LS4 Lect - 2 2011
LS4 Lect - 2 2011
LS4 Lect - 2 2011
1!
Male! I!
Unknown Sex!
II!
Individual with a trait! 1 2 3 4 5!
III! 2!
Heterozygous!
Deceased!
Consanguineous!
4! Number of children ! mating!
of indicated sex! Carrier (heterozygous)!
Pedigree of a rare
recessive phenotype. !
A is dominant allele.!
a is recessive allele.!
a is rare.!
Cystic Fibrosis!
If they have one child, what is the probability that the child will have cystic
fibrosis?!
A.! 2/3 x 2/3 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/18!
B.! 1/2 x 2/3 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/24!
C.! 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/32!
D.! 2/3 x 2/3 x 2/3 x 1/4 = 2/27!
E.! None of above.!
?!
Pedigree Analysis in Humans!
Cystic fibrosis is a rare recessive disorder. Jack whose brother has the disease
marries Jill whose aunt has the disease. !
c) If their first and second child has cystic fibrosis, what is the probability
that their third child will have cystic fibrosis?!
d) If their first child has cystic fibrosis, what is the probability that of their
next three children, two will be carriers and the other affected?!
?!
Extension on Mendel!
Incomplete Dominance!
Incomplete (or
partial) dominance:
Phenotype of
heterozygous hybrid
is intermediate
between
homozygous parents.
Extension on Mendel: Incomplete Dominance!
A
A
A
a
a
a
Extension on Mendel: Co-Dominant Alleles!
phenotypes of both alleles are observed
in the heterozygotes
~ Complete dominance!
~ Codominance!
~ Incomplete dominance!
Extension on Mendel: Multiple Alleles!
Multiple alleles!
Coat color in guinea pigs!
CC = black ! ! !Ccd = black!
k k
c c = sepia ! ! !ckca = sepia!
cdcd = cream! ! !!
caca = albino!
?!
What are the possible phenotypes of the
child?!
Clicker Q 14: ABO Blood Group!
Multiple alleles and Incomplete Dominance!
ABO Blood Group!
Phenotype !Genotype!
O ! !ii!
A ! !IAIA or IAi!
B ! !IBIB or IBi!
AB ! !IAIB!
There are 4 children who have the following blood types; A, B, O, AB!
These children belong to 4 sets of parents who are AB x O; A x O; A x AB and O x O.!
As best as you can, match up the children with their parents.!
F1 ! purple!
F2 !9 purple : 7 white!
These genes have complementary action. !
Complementation: 2 or more genes necessary to give a function.
If they complement they are different genes. If they fail to
complement they are the same gene.!
The complementation test.!
If two mutants
complement, they
are in different
genes.!
F1 agouti!
! !all round!
15 round : 1 narrow!
!Y/y x Y/y!
!2 yellow : 1 normal (expect 3:1)!
backcross yellow and they look like heterozygote.!
Look at pregnant females and find 1/4 embryos are dead.!
Y is dominant for yellow hair color!
Y is a recessive lethal (Y/Y individuals die).!