, _ kulturas, ro-
melTan SedarebiT Cveni mecxramete saukunec metismetad
Raribs, metismetad „dagvianebuls“ warmoadgens. _ rasak-
virvelia, maT nadavli surdaT. aRmosavleTi mdidari iyo...
modiT, miukerZoeblebi viyoT! jvarosnuli laSqrobebi sxva
araferi iyo, Tu ara umaRlesi rangis mekobreoba! germanu-
108
li Tavadaznauroba, Tavis safuZvelSi _ vikinguri, amgvarad,
sakuTar stiqiaSi imyofeboda. eklesiam zedmiwevniT kargad
icoda, rogor moego germanuli Tavadaznaurobis guli...
germanuli Tavadaznauroba, _ mudmivad eklesiis „Sveicari-
uli armia“, _ yovelTvis eklesiis uvargis instinqtTa samsax-
urSi idgnen, magram kargi anazRaurebis sanacvlod... swored
eklesia eweoda samkvdro-sasicocxlo oms samyaroSi yovelive
keTilSobilTan germanuli maxvilis, germanuli sisxlisa da
mamacobis meSveobiT! aq Zalian bevri mtkivneuli kiTxvaa Tav-
moyrili! germanuli Tavadaznauroba TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba
umaRlesi kulturis istoriaSi. mizezi SegviZlia gamovicnoT:
qristianoba da alkoholi gaxrwnis ori diadi saSualebaa...
TavisTavad, ar unda arsebobdes arCevani islamsa da qristia-
nobas Soris iseve, rogorc arabsa da iudevels Soris. gad-
awyvetileba mocemulia, aravis aqvs arCevanis neba. an Candala
xar, an ar xar Candala... „samkvdro-sasicocxlo omi romTan!
mSvidoba da megobroba islamTan!“ _ ase grZnobda, ase moq-
medebda is Tavisufali suli, geniosi germanel imperatorTa
Soris, fridrix meore. rogor? nuTu imisTvis, rom wesieri
grZnobebi hqondes, germaneli jer geniosad, Tavisufal su-
lad unda iqces? _ CemTvis gaugebaria, rogor SeeZlo ger-
manels odesme qristianuli grZnobebi hqonoda...

61.

aq unda SevexoT mogonebebs, romlebic asjer ufro mtan-

jvelia germanelisTvis. germanelebma waarTves evropas
ukanaskneli diadi kulturuli mosavali, romlis aRebac
evropas SeeZlo, _ renesansis kultura. esmiT ki saerTod,
surT ki imis gageba, Tu ra iyo renesansi? qristianul faseu-
lobaTa gadafaseba; sapirispiro faseulobebis, keTilSobi-

109
li faseulobebis gamarjvebis mcdeloba yvela saSualebisa
da instinqtis, mTeli geniis meSveobiT... dRemde mxolod es
diadi omi arsebobda, aqamde arasodes dauyenebiaT sakiTxi
ise gadamwyvetad, rogorc es renesansma ganaxorciela. Cemi
SekiTxva renesansis SekiTxvaa. garda amisa, arasodes ganux-
orcielebiaT ieriSi ufro meti safuZvlianobiTa da pirdap-
irobiT, ufro mZlavrad mTel frontze da pirdapir centr-
Si! dartyma gadamwyvet adgilas, qristianobis SuagulSi da
iq keTilSobili faseulobebis damkvidreba, ufro sworad,
maTi Canergva iq taxtze msxdomTa instinqtebSi, maT siRrm-
iseul moTxovnilebebsa da survilebSi... me vWvret sruli-
ad aramiwieri xiblisa da ferTa mSvenierebis SesaZleblobas:
mgonia, rom is natifi silamazis mTeli TrTolviT brwyinavs,
rom xelovneba masSi ise RvTiurad moqmedebs, imdenad jojox-
eTurad RvTiurad, rom fuWad SevecdebodiT aTaswleulebis
ganmavlobaSi meore aseTi SesaZleblobis moZiebas; me vxedav
sanaxaobas, imdenad savses azriT da imavdroulad imdenad
paradoqsuls, rom olimpos yvela RvTaebas eqneboda masSi uk-
vdavi sicilis sababi, _ Cezare borjia81 rogorc papi... esmiT
ki Cemi?.. es iqneboda gamarjveba, romelsac dRes mxolod me
veswrafvi. amiT qristianoba aRgvili iqneboda pirisagan mi-
wisa! _ magram, ra moxda? germaneli beri luTeri mivida rom-
Si. es beri, Seumdgari mRvdlis yvela RvarZliani instinqtiT,
romSi renesansis winaaRmdeg aRSfoTda... nacvlad imisa, rom
Rrma madlierebiT Seegno is saocreba, rac moxda, _ qris-
tianobis gadalaxva missave samyofelSi, _ igi am sanaxaobiT
mxolod sakuTar siZulvils kvebavda. religiuri adamiani
mxolod sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb fiqrobs. _ luTeri xedav-
da papobis gaxrwnas, rodesac sruliad sapirispiro ram iyo
sakmaod sagrZnobi: qristianoba rogorc Zveli gaxrwnileba,
rogorc peccatum originale82 papis taxtze ukve ar brZande-
boda! mis nacvlad iq iyo sicocxle! sicocxlis triumfi! di-
adi „ho“ yovelive amaRlebulis, mSvenieris, gabedulisadmi!..
da luTerma kvlav aRadgina eklesia: is Tavs daesxa mas...83
diadi amaoeba. oh, es germanelebi, ra Zvirad dagvijdnen isi-
110
ni! nebismieri „sifuWe“ yovelTvis germanelTa saqme iyo. _
reformacia, laibnici, kanti da egreT wodebuli germanuli
filosofia, gamaTavisuflebeli omebi,84 imperia _ gamudmebiT
amaoebad iqceva is, rac ukve iyo, rasac veRar davibrunebT...
vaRiareb, es germanelebi Cemi mtrebia. mZuls maTSi cnebisa
da Sefasebis yovelgvari saxis usufTaoba, simxdale yoveli
patiosani „ho“-sa da „ara“-s winaSe. TiTqmis aTasi wlis ganmav-
lobaSi maT yvelaferi aries da aburdes, rasac ki sakuTari
xelebiT miekarnen; maT namuszea yvelaferi sanaxevro da sami
mervedi, romliTac avadaa evropa; maT sindiszea, aseve, qris-
tianobis yvelaze usufTao, yvelaze ukurnebeli, yvelaze ur-
yevi saxeoba, romelic ki arsebobs, _ protestantizmi... Tuki
qristianobasTan saboloo gamklaveba ver moxerxdeba, amaSi
damnaSave germanelebi iqnebian...

62.

amiT me vasruleb da ganaCens vacxadeb. me msjavrs vdeb

qristianobas, qristianul eklesias yvelaze saSinel brals
vuyeneb, romelic ki odesme warmouTqvams bralmdeblis bages.
CemTvis is aris udidesi gaxrwnileba, romlis moazreba saer-
Tod SesaZlebelia. mas gaaCnda neba ukiduresi gaxrwnilebisT-
vis. Tavisi sibilwiT qristianulma eklesiam araferi datova
xeluxleblad, man gaaufasura yvela Rirebuleba, man yvela
WeSmaritebidan sicrue Seqmna, patiosnebidan _ sulieri sim-
dable. bedaven da mis „humanur“ locva-kurTxevaze mesaubre-
bian! raime ubedurebis Tavidan acileba Rrma uTanxmoebaSi
iyo mis uSinaganes interesebTan: is cxovrobda ubedurebebiT,
is qmnida ubedurebebs, raTa sakuTari Tavi ukvdaveyo... mag-
aliTad, codvis Wia: eklesiam pirvelad am ubedurebiT gaam-
didra kacobrioba! _ „sulTa Tanasworoba RmerTis winaSe“,
111
esaa sicrue, mizezi yvela mdabalis rancunes-sTvis,85 esaa az-
ris feTqebadi nivTiereba, romelic sabolood revoluciad,
Tanamedrove idead da sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dakninebis
principad iqca. aseTia qristianuli dinamiti... qristiano-
bis „humanuri“ locva-kurTxeva! Humanitas-idan dapirispire-
bis, TviTSebRalvis xelovnebis, nebismier fasad sicruisadmi
nebis, yvela rigiani da wesieri instinqtisadmi zizRisa da
siZulvilis gamowvrTna! ai, ra aris, Cemi azriT, qristiano-
bis locva-kurTxeva! _ parazituloba, rogorc eklesiis er-
TaderTi praqtika, romelic mTel sisxls, mTel siyvaruls,
sicocxlis mTel imeds amowovs fermkrTali uZlurebisa da
„siwmindis“ idealiT; saiqio, rogorc neba yovelgvari real-
obis uaryofisTvis; jvari, rogorc simbolo yvelaze ufro
miwisqveSa SeTqmulebisa, romelic ki odesme arsebula da
romelic mimarTulia janmrTelobis, mSvenierebis, iRbliano-
bis, gambedaobis, sulis, sulieri sikeTis, Tavad cxovrebis
winaaRmdeg...

msurs, rom maradiuli braldeba qristianobis winaaRmdeg

davwero yvela kedelze, sadac ki isini arsebobs. me maqvs asoe-
bi, raTa usinaTlonic Tvalxilulebad vaqcio... qristianobas
vuwodeb erT diad wyevlas, erT diad Sinagan xrwnas, Suris-
gebis erT diad instinqts, romlisTvisac aranairi saSualeba
ar aris sakmarisad Sxamiani, mzakvruli, mdabali, sakmarisad
cota, _ me mas vuwodeb kacobriobis erT ukvdav da samarcx-
vino laqas...
xolo dros iTvlian im dies nefastus-idan,86 rodesac es
ubedureba daiwyo, qristianobis pirveli dRidan! _ da ratom
ara ukanasknelidan? _ dRevandelidan? _ yvela Rirebulebis
gadafaseba!

112
 kanoni qristianobis winaaRmdeg87

damtkicebulia xsnis dRes, pirveli wlis pirvel dRes

(_ 1888 wlis 30 seqtembers yalbi welTaRricxviT)

sasikvdilo omi mankierebis winaaRmdeg:

mankiereba qristianobaa

pirveli debuleba. _ yovelgvari saxis arabunebrioba mank-

ieria. yvelaze ufro mankieri adamiani mRvdelia. igi arabune-
briobas aswavlis. mRvdlebis winaaRmdeg saWiro araa mizeze-
bis moyvana, maT sapyrobile esaWiroebaT.

meore debuleba. _ RvTismsaxurebaSi nebismieri saxiT

monawileoba sazogadoebriv zneobaze Tavdasxmaa. protestan-
tebis mimarT ufro meti simkacrea saWiro, vidre kaTolikee-
bis mimarT, liberali protestantebis mimarT ufro metad,
vidre orTodoqsi protestantebis mimarT. damnaSaveobis
xarisxi qristianSi miT ufro izrdeba, rac ufro axlosaa is
mecnierebasTan. Sesabamisad, damnaSaveTa Soris damnaSave _ es
filosofosia.

mesame debuleba. _ dawyevlili adgili, sadac qristianobam

Tavisi basiliskos kvercxebi gamoCeka, unda aRigavos piris-
agan miwisa.88 rogorc dedamiwis bilwi adgili, is momavali
TaobebisTvis sazareli unda iyos. iq Sxamian gvelebs unda
amravlebdnen.

---------------------------
87. redaqtoris Targmani.
88. Sdr. esaia winaswarnetyveli. 59,5. _ redaqt, SeniSvna.

113
 meoTxe debuleba. _ ubiwoebis qadageba arabunebriobisad-
mi sajaro mowodebaa. yovelgvari zizRi sqesobrivi cxovre-
bis mimarT, cneba „usufTao“-s meSveobiT misi gauwmindurebis
yoveli mcdeloba, aris namdvili codva cxovrebis wminda su-
lis winaSe.

mexuTe debuleba. _ erT magidasTan mRvdelTan erTad Wama

TviTgariyvis tolfasia. amiT adamiani patiosani sazogadoe-
bidan sakuTar Tavs gankveTs. mRvdeli Cveni Candalaa. igi
kanongareSed unda gamocxaddes, igi unda aSimSilon, igi yve-
la saxis udabnoSi unda ganidevnos.

meeqvse debuleba. _ „wminda“ istorias is saxeli unda daer-

qvas, rasac is imsaxurebs: wyeuli istoria. sityvebi „RmerTi“,
„mxsneli“, „macxovari“, „wmindani“ salanZRav sityvebad, damna-
Savis damRad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.

meSvide debuleba. _ danarCeni zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare-

obs.

antiqriste

114
 SeniSvnebi

1. hiperboreelebi _ Soreul CrdiloeTSi mcxovrebi miTiu-

ri xalxi, romelic bednierad da uzrunvelad cxovrobda. _
redaqt. SeniSvna.

2. pindare, „meaTe piTiuri oda“, 29-30. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

3. sifarTe, didsulovneba (fr.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

4. siroko _ cxeli da mSrali Zlieri qari, romelic af-

rikidan samxreT evropis mimarTulebiT uberavs. _ redaqt.
SeniSvna.

5. blez paskali (1623-1662 ww.) _ frangi maTematikosi da fi-

losofosi. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

6. Décadence (fr.) _ gadagvareba, dacema, daknineba. _ re-

daqt. SeniSvna.

7. Tavisebureba. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

8. ironiuli miniSneba im faqtze, rom nicSes orive babua

_ david ernst oeleri da fridrix avgust ludvig nicSe _
protestanti mRvdlebi iyvnen. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

9. Tavdapirveli codva (laT.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

10. tiubingenis sasuliero seminariaSi, romelic 1536 wels

daarsda, swavlobdnen hegeli, Selingi, hiolderlini, david
fridrix Strausi, eduard celeri da sxv. _ mTargmn. SeniS-
vna.

11. moloqi _ qanaanelTa RvTaeba, romelsac, bibliuri wy-

aroebis Tanaxmad, bavSvebs swiravdnen msxverplad. _ redaqt.
SeniSvna.
117
 12. Sdr. I. Кant, Der Streit der Fakultäten, in: I. Kant, Gesammelte
Schriften, hg. von der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wis-
senschaften. 1. Abtheilung: Werke, 9 Bde., Berlin/Leipzig, 1902-
1923, Bd. 8, gv. 88. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

13. Candala _ mosaxleobis udablesi kasta indoeTSi. nicSe

am termins l. Jakolios mier 1876 wels gamocemuli „manus
kanonebis“ Targmanis meSveobiT gaecno. termini „Candala“,
aseve, gvxvdeba, „kerpebis mwuxrSic“. ix. f. nicSe, „kerpebis
mwuxri, anu rogor filosofosoben CaquCiT“, Targmna g.
TavaZem, Tbilisi: „nekeri“, 2018 w, gv. 76 da Smd. _ redaqt.
SeniSvna.

14. Machina (laT.) meqanizmi, manqana. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

15. vneba, ltolva (fr.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

16. iozef-ernest renani (1823-1892 ww.) _ frangi filosofo-

si da religiis mkvlevari. gaxmaurebuli naSromis _ „iesos
cxovreba“ (1863 w.) _ avtori. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

17. umeteswilad, sityvis sakuTrivi mniSvnelobiT (frang.) _

redaqt. SeniSvna.

18. Souterrain _ miwisqveSeTi (fr.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

19. spinozas TvalsazrisiT (laT.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

20. nivTi TavisTavad _ kantis filosofiis erT-erTi cen-

traluri cneba. TavisTavadi nivTebi, kantis Tanaxmad, Cveni
grZnobadi intuiciis miRma arseboben. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

21. SemoqmedebiTi suli (laT.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

22. ukiduresoba da maqsimumi (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

23. boRma, brazi, mtroba (frang.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

24. garyvnileba (fr.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

118
25. igulisxmeba berZnuli miTi pandoras Sesaxeb. miTis Ta-
naxmad, pandora iyo pirveli qali, romelic hefestom, zev-
sis brZanebiT, miwisgan Seqmna. zevss adamianTa dasja surda
imis gamo, rom promeTem maT olimpodan moparuli cecxlis
gamoyeneba aswavla. promeTem gaafrTxila Tavisi Zma, epi-
meTe, ar mieRo raime saxis ZRveni zevsisgan. Tumca, epimeTe
win ver aRudga pandoras mSvenierebas, romelmac, epimeTes
saxlSi misvlisTanave, Tavi moxsna WurWels (da ara skivrs),
saidanac yvela saxis ubedureba amofrinda da dedamiwaze
gavrcelda. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

26. amis iqiT araferia (laT). _ gadmocemis Tanaxmad, gibral-

taris sruteSi, herakles svetebze es sityvebi iyo amotvi-
fruli. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

27. nicSes wyaro israelis istoriis Sesaxeb: J. Wellhausen,

Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels. Berlin, 1883. mis biblioTeka-
Si SemorCenili egzemplari SeniSvnebiTa da xazgasmebiTaa
aWrelebuli. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

28. istoriul sakiTxebSi (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

29. hieratuli _ is, rac mRvdlebs, qurumebs ukavSirdeba.

berZnulad hiereus „qurums“, „mRvdels“ niSnavs. _ redaqt.
SeniSvna.

30. narCeni (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

31. fsiqologiur sakiTxebSi (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

32. luk. 17, 21. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

33. damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

34. ironiis diadi ostati (fr.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

35. igulisxmeba organizmSi gamomuSavebuli siTxe. _ redaqt.

SeniSvna.

36. maxvilgoniereba (frang.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

119
 37. Zlevamosili (fr.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

38. Sdr. J. Wellhausen, Reste des arabischen Heidentums. Berlin,

1887. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

39. amfitrioni _ berZnul miTologiaSi zevsma amfitrio-

nis saxe miiRo imisaTvis, raTa misi meuRle Seecdina. nicSe
aq qaragmulad exmianeba im garemoebas, rom iosebi, mariam
RvTismSoblis meuRle, qristianuli gadmocemis Tanaxmad,
ver iqneboda misi mama. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

40. romis imperiis (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

41. miniSneba bismarkze. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

42. miniSneba imperator vilhelm II-ze. sityva „ymawvili“ pir-

vel or gamocemaSi gamotovebuli iyo, rogorc metismetad
gamWvirvale miniSneba. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

43. igulisxmeba RmerTi dioniso berZnuli miTologiidan. _

mTargmn. SeniSvna.

44. ironiuli miniSneba darvinis Teoriaze. _ redaqt. SeniS-

vna.

45. naZirala (fr.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

46. I korinT. 15:14. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

47. originalSia: Dysangelist. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

48. sisulele (frang.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

49. ukanaskneli argumenti. gadamwyveti saSualeba (laT.) _

mTargmn. SeniSvna.

50. nicSe aq, didi albaTobiT, sakuTar Tavs gulisxmobs. _

redaqt. SeniSvna.

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51. nicSe aq sqesobrivi TavSekavebis moTxovnaze mianiSnebs.
_ redaqt. SeniSvna.

52. miniSneba maxarebelTa tradiciul gamosaxvaze (maTe _

adamiani, luka _ kravi, markozi _ lomi, ioane _ arwivi). _
mTargmn. SeniSvna.
nicSe aq parodirebs uiliam Seqspiris „zafxulis Ramis
sizmarze“ (V, 1), sadac gvxvdeba: Well roar’d, Lion („kargi
Rrialia, lomo“). _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

53. gaius petroniusi (gard. ax. w. 66 w.) _ romaeli didebuli,

roman „satirikonis“ savaraudo avtori. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

54. RmerTi, rogoric is pavlem Seqmna, RmerTis uaryofaa

(laT.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

55. praqtikaSi (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

56. nicSe gulisxmobs Semdeg monakveTs Zveli aRTqmidan:

dab. 2,5 _ dab. 3,24. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

57. Sdr. mark. 16,16. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

58. RvTis udidesi pativisaTvis (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

59. aRzrda, gawvrTna (ingl.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

60. maniakalur-depresiuli fsiqozi (fr.) _ mTargmn. SeniS-

vna.

61. igulisxmeba romis imperia. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

62. boRma (frang.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

63. (1 kor. 1:27-28) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

64. am niSniT (laT.). gadmocemis Tanaxmad, imperatorma kon-

stantinem brZolis win sizmrad ixila jvari warweriT In hoc
signo vinces („am niSniT gaimarjveb“). _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

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 65. siamaye (laT.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

66. TavSekaveba (berZn.). antikur tradiciaSi skeptikosebs

efeqtikosebsac uwodebdnen. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

67. ironiuli parafrazi volteris gamoTqmisa: „RmerTi rom

ar arsebuliyo, saWiro iqneboda misi gamogoneba“. _ mTargmn.
SeniSvna.

68. „ase ambobda zaratustra“, 2, mRvdlebis Sesaxeb. _ re-

daqt. SeniSvna.

69. Sotlandieli mwerlisa da istorikosis _ Tomas karlai-

lis (1795-1881 ww.) _ Sexedulebebis mimarT nicSe uaryofiT-
ad iyo ganwyobili. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

70. „adamianuri, erTob adamianuri“, I, 483. damowmebuli

gverdi nicSes xelnawerSi gvxvdeba. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

71. Sarl andlerma aRniSna am neologizmis (alkaloid-

Ta qimiis modelis mixedviT) nasesxoba paul de lagardis-
gan („ein judainfreies Judentum als Religion“). SeadareT nicSes
analogiur neologizmebs: „moralinsa“ da „nihilins“. _
mTargmn. SeniSvna.

72. 1 kor. 7:2 da Smd. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

73. ubiwo Casaxva (laT.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

74. nicSe citirebas axdens Semdegi gamocemis mixedviT:

L. Jacolliot, Les legislateurs religieux. Manou _ Moise _ Mahomet,
Paris, 1876, gv. 225-227. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

75. danaSaulis adgilze, samxiliT (laT) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

76. mSveniereba mciredTa kuTvnilebaa (laT.). Sdr. horaciu-

si, „satirebi“ I 9, 44. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

77. brinjaoze umtkicesi (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

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78. maradisobis perspeqtividan (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

79. saidumlo erTianoba (laT.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

80. germanulad: Nihilist und Christ. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

81. Cezare borjia (1475-1507 ww.) _ italieli didebuli,

romis papis aleqsandre VI vaJi. ibrZoda italiaSi sakuTari
samTavros Sesaqmnelad. Cezare borjias figura STagonebis
wyaro gaxda nikolo makiavelisTvis. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

82. Tavdapirveli codva (laT.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

83. es ki uSualo kavSirSia i. burkhardtTan: „SegviZlia sru-

li damajereblobiT ganvacxadoT, rom papoba moraluri
TvalsazrisiT gadarCenil iqna misi mosisxle mtris mier [...].
reformaciis gareSe [...] mTeli eklesiuri saxelmwifo, ro-
gorc Cans, ukve didi xnis gadasuli iqneboda saero mmarT-
velobis xelSi.“ ix. J. Burckhardt, Die Kultur der Renaissance in
Italien. Bd 1. Leipzig, 1944. gv. 177. _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

84. napoleonis safrangeTis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli koalicia

(prusiis samefo, ruseTis imperia, avstriis imperia, gaer-
Tianebuli samefo, SvedeTis samefo, espaneTi da sxv.), rom-
lebmac germania gaaTavisufles. _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

85. boRma (frang.) _ redaqt. SeniSvna.

86. sabediswero dRe (laT.) _ mTargmn. SeniSvna.

123
 gamomcemloba aqtis wignebi

1. fridrix nicSe _ antiqriste

2. fridrix nicSe _ tragediis dabadeba musikis sulidan

3. karl iaspersi _ nicSe da qristianoba

4. karl iaspersi _ filosofiis Sesavali

5. edmund huserli _ amsterdamuli moxsenebebi.

6. sioren kirkegori _ satanjvelis saxareba

7. zigmund froidi _ sami narkvevi seqsualobis Teori-

idan
8. zigmund froidi _ masebis fsiqologia da egos analizi

9. lev Sestovi _ usafuZvlobis apoTeozi

10. lev Sestovi _ Semoqmedi da damangreveli smayaro

11. migel de unamuno _ qristianobis agonia

12. nikolai berdiaevi _ yofiereba, Tavisufleba, RmerTi

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