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    Programmable Logic Controllers: May 19 Presentation Title

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    chafic WEISS
    The document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes PLCs as specialized computers used to control machines and industrial processes. The key components of a PLC include a power supply, central processing unit (CPU), and input/output modules. The CPU executes ladder logic programs to monitor sensor inputs and control outputs like motors and valves based on the program. PLCs offer advantages like ease of programming, flexibility to change processes, and reliable operation in industrial environments.

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    Programmable Logic Controllers: May 19 Presentation Title

    Uploaded by

    chafic WEISS
    62 views27 pages
    The document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes PLCs as specialized computers used to control machines and industrial processes. The key components of a PLC include a power supply, central processing unit (CPU), and input/output modules. The CPU executes ladder logic programs to monitor sensor inputs and control outputs like motors and valves based on the program. PLCs offer advantages like ease of programming, flexibility to change processes, and reliable operation in industrial environments.

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    PLC123

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    The document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes PLCs as specialized computers used to control machines and industrial processes. The key components of a PLC include a power supply, central processing unit (CPU), and input/output modules. The CPU executes ladder logic programs to monitor sensor inputs and control outputs like motors and valves based on the program. PLCs offer advantages like ease of programming, flexibility to change processes, and reliable operation in industrial environments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    62 views27 pages

    Programmable Logic Controllers: May 19 Presentation Title

    Uploaded by

    chafic WEISS
    The document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It describes PLCs as specialized computers used to control machines and industrial processes. The key components of a PLC include a power supply, central processing unit (CPU), and input/output modules. The CPU executes ladder logic programs to monitor sensor inputs and control outputs like motors and valves based on the program. PLCs offer advantages like ease of programming, flexibility to change processes, and reliable operation in industrial environments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    Control system

    PLC
    Programmable logic controllers

    Presentation title May 19


    Aim

    • Become familiar with PLC


    • Understand its components, functions, operation
    and features .

    Presentation title May 19


    Objectives
    1. Definition
    2. Purpose of PLC.
    3. How PLCs Work?
    4. What is the consist of?
    5. Programming a PLC.
    6. Application.
    7. PLC advantages.

    Presentation title May 19


    Definition
    • A PLC is a Programmable Logic controller.
    • A programmable control system with functions
    to control logic.
    • Sequencing, timing, arithmetic data manipulation
    and counting capabilities.

    Presentation title May 19


    Purpose of plc
    The purpose of a plc program is to control the state
    of plc outputs based on the current condition of plc
    inputs .

    Presentation title May 19


    How PLCs Work ?
     A programmable logic controller is a specialized computer
     Used to control machines and processes.
     It therefore shares common terms with typical PCs like
    central processing unit, memory, software and
    communications.
     Unlike a personal computer though the PLC is designed to
    survive in a rugged industrial environments.
     Flexible in how it interfaces with inputs and outputs to the
    real world.

    Presentation title May 19


    What is the consists ?
    •The components that make a
    PLC work can be divided into
    three core areas.
    1-The power supply and rack
    2-The central processing unit
    (CPU)
    3-The input/output (I/O) section

    Presentation title May 19


    •PLCs come in many shapes and sizes.
    •They can be so small as to fit in your shirt pocket while more
    involved controls systems require large PLC racks.
    •Smaller PLCs typically designed with fixed I/O points.
    •For our consideration, we’ll look at the more modular rack
    based systems.
    •It’s called “modular” because the rack can accept many
    different types of I/O modules that simply slide into the rack
    and plug.

    Presentation title May 19


    1- Power Supply Rack
    •So let’s start off by removing all our modules which leaves us
    with a naked PLC with only the power supply and the rack.
    •The rack is the component that holds
    everything together. Depending on the
    needs of the control system it can be
    ordered in different sizes to hold more
    modules. Like a human spine the rack
    has a backplate at the rear which
    allows the cards to communicate with
    the CPU. The power supply plugs into
    the rack as well and supplies a
    regulated DC power to other modules
    that plug into the rack. The most
    popular power supplies work with 120
    VAC or 24 VDC sources.
    Presentation title May 19
    2-CPU
    The brain of the PLC is the CPU module. This
    module typically lives in the slot beside the power supply.
     Manufacturers offer different types of CPUs based on the
    complexity needed for the system.
    The CPU consists of a microprocessor, memory chip and
    other integrated circuits to control logic, monitoring and
    communications.
    The CPU has different operating modes In programming
    mode it accepts the downloaded logic from a PC.
    The CPU is then placed in run mode so that it can execute
    the program and operate the process.
    Presentation title May 19
    Since a PLC is a dedicated controller it will only process
    this one program over and over again
     One cycle through the program is called a
    scan time and involves:
     reading the inputs from the other modules,
     executing the logic based on these inputs
     updated the outputs accordingly.
    The scan time happens very quickly (in the
    range of 1/1000th of a second).
    The memory in the CPU stores the program
    while also holding the status of the I/O and
    providing a means to store values.

    Presentation title May 19


    3- I/O System
    The I/O system provides the physical connection between the
    equipment and the PLC. Opening the doors on an I/O card
    reveals a terminal strip where the devices connect .

    Presentation title May 19


    •There are many different
    kinds of I/O cards which
    serve to condition the type
    of input or output so the
    CPU can use it for it’s
    logic. It's simply a matter
    of determining what inputs
    and outputs are needed,
    filling the rack with the
    appropriate cards and then
    addressing them correctly
    in the CPUs program.

    Presentation title May 19


    Inputs
    •Input devices can consist of digital or analog devices.
    •A digital input card handles discrete devices which give a
    signal that is either on or off such as a pushbutton, limit
    switch, sensors or selector switches.
    •An analog input card converts a voltage or current (e.g. a
    signal that can be anywhere from 4 to 20mA) into a digitally
    equivalent number that can be understood by the CPU.
    •Examples of analog devices are pressure transducers, flow
    meters and thermocouples for temperature readings

    Presentation title May 19


    What are inputs
    • Switches and Pushbuttons
    • Sensing Devices
    • Limit Switches
    • Photoelectric Sensors
    • Proximity Sensors
    • Condition Sensors
    • Pressure Switches +transmitter PT
    • Level Switches + LT
    • Temperature Switches + TT
    • Vacuum Switches
    • Flow Switches + FT
    • Encoders
    Presentation title May 19
    Outputs

    •Output devices can also consist of digital or analog types.


    •A digital output card either turns a device on or off such as
    lights, LEDs, small motors, and relays.
    •An analog output card will convert a digital number sent by
    the CPU to it’s real world voltage or current.
    •Typical outputs signals can range from 0-10 VDC or 4-20mA
    and are used to drive mass flow controllers, pressure
    regulators and position controls.

    Presentation title May 19


    What are outputs
    •• Valves
    •• Motor Starters
    •• Solenoids
    •• Actuators
    •• Control Relays
    •• Horns & Alarms
    •• Stack Lights
    •• Fans
    •• Counter/Totalizer
    •• Pumps
    •• Printers

    Presentation title May 19


    Programming a PLC
    •In these times a PC with specific software from the PLC
    manufacturer is used to program a PLC.
    •The most widely used form of programming is called ladder
    logic.
    •Ladder logic uses symbols, instead of words, to emulate the
    real world relay logic control, which is a relic from the PLC's
    history.
    These symbols are interconnected by lines to indicate the
    flow of current through relay like contacts and coils.

    Presentation title May 19


    Over the years the number of symbols has increased to
    provide a high level of functionality.
    The completed program looks like a ladder but a actually it
    represents an electrical circuit.
    There are other forms of programming :
    Control Control
    Voltage Voltage
    Source Return

    Start Dryer STOP Dryer

    Dryer Time Delay

    Time Delay STOP Unload Conveyor

    Unld. Conv.

    Presentation title May 19


    function bloke Ladder diagram

    Presentation title May 19


    Instruction list Structured list
    Presentation title May 19
    Applications
    performs relay equivalent functions
    designed for industrial environment
    Performs on/off control

    Presentation title May 19


    PLC advantages

    Ease of programming.
    Quick installation.
    Easier to fault/find and maintain
    Ability to expand and change.
    Better reliability.
    Cost effective in most applications.

    Presentation title May 19


    Flash card
    1-What is a PLC ?
    •Programmable logic controller

    2-What is the purpose of PLC ?


    •The purpose of a plc program is to control the state of plc
    outputs based on the current condition of plc inputs .

    3-Named the main components of a PLC


    1-power supply 2- (CPU) 3-The input/output (I/O) section

    Presentation title May 19


    4-The most common power supply is 220 VAC or 12VDC
    sources. True or false
    False
    110 AC or 24DC
    5-The CPU in programming mode can execute the program
    and operate the process.true or false
    False operate mode

    6-What are the steps of one cycle (scan time)?

    1-check input status


    2-excute program
    3-update output status.

    Presentation title May 19


    7-What is the purpose of I/O system ?
    •The I/O system provides the physical connection between
    the equipment and the PLC

    8-The transmitter are devices connect to the input channels .


    True or false true
    9-Named three form of programming PLC
    •Ladder logic - diagram logic – function block

    10-What are the basic advantages of PLC


    - Ease of programming - Quick installation.
    - Easier to fault/find and maintain - cost cheaper
    - Ability to expand and change - Better reliability.

    Presentation title May 19


    THE END

    Presentation title May 19

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