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    Lomio, Allyssa Marie B Sir Caezar Franz Ruiz BIO1203 / Section 6 Zoology Lecture Assessment #3

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    Wenjun Herminado
    (1) The document summarizes the evolution of horses over time, from Hyracotherium to Equus. It describes how horses have changed, with leg length increasing and digits becoming reduced. (2) It addresses case study questions about adaptations of early horses to forest environments, how vegetation changes influenced leg shape, reasons for tooth enamel and shape changes, and how environmental changes could impact horse predators. (3) The document analyzes horse evolution through the fossil record and ecological factors like climate and habitat that drove changes in horse anatomy and interactions with predators over millions of years.

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    Lomio, Allyssa Marie B Sir Caezar Franz Ruiz BIO1203 / Section 6 Zoology Lecture Assessment #3

    Uploaded by

    Wenjun Herminado
    293 views3 pages
    (1) The document summarizes the evolution of horses over time, from Hyracotherium to Equus. It describes how horses have changed, with leg length increasing and digits becoming reduced. (2) It addresses case study questions about adaptations of early horses to forest environments, how vegetation changes influenced leg shape, reasons for tooth enamel and shape changes, and how environmental changes could impact horse predators. (3) The document analyzes horse evolution through the fossil record and ecological factors like climate and habitat that drove changes in horse anatomy and interactions with predators over millions of years.

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    ZOOLOGY-ASSESSMENT-3

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    (1) The document summarizes the evolution of horses over time, from Hyracotherium to Equus. It describes how horses have changed, with leg length increasing and digits becoming reduced. (2) It addresses case study questions about adaptations of early horses to forest environments, how vegetation changes influenced leg shape, reasons for tooth enamel and shape changes, and how environmental changes could impact horse predators. (3) The document analyzes horse evolution through the fossil record and ecological factors like climate and habitat that drove changes in horse anatomy and interactions with predators over millions of years.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    293 views3 pages

    Lomio, Allyssa Marie B Sir Caezar Franz Ruiz BIO1203 / Section 6 Zoology Lecture Assessment #3

    Uploaded by

    Wenjun Herminado
    (1) The document summarizes the evolution of horses over time, from Hyracotherium to Equus. It describes how horses have changed, with leg length increasing and digits becoming reduced. (2) It addresses case study questions about adaptations of early horses to forest environments, how vegetation changes influenced leg shape, reasons for tooth enamel and shape changes, and how environmental changes could impact horse predators. (3) The document analyzes horse evolution through the fossil record and ecological factors like climate and habitat that drove changes in horse anatomy and interactions with predators over millions of years.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Lomio, Allyssa Marie B Sir Caezar Franz Ruiz

    BIO1203 / Section 6 Zoology Lecture Assessment #3

    Evolution of the Horse

    a) Draw a graph showing changes in the height of the horse over time.

    (b) Describe changes in leg length and the width of the digits.

     While years are passing, the legs are keeping on growing long. It is noticeable
    that the equus have the longest length of leg, while Hyracotherium have the
    shortest length. This means that the horses are evolving throughout the years.

    (c) Do horses have thumbs and fingers?

     Hyracotherium or also known as Eohippus, based on their recovered fossils they


    have four-fingered toes on the limb in from and three fingered toes on the back
    part of the limb. On the other hand the Equus they have a single to on each of
    their limbs but they do have vestigial
    Case Study Application Questions

    1. Hyracotherium lived in a dense forest area dominated by a rich undergrowth of


    ferns. What do you think the advantages of small body stature might be in this
    type of environment?

     Although the Hyracotherium is considered having a small size compare to the


    other forms of horses throughout the years. They have their advantages, even if
    they’re inhabitants in the forest they can easily adapt as they can run faster to
    easily escape from predators and they can also hide in the grassland.

    2. A change in vegetation to grasslands brought about changes in the shape of


    the horse’s leg. What changes in vegetation could have caused the evolution of
    the horse?

     According to Molenz the horse evolution is said to be driven by the hot and cold
    climate. Horses before lived in muggy forest that Is full of plants that is plenty
    with foliage. Their toes spread out as it stretched because of the different angle
    which make them sink in the muddy ground. As the hot climate occurs, foliage
    plants also vanished and massive tall grass formed. Molenz also added that
    there is no evidence for the change in tooth structure, but some authors
    suggested that tooth structure transformation was due to the horses eating grass
    and foliage.

    3. The teeth of the browsers, such as Mesohippus, were covered with a thick layer
    of enamel. The teeth of the modern-day horse, by comparison, have less enamel
    and appear to be much wider and flatter. Provide reasons for some of the
    changes in teeth.

     Mesohippus teeth change due the changes the way they eat that suits to easily
    grind the grasses. Tooth structure also change depending on what they eat. The
    teeth on eating grass is said to have an open root wherein nutrients are supplied
    so teeth are growing throughout the years
    4. Why would changes in the environment have caused changes in the horses’
    predators?

     According to Smee (2010) environmental conditions have direct influence


    predator’s ability to hunt and detect their prey. In short, their sensor ability
    changes as a respond to environmental changes, it negatively affect them
    because environmental changes limit their ability to consume prey which might
    result to starving or even death

    References

    Jouba, M. (2013). Evolution of the horse 2 – Development of its

    legs. https://www.minnano-jouba.com/mame_chishiki11_en.html

    Molen, M. (2009). -32601 -. Creation | Creation Ministries

    International. https://creation.com/the-evolution-of-the-horse

    Smee, D. L. (2010). https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/environmental-

    context-influences-the-outcomes-of-predator-13240808/

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