Weather Is The State of The

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Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is

hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.[1] On Earth, most weather
phenomena occur in the lowest level of the planet's atmosphere, the troposphere,[2][3] just
below the stratosphere. Weather refers to day-to-day temperature
and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the averaging of atmospheric
conditions over longer periods of time.[4] When used without qualification, "weather" is
generally understood to mean the weather of Earth.
Weather is driven by air pressure, temperature, and moisture differences between one
place and another. These differences can occur due to the Sun's angle at any particular
spot, which varies with latitude. The strong temperature contrast between polar and
tropical air gives rise to the largest scale atmospheric circulations: the Hadley cell,
the Ferrel cell, the polar cell, and the jet stream. Weather systems in the middle latitudes,
such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet streamflow. Because
Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane (called the ecliptic), sunlight is incident
at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually
range ±40 °C (−40 °F to 100 °F) annually. Over thousands of years, changes in
Earth's orbit can affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by Earth,
thus influencing long-term climate and global climate change.
Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are
cooler than lower altitudes, as most atmospheric heating is due to contact with the
Earth's surface while radiative losses to space are mostly constant. Weather
forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of
the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. Earth's weather system is
a chaotic system; as a result, small changes to one part of the system can grow to have
large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have
occurred throughout history, and there is evidence that human activities such as
agriculture and industry have modified weather patterns.
Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how
weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red
Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, the
weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to
space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System.
The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind.

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