Vol-3-Prt-1 Exhibit B04

GREAT MAN-MADE RIVER
WATER UTILISATION PROJECT
PHASE I
CENTRAL ZONE
REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL

NO. 3 1216-A-510-04-RP-CT-0001-02
PUMPSTATIONS AT SIRT END AND

SIRT 'B' RESERVOIRS
EXHIBIT "B-4" - STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR

EARTHWORKS
(Document Number : BRNA-SP-CS-006-03)
THE GENERAL AUTHORITY FOR THE WATER UTILISATION

OF THE GREAT MAN-MADE RIVER
GREAT SOCIALIST PEOPLE'S LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIFUYA
"!
SP3 12B-04
h
CORPORATE REFERENCE DOCUMENT
STANDARD SPECIFICATION
FOR
EARTHWORKS
Document Number : BRNA-SP-CS-006-03
I NOTE
This document contains proprietary information belonging to Brown & Root NA Ltd.
It may neither be wholly or partially reproduced without the prior written permission
of Brown & Root NA Ltd.
Users of this document must always consult the appointed Custodian for advice. The
Custodian should be notified of any errors, omissions and suggested improvements.
SP3 12B-04 iz 2 July, 01

1 .
! . Ail!
BROWN & ROOT NA LTD
INDEX SHEET FOR REVISIONS
DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR BRNA-SP-CS-006-03

EARTH WORKS
Page 1 of 26
REVISION HISTORY
-
REV DATE DESCRIPTIONlREASON BY CHK APPROVALS
NO FOR ISSUE
I
ENGR GEN MD
- MGR MGR
00 05/97 issued for IDC

I wo 1 FM I
OA 09/97 IDC comments incorporated
Issued to finalising Task Group
01 10197 Issued for Implementation

-
02 0410 1 Standards Updated
03 05/01 Minor Revisions on issue for DIS1 (lessons

- from Abu aisha)
Custodian
Name:
F. Mahbouby
1 1
Discipline:
Civiüstructural
Signature: Date:
BROWN & ROOT NA LTD
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR
EARTHWORKS
DOC NO . . . BRNA-SP-CS-006-03
PAGE 2 O F 29
TABLE O F CONTENTS
Page No .
INDEX SHEET FOR REVISIONS ....................................................................................... 1

TABLE O F CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ 2
.
10 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 3
2.0 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 3
3.0 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................... 3
4.0 REGULATIONS. CODES AND STANDARDS ..................................................... 5
5.0 OTHER REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ................................................................. 6
6.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................... 7
6.1 Site Clearance ............................................................................................................. 7
6.2 Excavation .................................................................................................................. 8
6.3 Treatment of Formation (including Structural Fill) .............................................. 14
6.4 Fill Materials .............................................................................................................. 15
6.5 Backfill to Structures .................................................................................................. 19
6.6 Backfill to Pipe Trenches .......................................................................................... 21
6.7 Placing and Testing of Fills ....................................................................................... 26
6.8 Stone Pitching ............................................................................................................. 28
7.0 DOCUMENTATION T O BE SUBMITTED ......................................................... 28
SP3 12B-04
BROWN & ROOT NA LTD DOC. NO.: BRNA-SP-CS-006-03
EARTHWORKS PAGE 3 OF 29
Ir
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Standard Technical Specification specifies the minimum technical requirements for
excavation and backfilling to structures, pipes and ducts.
2.0 SCOPE
The scope includes materials and workmanship necessary for excavation and backfilling to
structures, pipes (except prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP)) and ducts forming part
of general civil engineering construction.
r.
3.0 DEFINITIONS
"Required excavation" Excavation required for the permanent work and does not
include excavation for temporary work, access, working
space, or for temporary access roads.
"Foundation" Part of the undisturbed ground or prepared formation which

is support permanent work.
"Formation Surface of the soil in cut or in fill after completion

earthworks on which further construction is to be carried out.
"Spoil" Unsuitable or surplus excavated material that cannot be used

in the permanent work.
"Loose material" Soil with a natural dry densiiy less than or equal to
14 kilonewtons per cubic metre (kN/m3).
"Collapsing soil" Soil which exhibits additional settlement upon wetting up

without any increase in applied pressure. Such soils shall be
identified by reference to Figure 87 of the USBR Earth
Manual.
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"Rock" Solid and sound masses, layers or ledges of mineral matter

in place and of such hardness and texture that they cannot be
removed without systematic ripping by heavy plant or
blasting. Boulders exceeding 0.4 cubic metres in volume
shall be classified as rock.
"Relative Compaction" The percentage ratio of the dry density of a soil to the
maximum compacted dry density of a soil when a specified
amount of compaction is used.
Relative Compaction within this Specification is the

'achieved' density relative to the 'maximum' density achieved
under the Standard Compaction Test (Le. using a 2.5kg
rammer) described in Section 3.3 and 3.4 of BS 1377: Pari 4.
"Density Index" The ratio of the difference between the maximum and actual
voids ratio of a soil to the difference between the maximum
and minimum voids ratios. Formulae given in BS 1377: Pari
1, Definitions Section.
"Topsoil" Material of a sandy or silty nature free from large rocks and
excessive gravel, which is suitable for agricultural purposes.
"Pipe Zone Material" Material suitable as bedding and sidefill to pipes laid in
trench, including the first 300 mm of cover over the crown
of the pipe.
"Backfill" Material placed around structures or on top of pipes.
"Main Backfill" Material suitable for backfilling to pipes laid in trench,

above the first 300 mm of cover over the crown of the pipe.
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"Fill" Material used to make up required levels and on which no

structures will be placed.
"Structural Fill" Fill consisting of gravel or calcarenite, or other approved

material which performs a structural function.
For additional definitions reference should be made to BS 603 1.
4.0 REGULATIONS CODES AND STANDARDS
rp., Unless indicated otherwise in this Specification, the requirements of the latest revision of the
I
following regulations, codes and standards shall apply:-
British Standards Institution (BSI)
BS 812 Testing Aggregates.

BS 1377 Method of Tests for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes.
BS 2471 Method of Tests for Textiles - Woven Fabrics - Determination of Mass Per
Unit Length and Mass Per Unit Area.
BS 3148 Methods of Test of Water for Making Concrete (Including Notes on the
Suitability of the Water).
BS 3690 Bitumens for Building and Civil Engineering.
BS 5607 Code of Practice for Safe Use of Explosives in the Construction Industry.
BS 5930 Code of Practice for Site Investigations.
BS 603 1 Code of Practice for Earthworks.
BS 6906 Methods of Test for Geotextiles.
BS 8000 Workmanship on Building Sites. Part 1: Code of Practice for Excavation
and Filling
BS 8002 Code of Practice for Earth Retaining Structures.
BS 8004 Code of Practice for Foundations.
BS 8102 Code of Practice for Protection of Structures Against Water From Ground.
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American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
ASTM D 422 Particle Size Analysis of Soils.

ASTM D 1 194 Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load on Spread Footings.
ASTM D 1556 Density of Soil Place by the Sand-Cone Method.
ASTM D 1557 Moisture Density Relations of Soils and Soil Aggregate Mixtures using 10
pound (4.54kg) Rammer and 19 inch (457mm) Drop.
ASTM D 2487 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes.
ASTM D 4253 Maximum Index Density of Soils using a Vibratory Table.
ASTM D 4254 Minimum Index Density of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density.
h ASTM D 43 18 Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Elasticity Index of Soils.
ASTM D 4533 Standard Test Method Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextile.
Where there is a conflict between BSI and ASTM standards, the BSI standard shall take
preference.
5.0 OTHER REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Brown & Root North Africa (BRNA)
BRNA-SP-CS-003 Standard Specification for Installation and Testing Steel Pressure

Pipe.
,
! BRNA-SP-CS-004 Standard Specification for Installation and Testing Ductile Iron
Pipelines.
BRNA-SP-CS-008 Standard Specification for Site Work and Drainage.
BRNA-SP-CS-009 Standard Specification for Road Construction.
Department of Transport (UK)

Specification for Highway Works.
United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR)

Earth Manual.
SP3 12B-04
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Where alternative standards to the above are preferred by Contractor for routine control, they
may be adopted subject to approval by Owner. If so required by Owner, Contractor shall
carry out duplicate testing of a statistically significant number of samples for each type of
material to demonstrate that the proposed tests are equal to the tests specified.
6.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Site Clearance
6.1.1 General
All areas within the limits of the permanent construction where required excavation
is to be performed shall be cleared of all trees, roots, topsoil, vegetable matter or
other debris.
in addition to the area covered by the permanent works, Contractor shall clear,
borrow and quarry areas to be used for the winning of construction materials.
6.1.2 Existing Buildings
No existing buildings within the area of the permanent works or areas to be used for
borrow and quarry areas shall be demolished except as directed by Owner. Methods
of demolition shall be approved by Owner. Buildings shall not be left in a dangerous
partly demolished state.
6.1.3 Topsoil
Contractor shall strip topsoil from the areas to be covered by the permanent works
and of spoil tips and shall stockpile it, in an area approved by Owner, for reuse.
Where borrow areas, quarries and temporary excavations are opened outside the area
of the permanent works, the topsoil shall be set aside and replaced on completion of
the works. On pipeline routes, topsoil shall be removed from the trench area, set
SP3 12B-04
The depth of topsoil stripped shall be 200 mm unless otherwise indicated by Owner.
6.1.4 Disposal
All vegetation, debris, material unsuitable for inclusion in the works and surplus
excavated material shall be dumped in the spoil tips shown on the drawings or in
areas approved by Owner.
6.2 Excavation
6.2.1 General
Contractor shall submit to Owner, for approval, full details concerning the methods
and equipment proposed for each section of excavation, including use of explosives
for blasting where appropriate.
If explosives are to be used, storage, transportation, handling, charging and

detonation shall be performed by qualified personnel using approved equipment and
in accordance with the law of the country.
No excavation shall be backfilled or covered in any way until Contractor has

obtained the approval of Owner. Contractor shall at its own expense expose any
excavation which has been covered without prior inspection and approval of Owner.
6.2.2 Limits of Excavation
Excavation shall be to the lines and levels shown on the drawings with the following
tolerances:
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TABLE 1 - TOLERANCES ON EXCAVATION
Location Horizontal Vertical
Open cuts not to be backfilled +300 mm - 0 -

+lo0 mm
(where detailed dimensions are
not given on drawings)
Drainage ditches +lo0 mm - 0 -

+30 mm
Foundations for structures +lo0 mm - 0 +50 mm 0 -

Vertical or inclined cuts against +lo0 mm - 0 +50 mm - 0
which concrete is to be cast
Cuts which are to be backfilled -

+lo0 mm -
+50 mm
Pipe and duct trenches (remote

from structures)
Centre line +200 mm NIA
Width
Base
+lo0 mm - 0
NIA I -”
+25 mm
+ signifies increase in the nominal size of excavation

- signifies reduction in the nominal size of excavation
-.
in cuts which are to be backfilled with soil or left open, local points of undisturbed
hard rock may be allowed to protrude with approval of Owner.
Where conditions exposed during excavation vary from those expected, Owner may
direct that excavation limits be varied.
Excavated surfaces on or against which fill or concrete is to be placed shall be free of

all loose material, collapsing soils and other unsuitable material. Any depressions in
the excavated surfaces caused by the removal of such material and any over-
excavation due to the fault of Contractor or the removal of material which, in the
SP3 12B-04
opinion of Owner, has become weathered or damaged by subsequent operations shall

be backfilled as follows:
In the foundation of concrete structures, with Grade 20 concrete, or with

suitable soil compacted to 98% Relative Compaction, as directed by Owner.
Elsewhere, with approved fill material placed in layers and compacted to a

density equal to that of the surrounding ground.
6.2. StaAIity of Excavated Surfaces
Contractor shall be responsible for the stability of all temporary slopes and trenches
and shall support, protect and make safe all surfaces exposed by the excavations.
Where appropriate, excavations shall be supported so that the surrounding ground
and structures will be secured against subsidence and damage. Owner's approval for
the methods for supporting the ground shall be obtained by Contractor.
Owner may order support to be strengthened or altered if it is considered necessary

in the interests of the work or to safeguard against accidents t o the workmen. Such
an order shall not relieve Contractor of its responsibilities for safety, adherence to the
schedule, or any other requirements of the Contract.
AI1 temporary supports shall be removed upon completion of the works. The
supports to slopes and trenches against which fill is to be placed shall be removed as
filling proceeds and in such a manner as to prevent contamination of the fill by
material from the excavated slope.
As excavation proceeds, Contractor shall remove from the surfaces of any excavation
all loose and overhanging rock or earth.
6.2.4 Drainage of Works
All excavations and borrow pits shall be kept free of standing water and drained
during the whole of the construction period. Provision shall be made for th
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diversion of surface water and such drainage and pumping facilities as are necessary
to ensure the stability of slopes and to prevent water entering the excavation.
Reference BS 603 1 and "Standard Specification for Site Work and Drainage".
Contractor shall be responsible for the safe disposal, away from the site of the works,
of any water from ail excavations and borrow pits.
6.2.5 Excavation for Structures
The surface of rock excavation under concrete structures shall be prepared in such a
1 manner as to leave the rock in as sound a condition as may be reasonably expected.
Rock surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned by compressed air and water jet before
concrete is placed.
All dried surfaces shall be wetted with sprayed water prior to placing blinding
concrete.
In diggable ground the bottom layer of excavation, not less than 75 mm thick, shall
be left undisturbed and subsequently taken out immediately before the concrete or
other work is placed. Similarly, where the concrete or other work is to be placed in
contact with the side face of an excavation, the last 75 mm shall be left undisturbed
and taken out neatly to profile immediately before the concrete or other work is
placed.
6.2.6 Excavation for Pipework and Ducts
Where not shown on the drawings the width of trench excavated for any size of pipe
shall be the minimum required for proper compaction of backfill and as necessary for
efficient working afier allowance has been made for any timbering and strutting. At
any one time the maximum length of open trench excavation prepared in readiness
for pipelaying shall not, except with the prior approval of Owner, exceed 300 metres
for any one section of pipeline being laid.
,-
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Except where it is agreed by Owner that in-situ material is suitable for bedding
material, the trench shall be excavated to 150 mm below pipe invert level in the case
of pipes up to DN 750 size, and 200 mm for larger sizes, and backfilled to the bottom
of the pipe with bedding material conforming with Sections 6.6.2 and 6.6.3 herein.
The materials excavated from trenches may be dumped temporarily at a minimum

distance of 1.0 m from the trench sides provided the safety of the trench side is not
impaired. If in the opinion of Owner this will prevent the free passage of traffic or
pedestrians, Contractor shall dump the excavated materials in locations directed by
Owner. Surplus material shall be dumped in spoil tips.
Trench excavation material shall not be permitted to act as bund for impounding
water.
Contractor shall not begin pipelaying until Owner has checked and approved trench
conditions.
6.2.7 Disposal of Excavated Materials
Depending on its nature and quality, excavated material may either be:
e Used for fill or backfill.

e Used for concrete aggregates.
e Taken to spoil disposal areas.
Excavated material that is suitable for fill, backfill, or processing for concrete
aggregate shall be stockpiled in separate areas approved by Owner. Contractor shall
carry out the excavation and disposal in such a manner as to avoid contamination and
to maximise the quantity of reusable material.
Any surplus material which, in the opinion of Owner, may be suitable for agricultural
purposes shall be deposited in a separate area approved by Owner to a depth not
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dumped in this area to achieve a neat uniform surface with outer slopes not steeper
than 1 vertical to 6 horizontal.
Other surplus material and material unsuitable for inclusion in the works shall be
dumped in spoil areas approved by Owner. Spoil tips shall have a depth not
exceeding 3 metres above the average ground level. On completion of the works,
Contractor shall grade the spoil dumped in each area to achieve neat, uniform
surfaces with outer slopes not exceeding 1 vertical to 6 horizontal and shall compact
the surface with the equivalent Of 4 passes of a 10 tonne roller.
-, 6.2.8 Trial Excavations, Sampling and Testing of Materials
As a confirmation of the results of the pre-contract soil investigations, and well in

advance of the programme of works, Contractor shall excavate trial pits and take soil
samples of the foundation of structures at intervals and depths approved by Owner to
determine the necessary depths of excavation, the condition of the sub-grade material
and the quality of backfill obtainable from excavation.
Subject to the results the Owner may modi@ the pipeline route and/or adjust the
exact locations of structures.
Contractor shall carry out tests on materials as required by Owner. Testing shall be
carried out in accordance with BS 1377.
Contractor shall excavate trial pits needed to determine the position of existing
underground services, pipelines and obstructions. Once the information is obtained
and recorded the trial pits shall be reinstated. The reinstatement of trial pits shall be
- carried out to the approval of Owner.
6.2.9 Borrow Areas and Quarries
The location of all borrow areas, quarries and spoil tips shall be to the approval of
Owner.
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Borrow areas and quarries shall be finished with safe excavated slopes and left in a
neat and tidy condition.
6.3 Treatment of Formation (including Structural Fill)
The formation on which structures are to be founded shall be inspected and its condition
recorded. The soils within the foundation area shall be described in accordance with BS
5930. Where there is doubt as to the bearing capacity of the foundation, in situ density tests
shall be carried out. If soil is defined as "Loose" or "Collapsing", the excavation shall be
continued for one metre and the test repeated. Excavation may be extended by up to 3 metres
in this way for significantly loaded structures.
Where soil conditions vary across a foundation, additional excavation may be ordered by
Owner up to 500 mm depth whether or not the soil is defined as "Looset1or "Collapsing".
The voids so formed shall be backfilled with suitable soil compacted to 98% Relative
Compaction or Grade 20 concrete to provide more uniform foundation conditions.
For tanks and structures founded at shallow depth in soils, Owner may direct, after
inspection, that the structure be relocated locally to obtain better foundation conditions. If,
on inspection, the soil at that depth is found to be acceptable for foundation, the formation
shall be conditioned by scarifj4ng to a depth of 150 mm, wetted to optimum moisture content
plus or minus 2% and compacted to achieve a Relative Compaction of 98% for cohesive
material or Density Index of 95% for cohesionless material.
Blinding concrete or Structural Fill shall be placed without delay.
Water conforming with the requirements of BS 3 148 shall be used to condition soil within
450 mm of structural concrete except where concrete structures are tanked, in which case
water not conforming with the requirements of BS 3 148 may be used.
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6.4 Fill Materials
6.4.1 General
Fill materials shall be free from organic, vegetable and other unsuitable matter, see
Section 7.6 of BS 6031.
Contractor shall where necessary process soilhock materials to produce fill materials
which comply with the specified limits.
h Contractor shall carry out compaction trials for each type of fill to demonstrate that
the procedures and equipment proposed achieve the required results. To optimise the
compaction method, the moisture content, layer thickness and number of passes may
be varied within the limitations given in this Specification. When a compaction
procedure has been proved in a trial, the procedure shall not be changed without
further trials. The trials may take place within the works, but any materials that do
not comply with this Specification in all respects shall be removed.
6.4.2 Sources of Fill Materials
Material to satis@ fill, backfill and bedding requirements will normally be won
locally from excavation. Where material from local excavation is insufficient or
unsuitable Contractor shall import material from borrow pits or from other works
locations where excavation is in excess. Contractor may b e required to develop
borrow areas outside the area of the works in order to obtain materials for rock-fill
and granular materials. The source of all fill materials shall be approved by Owner.
Contractor shall carry out such sub-surface investigation, sampling and testing as
may be required to assess the suitability of the materials in the proposed area for use
in the works. As part of such an investigation, Contractor shall keep accurate records
of any test pit, trench or borehole which he opens for the purpose of investigating
sources of materials and a copy of such records shall be submitted to Owner
immediately after completion of the test pit, trench or borehole.
*
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6.4.3 Pipe Zone Material
Fill material for bedding, sidefill and cover to pipes shall conform with Section 6.6.2
herein.
6.4.4 Gravel Fill
Gravel fill shall comprise hard, durable particles of crushed rock, having a water
absorption measured as described in BS 812: Part 2, of less than 5 %. The gradation
shall be as given in Table 2:
TABLE 2 - GRAVEL FILL GRADING LIMITS
I ~~
Sieve size, mm ~ I Percentage passing I

75 100
37.5 5 0 - 100
-
20
10
3 5 - 75
2 0 - 55
I
5 1 0 - 40
2 0 - 25
I
I 0.6
I 0 - 15
I
6.4.5 Calcarenite Fill
Calcarenite fill shall comprise limestone particles derived from excavation in

calcarenite bedrock and shall have A gradation after compaction in the works within
the limits given in Table 3:
SP3 12B-04
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TABLE 3 CALCARENITE FILL GRADING LIMITS
1 Sieve size, mm I Percentage passing 1

75 100
37.5 7 0 - 100
20 50- 85
10 40- 75
5 30- 65
h
2 2 0 - 50
0.6 1 0 - 35
0.06 0 - 20
6.4.6 Rockfill
Rockfill shall consist of a free draining mixture of hard broken rock obtained from
quarries or from materials arising from excavation. The water absorption measured
as described in BS 812: Pari 2, shall be less than 5%. Rockfill shall be well graded
between 10 and 500 mm size to form a fill without large voids.
6.4.7 Granular Fill
Granular fill shall be clean and free from deleterious matter and shall have a grading
within the limits given in Table 4, determined in accordance with BS 1377:
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TABLE 4 - GRANULAR FILL GRADING LIMITS
Sieve size, mm Percentage Passing
100 100
75 75 - 100
37.5 50 - 100
20 35 - 98
~~
10 25 - 95
5 15 - 85
2 10 -75
0.6 5 - 50
~~
0.06 0 - 20
6.4.8 Sand Bitumen
Sand bitumen shall consist of clean, dry sand thoroughly mixed with 8-10% bitumen
by volume.
The sand shall be screened coarse sand with silt content not exceeding 10%. Sand
shall be obtained from a source approved by Owner.
Bitumen for the sand bitumen layer shall be 80/100 grade to BS 3690.
The sand shall be heated and thoroughly mixed with 80/100 grade bitumen in mixing
trays or heated platforms or as approved by Owner. The mix shall be laid at a
temperature of approximately 200°C.
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6.4.9 Cement Stabilised Soil
The soil to be stabilised, the cement content, and the compaction, shall be in
accordance with the Department of Transport (UK), Specification for Highway
Works, Volume 1, Clause 614.
6.5 Backfill to Structures
6.5.1 General Backfill
h Backfilling around concrete structures shall not commence until a minimum of 7

days has elapsed since placing the concrete, the specified 28 day strength has been
achieved, and all tanking and protective boarding is complete. All trash, debris and
loose material shall be removed prior to backfilling. For water retaining structures,
backfilling shall be carried out after completion and acceptance of the watertightness
testing.
Backfill shall be brought up evenly around structures and finished sloping away from
the structures for drainage. .
Where backfill is placed against concrete protected by tanking and protective

boarding, the backfill shall be screened to ensure that the maximum particle size of
material placed in contact with the protected concrete surface does not exceed
25 mm. Contractor shall take care not to damage the protective boarding during
backfilling. Should any damage occur, Contractor shall repair such damage to the
satisfaction of Owner before continuing with backfilling.
Compaction equipment weighing more than one (1) tonne per metre width shall not
be operated closer than 2.0 metres to all buried concrete structures. Small
compaction plant shall be used for compaction of strips of fill adjacent to concrete
faces where heavy plant may not be used.
When light compaction plant weighing less than one ( I ) tonne per metre width is
used, the find compacted layer thickness shall not exceed 150 mm, unless a
? 9,?
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SP3 12B-04 Mav. 01

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compaction trial indicates that a greater thickness will yield acceptable results for the
compaction plant used. The number of passes required shall be determined from a
compaction trial, but shall not be less than the equivalent of 4 passes of a 1 tonne per
metre vibrating roller.
The Relative Compaction for backfill around structures shall be not less than 95
percent. Water may be added to the fill to aid compaction. The water content of the
fill material shall be uniform to produce homogeneous layers. Backfill density shall
be tested to Part 9 of BS 1377 at least once per 100 cubic metres placed.
h 6.5.2 Granular Backfill
The granular backfill shall be clean, free draining material and comprise hard,
durable crushed rock and shall have a grading within the limits given in Table 5,
determined in accordance with Section 9.2: Part 2, of BS 1377:
-
TABLE 5 GRANULAR BACKFILL GRADING LIMITS
Sieve size, mrn I Percentage passing
80 - 100
6 0 - 85
40- 75
~
I 5 I 2 5 - 40 I
2 1 5 - 30
I
0.60 5 - 12
Granular materials shall be placed such that the layer thickness does not exceed 150 mm after
compaction. The granular materials shall be compacted to a Density Index of 75 percent
throughout their depth.
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The water content of the granular backfill shall be uniform to produce homogeneous layers.
6.6 Backfill to Pipe Trenches
6.6.1 General
Before backfilling trenches, Contractor shall obtain approval of Owner for the
methods proposed to be used and shall demonstrate by means of trials that the
specified compaction can be achieved.
6.6.2 Pipe Zone Material
Pipe zone material for bedding, sidefill and cover to pipes shall be free from organic
matter and shall be either 'as-dug' material, if suitable, or imported granular material.
Generally, for pipes with diameters up to 1 metre, suitable backfill materials are
natural or crushed sand, gravel or coarse grained soil of 10 mm maximum particle
size and with less than 50% silt or clay sized particles.
For pipes larger than 1 metre diameter, the backfill material shall be as given herein:
(i) Bedding
Bedding material, throughout its full depth from formation level up to

springline, shall be clean and free from solid unyielding pieces larger than
50mm, such as rocks, broken debris or organic material.
It shall be 100% passing 50.8mm (2 inch) screen, 95-100% passing 25.4mm

(1 inch) screen, and 0-1 2% passing #200 screen.
(ii) Backfill
Backfill is divided into three zones:
SP3 12B-04
a
Zone 1 This zone is from springline to about 3OOmm above the
crown of the pipe. Maximum size of material shall not
exceed two-thirds of the completed layer thickness and not
more than 10% be greater than 75mm.
Zone 2 This zone continues from Zone 1 up to existing ground level.

Maximum size of material shall not exceed two-thirds of the
compacted layer thickness.
Zone 3 This zone consists of a berm maximum 300mm high above

(ifrequired) the existing ground level and sloping to shed water away
from the pipeline. The maximum size of material shall be
75mm unless specifically required for erosion protection.
6.6.3 Compaction
(i) General
Before depositing bedding and backfill, organic matter, mud and otherwise
unsuitable soils shall be removed from the surface upon which these
materials are to be placed. Irregularities and cavities shall be filled. Trench
bottom must be free of water. Any water used in construction activities must
be kept clear of trench.
Bedding and backfilling materials shall be free from organic material, mud
and unyielding solid objects.
In the event of accidental over-excavation, additional bedding material shall

be used. It shall be placed and compacted in accordance with the
requirements for bedding given in 6.6.3 (ii). Over-excavation adjacent to
appurtenant structures in situations where the sides of the excavations are
required to take thrusts imposed by such appurtenances as shown on the
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After all backfill is complete, surplus material may be spread evenly over the
area of the site if permitted and the entire area graded and smoothed to
ensure proper drainage away from the pipe trench and its immediate vicinity.
Bedding and backfill material shall not be placed, spread, or compacted

during unfavourable weather conditions. When the work is interrupted by
rain, fill operations shall not be resumed until field tests indicate that the
moisture content and density of the fill are within the specified limits.
(ii) Bedding
Bedding materials shall be compacted in layers not exceeding 500mm in

loose thickness to achieve a minimum Relative Compaction of 95%.
The density of bedding material within the central invert strip shall not
exceed the density of bedding elsewhere.
Prior to placement of pipes I500mm diameter and larger, the bedding shall
be shaped to accept the profile of the pipe within the middle strip half a
diameter wide.
The radius of the shaped bedding shall be smaller than the outside radius of
the pipe so that the weight of the pipe, when it is first laid, is carried at the
outer edges of the preformed bedding. However, the radius should not be so
small that a void remains under the pipe invert in the service condition. If
Owner requires, Contractor shall place, backfill and then expose and remove
trial pipe to check that adequate bedding support is obtained by the
construction method adopted by Contractor.
Prior to pipelaying the material shall be carefully dressed in such a manner

that the pipes will rest on the bed for the whole of their barrel length, bell
holes to accommodate the joints being cut as n e c e s s q . I
SP3 12B-04
Trials shall be carried out, as and when required by Owner, to determine the
compactive effort required to achieve a Relative Compaction of at least 90%.
Where trenches are in gravel surfaced roads, tracks and verges, the backfill
shall be compacted to achieve a Relative Compaction of at least 95% or a
Density index of 80%. in the case of bituminous surfaced roads the Relative
Compaction shall be increased to 98% or a Density Index of 95%.
Compaction shall be subject to check as given above for Zone 1.
Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, or directed by the Owner, fill over
the pipeline shall be placed to an elevation such that the finished grade will
h be uniform and approximately a maximum of 3OOmm above the natural
ground over the pipeline trench.
6.6.4 Reinstatement of Surfaces
Ail surfaces affected by the works shall be temporarily reinstated immediately after
the trenches are backfilled.
The temporary reinstatement and maintenance and permanent reinstatement of all

surfaces of roads, shoulders, paths, fields, verges and other surfaces which have been
affected by the operations of Contractor shall be the Contractor’s sole liability and
shall be carried out to the satisfaction of Owner and of the responsible authority.
Permanent reinstatement shall not be carried out until the ground has consolidated
completely and after obtaining Owner approval. In the event of further settlement
occurring after the completion of the permanent reinstatement and during the
currency of the contract, Contractor shall make good the reinstatement to the
approval of Owner or the responsible authority.
For the purposes of temporary/permanent reinstatement in roads, tracks and

footpaths, the surface width of trenches shall be increased by 150 mm on each side of
the trench to a depth of not less than 75 mm.
SP3 12B-04
Materials forming the surface and foundations of roads, tracks and footpaths may, if
approved by Owner, be used by Contractor in the temporary reinstatement of
surfaces. Contractor shall provide all additional materials necessary for the
reinstatement.
In grassed and cultivated surfaces, after the backfill has been thoroughly compacted,
the topsoil shall be relaid, levelled, replanted, watered and attended until plants have
become well established. The number and type of plants shall be as existed before or
as directed by Owner.
At the end of the contract the surface of trenches in all areas shall be reinstated to the
levels which existed before excavation commenced. The final surface of the trench
shall be flush with the surrounding ground.
Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to ensure that no toxic or deleterious
material which may cause damage to vegetation, livestock or watercourses, is used in
any temporary or permanent reinstatement.
6.7 Placing and Testing of Fills
6.7. I Rockfill
Rockfill shall be placed in such a way as not to cause any segregation of fine and
coarse rocks and to achieve an even and dense layer. Layers shall not exceed
500 mm. The maximum diameter of the rock fragments shall not exceed two-thirds
of the layer thickness.
Rockfill shall be sluiced with water from a high pressure jet during placing and shall
be rolled with four passes of a vibrating roller of 10 tonnes static weight and of
approved type. The field density of rockfill shall be measured by the method
described in BS 1377: Part 9, Section 2 where directed by Owner.
/-
SP3 12B-04
F
6.7.2 Granular and Gravel Fill
Granular and gravel fill shall be placed in layers 250 mm thick after compaction and
shall be compacted by at least 4 passes of a vibrating roller of 10 tonnes static
weight. The density shall be measured using the method described in BS 1377:
Part9, Section 2 for each layer placed at a site, or once every 200 cubic metres
placed, whichever is the more frequent. The Density Index shall be at least 95
percent. The maximum and minimum dry densities to be determined by the methods
described in BS 1377: Part 4, Section 4.
6.7.3 Calcarenite Fill
Calcarenite fill shall be placed in layers 200 mm thick after compaction. Water shall
be added to bring the calcarenite to plus or minus 2 percent of the optimum moisture
content. Compaction shall be achieved with at least 4 passes of a vibrating roller of
10 tonnes static weight and shall achieve at least 98 percent Relative Compaction on
the fraction of the sample passing the 20 mm sieve.
The field density shall be measured using the method described in BS 1377: Part 9.
Using the material excavated in the test, the proportion retained on the 20 mm sieve
shall be measured. The saturated and surface dried relative density of particles
retained on the 20mm sieve shall be measured as described in BS 812: Part 2 and an
adjustment made to calculate the field density of the material passing the 20
millimetre sieve.
6.7.4 Sand Bitumen
Sand bitumen shall be placed hot in 150 mm layers after compaction and rolled with
4 passes of a vibrating pedestrian-operated double drum roller.
In small areas inaccessible to rollers, the sand bitumen shall be placed in 100 mm
layers and compacted by the use of hand rammers.
SP3 12B-04
Ei’
6.8 Stone Pitching
Stone pitching shall be placed in areas indicated on the drawings.
Stone pitching shall comprise rock of irregular shape between 50 and 250 millimetre size.
Prior to laying the stone, the ground shall be correctly graded and thoroughly compacted.
On horizontal surfaces, the stone pitching shall be laid to a thickness of 200 mm.
On slopes, the work shall commence from the bottom by placing the larger stones at the base
of the incline and progressing upwards.
All stones shall be placed by hand and consolidated or hammered into position. All
interstices shall be packed or filled with stone chippings to form an even surface.
Where shown on the drawings, stones shall be jointed with 1 :4 cementhand mortar.
7.0 DOCUMENTATION TO BE SUBMITTED
Contractor shall submit the following documentation to Owner for review and approval:
Procedures for:
0 Demolition.
0 Blasting.
0 Excavation.
0 Inspecting foundations and trenches.
0 Trial Compactions.
0 Filling, compaction and testing.
0 Trench Backfilling.
SP3 12B-04
BROWN & ROOT NA LTD DOC. NO. : BRNA-SP-CS-006-03
~
Technical Data:
e Location of proposed borrow areas.

e Location of proposed spoil tips and stockpile areas.
Reports:
b Compaction control test reports.

e Borrow area investigation reports.
SP3 12B-04

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GREAT MAN-MADE RIVER

WATER UTILISATION PROJECT

REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL

PUMPSTATIONS AT SIRT END AND

EXHIBIT "B-4" - STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR

THE GENERAL AUTHORITY FOR THE WATER UTILISATION

GREAT SOCIALIST PEOPLE'S LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIFUYA

Document Number : BRNA-SP-CS-006-03

SP3 12B-04 iz 2 July, 01

DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER

STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR BRNA-SP-CS-006-03

00 05/97 issued for IDC

01 10197 Issued for Implementation

03 05/01 Minor Revisions on issue for DIS1 (lessons

INDEX SHEET FOR REVISIONS ....................................................................................... 1

"Foundation" Part of the undisturbed ground or prepared formation which

"Formation Surface of the soil in cut or in fill after completion

"Spoil" Unsuitable or surplus excavated material that cannot be used

"Collapsing soil" Soil which exhibits additional settlement upon wetting up

"Rock" Solid and sound masses, layers or ledges of mineral matter

Relative Compaction within this Specification is the

"Backfill" Material placed around structures or on top of pipes.

"Main Backfill" Material suitable for backfilling to pipes laid in trench,

"Fill" Material used to make up required levels and on which no

"Structural Fill" Fill consisting of gravel or calcarenite, or other approved

For additional definitions reference should be made to BS 603 1.

4.0 REGULATIONS CODES AND STANDARDS

following regulations, codes and standards shall apply:-

British Standards Institution (BSI)

BS 812 Testing Aggregates.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM D 422 Particle Size Analysis of Soils.

5.0 OTHER REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

Brown & Root North Africa (BRNA)

BRNA-SP-CS-003 Standard Specification for Installation and Testing Steel Pressure

Department of Transport (UK)

United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR)

6.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Site Clearance

6.1.2 Existing Buildings

If explosives are to be used, storage, transportation, handling, charging and

No excavation shall be backfilled or covered in any way until Contractor has

6.2.2 Limits of Excavation

Location Horizontal Vertical

Open cuts not to be backfilled +300 mm - 0 -

Drainage ditches +lo0 mm - 0 -

Foundations for structures +lo0 mm - 0 +50 mm 0 -

Cuts which are to be backfilled -

Pipe and duct trenches (remote

Centre line +200 mm NIA

+ signifies increase in the nominal size of excavation

Excavated surfaces on or against which fill or concrete is to be placed shall be free of

opinion of Owner, has become weathered or damaged by subsequent operations shall

In the foundation of concrete structures, with Grade 20 concrete, or with

Elsewhere, with approved fill material placed in layers and compacted to a

6.2. StaAIity of Excavated Surfaces

Owner may order support to be strengthened or altered if it is considered necessary

6.2.4 Drainage of Works

6.2.5 Excavation for Structures

6.2.6 Excavation for Pipework and Ducts