Application of Derivatives in Biomathematics PDF

Application of Derivatives in Biomathematics
Biomathematics (also known as mathematical biology and by some of it subfields

including computational biology or systems biology) is an interdisciplinary field that
uses mathematical techniques and tools to model natural and biological processes.
Biomathematics has been used in areas such as cellular neurobiology, epidemic
modeling, and population genetics.
Derivatives are used in biomathematics for several different purposes and can be
used to find out the rate of muscle contraction, the rate of dissolution of drugs into
the bloodstream, and the growth of bacteria.
Applications of Derivatives
1. When a drug is administered to the body, it is dissolved into the bloodstream. The
rate at which this occurs is known as dissolution. By using this rate, differential
equations are used to relate the concentrations of drugs at different times. This
can be modeled using the Noyes-Whitney equation, which is as follows-
dW/dt is the rate of dissolution.
Solving
By using the Noyes-Whitney equation, the rate at which the drug
absorbs can be found as dW/dT. In many cases the rate of elimination of a drug can
be described as being dependent on or proportional to the amount of drug remaining
to be eliminated. Therefore dX/dt = -K * X,
-K would be the rate constant and X is the amount remaining to be eliminated, thus
making dX/dt the rate of elimination.

2. Population growth is another instance of the derivative used in the
biomathematics. Suppose n=f(t) is the number of individuals in some animal or
plant population at time t. the change in the population size between time t1 and
t2 ∆n=f(t2)-f(t1).
The average rate of growth is then is:
Average rate of growth is = (∆n/ ∆t)=(f(t2)-f(t1))/(t2-t1)
The instantaneous rate of growth is the derivative of the function n with respect to t,
i.e. growth rate=lim(∆t→0) (∆n/ ∆t)=(dn/dt)
The instantaneous rate of change does not make exact sense in the previous example
because the change in population is not exactly a continuous process. However, for
large population we can approximate the population function by a
smooth(continuous) curve.
Example: Suppose that a population of bacteria doubles its population , n, every
hour. Denote by n0 the initial population i.e. n(0)=n0. In general then, n(t)=2t no –
Thus the rate of growth of the population at time t is (dn/dt)=no2tln2
3. A tumor is an abnormal growth of cells that serves no purpose. There are certain
level of a tumor regarding to its malignancy. Larger tumors grow faster and
smaller tumors grow slower. The volume of a tumor is found by using the
exponential growth model which is 𝑉( 𝑡) = 𝑉𝑂 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
You must take the derivative of the volume equation (𝑉( 𝑡))
𝑉( 𝑡) = 𝑉𝑂 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
𝑉′ (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑂 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 ∙ 𝑑 𝑑𝑡
Because 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 is a complicated function, we use chain rule to derivate it.
From the calculation above, we know that the derivative of
𝑒 𝑘𝑡 is 𝑘 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 𝑉′( 𝑡) = 𝑉𝑂 ∙ 𝑘 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
Because 𝑉( 𝑡) it self is equal to 𝑉𝑂 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
we may concluded 𝑉′( 𝑡) = 𝑘 ∙ 𝑉 There is the example to prove this theory:
4. Larger Tumor Find the rate of change of a tumor when its initial volume is 10
cm³ with a growth constant of 0.075 over a time period of 7 years
𝑉( 𝑡) = 𝑉𝑂 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘𝑡
𝑉(5) = 10 ∙ 2.178(0.075)7
𝑉(7) = 15.05 𝑐𝑚3
𝑉′( 𝑡) = 𝑘 ∙ 𝑉
𝑉′( 𝑡) = 0.075 ∙ 15.05
𝑉′( 𝑡) = 1.13 𝑐𝑚³/years
Then let’s calculate the rate of change of smaller tumor with the same growth
constant and time period Smaller tumor
With this calculation we know how important it is to detect a tumor as soon as
possible. It is crucial to give a right treatment that will stop or slow down the growth
of the tumor because bigger tumor intend to grow faster and in some case becoming
a cancer that have a small chance to cured.
5. Blood Flow High blood pressure can affect the ability of the arteries to open and
close. If your blood pressure is too high, the muscles in the artery wall will
respond by pushing back harder. This will make them grow bigger, which makes
your artery walls thicker. In this case, we portrait the blood vessels a cylindrical
tube with radius and length L as illustrated below Because of the friction at the
walls of the vessel, the velocity of the blood is not the same in every point. The
velocity of the blood in the center of the vessel is faster than the flow of the blood
near the wall of the vessel. The velocity is decreases as the distance of radius
from the axis (center of the vessel) increases until v become 0 at the wall. The
relationship between velocity and radius is given by the law of laminar flow
discovered by the France Physician Jean-Louis-Marie Poiseuille in 1840. This
state that
To calculate the velocity gradient or the rate of change of the specific point in the
blood vessel we derivate the law of laminar flaw
𝑣 = 𝑃 4𝜂𝐿 (𝑅2 − 𝑟2 )
𝑣′ = 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡 [ 𝑃 4𝜂𝐿 (𝑅2 − 𝑟 𝟐 )] = 𝑃 4𝜂𝐿 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡 (𝑅2 − 𝑟 𝟐 )
𝑣′ = 𝑃 4𝜂𝐿 (0 − 2𝑟)
𝑣′ = −2𝑟𝑃 4𝜂𝐿

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Application of Derivatives in Biomathematics

Biomathematics (also known as mathematical biology and by some of it subfields

can be modeled using the Noyes-Whitney equation, which is as follows-

dW/dt is the rate of dissolution.

By using the Noyes-Whitney equation, the rate at which the drug

be described as being dependent on or proportional to the amount of drug remaining

to be eliminated. Therefore dX/dt = -K * X,

making dX/dt the rate of elimination.

biomathematics. Suppose n=f(t) is the number of individuals in some animal or

The average rate of growth is then is:

Average rate of growth is = (∆n/ ∆t)=(f(t2)-f(t1))/(t2-t1)

i.e. growth rate=lim(∆t→0) (∆n/ ∆t)=(dn/dt)

large population we can approximate the population function by a

Example: Suppose that a population of bacteria doubles its population , n, every

Thus the rate of growth of the population at time t is (dn/dt)=no2tln2

exponential growth model which is 𝑉( 𝑡) = 𝑉𝑂 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘𝑡

Because 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 is a complicated function, we use chain rule to derivate it.

From the calculation above, we know that the derivative of

Because 𝑉( 𝑡) it self is equal to 𝑉𝑂 ∙ 𝑒 𝑘𝑡

we may concluded 𝑉′( 𝑡) = 𝑘 ∙ 𝑉 There is the example to prove this theory:

cm³ with a growth constant of 0.075 over a time period of 7 years

𝑉(7) = 15.05 𝑐𝑚3

𝑉′( 𝑡) = 0.075 ∙ 15.05

𝑉′( 𝑡) = 1.13 𝑐𝑚³/years

constant and time period Smaller tumor

With this calculation we know how important it is to detect a tumor as soon as

a cancer that have a small chance to cured.

discovered by the France Physician Jean-Louis-Marie Poiseuille in 1840. This

blood vessel we derivate the law of laminar flaw

𝑣′ = 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡 [ 𝑃 4𝜂𝐿 (𝑅2 − 𝑟 𝟐 )] = 𝑃 4𝜂𝐿 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡 (𝑅2 − 𝑟 𝟐 )

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