UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

Name of Student: Ghimar Cuntapay Year/Section: Grade 11 HUMMS 11b-1

Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance Teacher: Eliza-Mae B. Languian

MODULE No. 1
TITLE: THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
OVERVIEW/ - The executive power is vested in the President of the Philippines, as provided in Sec. 1,
INTRODUCTION Article VII of the 1987 Constitution, which states: The executive power shall be vested in
the President of the Philippines.
- Article 7, Section 2 states that: No person may be elected President unless he is a
natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least
forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least
ten years immediately preceding such election.
- The President of the Philippines is elected by direct vote of the people, and has
a term of six years with no provision for re-election. 
- The President is referred as the Chief Executive and he is both the Head of the State
and the Head of the Government.
- Article 7, Sec. 17 states that: He shall ensure that the laws shall be faithfully
implemented.
- The meaning of executive power has been defined as the power to administer the laws,
which means carrying them into practical operation and enforcing them.

LEARNING The learner should be able to analyse the roles and powers of the Philippine President.
OBJECTIVE/S
LEARNING Completing the following sentences in the activity entitled If the Shoe Fits!
OUTCOME/S

PART 1. CONTENT AND DISCUSSION:

POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

POWER OF CONTROL
 The president`s power of control is provided in Section 17, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution
which states that: The President shall have control of all the executive departments, bureaus and
offices.
 Related to the president's power of control is the power of supervision. Compared to control,
supervision is much less intrusive power of the President.
 The power of supervision is the one exercised by the President over Local Government Units.

POWER OF APPOINTMENT
 An appointment is the selection by the proper authority of an individual who is to exercise the
powers and functions of a given office.
 In making the selection, the President is free to choose an appointee. The only requirement is that
the appointee must possess at least the minimum qualifications required by the law.
 Under Section 16, the President can appoint the following officials
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

1. Heads of executive departments or secretaries

2. Ambassadors or public ministers or consuls
3. Officers of the armed forces of the Philippines
4. Other officers like the heads of the Constitutional Commissions like COMELEC, CSC and
COA.

POWER OF ORDINANCE
 The ordinance power of the president includes the issuance of executive orders, administrative
orders, proclamations, memorandum orders, memorandum circulars and general aor special
orders.
 In general sense, the ordinance power is used to issue rules governing the operations of
government, orders directing the performance of certain acts and proclamations like the fixing of
special holidays or declaring something of public interest.
 The power also includes general or special orders by the President as the commander-in-chief of
the armed forces of the Philippines.
 At present, Chapter 2, Title 1, Book III, Revised Administrative Code, Executive Order No. 292
deals with the ordinance power of the President –
1. Section 2. Executive Orders – acts of the president providing rules of a general or permanent
character in implementation or execution of constitutional or statutory powers shall be
promulgated in executive orders.
2. Section 3. Administrative Orders – acts of the president which relate to particular aspect of
governmental operations in pursuance of his duties as administrative head shall be
promulgated in administrative orders.
3. Section 4. Proclamation - acts of the president fixing a date or declaring a status or condition of
public moment or interest
4. Section 5. Memorandum Orders - acts of the president on matters of administrative detail or of
subordinate or temporary interest which only concern a particular officer or office of the
government shall be embodied in memorandum orders.
5. Section 6. Memorandum Circulars - acts of the president on matters relating to internal
administration.
6. Section 7. General or Special Orders - acts and commands of the President in his capacity as
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

MILITARY POWER
 Section 3, Article II of the 1987 Constitution provides: Civilian Authority is, at all times, supreme
over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the State.
Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory.
 Section 18, Article 7 also states that: The President shall be the Commander-in-Chief of all armed
forces of the Philippines and whenever it becomes necessary, he may call out such armed forces
to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion.
 As the Commander-in Chief, the President possesses the authority to direct military operations and
to determine military strategy. In the exercise of this power, the President may –
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

1. Call out the armed forces to prevent or suppress lawless, violence, invasion or rebellion
2. Suspend the writ of habeas corpus. Habeas Corpus is a court order demanding that a public
official (such as a warden) deliver an imprisoned individual to the court and show a valid
reason for that person's detention.
3. Declare a state of martial law. Section 18 consequently allows the declaration of martial law
only for invasion or rebellion and only for sixty days, unless the Congress allows a longer
period.

PARDONING POWER
 Section 19, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution states that: Except in cases of impeachment, or as
otherwise provided in this Constitution, the President may grant reprieves, commutations, pardons,
and remit fines and forfeitures, after conviction by final judgement. He shall also have the power to
grant amnesty with the concurrence of a majority of all the members of the Congress.
 Pardon is defined as an act of benevolence. It manifests the forgiveness of the Presidents as Head
of the State.
 Commutations merely reduce the penalty to be imposed. A reprieve suspends the imposition of the
penalty. Lastly, remit fines and forfeitures means to cancel or free the convict from the payment of
fines and the imposition of forfeitures.
 Amnesty is an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses.

BORROWING POWER
 As the head of the State, the President can borrow money from foreign sources and can guarantee
the payment of the foreign loans. The borrowing power of the President must have the prior
consent of the Monetary Board.
 The power should be validly delegated to the Secretary of the Department of Finance. This power
should always be exercised responsibly.

BUDGETARY POWER
 As the head of the government, the President has the authority to propose annual budget to the
Congress. Ideally, such annual budget is enacted into law before the calendar year ends.
 Section 22 of Article VII of the 1987 Constitution accordingly states that: The President shall submit
to the Congress, within thirty days from the opening of every regular session as the basis of the
general appropriations bills, a budget of expenditures and sources of financing, including receipts
from existing and proposed revenue measures.
 The budget to be submitted by the President will be the basis of the general appropriations bill. The
Congress, while it may lower the amount recommended by the president, has no authority to
increase it.
 Under section 25, Article VII of 1987 Constitution states that: The Congress may not increase the
appropriations recommended by the President for the operation of the government as specified in
the budget.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

DIPLOMATIC POWER
 The President wields diplomatic power and can enter into treaties and other international
agreements with heads of other states.
 Section 21, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution, nevertheless imposes of the following: No treaty or
international agreement shall be valid and effective unless concurred in by at least two-thirds of all
members of the senate.
 According to the 1969 Vienna convention on the low of treaties, a treaty is an “international
agreement concluded between states in written form and governed by international law, whether
embodied in a single instrument or in two or more relaxed instruments and whatever its particular
designation”.
 A treaty between two contracting states is called a bilateral treaty, while that involving more than
two contracting states is referred to as a multilateral treaty. Its purpose may be for anything the
contracting states may agree on, such as economic growth, tax, exemptions, military assistance, or
visa-free travel of the citizens of one contracting state to the other.

INFORMING POWER
 The president is required to speak before the congress sitting in a joint session at the opening of its
regular session, and may also appear before it at the other times, as provided for by Section 23,
Article VII of the 1987 Constitutions, which states: The president shall address the congress at the
opening of its regular sections. He may also appear before it at any other time.
 The obligatory speaking engagement of the President before the Congress called the “State Of
The Nation Address” (SONA). This provision relates to Section 15, Article VII of the1987
Constitution, which provides that the congress “shall convene once every year on the fourth
Monday of July for its regular session”. During the annual SONA, the president reports on the
status of the country, unveils the government’s agenda for the coming year, and proposes to the
Congress certain legislative measures.
 It must be stated at his points that SONAs are not only about accomplishments and plans. They
invariably carry political propaganda as well. This is but natural. The speeches are delivered in a
political arena and before lawmakers who are politicians of the first order.

POWER OVER ALIENS

Section 8 to 11, Chapter 3, Title 1, Book III of the Revised Administrative Code provides the
powers of the President over aliens:
1. Power to Deport- The President shall have the power to deport aliens subject to the
requirements of due process.
2. Power to Change Non-Immigrant Status of Aliens- the President, subject to the provisions of
law, shall have the power to change the status of non-immigrants by allowing them to acquire
permanent residence status without necessity of visa.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

3. Power to Countermand Decisions of the Board of Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration

- The decision of the Board of Commissioners which has jurisdiction over all deportation cases
shall become final and executory after 30 days from promulgation, unless within such period
the President shall order the contrary.
4. Power over Aliens under the General Principles of International Law - The President shall
exercise with respect to aliens in the Philippines such powers as are recognized by the
generally accepted principles of international law.
 While legislative power is vested in the Congress, the President has the power to veto any bills
passed by the Congress. It means the President may refuse to sign a bill, sending the bill back to
the house where it originated along with his objections.  And it is stated in Article VI, Sec. 27.

PART 2. LEARNING TASK/S

Instruction: Complete the following sentences to indicate your opinion or position if you were that someone
described in the sentence. *NOTE – ENGLISH ONLY; 5 POINTS EACH.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

1. If I were elected President of the Philippines, I want to be remembered as, I want to be

remembered as the strongest and bravest President of the Philippines.
2. If I were elected President of the Philippines, I do not want to be remembered,I do not want to be
remembered as the weakest and lazy Vice president
3. If I were the Vice President of the Philippines, I will try to,I will try my best to support our president
4. If I were the Vice President of the Philippines, I will not try to ,I will not try to disobey the rules of our
dearest president

PREPARED BY
ELIZA-MAE B. LANGUIAN
SUBJECT FOCAL PERSON

Name of Student: Ghimar Cuntapay Year/Section: 11 BLOCK 1

Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance Teacher: Eliza-Mae B. Languian

MODULE No. 2
TITLE: THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
OVERVIEW/ Section 1, Article VI of the 1987 Constitution states that: The Legislative power shall
INTRODUCTION be vested in the Congress of the Philippines which shall consist of a Senate and a
House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to the people by the
provision on initiative and referendum.
LAWS – Merriam-Webster defines laws as rules of conduct or action prescribed or
formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority.
Laws are necessary to prevent anarchy. Without laws, there are no standards by
which to judge the behaviour of the individuals who come into conflict with others.
Courts would find it difficult to decide legal disputes if there are no rules to be
applied to settle the controversy.
People would be free to do as they please because there is no government
regulation of their actions. In such a case, there would be lawlessness and chaos.
Prevention of lawlessness and the elimination of chaos and the regulation of human
conduct is the top priority of any law-making body.

LEARNING The learner should be able to assess the performance of the Philippine Congress.
OBJECTIVE/S
LEARNING Write bills in hopes of influencing their school, community, or State.
OUTCOME/S

PART 1. CONTENT AND DISCUSSION:

Kinds of Laws
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

As to nature
Substantive law – provides for the rights and duties of persons in relation to other persons as well to the
state, and includes the offenses for which individuals who are alleged of having committed them can be
prosecuted.
Procedural law – also known as adjective or remedial law, constitutes the sets of rules governing the
proceeding in courts.
As to scope
A general law is one which embraces a class of subjects or places and does not omit any subject or place
naturally belonging to such class while a special act is one which relates to particular person or things of a
class.
A special law is one that relates to particular persons or things of a class, as distinguished from general law
which applies to all persons or things of a class.

Composition and Qualifications of the Legislative Body

A LEGISLATURE is defined as the body of individuals selected to formulate, amend and repeal laws. It may
consist of one house called unicameral while it may consist of two houses called bicameral.

A legislature is essential to the proper functioning of a society.

The legislative department in the Philippines is divided into two houses: the Senate and the House of
Representatives.
They are 24 senators in the Philippine Senate. A senator must be a natural born Filipino, at least 35 yrs. old
on the day of election, able to read and write, a registered voter and a resident of the Philippines for not less
than two years.
Senators served for a term of 6 years and are eligible for one re-election. They cannot serve for more than 2
consecutive terms.
On the other hand, a member of the House of Representatives – who is called Congressman – must be a
natural born citizen, at least 25 years of age on the day of election, able to read and write, a registered voter
in the district where he or she is elected, and a resident of the said district for a period of not less than 1
year. Representatives composed of at most 240 Congressman.
Congressman has a term of 3 years and may serve for up to 3 consecutive terms.
They are two kinds of members of the House of Representatives: there are district representatives who are
elected by the legislative district they represent and there are party list representatives.
Party list representatives are the nominees of party list groups who received at least two percent vote of the
total number of valid votes cast for the party list system. A party list group is only allowed a maximum of
three seats.

Powers
Legislative Power - The primary duty of Congress is to legislate. This means that the two houses of the
Philippine Congress must work together to make laws. If they cannot agree on the bills to pass, there will be
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

gridlock. Gridlock occurs if the rival political parties cannot set aside partisan politics and one-upmanship for
the common good.
Senators propose the enactment of laws that are general concern to the country as a whole.
While, members of the House of Representatives exclusively initiate all appropriation, revenue or tariff bills,
bills authorizing an increase in the public debt, bills of local application and private bills.
A law starts out as a bill which is the draft of the proposed law. No law can be passed without both houses
of Congress and House of Representatives having their opportunity to examine and debate the proposed
legal measure.
A bill must pass through three readings on separate days. The first reading shall involve only the reading of
the number, title and author of the bill followed by the referral thereof by the Speaker to the appropriate
committee.
On the second reading, the bill shall be subject to debate which begins with a sponsorship speech.
Amendments or changes to the proposed bill may be made at this stage. If the bill is approved on the
second reading, the third reading comes next.
The third reading is the stage where the legislators vote on whether to pass the bill as a law. If the yes votes
win, the bill will be then be transmitted to the other house where it will undergo the same process.
If the other house of the congress also votes to pass the bill, it will then be submitted to the president for the
approval. The president may either approve the bill or sign it or veto the bill and return it to the house of
origin together with the objections to the bill. The veto, however, must be communicated within 30 days from
receipt by the President of the bill. Otherwise, the bill becomes a law as if the President signed it.

Power of Appropriation - This power is also known as the power of purse. In the exercise of this power, the
Congress passes appropriation laws to authorize the release of public funds from the Treasury for the use of
the various agencies of the government.
The budget process consists of four phases and these are – budget preparation, budget legislation, budget
execution and budget accountability.

Power of Taxation - The Congress may subject to certain limitations, may impose or increase taxes on a
particular taxable item or transaction in order to increase government revenues.
The congress is bound to enact taxes with uniform and equitable manner. It should be also progressive
meaning as one person goes up in income, the tax rate increases, thereby assuring a higher tax payment.
It is widely believed that a greater tax collection from those earning a lot would enable the State to provide
for an equitable distribution of wealth through socio economic projects that will benefit the poor.

Power of Impeachment - The Philippine Congress has the power to initiate and try impeachment cases for
the violation of Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption or betrayal of public trust.
The following public officers may be removed from office by impeachment: President, Vice-President,
Members of the Supreme Court, Members of Constitutional Commissions and Ombudsman
While the sole power to commence impeachment cases is given to the House of Representatives, the
Senate has the sole power to try and decide all cases of impeachment.

Power of Legislative Inquiry - This power is exercised to elicit information that will enable Congress to craft a
particular piece of legislation.
The congress power of inquiry is recognized in Section 21 of Article VI of the 1987 Constitution.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

The congress conducts inquiries or investigations in aid of legislation which call the attendance of officials
and employees of the executive department, bureaus and offices.

Other powers such as:

Question hour
War powers
Power to act as board of canvassers in election of president
Power to call special election for president and vice president
Power to judge the presidents physical fitness
Power to revoke or extend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
Power to concur presidential amnesties
Power to concur in treaties or international agreements
Power to confirm certain appointments made by the president
Power to relative natural resources and
Power to propose amendments to the Constitution.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

PART 2. LEARNING TASK/S

Instructions:
List down your three priority bills in line with school, community, or State that you want to implement as a
Law. Out of these three priority bills, you must evaluate the salience and urgency of the bills, and choose
the one which you think is the most salient and urgent. Once you have chosen your priority bill, list down 5-
10 reasons why your bill should be addressed as a law. *NOTE – ENGLISH ONLY

Anti dating act-dating inside the campus is prohibited.

1.Increase the students focus in their studies.
2.To prevent to much attachment to each other.
3.To prevent teenage pregnancy.
4.To prevent over love at early age.
5.To have quality time to his or her studies.

PREPARED BY - ELIZA-MAE B. LANGUIAN

SUBJECT FOCAL
Name of Student: Ghimar Cuntapay Year/Section: HUMSS 11-BLOCK 1
Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance Teacher: Eliza-Mae B. Languian

MODULE No. 3
TITLE: THE JUDICIARY BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
OVERVIEW/ The Judiciary is known as “the interpreter of the laws ” subject for verification within
INTRODUCTION the constitution of a country.
In the Philippines, the Supreme Court interprets the law of the land (Article VIII
Section 1) as stated that;
Section 1. The Judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

lower courts may be established by law.

Judicial power includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual
controversies involving the rights which are legally demandable and enforceable,
and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion
amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or
instrumentality of the Government.

LEARNING The learner should be able to understand the concepts underlying the judicial branch
OBJECTIVE/S of the Philippine government
LEARNING To compare and contrast the powers of executive, legislative and judicial branches of
OUTCOME/S the Philippine Government using Venn Diagram

PART 1. CONTENT AND DISCUSSION:

SUPREME COURT – the highest court of the land and the final arbiter of all controversies and disputes
brought by parties to the courts of law.

Composition: One Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices.

Qualifications
Must be a natural born Filipino citizen
At least 40 years old
15 years or more as a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines
Must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity and independence
Recommended by the Judicial and Bar Council

Tenure of Office
Members of the Supreme Court and judges of the lower courts shall enjoy their office during good behavior.
Members of the Supreme Court shall enjoy the position until they are removed from impeachment.
Hold office until they reach 70 years old or become incapacitated. Until dismissed by members of the SC
for probable cause.

Powers of the SC
Exercise original jurisdiction over cases involving ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and
over petitions for certiorari, mandamus, quo warranto, prohibition, and habeas corpus:
Certiorari – Special civil action requesting a lower court or body to transmit the records to the superior court
for review.
Prohibition – a written order by which a superior court commands a lower court to stop further proceeding.
Mandamus – Order by a superior court to a lower court to perform a certain act which it is bound to do so.
Quo Warranto – An action by the government to recover an office or franchise from an individual or
corporation usurping or unlawfully holding it.
Review judgment of lower courts. Cases involving constitutionality, legality of taxes, reclusion perpetua and
errors on questions of law.
Assignment of judges to the lower courts.
Order a change of venue for a trial.
Promulgate rules of court.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

Appoint officials of the judiciary and hire employees for the judicial branch.

The Philippine Court System

The first level courts consist of the Metropolitan Trial Courts based in Metro Manila; the Municipal Trial
Courts in Cities based in cities outside Metro Manila; Municipal Trial Courts which are all found in all
municipalities and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts is intended for two to three small municipalities that are too
small to have their own Municipal Trial Courts.
The second level courts are made up of Regional Trial Courts. There is one RTC for each of the 13 judicial
regions of the Philippines. The Court of Appeals is the second highest tribunal of the Philippines. It reviews
the decisions and final orders of all the RTC.
The Sandiganbayan is the present anti-graft court in the country (Article XI Section 4). The Shari’a
Courts are equivalent to the Municipal Circuit Trial Courts. They were established in certain
municipalities in Mindanao where the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines is being
enforced.
The Court of Tax Appeals is a special court mandated to address the appeals involving internal
revenue tax and customs cases.

PART 2. LEARNING TASK/S

Instruction: Compare and contrast the powers of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the
Philippine Government. Using the Venn Diagram below, first, identify the exclusive powers of A the
executive branch, B the legislative branch and C the judicial branch of the government. Next, identify the
powers that both A and B, B and C and C and A are responsible for. Finally, identify that power that is
common to all three branches of the government.

Compare and Contrast

 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

PREPARED BY:

ELIZA-MAE B. LANGUIAN
SUBJECT FOCAL PERSON
Name of Student: Ghimar Cuntapay Year/Section: HUMSS 11 BLOCK 1
Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance Teacher: Eliza-Mae B. Languian

MODULE No. 4
TITLE: Decentralization and Local Governance; Elections and Political Parties
OVERVIEW/ Decentralization focuses on the devolution of powers to specific local governmental
INTRODUCTION units covering a specific area.
A local government unit is a political subdivision of a nation or state which is
constituted by law and has substantial control of local affairs.
Suffrage is defined as the right and obligation to vote and be voted in public office.
Legal Basis – Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not
otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who
shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year and in the place
wherein they propose to vote for at least six months immediately preceding the
election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed
on the exercise of suffrage. (Art. V Sec. 1)
LEARNING the learners should be able to identify to identify the levels in local governance and
OBJECTIVE/S analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines
LEARNING expressing their ideas, thoughts and feelings through the activities present in the
OUTCOME/S module

PART 1. CONTENT AND DISCUSSION:

Decentralization and Local Governance

The local governance simply means the management of political, economic and administrative affairs of the
territorial and political subdivisions of the state.
It pertains to the activity by which local officials, implement goals and manage the resources of the local
and national governments.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

Aims of the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7610)

To transform LGUs into self-reliant communities and active partners in nation building by giving them more
powers, authority, responsibilities and resources.
Hopes to achieve economic development at the regional and local levels by giving more freedom in
carrying out their programs that are suitable for their areas.
Devolved functions to LGUs
Community-based forestry School building program Public works
Field health and hospital service Telecommunications Housing
Social welfare services Tourism and Investment support Agricultural extension

Devolved Regulatory Powers

Reclassification of agricultural Inspection of food products and Operation of tricycles
lands quarantine Processing and approval of
Enforcement of environmental Enforcement of national building subdivision plans
laws code Establishment of cockpits

Local Governance in the context of the 1991 Local Government Code (LGC) of the Philippines and
National-Local Government dynamics.
Composition of the Local Government
Province – intermediate unit providing supervision to the municipalities and component cities and under it
and performing services for the national government.
Cities and Municipalities – basic units of the local govt. delivering services for the people who live together
in a community.
Barangay – basic unit of government. Provides face to face interaction among the people.

Powers and Functions of Heads of Province, Municipalities, Cities and Barangays

Exercise general supervision and control over all programs and projects.
Enforce laws and ordinances.
Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, and apply the same to the implementation
of development plans, program objectives, and priorities.
Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as may be prescribed by law.

Elections and Political Parties

Views on Suffrage
A mere privilege – suffrage is not a natural right but merely a privilege to be given or withheld by law.
A political right – suffrage enables a citizen to participate in the process of government.
Scope of Suffrage
Election – means by which people choose their officials.
Plebiscite – the vote of the people of their choice for against a proposed law submitted to them.
Referendum – the submission of a law passed by the legislative body to the people for ratification or
rejection.
Initiative – a method in which people directly propose a law.
Recall – a method by which an elective local official may be removed from office during his tenure.
Qualifications in the Exercise of Suffrage Persons Disqualified to Vote
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

At least 18 years of age Those who have been sentenced to suffer

imprisonment for not less than one year.
Those who committed any crime involving disloyalty
to the government such as sedition and rebellion.
Those declared as insane or incompetent person.

The Commission on Elections usually abbreviated as COMELEC, is one of the three constitutional
commissions of the Philippines. Its principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative to
the conduct of elections in the Philippines.
Precinct Count Optical Scan or PCOS machine. It was first used in the 2010 national elections in
the Philippines.

Party System - It is referred to as the interaction of parties with each other.

Classifications
One Party System - Only one political party holds power either because it towers above the others or it
suppresses all other parties.
Two Party Systems- A systems where the major political parties alternate with each other in the exercise of
political power.
Multi-Party System - More than 2 political parties fight in an election, and no single party gets the majority
control of power.

The Philippines has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no one party often has a
chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments for
political expediency and convenience.

Five Major Political Parties in the Philippines

Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan or PDP-Laban
Nacionalista Party or NP
Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC
Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats or Lakas–CMD
((Partido Liberal or LP

Functions
Organize the Competition. Party exists primarily as an organizing mechanism to win elections and thus,
gain control of the government.
Unify the electorate.
Inspire and inform voters
Translate preferences into policy
Help govern.
Act as watchdogs

PART 2. LEARNING TASK/S

 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

Instruction: Make an evaluation of your local government either municipality or barangay regarding their
projects and how these projects help the community. * you can include the preventive measures of your
municipality or barangay in battling with the pandemic Covid 19.
Instruction: Answer the question below ; English ONLY; 50 -100 words.
"What are your thoughts about the relevance of elections in the political system of a certain
country?
1.Our barangay projects are drying pavements that can help the farmers to dry their rice and corns.
2.My thoughts about the relevance of elections in a certain country is good and bad ,it is good because
they gave rights to people,the rights to choose,and rights to vote,it is also bad because some political
systems uses money just to be elected in simple word it is "VOTE BUYING"

PREPARED BY
ELIZA-MAE B. LANGUIAN
SUBJECT FOCAL
Name of Student Ghimar Cuntapay Year/Section:HUMSS 11 BLOCK 1
Subject: Philippine Politics and Governance Teacher: Eliza-Mae B. Languian

MODULE No. 5
TITLE: Citizenship-in-Practice
OVERVIEW/ Citizenship as defined by scholars is the membership in a political community which
INTRODUCTION grants civil and political privileges. (Valenzuela, 2016).
One’s membership of the State allows certain privileges such as suffrage (right to
vote), right to marriage and the right to be elected.
Citizenship is both privilege and an opportunity.
Nationality is an ethnic or racial concept; it can be applied to the country where an
individual has been born.
Citizenship is a legal status, which means that an individual has been registered as a
citizen by the government of the respective country.
LEARNING The learner should be able to assess the various avenues for citizen participation
OBJECTIVE/S
LEARNING Completing the Venn Diagram and answering some related questions to elicit
OUTCOME/S students learning

PART 1. CONTENT AND DISCUSSION:

Filipino Citizenship
The ARTICLE IV of the 1987 Constitution has the following provisions;

SECTION 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:

(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;

(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching
the age of majority; and

(4) Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

SECTION 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to
perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect Philippine citizenship in
accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born citizens.

SECTION 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.

SECTION 4. Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by their act or
omission they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.

SECTION 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law.

Bases of acquiring Citizenship

The citizenship of the Philippines undergoes the 2 concepts- citizenship by birth (jus sanguini) and the
citizenship by place (jus locus). On the other hand, naturalization process is a legal process in perfecting
the citizenship. The process is based on the following: a. residency of 10 years; b. by marriage; c. by
considering and embracing Filipino culture and tradition. On the other hand, on January 17, 1973 there was
a change in the Constitution from 1935 to 1973 providing for a repatriation process to re acquire loss
citizenship.

Disqualifications on Filipino Citizenship

Based on the Commonwealth Act no. 473 stating the following:

Section 4. Who are disqualified. - The following cannot be naturalized as Philippine citizens:

Persons opposed to organized government or affiliated with any association or group of persons who
uphold and teach doctrines opposing all organized governments;

Persons defending or teaching the necessity or propriety of violence, personal assault, or assassination for
the success and predominance of their ideas;

Polygamists or believers in the practice of polygamy;

Persons convicted of crimes involving moral turpitude;

Persons suffering from mental alienation or incurable contagious diseases;

 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

Persons who, during the period of their residence in the Philippines, have not mingled socially with the
Filipinos, or who have not evinced a sincere desire to learn and embrace the customs, traditions, and ideals
of the Filipinos;

Citizens or subjects of nations with whom the United States and the Philippines are at war, during the
period of such war;

Citizens or subjects of a foreign country other than the United States whose laws do not grant Filipinos the
right to become naturalized citizens or subjects thereof.

Loss and Reacquisition of Philippine Citizenship

Commonwealth Act No. 63, dated 20 October 1936, provides that Philippine citizens may lose citizenship in
any of the following ways or events:

By naturalization in a foreign country;

By express renunciation of citizenship;

By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution or laws of a foreign

country upon attaining twenty-one years of age or more: Provided, however, that a Filipino
may not divest himself of Philippine citizenship in any manner while the Republic of the
Philippines is at war with any country.

By rendering services to, or accepting commission in, the armed forces of a foreign
country, and the taking of an oath of allegiance incident thereto, except in certain specified
cases;

By cancellation of the certificates of naturalization;

By having been declared by competent authority, a deserter of the Philippine armed forces
in time of war, unless subsequently, a plenary pardon or amnesty has been granted; and

In the case of a woman, upon her marriage to a foreigner if, by virtue of the laws in force
in her husband's country, she acquires his nationality.
Republic Act No. 9225, approved 29 August 2003, provided that natural-born citizens of the Philippines
who had lost their Philippine citizenship by reason of their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country
would be deemed to have re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon taking an oath of allegiance to the
Republic, that their children whether legitimate, illegitimate or adopted, below eighteen (18) years of age,
shall be deemed citizens of the Philippines, and that natural born citizens of the Philippines who become
citizens of a foreign country subsequent to its enactment would retain their Philippine citizenship upon
taking the oath.

Dual Citizenship – is the status of an individual who is a citizen of two or more nations.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
BALZAIN CAMPUS, TUGUEGARAO CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL “Kasama mo sa Iyong mga Pangarap

Philippine law now allows Filipinos who have become citizens of other countries to apply for dual citizenship
that is, they can reacquire Filipino citizenship while retaining their status as naturalized citizens of the
country which they live.

Immigration is the act of moving from one place from another, the act of immigrating, entering into a country
with the intention of residing in it. An immigrant is a person who moves into a country for the purpose of
permanent residence.

PART 2. LEARNING TASK/S

Instruction: Name as many as you can qualities and virtues you think are characteristics of a good
citizen.
The Good Citizen
Characteristics of a good citizen are, they should not believe in the other practices of other citizens and
the most important they should not change their citizenships.

1.2 Instruction: Answer the following questions; English ONLY; 50-100 words.
- Are you proud to be a Filipino Citizen? If given a chance to change your citizenship, will you continue it or
not? Why?
Yes, i am proud to be a filipino citizen,if i given a chance to change my citizenship I will not try to change my citizenship because
if you are proud to be a filipino you will not try to change your citizenship because if you change it maybe you will not familiar to
the practices of others.
PREPARED BY ELIZA-MAE B. LANGUIAN
SUBJECT FOCAL PERSON