Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources:
"Amelia Earhart." History.com. Ed. History.com History.com Editors. A&E Television
Networks, 09 Nov. 2009. Web. 24 Sept. 2020,
https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/amelia-earhart

Amelia Earheart being the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean in 1932. This helps
answer what historical events are going on during our event. This shows how women were
never meant to do any other job besides being a housewife, but Earhart changed that, like
how Monroe changed the way Hollywood assigns roles.

Bolton, Lucy. "The Secret Diary of Marilyn Monroe." Web. 10 Sept. 2020.,
https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20160601-the-secret-diary-of-marilyn-monroe

This question answers how her life is perceived to the public, and how she really feels in
her heart and in her mind. In Monroe’s diary she talks about how she doesn’t have faith
and how she hasn’t been enjoying herself as much as she wants to. This diary shook the
public when this was released. This shows how people didn’t even come to realize what
Marilyn was mentally going through and how her body image distracts everyone from who
she really is.

Brando, Marlon. "The Best Reappraisals Are Born in the Worst Crisis." Letters of Note. 19
July 2010. Web. 10 Sept. 2020., https://lettersofnote.com/2010/07/19/the-best-
reappraisals-are-born-in-the-worst-crisis/

This answers how it was perceived at the time. This letter from Brando to Marilyn who
was at the neurological psychiatrist. He knows that she is at a state of depression, trying to
help her out and calm her, he writes her a telegram. She was taking a lot of medication
because of what she had been sexualized as, and I think she was this big sex symbol
because of her childhood, what those men did to her at the foster home. She then died two
days later. It was something that want really a big deal to visit about to the eyes of Brando,
being perceived as unimportant.

Embla, Embla. "Vintage Photos of Marilyn Monroe at the Hollywood Bowl by Bernard of
Hollywood." 01 Jan. 2019. Web. 24 Sept. 2020.

This shows how location impacted the symbol of Monroe. In Hollywood, (LA) they
created an image of Marilyn as someone who uses their figure to intrigue her audience.
But, not only was Hollywood responsible for this, by Marilyn was as well! She used it to
her advantage!

Fingersh, Ed, EF. Ed Fingersh Marilyn Monroe 1955. 5 May 1955. Wikimedia Commons, the
 Free Media Repository.

Picture of Marilyn Monroe with two men looking at her body. This just shows how
society saw women at the time.

Howard, Jean, 1910-2000. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of

America<https://digitalcollections.uwyo.edu/luna/servlet/detail/uwydbuwy~69~69~1437~30066
9>.
Image of Marilyn Monroe.

Los Angeles Times, UCLA Public Library. Actress Marilyn Monroe with her attorney Jerry
Giesler at courthouse filling out paperwork for divorce from Joe DiMaggio. Los Angeles,
8Aug.2016,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marilyn_Monroe_and_Jerry_Giesler_pg.
Accessed 11 Sept. 2020.

This picture is what ultimately led to her death of heartbreak. After seeing his wife
portrayed for all of America in a way he didn’t like, Joe DiMaggio decided to divorce the
love of his life.

Margaritoff, Marco. "The Death Of Marilyn Monroe: Accident, Suicide, Or Murder?" 30 Aug.
2020. Web. 14 Sept. 2020., https://allthatsinteresting.com/marilyn-monroe-death

This source has images of the room where Marilyn died and here body in a roller. This
event’s long-term affect would be the death of Monroe at the age of 36 due to drug
overdose. The medications were taken, I believe, because of what men have done to her all
her life. Since she was a child she was assaulted until the day of her death.

Monroe, Marilyn. “Quote about her thoughts on becoming a sex symbol.” Wikiquote/Ms.
Magazine.August 1972. https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#:~:text=I'm
%20selfish%2C%20impatient%20and,deserve%20me%20at%20my%20best

This is a quote from Monroe describing how she hates being the sex symbol she is
known for. We can infer she doesn’t like being just that she wanted to be more than that.

Redman, Samuel, SR. "During World War II, Thousands of Women Chased Their Own
California Dream." Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Institution, 29 Nov. 2017. Web. 17
Sept. 2020. <https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/during-world-war-ii-thousands-
women-chased-their-own-california-dream-180967357/>.

This image shows women working while men were at the field during WW2. This shows
how men perceived women working at the time. They were threatened that they were
taking the jobs that had, so they made them go back to being housewives.
Rick Gladstone. Biker, Canton, China. Online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?
Aid=20268&itemid=WE53&iid=43572. Accessed 10 Sept. 2020.

This image answers the question, “What concrete changes did this event make at the
time”? After World War II, jeans became very popular. The movie “The Wild One” with
Marilyn Monroe promoted jeans. It wasn’t common to have that many women actresses
at the time. Before World War II, women's roles were to clean, cook, and look pretty for
their husbands. So, the fact that a woman was able to promote something that later was to
become a million-dollar business showed women that they were able to do other
occupations besides being a housewife. It allowed for other women to have more job
opportunities. It inspired many women.

Rothman, Lily. "Marilyn Monroe at 90: Her Forgotten Radical Politics." Time. Time, 01 June
2016. Web. 14 Sept. 2020. https://time.com/4346542/radical-politics-marilyn-monroe/ .

Monroe was in foster care for the first years of her life because she was born during the
Great Depression. As she went through foster families, she met one that she liked. She
lived in a mostly African American neighborhood, which created her view on race to
have equality.

Scott, A. O., & Dargis, M. (2020). We Still Like It Hot. We Still Like It Hot.
This article talks about how Hugh Hefner’s past influenced him launching Playboy with
Marilyn’s pictures. It gives a in depth timeline of Hugh Hefner’s life.

Shaw, Alan. "How Marilyn Monroe Won over the Haters with Her Acting Ability." The Sunday
Post. 30 May 2018. Web. 14 Sept. 2020. , https://www.sundaypost.com/fp/how-marilyn-
monroe-won-over-the-haters-with-her-acting-ability/

The image is answering the question why this event is important. This is a picture of
Marilyn Monroe going to New York to be taken seriously about her acting career. This
image is important because she changed the way women should be viewed in society.
Instead of being a housewife, Monroe lived out her dream of being an actress and didn’t
allow for male domination to get in the way.

Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. “Ideal Woman and Feminist Literature.” Encyclopedia of

Feminist Literature, Second Edition, Facts On File, 2013. American History,
online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=20268&itemid=WE52&articleId=42759. Accessed
2 Sept. 2020.

In Gloria Steinman's biography, a woman who later began the feminist movement, it
shows how men characterized Monroe as a sex doll who had no chance to discover her
worth in normal human relationships. Monroes lifestyle really did inspire Gloria
Steinman to stop these sexualizations of women in the film industry and just in general.
Tearful actress Marilyn Monroe w. her lawyer Jerry Giesler clutching her arm as she comes out
in front of home to face dozens of reporters after announcement of her divorce fr.
baseball great Joe DiMaggio., Beverly Hills, CA, US. Personal photograph by author.
Oct. 1954.

Image of Monroe with her lawyer when she just had gotten a divorce with Joe DiMaggio.
The divorce is the trigger to her eventually leading her to challenge one of the largest
production companies, fox, because they would only give women sex- type casting roles.

Secondary Sources:

Banner, Lois. “Monroe and Feminism” MissMillMag. 28, March 2014

https://missmillmag.com/marilyn-monroe-feminism-lois-banner-lady-lennia-
march/ Accessed 24, Sep. 2020

This article describes Monroe and Feminism. It specifically mentions how if Monroe was
alive during the feminist movement, she would have been one of the head leaders of it.

Act III Secondary Source:

Bertram, Colin. “Inside Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio's Roller Coaster Romance.”
Biography, 28 May 2020, www.Something to graphy.com/news/marilyn-monroe-joe-
dimaggio-relationship. Accessed 22, Sep. 2020
This article gives the insight into DiMaggio and Monroe’s realtionship. Something to note
is they both did truly love each no matter how toxic they both were to each other

Act III Secondary Source:

Callahan, Maureen. “Inside DiMaggio and Monroe’s Twisted Love.” NY Post, 18 June 2014,
nypost.com/2014/06/08/inside-the-twisted-love-affair-of-joe-dimaggio-marilyn-monroe/.
This article specifically mentions the rules DiMaggio made for Monroe and the way he
controlled her. This relationship really drove Marilyn into doing those things even more.

Act III Secondary Source:

Doll, Susan. "Marilyn Monroe's Later Career." HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, 29 Aug.

2007. Web. 08 Oct. 2020. https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/marilyn-monroe-later-
career6.htm

This source shows a short-term consequence that Monroe had to deal with when she decided to
create her own company, Marilyn Monroe Productions. Because Monroe decided to quit from
Fox, Fox decided to replace her with North. Fox released the following statement: "No one can
handle her. No one can give her advice. She has always decided everything for herself. We're
getting 200 letters a day demanding we get rid of her, but we have $2,000,000 tied up in this
picture. They created this terrible image of her because they believed if they can’t have her, no
one can.

Facts on File Ebooks ~ Sonneborn, Liz. American Women in the Performing Arts, Second
Edition. Facts On File, 2015, Infobase eBooks, ebooks.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?
wID=20268&ISBN=9781438150055, Accessed 1 Sept. 2020.

This section in the book talks about how Marilyn used her sexualization to her benefit. For
example, she convinced Fox to let her start her own production company, Marilyn Monroe
Productions, this at the time was probably a big deal because women weren’t really allowed
to do that kind of stuff. ~ short term change

Gates, Anita. “George Barris, Photographer Who Captured the Last Images of Marilyn Monroe,
Dies at 94.” New York Times, 8 Oct. 2016.

This is an article about George Barris, the photographer who captured Monroe’s final
images. This article talks about how during her final days Monroe called Barris asking him to
come visit her, but he couldn’t, (leading to her death.)

Getlen, Larry. Marilyn Monroe’s Father Destroyed Her Love Life, 11 Aug 2018,
nypost.com/2018/08/11/inside-marilyn-monroes-twisted-toxic-relationships/.

This article speaks of the abuse Monroe faced, how her rejection from her father, and her
possessive lovers made her into the person she was. It also talks about Monroe’s
relationship with the Kennedy’s and how that played a huge role in her death.

In All Forms, Evil Comes. "Too Long a Silence: Marilyn Monroe's History of Sexual Abuse."
30 Dec. 2014. Web. 10 Sept. 2020., https://ordinaryevil.wordpress.com/2010/01/31/too-
long-a-silence-marilyn-monroe’s-history-of-sexual-abuse/

This image answers the question, “what short term changes were made from the
communication or miscommunication”? In the article Marilyn if one of the first women
to openly discuss her childhood and how she was sexually abused. She was raised in a
foster home and men would sexually harass her. When she told somebody about it, they
laughed or ignored her. When she tried to get it out there through her bibliography, the
author found it “attention seeking”. She understood that many girls had gone through the
same thing she did, so she wanted to share her story by using the platform she had. Even
though this wasn’t taken that seriously, she still made an impact by showing women that
they must do something about this.

Lulu Garcia-Navarro. “Marilyn Monroe Helped Hugh Hefner, But Not By Choice.”Weekend
Edition Sunday (NPR), Oct. 2017. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=n5h&AN=6XN201710011208&site=ehost-live.
 This article describes how Hugh Hefner used Marilyn to launch his Playboy empire. He made
it so that she didn’t make a penny.

“The Decade of 1950-1959: Remarkable 20th Century.” Learn360, Films Media Group, 1999,
learn360.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=20268&xtid=77062. Accessed 1 Sept.
2020. ~ 3:35

This clip talks about how Marilyn’s sexualization started a sexual revolution for America
however at the same time a religious revolution was taking place too.

“100 Years, 100 Events: 1950's.” Learn360, Films Media Group, 2010,
learn360.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=20268&xtid=182273.Accessed 11
Sep.2020.

"Marilyn Monroe." Britannica School, Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Sep. 2018.

school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Marilyn-Monroe/53433. Accessed 1 Sep. 2020.

This article gives a basic timeline of Marilyn's life. Specifically, when certain things
happened to her and how it affected the next event of her life. For example, she was
“passed along” from 12 different adoptative families, never receiving any true and
genuine love, which led her to struggle with love as an adult.

“Ben Lyon, 78, Silent‐Screen Star Who Discovered’ Marilyn Monroe.” NY Times, 26 Mar. 1976,
www.nytimes.com/1979/03/26/archives/ben-lyon-78-silentscreen-star-who-discovered-
marilyn-monroe-jean.html. Accessed 9, Oct. 2020

This article describes Monroe’s relationship with Ben Lyon. Lyon is credited for
“discovering” Monroe, however after taking advantage of that to gain sexual relations with
Monroe, Monroe quit.

Jess. “Marilyn Was a Feminist: Why It’s Not OK to Hate on Other Women.” Peresphone
Magazine, 10 Oct. 2011, persephonemagazine.com/2011/10/marilyn-monroe-feminist-icon/.
Accessed 17 Sept. 2020.

This article contains a quote from Monroe last interview about how she wants all people to
come together. It also mentions how even though she didn’t make to see the women’s
rights movement she was the person who inspired other women to stop inequality.
July, Beandrea. “Film Studios Left Hollywood in the 1950s and Changed the Business Forever.”
Hyperallegric, 13 Aug. 2019, hyperallergic.com/513201/runaway-hollywood-ucla-film-
television-archive/. Accessed 18 Sep. 2020

This article describes how film studios changed Hollywood forever by leaving them to deal
with the new changes made World War I and the advancement of filmmaking. Some
changes that came out of this decision include color and more big budget films

Khan, Sal. The Growth of Suburbia. 2020, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-

history/postwarera/postwar-era/a/the-growth-of-suburbia. Accessed 18, Sep. 2020

This is article describes how cookie cutter houses played a major role in the growth of
suburbia. It specifically references Levvitown and its impact on future housing.

“Lyndon B. Johnson and Domestic Insurgencies.” A Companion to Lyndon B. Johnson, Wiley

Blackwell, 2012. American History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?
aid=20268&itemid=WE52&articleId=369626. Accessed 23 Sept. 2020.

This source helps answer how this event has inspired other events (the feminist
movement). This article talks about the feminist movement in the 1960’s, otherwise
known as the second wave of feminism. This talks about how women rallied up and
created protests to try and have equal rights as men.

MacLean, Eliza. "Why Women Went Home Again." US History Scene. 16 Apr. 2015. Web. 17
Sept. 2020. <https://ushistoryscene.com/article/feminine-mystique/>.

This answers who initially resisted these changes. During WW2 women began to work in
industries. When men came back, they pushed them back to their “roles” as housewives,
resisting the change of women working

“Marilyn Monroe." Biography.com. Ed. Biography .com. A&E Networks Television, 13 Aug.
2020. Web. 14 Sept. 2020., https://www.biography.com/actor/marilyn-monroe

Because of being sexualized and being known as America's sex symbol, Marilyn used that
platform to inspire other women to be able to work in the Hollywood industry. She was
considered oversized and made women feel that they didn’t have to change themselves to
be in the film industry.

Marilyn Monroe, Productions. "Marilyn Monroe Productions, Inc. Bank Statements, 1956." 01
May 2016. Web. 08 Oct. 2020. https://themarilynmonroecollection.com/marilyn-monroe-
productions-colonial-trust-company-bank-statements/
 This shows how the movement of women trying to get more meaningful and deeper roles
was perceived as threatening or unimportant. Monroe decided to create her own production
company because Hollywood wasn’t giving her the roles she wanted. She was single-
handily taking on the all-powerful studio system, outraging fox and later suing.

McDermott, Annette. "How World War II Empowered Women." 02 July 2018. Web. 17 Sept.
2020., https://www.history.com/news/how-world-war-ii-empowered-women

This website helps answer what short term changes for women came with the WWII.
When men left, women took their places and worked in factories and military industries,
but when WWII ended they went back to being housewives

O’Hara, “Helen. How Marilyn took on Hollywood – and won” Telegraph. 1, June22015
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/some-like-it-hot/marilyn-monroe-productions-studio/ Accessed
22, Sep. 2020

This article talks about Monroe’s battle with Fox and specifically give mention to the
legal process both parties had to endure before coming to a settlement.

Ott, Tim. "How Marilyn Monroe's Childhood Was Disrupted by Her Mother's Paranoid
Schizophrenia." Biography.com. A&E Networks Television, 16 Aug. 2019. Web. 10
Sept. 2020., https://www.biography.com/news/marilyn-monroe-mother-relationship

To answer what resources were needed to aid this event would be other women also
opening about their harassment stories when Monroe did. She was one of the first women
to do so her statement wouldn’t really matter if it was just her because it is just one of her.
If many women decided to do so, the event of abuse and sexual harassment would have
been taken more seriously.

Piercy, Deanna. “How Women in the 1950s Stayed Fit and Thin” Life with Dee. 8, March 2017
http://lifewithdee.com/how-women-in-the-1950s-stayed-fit-and-trim/

This article describes how women stayed fit in the 1950s. Specifically how they dieted and
did rigorous exercises to maintain their figure or to match the “ideal” figure. It is so crazy
to think that women started doing that so early on.
 Pedell, Avery Rose. "Body Positivity, Reclaiming Stereotypes, and Marilyn Monroe, Oh
My!" 05 Dec. 2016. Web. 17 Sept .2020
https://medium.com/@averyrosepedell/body-positivity-reclaiming-stereotypes-and-
marilyn-monroe-oh-my-92a6fd632915

She made visible changes in Hollywood by influencing women and the film industry that
they don’t have to be what Hollywood says that must look like. Monroe was considered
“oversized” so she inspired other women and gave them body confidence.

Prieto, Laura R. “American Women in the Post–World War II Economy.” American Women in
the Post?World War II Economy, Infobase, 2014. American History,
online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=20268&itemid=WE52&articleId=592609.
Accessed 23 Sept. 2020.

This article answers how women working at the time were perceived. There was a debate
whether the roles of working in factories are either a men's job or both women and men.
But after World War II, when the baby boom happened, this increased the idea of suburban
homes because men felt threatened and thought that being a women's role is a housewife.
So by Monroe working in the film industry, this changed how women were stereotyped.

The, Telegraph. "How Marilyn Took on Hollywood – and Won." The Telegraph. Telegraph
Media Group, 01 June 2015. Web. 08 Oct. 2020. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/some-
like-it-hot/marilyn-monroe-productions-studio/

This site answers what impact has this made today. She helped changed the way
Hollywood would choose roles for parts. She didn’t let anyone tell her what role she had to
play. Her breaking point was when they asked her to do the film Pink tights. When she
later created her production company, she had less movies, but they were better ones than
before.

Storyteller, D. Jean Harlow, The Actress Who Inspired Marilyn Monroe By Breaking Gender
Taboos. Cultura Colectiva. 2019, Aug. 30 https://culturacolectiva.com/movies/jean-
harlow-hollywood-diva-marilyn-monroe-inspiration. Accessed September 18, 2020

This is an article that talks about how Jean Harlow, inspired Monroe to be the actress she
was. Specifically, this article mentions how she wanted to play in the production of
Harlow.

Siegel, Barbara, and Scott Siegel. “Female Sex Symbols.” Encyclopedia of Hollywood, Second
Edition, Facts On File, 2004. American History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?
aid=20268&itemid=WE52&articleId=164425. Accessed 2 Sept. 2020.

There was a miscommunication the Monroe created but changed. She was the 1950’s sex
symbol and known to play these "dumb” blonde” roles. She changed this by creating
 other movies that had more plot driven roles and shifted the way production companies
casted women.

Weinraub, Bernard. “Dousing the Glow Of TV's First Family; Time for the Truth About Ozzie
and Harriet.” NY Times , 19 June 1958, www.nytimes.com/1998/06/18/arts/dousing-the-
glow-of-tv-s-first-family-time-for-the-truth-about-ozzie-and-harriet.html. Accessed 18 Sep.
2020

This article describes the impact Ozzie and Harriet made on the US. Ozzie and Harriet
became the US’ ideal couple making other couples want to achieve their status.

Winder, Elizabeth. “The Secret Career Genius of Marilyn Monroe” Marie Claire. 26, July 2017
https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/a28305/marilyn-monroe-career-woman/ Accessed 22,
Sep. 2020

This is an article that talks about Monroe’s life in the film industry. It specifically mentions
how being signed to one of the “Big Five” (MGM, Paramount, Warner Brothers, RKO, or, in
Monroe's case, Twentieth Century Fox) would give them total control over your life,
something that happened to Monroe.