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    Chapter 14

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    Shin Melody
    The document discusses various topics related to organizing and manipulating data in databases, including normalization, levels of normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF), validating data, tools of a database management system (DBMS), extracting data using data manipulation languages (DMLs), schemas, subschemas, creating select queries, action queries, guidelines for queries, and object-oriented databases, multimedia databases, and data warehouses.

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    Chapter 14

    Uploaded by

    Shin Melody
    53 views3 pages
    The document discusses various topics related to organizing and manipulating data in databases, including normalization, levels of normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF), validating data, tools of a database management system (DBMS), extracting data using data manipulation languages (DMLs), schemas, subschemas, creating select queries, action queries, guidelines for queries, and object-oriented databases, multimedia databases, and data warehouses.

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    CHAPTER 14

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    The document discusses various topics related to organizing and manipulating data in databases, including normalization, levels of normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF), validating data, tools of a database management system (DBMS), extracting data using data manipulation languages (DMLs), schemas, subschemas, creating select queries, action queries, guidelines for queries, and object-oriented databases, multimedia databases, and data warehouses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    53 views3 pages

    Chapter 14

    Uploaded by

    Shin Melody
    The document discusses various topics related to organizing and manipulating data in databases, including normalization, levels of normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF), validating data, tools of a database management system (DBMS), extracting data using data manipulation languages (DMLs), schemas, subschemas, creating select queries, action queries, guidelines for queries, and object-oriented databases, multimedia databases, and data warehouses.

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    CHAPTER 14

    Organizing and Manipulating the Data in Databases

    Normalization
    The process of examining and arranging file data in a way that helps avoid problems when
    organizations use or modify them later.

    Levels of Normalization
    1. First Normal Form (1NF) - all the record’s attributes are well defined, and the
    information can thus be stored as a flat file.
    2. Second Normal Form (2NF) - it is in first normal form and all the data items in each
    record depend on the record’s primary record key.
    3. Third Normal Form (3NF) - It is second normal form and contains no transitive
    dependencies.

    Validating the Data in Databases


    Database Management System (DBMS)
    A separate software system that enables users to create database records, delete records, access
    specific informations, and reorganize records as needed.
    A set of separate computer programs that enables users to create, modify, and utilize database
    information efficiently, thus allowing businesses to separate their database system operations
    from their account ting system applications.

    Data Validation
    The Data Definition Language (DDL) of a DBMS enables its users to define the record
    structure of any particular database table.

    Tools of a Typical DBMS


    1. Proper Data Types of Fields
    2. Input Masks
    3. Default Values
    4. Validation Rules
    5. Referential Integrity
    Extracting Data from Databases: Data Manipulation Languages (DMLs)
    Schema
    Totality of the information in a database and the relationships of its tables.

    Subschema
     View in database parlance.
     Dictate what data each user needs.
     Protect sensitive data from unauthorized access.

    Some Ways of Creating Subschemas


    Creating Select Queries - queries allow database developers to create customized subschemas.
    One Table Select Queries - creates a dynaset of database information:
    * criteria that determines which records to include
    * criteria that determine which data fields to include from those records.

    How to Create Single-table and Multi-table Select Queries


    1. Single Criterion
    2. Multiple Criteria

    Creating Action Queries


    1. Update Queries
    2. Append Queries
    3. Delete Queries
    4. Make-table Queries
    5. Find-duplicates Queries
    6. Find-unmatched Queries
    7. Crosstab Queries

    Guidelines for Creating Queries


    1. Spell accurately and be sensitive to capitalization.
    2. Specify AND and OR operations correctly.
    3. Tables must be joined properly.
    4. Name queries systematically.
    5. Choose data fields selectively.

    Object-Oriented Databases, Multimedia Databases, and Data Warehouses

    Object-Oriented and Multimedia Databases


    A database that contains both the text data of traditional databases and information about
    the set of actions that can be taken on these data fields.

    Data Warehouses
    Characteristics:
    Free errors
    Defined uniformly
    Span a longer time horizon than the company’s transaction systems.
    Optimized data relationships that allow users to answer complex questions.

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