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    Tuto 5

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    fatin harris
    The equivalence point refers to the point at which the chemical reaction between the analyte and titrant ends, while the endpoint refers to the point at which a color change occurs in the indicator. The equivalence point does not always correspond to a color change, while the endpoint always indicates a color change but not necessarily the completion of the reaction. A direct titration involves a single stage where the titrant is added to the analyte until the equivalence point is reached. A back titration involves two stages where an excess of one reagent is used to react with the analyte, and the remaining excess is then titrated with a second reagent.

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    Tuto 5

    Uploaded by

    fatin harris
    32 views6 pages
    The equivalence point refers to the point at which the chemical reaction between the analyte and titrant ends, while the endpoint refers to the point at which a color change occurs in the indicator. The equivalence point does not always correspond to a color change, while the endpoint always indicates a color change but not necessarily the completion of the reaction. A direct titration involves a single stage where the titrant is added to the analyte until the equivalence point is reached. A back titration involves two stages where an excess of one reagent is used to react with the analyte, and the remaining excess is then titrated with a second reagent.

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    tuto 5

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    The equivalence point refers to the point at which the chemical reaction between the analyte and titrant ends, while the endpoint refers to the point at which a color change occurs in the indicator. The equivalence point does not always correspond to a color change, while the endpoint always indicates a color change but not necessarily the completion of the reaction. A direct titration involves a single stage where the titrant is added to the analyte until the equivalence point is reached. A back titration involves two stages where an excess of one reagent is used to react with the analyte, and the remaining excess is then titrated with a second reagent.

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    32 views6 pages

    Tuto 5

    Uploaded by

    fatin harris
    The equivalence point refers to the point at which the chemical reaction between the analyte and titrant ends, while the endpoint refers to the point at which a color change occurs in the indicator. The equivalence point does not always correspond to a color change, while the endpoint always indicates a color change but not necessarily the completion of the reaction. A direct titration involves a single stage where the titrant is added to the analyte until the equivalence point is reached. A back titration involves two stages where an excess of one reagent is used to react with the analyte, and the remaining excess is then titrated with a second reagent.

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    of 6

    3) Distinguish between: 

    a) The equivalence point and the end point of titration. 

    The Equivalence Point 

    • Equivalence Point is the actual point where the chemical reaction in the titration mixture ends. 

    • Gives the point where the unknown analyte has completely reacted with the titrant. 

    • Not always indicated by the color change of the reaction mixture. 

    • Gives the point where the reaction ends. 

    The End Point Of Titration 

    • Endpoint of a titration is the point where a color change occurs. 

    • Does not always give the point where the unknown analyte has completely reacted with the titrant. 

    • Always indicated by the color change of the reaction mixture. 

    • Does not always give the point where the reaction ends. 

    Direct Titration

    • A direct addition of standard titrant to the analyte in the presence of acid base indicator till the reaction is
    complete and reaching the equivalent point 

    • Involve a single stage titration. 

    • Number of moles of acid can be calculated if the molarity and volume of base is known. 

    Back Titration 

    • A titration where the concentration of an analyte is determined by reacting it with a known amount of
    excess reagent. The remaining excess reagent is then titrated with another second reagent 

    • Involves double stages titration. 

    • Number of moles of acid can be calculated using simple subtraction of the number of moles acid
    titrated from the number of moles of acid started with. 
    4. Na2CO3 +2HCl -> 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
    No of mole of Na2CO3
    = mass/molar mass
    =
    0.3250 g
    105.99 g/mol
    = 3.066 x 10 3̄ mol

    1 mol of Na2CO3 = 2 mol of HCl


    3.066 x 10 3 ̄ mol = 3.066 x 10 ̄3 mol x 2
    : 6.132 x 10 ̄3 mol
    Molarity of HCl
    =no of mole/volume,L
    =
    6.132 x 10 ^̄ 3 mol
    0.03037 L
    = 0.2019 M
    type of titration = direct titration strong acid with weak base

    6. NaOH + KHC8H4O4 -------- NaKC8H4O4 + H2O


    1 : 1

    no of mol NaOH = KHC8H4O4


    = 1.858g/ 204.22g/mol
    = 0.0091 mol

    volume of NaOH = 0.0091


    molarity of NaOH = 0.200 M

    V= 0.0091/0.200
    = 0.0455 L

    0.0455 X 1000 = 45.5 mL


    * the colour of the indicator changes colour from colorless to pink colour.

    8. For the titration of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH with sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

    a. Identify solution should be used as a titrant.


    Sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

    b. Suggest the pH at the equivalence point either as neutral, alkaline or acidic.


    The pH at the equivalence point is alkaline because the pH is higher than 7
    (usually around 8-9).

    c. Name the suitable indicator that can be used.


    Thymol blue or phenolphthalein.

    Q9.
    Q10
    Q. 15
    Suitable titrant = strong base , such as aqueos sodium hydroxide solution PH at equivalence point =
    greater than 7 Suitbale indicator = phenolphthalein or thymol blue

    Q16

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