REPORT ON HOUSING

CONSIDERING COVID-19
PANDEMIC
GROUP-B
ROLLS:
2016345002
2016345008
2016345010
2016345019
2016345025
2015345019
CONTENT LIST
PART 1:
Basic definition of housing
PART 2:
Housing: On basis of income group
PART 3:
Housing: On basis of Covid-19
PART 4:
Case Studies:
• Local case studies
1. Lower middle class
2. Higher middle class
• International case studies
• Housing after Covid-19
PART 5:
Report findings
PART-1
BASIC DEFINITION OF HOUSING
HOUSE & HOUSING
HOUSE is a built form constructed on land for security,
comfort, privacy etc. with due consideration of title or
lawful possession. The basic requirements of a house
are:
o INFRASTRUCTURE
o UTILITIES

HOUSING is a built form accommodating domestic

activities of men, with due consideration of external
environment conducive to such living. The three most
essential requirements of housing are:
o INFRASTRUCTURE
o UTILITIES (Water, Electricity, Sewerage)
o SERVICE AND AMENITIES

HOUSING is generally more expensive, extensive &

complex than HOUSE. With very few exceptions
housing includes multiple houses or accommodation.
House includes only the living facility of the family
whereas housing includes supporting, maintenance
and control mechanism. In housing there exists some
type of “group” or “semi-public” ownership in land,
common lobby, staircase etc. Housing is a vast subject
that includes procurement and development of land,
provisions of infrastructure, allocation of plots, real
estate management, finance, maintenance of public
interest and safety.
• COMPONENTS • IMPORTANCE OF HOUSING
• Land
• Infrastructure and utility services
• Building materials •Housing is not just a shelter as is one of the basic needs of
• Building design and technology human kind also is a financial investment.
• Housing finance
• Labour •It’s a significant component of the local, regional and
• Management national economy.
• Entrepreneurship
•Housing is a social priority as declared by the U.S.
Congress in 1949.

• FACTORS •Housing serves different age group specifically

depending upon their need.

•Family stability and childhood outcomes.

• Materials for construction
• Design of built form •Neighborhood quality and access to opportunity.
• Planning of the complex and surrounding
• Right of property •Neighborhood revitalization.
• Necessities
•Contribution to economic growth and stability.
• Services
HISTORY &
DEVELOPMENT
At the beginning of civilization, men used to
live in places like caves, tree tops etc. These
are natural shelters. Later, they created shelters
like a pit house, tents, enclosed spaces etc.
These shelters were as adobe with no question
of title or ownership.
As the time went by, they also attached the
question of ownership with their creations like
architectural design, built forms. At some point
it was discovered that in busy cities there was
ample need for additional accommodation,
and if such accommodation could be made
available and those could be rented by others.
The economic potentiality of additional
accommodation soon gave rise to a new trend
that we know as renting of accommodation. In
construction such accommodation, the owners
had to take into consideration the needs of the
probable users. At times owners construct
many houses in a large scale. Such activities
turned to what we know as housing.
STATE OF OWNER OR USER
CLASSIFICATION OF HOUSING
• INCOME LEVEL
o High income group ENTREPRENEUR FACTOR OF MOVE- VENUE OF
o Mid income group ABILITY CONSTRUCTION
o Low income group
• MARITAL STATUS • PUBLIC OR GOVERNMENT: Their • PERMANENT • ONE-SITE CONSTRUCTED
o Married objective is to solve housing BUILDING
o Bachelor problems and improve the • MOVABLE (House on
housing of the whole country. wheels or car-house, • FACTORY
• DEPENDING ON SEX Target group: all citizen, container house, boat MANUFACTURED
government personnel house) BUILDING
• FAMILY SIZE
o Single bedroom
o Two bedroom
AUTHORITY FOR RIGHT HEIGHT OF THE BUILT-
• NON GOVERNMENT
o Three bedroom and more ORGANIZATION (NGO): OF USE FORM
Objective is benevolent. Poor
• AGE GROUP
o Children’s home and destitute people are • SOLE OWNERSHIP • LOW RISE
target.
o Juvenile
• JOINT OWNERSHIP • MID RISE
o Old men: Elderly
• PRIVATE: • HIRE PURCHASE • HIGH RISE
• PHYSICAL AND PHYCOLOGICAL o Individual
SOUNDNESS o Cooperative group • SCHEME
o Housing for the
o Developer promoter MATERIALS OF
handicapped • ALLOTTER
o home for the lunatics CONSTRUCTION
• RENT PAYER
HOUSING TYPOLOGY
BUILDING FORM
HOUSE

BLOCK
HOUSING TYPOLOGY
BUILDING FORM
SHAPE
 Detached houses, one
HOUSING story,6 units per acre

TYPOLOGY
BUILDING ORIENTATION

Semi-detached
house,2 story,16 units
per acre

Row house,2 story,18

units per acre
 Row houses,2
BUILDING story,24 units per
Medium high-rise
apartments,35 units per

DENSITY acre acre,6 stories

Row houses Medium high rise

modified on city apartments,7 stories,55
blockes,38 units units per acre
per acre

Garden Twin tower apartments,12

apartments,36 units story,94 units per acre
per acre
HOUSING TYPOLOGY
STREET ARRANGEMENT
The Straight street A group around a green
`

The T-junction The Curved street

The Loop Cul-de-sac

HOUSING TYPOLOGY
BUILDING ORIENTATION
Orientation is the placement of a building or • Building grouping related to street • Rooms of a house should be oriented
apartment so that it may obtain the best keeping the sun path diagram in mind
advantages in relation to its physical location. The
major consideration of a building or dwelling units
are -

• Sunlight
• Winds
• Views
• Street

The following is a list of orientation

and their resulting effects.
1. South orientation.
2. East orientation.
3. southeast orientation.
4. southwest orientation.
5. west orientation.
6. north orientation.
HOUSING TYPOLOGY
BUILDING VENTILATION ACCORDING TO ORIENTATION
• Air space separation in face of • Air flow in checker • Air flow in grid-iron lay out • Cross ventilation may be
buildings board lay out obtained by placing
windows in opposite
corners of a room.

• Plan and cross section of the • Orientation influences for different types of housing buildings
buildings shows the impact of the
placement on the prevailing wind
PART-2
HOUSING:
ON BASIS OF INCOME GROUP
The population of Bangladesh is around 160 million with a birth rate
of 29 births/1000 population. Around 30 per cent of the population is
living in urban areas and by 2030 the rate of urbanization will results
around 40 per cent people to live in urban areas. With this rapid
growth in urban population, meeting the housing demand in the
urban areas is a critical challenge for Bangladesh.
The constitution of Bangladesh binds the Government to play an
effective role in ensuring Housing Rights to all as basic rights as a
citizen. Housing is one of the three basic primary needs of people,
and is as important as food and clothing. Shelter provides people
with security – a place of their own, an identity, a place to come
back to, a place to call home and a place have a family life. But
rapid urbanization (3.5% annual rate of change) and poor economy
followed by inequitable distribution of appropriate resources have
created serious housing shortage.
Income Range

Lower Lower Mid. Inc. Middle Income Higher Mid. Inc. Higher
Bangladesh 19.7 19.8 21.4 17.6 21.4
Bangladesh's Monthly Gross Income Range reached 164.0 USD Rural 32.7 28.1 22.7 11.2 5.3
or 13,954.0 BDT in Jun 2020, compared with 152.3 USD or Urban 6.8 11.7 20.1 24.0 37.4

12,948 BDT in Jun 2019. Divisions Lower Lower Mid. Inc. Middle Income Higher Mid. Inc. Higher
Barisal 22.09 21.74 19.04 14.76 22.38
Chittagong 28.70 17.48 20.36 16.76 16.70
Dhaka 12.41 18.71 24.84 20.25 23.78
Khulna 21.91 24.64 20.88 15.55 17.01
Rajshahi 18.20 15.41 15.13 19.13 32.13
Rangpur 42.75 25.13 15.71 10.46 5.95
Sylhet 20.52 19.30 22.63 16.46 21.10
Barisal 22.09 21.74 19.04 14.76 22.38
Reason of Lower Lower Mid. Inc. Middle Income Higher Mid. Inc. Higher
Migration
Marriage 29.5 26.3 19.1 12.4 12.7
Education 7.6 9.2 12.9 21.8 48.6
Employment/Bu 3.1 10.1 25.5 26.3 35.0
siness
In Search of 20.2 23.2 27.6 17.6 11.4
Work
Natural 51.3 26.7 14.4 6.2 1.3
Calamity
Family Quarrel 24.3 24.1 22.4 10.1 19.1
Tortured/Desert 34.9 9.5 31.7 4.8 19.0
ed by Spouse
Others 14.1 15.6 21.2 20.9 28.1
Percentage Share of Income of Households by Source of
Income at National

Gross domestic savings as percentage of GDP (GDS/GDP) and Gini

Coefficient

Savings pattern (gross domestic savings as percentage of GDP:

GDS/GDP)
Source of Income
Expenditure Analysis
Division Income Expenditure Consumption
Total (National) 11479 11479
Barishal Division 9158 9826
Chittagong Division 14092 14360
Dhaka Division 13226 11643
Khulna Division 9569 9304
Rajshahi Division 9342 9254
Rangpur Division 8359 8298
Migrants
Migrants
Housing
around 520sqft flat/apartment or 700sqft with
common space like community gathering Space at
not more than 1,500 BDT/sqft cost at Dhaka City.

Source:U.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD),affordable
housingishousingthatcostsnomorethan30%ofyourmedianfamilyincome.
Sense of Ownership
For successful Housing
 MINIMUM AREA
BEDROOMS
• For residential buildings one bedroom
must have an area of 9.5 sqm and a
minimum width of 2.5m.
• For other bedroom minimum area would
be 5 sqm and minimum width would be
2.0m.
• Room height must be 2.75 m.

KITCHEN
• Kitchen area must be have an area of
4.0 sqm , width 1.5 sqm , height of 2.75 m
• Maximum width of verandah would be
2.0m
Type of building Without sprinkler system(mm With sprinkler system(mm

TOILETS per head)

Stair Ramp & door

per head)

Stair Ramp & Door

• Toilet area including wc ,basin, shower corridor Corridor
will be minimum 2.75 sq.m and minimum
width 1.0m. Residential and 8 5 4 5 4 4
educational
• Toilet area including water closet ,basin
will be minimum 1.2 sq.m and minimum Health services 25 18 10 15 12 10
width 1.0m.
• Toilet area including shoer and basin will Regional building 10 7 5 7 5 5
be minimum 1.5sq.m and minimum width
1.0m.
• Bathroom’s minimum height would be
2.13m
Source: Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP) 1995-2015
MINIMUM AREA
COMMUNITY SPACE
• For residential area if total area is more then 3000 sq.m then 4% of the total
area should be left as community space and 10% area would be left as
playground.

BOUNDARY WALL
• height would not more then 3.0m
• 1.75m should be kept solid and in rest of the potion net could be used.

FIRE EXIT
• Lift should not be used as fire exit.
• Direction must be given towards fire exit.

STAIRCASE
Type of building Minimum width of
flight(m)
• Minimum height of staircase would be
A. Residential
2.10m.
• Minimum railing height would be .90m A1 single unit house 1
and maximum height of a riser would be
175mm and maximum width of a trade
A2 Apartments 1.5
would be 225mm.
• Minimum summation of riser and trade A3 low class house ***
would be 400mm.
• Depth of landing would be equal to the B. Educational 1.5
width of the flight. institutions
• Total steps of a flight must be within 20. C.Health Services 2
Source: Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP) 1995-2015
PART-3
Housing: On Basis Of Covid-19
Problems and solutions: Policies
• Least affordable housing • Public and subsidized housing
• Newly homeless people
• Recycling unused buildings for social and
• Unhygienic community low cost rental building
• Densely populated neighbourhood
• Adaptive reuse approach
• Increasing amount of rent
• Inadequate space for working • Housing proposal in sub-urban area
• Lack of open spaces
• Ventilation
• Lack of public interaction spaces

• In Melborne a building formerly housed as telephone exchange

and post office ,has been converted into apartment
• The Westward Ho building in Arizoana ,was a hotel for more than
50years before converted into a subsided housing .
• A former office building in Germany ,is being converted into
apartment housing
Design implementation

• Traditional courtyard based housing

• Flexible workspaces
• Adjustable facades
• Multifunctional room
• Ensuring proper ventilation
Life after coronavirus: how will the pandemic affect our
homes?

Life after the Covid-19 outbreak will never be the

same as before. We are at the beginning of the end,
waiting for a new beginning. Planet Earth will break its
cooperation agreement with mankind unless we
urgently revise our behaviour.

• Values will change,

• our lives and habits will change,

• and our homes will also change under that

influence.

With that in mind, here are seven predictions for the

changes that might occur.
Houses not apartments:
In times of pandemic, it is necessary to-

• reduce contact with everything : elevator, elevator buttons, door

handles, surfaces and, above all, neighbours.
• the primary function of the house safety.
• need a house effectively provide social isolation.
• house now offers a retreat from viruses and infections.
• Urbanisation takes a step back as we relocate to small villages and city
suburbs. Tennyson 205 by Studio Rick Joy

Bunkers better than open-plan:

• to survive a coming apocalypse — there was already a trend for
fortified buildings. But now expect trend to become more widespread.
• There will not only be a garage near the house, but also a hopper, or at
least a fortified "minus" floor with a pantry for food and water.
• goodbye to one of the main trends of recent years: open-plan spaces,
with the entrance, living room, dining space and kitchen united.
• the entrance area will be separated so that we can leave our shoes,
clothing and belongings on the street, rather than carry dirt into the
living quarters.
Self-sufficient power and water:
• buildings with their own water supply and heating.
• Geothermal wells are gaining popularity already
• addition to water, partially provide a home with heating.
• several other sources of heating to have as a safety net: a stove, a
fireplace, a solid fuel boiler, a fuel generator, solar panels.
• Autonomous mini-stations
• minimising risks in the case of a full shutdown.
• OneWeb and SpaceX were already planning to cover the entire planet
with this technology before the pandemic began.

Filtration and neutralization:

• if a virus gets into the water supply. To make sure, willing to pay for the
excavation, surveys and filtration systems needed to install a well.
• Manufacturers of smart home systems.
• programs will not only control the temperature of the air in the house, but also
its quality and, if necessary, they will automatically clean it.
• Air from the outside will of course be filtered.
• demanding families may also create a cleaning room featuring antiseptic
dispensers.
• homes equipped with a lamp that generates ultraviolet
radiation, which can kill some harmful organisms, viruses and
bacteria.

Home as the new office:

• More attention will be given to the arrangement of the
workplace at home.
• Spatial organisation will change, with the place to work at home
no longer a desk with a parody of an office chair and a lamp,
slotted somewhere in the corner of the living room or under the
stairs.
• Now it will be a completely separate room with large windows,
blackout curtains and comfortable furniture.
• It will be technically equipped and sound-insulated.

Urban farming goes global:

• used to be trendy to start small gardens near homes or on
balconies, but now it will be a boom.
• develop an underground basement with a garden, mini cheese
factory or a winery.
• need extra equipment here: artificial lighting, water and air
filtration, soil fertiliser.
Rejection of mass industry:
• The new world will be about things that matter. There will be
fewer objects and they will be chosen more responsibly.
• governments will have to maintain local manufacturers to
restore economic performance
“In future form will follow infection”

Michelle Ogundehin who has outlined 11 ways the pandemic will

impact the home.

The home played a pivotal role in the recent

global crisis:
• Covid-19 clarified that the contemporary paradigm of the
home, and crucially, how we live within it, must change if we are
to survive the next inter-pandemic phase — learning to live with
a virus in our midst.
• responses ranged from unduly romantic visions of a "great
correction" to reactive catastrophising with homes as isolationist
bunkers and the need for off-grid independence.
• A more pragmatic way forward is required.

• Less a 'new normal' on the horizon then, than a new 'counter-

normal'.
In the future home, form will follow infection. Herewith then 11
proposals for change:

Immunity boosting homes:

Indoor air can be up to 10 times more contaminated than that
outdoors due to the build-up of pollutants therein.

• Think paints off-gassing, toxins from common cleaning products,

fumes from petroleum-wax based candles or adhesives in new
carpets even before you factor in cigarette smoke, mould
spores, bacteria and viruses.
• , VOC-free paints and formaldehyde-free building materials ,
MDF should be banned.
• Air and water filtration but the minimum of a drinking water filter
jug and plenty of leafy houseplants.

Layout determined by need, not history:

Apparently 80 per cent of the homes we'll be living in by 2050 have
already been built.

• in a standard house, why are all bedrooms habitually placed

upstairs? A smaller darker downstairs room might be better fit for
purpose and a larger well-lit upstairs suite then released for living,
rather than sleep.
Survival of the most adaptable:
• in Japan, floor plans for new homes are seldom drawn with
furniture in situ
• rooms are intended to be multi-functional.
• In contrast, in the West, open-plan the layout of choice in pursuit
of flexibility.

Back to Basics:
• Japanese concept that may soon become a Western norm is
the concept of the Genkan.
• small indoor porch entry into the home proper,practical
gateway to good indoor hygiene.
Oxnard Beach House by Montalba Architects
• a different flooring finish to the rest of the home
• naturally antibacterial surfaces like cork and copper, a small
shelf for some hand sanitiser, and the pre-hallway lobby as
decontamination
Smart not sterile:
• The importance of being surrounded by objects, furnishings,
finishes and materials that have personal meaning brings its own
boosts to wellbeing.
• Decoration can still be full-on and fun
• possibilities for touchless tech, handle-less doors and knee-
operated sinks
• Regular wipe-downs, good basic cleanliness and soap
dispensers by every tap will suffice.

Living rooms for active rest and play:

• an engaged use of downtime that naturally counteracts stress
and supports resilience and good immune function.
• re-focus on home zone to help the continuation of such healthy
habits.
• no fancy gyms or expensive kit required, just a Smart TV to tap
into the wealth of online classes and enough space in front of
the sofa to stretch your arms or lay a yoga mat.
• increased acceptability for WFH will be the provision of more
time to enjoy such activity.
• Far from lacking space, most of us simply have too much stuff.
The anti-trophy kitchen:
• the trend for multi-functional kitchens flowing unbounded into
our living areas will be reversed.
• It's time for a move towards kitchens as the engine of the home,
not heart.

Not a return to back-of-house status, just an acknowledgement that

their intended purpose is the storage of real food (i.e. the sort that
goes off if not refrigerated), and the creation of healthy meals, one
of the greatest preventative medicines available, with no side
effects.

Home as wealth hub:

• more freed-up space will contribute to the provision of a
den/study with a door, preferably sound-proofed, to better
enable working from home, as well as the aforementioned need
for retreat.
• A priority for the design industry then must be home-worthy
standing desks (to encourage movement) and more attractive
lumbar supportive chairs.
The revival of forgotten rooms:
• Libraries, larders, utility and morning rooms.
• libraries and morning rooms — only if space allows for such a
luxurious mode of escape.
• larders will be squeezed into even the smallest of
• Utility areas will be

Human-centric homes:
• The design ethos of biophilia, meaning a love of nature, has
already entered the mainstream
• The abundant use of natural materials or its simulation via colour,
texture and form, make up the core of the approach with
proven benefits for wellbeing.
• a degree of communal green space per new home built should
now be mandated, and standards regarding the balance of
indoor vs outdoor square footage revised.
• private garden versus holed up in an urban tenement block.
Creating open/ recreational space within build form -
Even a balcony would make a huge difference. Balconies
Spaces for living, not speculation:
• must move towards the development of mixed-model home
units that tap into shared ownership of resources from utilities
and sports facilities to outside space and childcare.
• time to solidify community and come together, not fracture
apart.
• flexibility is key.
• subscription model would deliberately encompass couples and
families as well as footloose singletons, and work to alleviate the
social isolation and loneliness that's become so common among
new mums, teenagers, single parents to retirees.
Digital technology essential to success of co-living

Digital platforms can help challenge the entire housing industry of

today

the housing debate is currently narrowly focused on finding ways to

build more homes

Sharing economy lays foundations for co-living:

• digital technology can transform the design, construction and
management of co-living developments.
• Technology can help enable shared living
• the design and construction industries, a wave of new tools and
opportunities are also in the making.

Digital apps support shared living:

• blockchain technology offers a new way to design and produce
contracts, while the "makerspace and fab lab movement" could
pave the way for more local, custom-made forms of production.
Borigo, which encourages people living in shared housing to
communicate, and Omni, a three-app platform that enables a
sharing economy for occasionally used possessions such as bicycles
and vacuum cleaners.

It suggests that digital platforms and devices can transform the

design, construction and management of co-living developments

• technologies have the potential to completely disrupt the

housing market
• Viewed together, the list of new tools and digital services can
change the design, planning and operation of communities –
and can be used to develop more shared living projects
• need to push the technologies and their applications forward in
the world of finance, design, construction and operations, as
well as potential communities in the making.
Cities must double in capacity by 2050:
• the world's cities need to almost double in size to accommodate
the influx of people expected by 2050 – more than 2.5 billion are
predicted.

Designers increasingly promoting co-living:

• Space10 was set up in 2015 as an offshoot of IKEA, to research
how people will live in cities in the future
• the studio has released a range of innovative projects, from
futuristic food to a vision for mobile facilities.
• It is not the only design studio promoting shared living. Studio
Weave recently authored a publication revealing that the
model can appeal to a wide range of demographics, while
Architizer co-founder Matthias Hollwich is promoting co-living as
a project by Eindhoven University of Technology to 3D print housing for
a new approach to retirement. rent
Post-COVID-19 house

Emerging Architects Studio shares how they felt the need to look into
the behavior of Filipinos while on lockdown and further on what they
can do to assist in the betterment of spaces after the pandemic.

• The proposed structure ideally sits on a 320-square meter lot,

divided into a 120-square meter two-story main house and a 40-
square meter one-story auxiliary house.

• the spaces on the ground floor can functionally perform as a

home
• entire design incorporates adaptive ventilation, which aids in
controlling the flow of air inside the home.

“Most of our team’s proposed design ideas came from personal experiences in
our respective homes. Some came from our observations made online from
experiences shared by families, friends, colleagues, and acquaintances,” the
studio shares.
• Materials and finishes of the proposed design will mostly be
non-porous and organic
• specified linoleum for the flooring, which is a resilient type of
flooring material with a self-sanitizing quality.
• the use of concrete and terrazzo will be implemented.
• “compared to carpets, tiles, and wooden floorboards,
concrete works better
• the type and concentration of pathogens and the medium
they are in, brass kills these microorganisms within a few
minutes to hours of contact.
• Copper, which is brass made together with zinc, is biostatic
and has natural properties that destroy a wide range of
microorganisms. “Our team believes that the general public must be informed of the
• non-porous and organic materials will inevitably be present basic concept of cross-ventilation and how any household may be
able to achieve it through simple and uncomplicated means,” EASt
in their proposed homes. shares.
Life in small spaces after the pandemic:
• a layout for a post-COVID-19 22-square meter space.
• identified how this scheme can be applied to small and narrow
spaces

• The unit holds smaller but the same features: a sanitation station;
a foyer; a convertible area that can be used as an office, gym,
or second sleeping space; and a garden to plant on.
• depend on the users’ preferences and capabilities, our team
believes that creating or setting-up an area for sanitation upon
entry should be given higher priority.

• intervention serves as the users’ first line of defense before

entering the house
• the mental health of the users top priorities.
• Natural light and ventilation

“We wanted to propose design ideas which do not require considerable expenses, or though would require one,
but are design ideas of greater worth,” Emerging Architect Studio says.
Housing after coronavirus should feature bigger spaces and
more balconies
Coronavirus will lead to "value shift" in housing design according to
architect Alison Brooks, who rejected the trend for micro-homes
because "nobody wants less space".

• "think a lot harder" about amenities such as balconies and

terraces.
• re-evaluation of how homes are designed.
• think a lot harder about whether amenity space like balconies
and terraces or French doors on to Juliet balconies
• generous adaptable places that people can rent or
• the trend for housing developments featuring extremely small
units a solution to the housing crisis n cities such as London and
New York.
• the tiny-house model has been used to max out a site in terms of
density and maximize the revenue and not provide the kind of
spaces that people can stay in for a long time

Housing projects by Brooks include the Cadence

tower at London's King's Cross
Changes in building materials:

It is observed that as soon as coronavirus reach surfaces, such

as walls, clothing, furniture, or other objects, the virus behaves
differently depending on the type of surface it lands on.

• surfaces will be covered with materials that prevent the

proliferation of diseases

• design will be oriented towards eliminating risks of

transmission.

• thinking about self-cleaning materials, which can react

to viruses and bacteria by killing them automatically,

The Sars-Cov-2 remains alive on plastic and stainless-steel surfaces for about 72 hours. On
copper surfaces, however, the virus behaves differently, dying after 4 hours. On
cardboard surfaces, the virus remains alive for about 24 hours.
Create provision for isolation rooms within the house:

In the current pandemic situation houses served as a media to stay

safe from mass contamination. People will COVID symptoms were
treated at house first and then in hospitals or in other health
institutions. But there was a risk of spreading disease to the other
family members. An insolation room can be a smart solution to such
problem.

• home will have provisions for isolation room within the house.

• It will serve as a multipurpose space and can be used as an

isolation chamber during emergency

• This will also prevent the diseases from spreading to the other
members of the family and ensure safety and security of the
residents.
Mixed use housing building & zoning

Single zone:
single zoned neighborhood uses are separated from each other.one
building has one separate motive to
work an dedicated for one specific work.

Mixed zone:
Mixed zone neighborhood uses are adjacent and connected,
reducing
the overall footprint
• Mixes use compact neighborhood uses are mixed with their
• separate works
• unused ground floor is activated, it can be used as social space
• overall footprint and building heights can be reduced
• additional public space can be created in a vertical fashion
• Adding/ Replacement of lifts, renovation of access halls,
residence lobbies.
Effective housing policies for the urban poor

Affordable Social Rental Housing:

When the lockdown was first announced in March thousands of
migrant workers and the urban poor, most of them employed in the
informal sector, were left in the lurch with no work and no wages to
support their food and housing expenses. Further, about 70 percent
of the rental housing of the urban poor is informal, making them
vulnerable to evictions. Private entities in India that run pay-as-you-
go hostels for temporary and seasonal migrants face many hurdles
in running their business, including high tariffs for electricity and
water, prohibitive costs of leasing properties and a lack of support
from financial institutions. As part of their efforts to extend affordable
rental accommodation, the government must assist such entities in
many ways, such as according infrastructure status to avail tax
concessions and extending grants under the Affordable Housing in
Partnerships plan. In response India, the finance minister announced
an affordable rental housing scheme for the urban poor and
migrant workers under the PMAY—government-funded homes. It
can be applied in our country too.
Re-imagining slums post COVID-19:

• Slums must be comprehensively and inclusively dealt with from

the planning, livelihoods, financial and climate aspects. What will
be the priority tasks within these pillars for reimagining slums?

• Is uncompromised urban planning, and in turn providing

housing, in informal settlements and slum formations possible in
high density areas? Should rental and affordable housing be
replacing concepts like free housing for the poor?

• Retaining livelihoods and community well-being is an integral

part of habitation planning. How do we achieve these targets
along with rehabilitation that is financially feasible?
Designing Senior Housing for Safe Interaction

The Role of Architecture in Fighting

COVID-19:
Being able to share space together, to affirm our
humanity as well as our safety is critical to the protection
and wellbeing of older adults. Early on in the COVID-19
pandemic, it became clear that the virus was
disproportionately affecting older adults. In the US, as of
June 10th, people 65 years or older represented 45% of
COVID-19 hospitalizations, 53% of intensive care unit
admissions and 80% of all deaths from COVID-19.
Statistics show that 45% of deaths are from people living
in nursing homes or assisted living centers.

For seniors, mitigating the risks of COVID-19 has much to

do with where they live. A small share, 3%, live in nursing
homes with round-the-clock care; people living in this
institutional model have been particularly affected by
COVID-19 because of their greater susceptibility to the
illness and contagion risks in shared spaces.
Defining Thresholds:
• While senior housing varies widely, all homes encompass the private
and public.

• The space between public and private is often conceived of as a

two dimensional line when it is in

• The following prompts will help residents, property managers, and

visitors determine where each threshold lies and key factors to be
aware of to maintain infection control.

• Thresholds Bedroom With the introduction of protocols for cleaning,

donning and doffing, and other principles in infection control,

• this threshold can occur at different points along the spectrum

expanding areas that are deemed “clean” or “dirty” to allow for
increased social interaction and autonomy.

• Prior to COVID-19, most housing types had weakly defined

thresholds for the transition to public and private.

• The threshold between “clean” and “dirty” can, in the context of

COVID-19, become an undefined no man’s land.
Case Study: Senior Affordable Housing:
Senior affordable housing comes in many forms. As a
case study to apply lessons learned and guidelines for
infection control we have selected a multi-family
affordable housing project for older adults. This example
building is multi-storied with a double loaded corridor
located in the eastern United States. The study assumes
that some basic services are provided to residents but
most care is delivered through home health aides or other
vendors. We will break down each zone of the public to
private spectrum and identify specific applications of
each of the principles.

These diagrams depict the thresholds of public and

private or “clean” and “dirty” that exist in housing that
need to be reexamined to improve infection control and
social interaction for residents.
Strategies for the Public Realm: Strategies for the Semi-Public Realm:
Strategies for the Semi-Private Realm:
Housing design app to transform construction

In order to assist the city of London and encourage

constructions after Covid-19, the Mayor of London, with
tech-led design practice Bryden Wood and leading
residential consultancy Cast, have launched a new
version of the housing design app PRiSM. Using the latest
digital technology and data to help design and build
manufactured homes, the freely available application will
allow users to share expertise and use technology to
transform the design process and get the city building the
homes Londoners need.

The app is a ground-breaking solution to housing design

which will help encourage the use of new modern
methods of construction across the capital. This open-
source programme shows the huge potential of digital
innovation in housing and can play a key role in getting
our city building again, despite the challenges posed by
the pandemic.
The audience for the app is very broad. Developers are using it to
assess initial feasibility of PMH for their sites. Designers are using it
to understand the potential for manufacturing
systems. Manufacturers are exploring it as a design tool. And
local authorities are applying it to standardise their estates.

Combining the Mayor of London’s spatial planning rules with

housing manufacturers’ expertise, the design app will “allow
architects, planners, and developers to assess very quickly the
viability of developing a site for modern methods of
construction, using multiple permutations of housing type and
size”. Finally, “homes built using modern methods of
construction can be constructed twice as fast as conventional
developments and to higher quality standards”.
PART-4
CASE STUDIES:
LOCAL (LOWER MIDDLE CLASS)
TALTOLA GOVERNMENT COLONY
Location: Sher-E-Banglanagar, Agargoan, Dhaka

Social analysis:
2nd, 3rd,4th class government employee
No of population: 3450 apx
Max no of family member: 6
For whom: Governmental employee

Architectural Analysis:
Area: 2.4 Acre
Storey: 6 storied
Unit: 576 housing units are designed as 3
groups
SATELITE IMAGE OF
Plan analysis: Master plan TALTOLA GOVERNMENT COLONY
2nd class unit
• 1 master bed with attached toilet &
verandah
• 1 common toilet
3rd & 4th class unit:
• 1 bed with verandah
• 1 kitchen
• 1 dining
• 1 drawing
• 1 toilet
• 1 bath
Site surroundings:

Agargoan colony school

Dhaka mahila polytechnic
institute

Abhawa bhaban

IDB bhaban
Islamic foundation

LGED
Dept of Archeology
Sher-E-Bhaban Government
Boys‟ High School
Rokeya Sharani
Shymoli
Sher-E-Banglanagar
Agricultural university
Bongobondhu Conference
centre
Shishu mela
Kidney hospital
Sohrowardi medical
college

Bird‟s eye view

Taltola government colony

 Unit Distribution
 Function arrangement of 4th class unit

Legend

Bed room

Verandah

 Function arrangement of 2nd & 3rd class unit Drawing

Kitchen
Legend
Toilet
Bed room
Dining
Verandah

Drawing
Kitchen

Toilet
4th class unit plan
Dining

2nd & 3rd class unit plan

Bed room kitchen toilet

Bed room kitchen Common space
T & T COLONY
Location: Tejgoan Industrial Area, Dhaka

Social analysis:
Class: 4th class govt. employees‟ colony
No. of population: approximate 1200
Max. no. family member: 6 persons

Architectural analysis:
- 2 units per floor
-4 storied
-2 Bed rooms
-1 kitchen
-1 toilet
- common space T & T Colony Bed room

kitchen
Common space

toilet

Bed room

Bed room

ver ver

Bird‟s eye view kitchen

 Taz
Site surroundings:

Shah id Tajuddin Ahmed SharaniShahid Tazuddin

Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed SharanShahid

Government buildings Semi Government Buildings

i
STUFF QUARTERS OF
TELE COM LT.

Plan
NAKHALPARA HOSSAIN ALI
HIGH SCHOOL

BANGLADESH AUTOMATIC MAIL STUFF QUARTERS OF SHAHID MONUMIA SECONDARY

PROCESSING CENTRE B.G. PRESS SCHOOL
BG PRESS COLONY
Location: Tejgaon, Dhaka

Social analysis:
4th class government employee
No of population: 2000 apx
Max no of family member: 5
Type of colony: A type colony
For whom: industry worker, drivers.
clerks, guards etc.

Architectural:
Plan analysis: 9‟2”x 10‟ and 7‟ x 10‟4” SATELITE IMAGE OF
Verandah: 2‟7” x 10‟4” BG PRESS COLONY
Toilet: 5‟7” x 4‟7”
Common space: 5‟x 8‟4”

Typical floor plan of six unit building

 Surrounding Area:

Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed SharaniShahid Tazuddin Road

AARONG CENTER

Bed room

Verandah

Common space
Kitchen

Toilet

BED ROOM
SHAHID MONUMIA
STUFF QUARTER OF TELE.COM SECONDARY SCHOOL

BANGLADESH
SLUM AREA NEAR RAIL LINE SQUARE Pharmaceuticals VERANDAH KITCHEN
AUTOMATIC MAIL
PROCESSING CENTRE
RAILWAY COLONY
Location: Tejturi bazar, Dhaka
Social analysis: SITE SURROUNDINGS:-
Class: 4th class govt. employees‟ colony
No. of population: approximate 4000
Max. no. family member: 7 person.

•HAVE OWN WATER SUPPLY

Architectural analysis: SYSTEM.
- 1 units per floor • URBAN SERVICES ARE EASILY
-1 storied AVAILABLE.
-1 Bed rooms • UNHEALTHY ENVIRONMENT.
-1 kitchen • LACK OF SOCIAL SECUIRITY.
-1 toilet
- common space TOTAL HOME 999
GOVT. PERMITED 386
HOME
UNAUTHOARIZED 613
HOME
Housing Layout:

Legends:
Private
Semi-public
Service

•200 sft.
•1 bed room
S TYPE •1 kitchen
•1 toilet

•400sft.
•600sft.
•1 bed room
•2bed room.
•Dining room
•Living room
• kitchen
•Kitchen
•1 toilet
Ns TYPE. •1 toilet. A TYPE. •corridor
•Back yard
PART-4
CASE STUDIES:
LOCAL (HIGHER MIDDLE CLASS)
AZIMPUR GOVERNMENTAL HOUSING AREA
Location: Azimpur, Dhaka

Social analysis:
Class: first govt multi-storey walk-up residential flats housing project
for the middle and higher-middle income govt officers (E & F Type
flats) & middle & lower-middle income government servants (C & D
Type flats)

Architectural Analysis:
Area:
Region A: 23.64 acres. (782 flats)
Old: 37 buildings,600 flats (33 with 850 sq ft. flat and 4 with 1000 sq ft.
Flat)
New: 18 buildings,182 flats (170 with 800sq ft & 12 with 550 sq ft flat)
Region B: 4.08 acres. (164 flats)
Old: 6 buildings,96 flats (850sft. 4-storied C type)
New: 6 buildings, 68 flats (2 with 800sqft. & 4 with 550sfqt flats)
Region C: 2.82 acres. (100 flats)
Old: 6 buildings(5 with 850 sq ft & 1 with 600 sq ft. Flat) 4- storied
Region D: 46.00 acres. (460 flats)
Old: 30 buildings,240 flats (1531sft-1784sft. E- type & F type flat,4-
storied)
New: 22 buildings,220 flats (1000 sq ft/ flat,5-storied)
Region E: 2.70 acres.
Plan (construction hasn‟t started): 5-storied buildings (600 sqft
flats),3000 flats scheme
Region F: 5.39 acres
Program: 3000 flats,5-storied buildings
Region G: 1 acre. (50 flats)
Program: 3 buildings,30 flats (1250sft/ flat, 5-storied) & 2 buildings, 10
lats each (1500sft/ flat, 5-storied)
Chronological development of the colony:
LAKE CITY CONCORD
Location: Khilkhet, Dhaka

Social analysis:
Class: Upper middle income group (Private real estate)
Architectural Analysis:
Area: 19 acres (7.6 hector), 2184 apartment units
Storey: 16 storied, 14 high-rise buildings
Unit: (gross dwelling unit density) 287.36 dwelling
unit/ha (1000 to 1155 sqft each flat for upper middle
income group)
For Low-middle income family: “Rupali” building
type-R5
Unit: (each floor)17 numbers of units, (590-600) sq. ft.
Planning analysis:
• 1 bedroom
• 1 kitchen
• 1 toilet
• 1 dining cum living
• The ground coverage of the R5 building =
10533.50 sq. ft. / floor
• Number of floor = 16
• Total built up area = (10533.50 x 16) sq. ft. = 168536
sq. ft.
 Building Material and Construction Technique: Reinforced Concrete Brick Masonry

Concrete Hollow Blocks Concrete Hollow Blocks are used on the Roof

From the data it is found that the minimum construction cost by using R.C.C. frame
with solid burnt clay brick is about 930 Tk. / sq. ft. and by using concrete hollow blocks
on walls, roof and floors, it is about 701 Tk. / sq. ft. The cost-efficiency of ―Lake City‖
housing project is shown below:

Fig: Comparative Analysis of

Cost between R.C.C. Frame
with Solid Burnt Clay Brick and
Reinforced Concrete Brick
Masonry (RCBM)
F
S.W.O.T Analysis:
Strengths:
The target group was all three
segments of middle income
including the low-middle income
segment.
By using RCBM method the
construction cost for this project
was reduced about 20%.

Weaknesses:
High land price and profit
deviated from the target group
and now affordable mostly to
High Income and Upper Middle
Income Groups.
All components of housing
affordability were not considered
at a time.

Opportunities:
Had the developer not being this
much profit oriented then the
project could have served the
target group.

Threats:
Demand being high it did not filter
down to the middle-middle and
low-middle income families.
Taking as example many other
projects may follow the same
path.
HOUSING FOR THE STAFF OF SYLHET GAS FIELDS LIMITED
LOCATION: Srimangal, Sylhet

Social analysis:
1st,2nd class
employees (upper
middle income
group)

Architectural
Analysis:
Area: 2.4 Acre
PART-4
CASE STUDIES:
INTERNATIONAL
CIDCO HOUSING
LOCATION: Kalamboli, New Bombay

Area: 1137 housing units were

designed as a group housing in 35
acres .

Architect: Raj Rewal

High school
Market
Traditional Morphology:

 Urban Fabric
 Clusters
 Courtyards
 Streets
 Gateways
 Roof terraces
The aim was to create an urban pattern of low rise high density based on a
sequence of open spaces linked by shaded pedestrian pathways.

The design centers around the basic ground floor dwelling unit which can
be expanded over time. A hierarchy of built spaces lead from the cluster to
the neighborhood, with deliberately segregated pedestrian and vehicular
movement patterns.

The streets are consciously broken up into visually comprehensible units,

often with gateways, so there are pauses, point of rest and changing vistas.
The concept is based on a sequence of open spaces, interlinked with
narrow pedestrian streets shaded and kept alive through a careful mix with
recreational and communal area.
The joining together of several buildings, which retain their identity yet form
a cohesive cluster, is an enduring vernacular tradition within the Indian
subcontinent.
The creation of traditional narrow streets, linking all the housing units,
provides for intimate encounters between people and a sense of belonging
to the neighbourhood square.
Service and social infrastructure are to represent the focal points of the
settlement. A number of neighborhoods around a central node of social
and cultural amenities form the basis for the settlement pattern.
Well defined community spaces is an integral
Part of the housing. The interlocking courtyards with their varying scales
accommodate different functions, where people congregate.

Closely – knit courtyards and terraces on several levels, exhibit the principle
of creating a micro climate, free form dust, heat and sandstorms.
Courtyards are protected by external walls and verandahs, or are defined
by rooms, and act as light and air wells in which cool night air is trapped.
ARANYA HOUSING
LOCATION: 6 kilometers from Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Area:60,000 in 6500 dwellings, on
a net planning area of 85
hectares.

Architect: Balkrishna V. Doshi

Indore is a commercial city with an
acute housing shortage. Its many slum
settlements are unplanned , crowded,
consisting of clusters of huts forming
neighborhoods with small shops and
streets that accommodate various
social, economic and domestic
activities.
The ideological basis for planning
Aranya has been following:
• Vitality
•Image ability
•Equity
•Efficiency
•Flexibility
• Feasibility

The master plan, prepared by the

Vastu-Shilpa Foundation in 1983, is
designed around a central spine
comprising the business district. Six
sectors, each with populations of 7000-
12,000, lie to the east and west of the
spine and are diagonally bisected by
linear parks. Ten houses, each with a
courtyard at the back, form a cluster
that opens onto a street.
•The poorest group are located 8 Different Units
in the middle of each sector ,
higher income plots are along
the periphery and the central
spine of the settlement. .
•Different income groups has
variety of site and service options
that can accommodate the
financial resources of such a
mixed community.
•The designer designed 8
different available options
according to the individual
needs and resources.
•Owners were free to use any
material for their house
construction and decoration,
brick, stone, and cement are all
available locally.
SERVICE: Every 20 houses are
connected to one septic tank.
Three reservoirs each serving two
sectors , total serving 6 six sectors,
were built at the high points of
each and interconnected to
provide water for entire area. Master plan
Over load electricity distribution
was installed for the higher and
middle income groups , and an
underground network was
installed for the lower income
areas.
LEGEND
•Lower income
•Middle income
•Higher income
 LEGEND
•Pedestrian walkways •COMMUNICATION NETWORK :
•Community spaces
Residential clusters that open
on to a street are comprised of
ten houses ,each with a rear
. courtyard for use as a play and
service area . Open spaces
and pedestrian pathways
intersect and connect the
clusters to the central spines.
Internal streets and squares
are paved, and the major
roads and arteries that link the
Master plan Communication network
town centre to the other parts
of Aranya are tarred.
•Master plan with interlinked Hierarchy of open spaces
open spaces, built form
variations, distributed
amenities, road network
hierarchies and climate friendly
orientations.
•Main activity spine in the
center.
•Open space are interlined to
form a pedestrian network
connecting the whole
settlement.

Hierarchy of roads Central spine

MHADA HOUSING
LOCATION: Mumbai, India

Higher-middle to middle income level

• High density housing in the heart of Mumbai that is a transit
camps for old building
• Transitory accommodation
• Such small units to provide elevators, so that the units were
arranged in clusterized form
• 2 sequences of the buildings are facing each other so that
common elevator can be provided, that‟s how the extra cost is
reduced.
• Clusterized spaces are used as community space,the space is
called welfare hall.
• Stairs are placed between the blocks to ensure the floe of the
air.
TARA HOUSING
LOCATION: New Delhi, India

• Tara Apartment is a group housing project commissioned by Tara

Cooperative Society, the first housing project in Delhi.
• The concept was introduced to rehabilitate the 1947 partition
affected people who had nowhere to settle down after their
retirement from their professional lives.
• The famous architect Charles Correa was roped in to design a
unique architectural concept.
• Tara housing group has more than 125 units and 375 persons per
hectare.
• The Tara pays deeply attention to the inner activities which are
almost happen in the central garden and leave the interaction of
traffic behind a wall.
• Location: New Delhi, India. The project is located along Guru
Ravidas Marg Street which leads to two big residential areas in the
North and the South.
CONCEPT:
• A creative vernacular typology in terms of
arranging and piling the singular flat into united
blocks.
• They provide thermal relief to inhabitants during the
harsh summer sun, with big overhangs over the units
and a central garden, allowing infiltration of ample
light within the units while preventing high
temperatures.
• By separating the outside world and providing an
interior garden, the building preserves the private life
of families within.
• Only pedestrians are allowed to enter the housing
group and the parking lot features in the back of the
building.
• The project takes big advantages from natural
resources like lighting and ventilation and all families
share these features equally.
• Indian architectural elements are illustratred with
the use of concrete bands ,panels of exposed brick,
portals , overhangs and shape edges.
• 125 units per hectares,160 narrow 4-storied units
stepped back in the section so that the roof of the
lower ones form terraces for those upper level.
• 2 rows providing central circulation and
community facility space.
• 2 bedroom flats: 84 sqm & 3m wide,6m high,15m
long.
• 3 bedroom flats: 130sqm,interlocked in a "L"
shape.Each unit has 10sqm of open to sky terrace.
SITE EVALUATION:
•The building turns its back on the street to
prevent noise, dust from the high flow vehicles.
•Being staked as a row, central garden, big
overhangs and sharp edges, all give these
buildings a sense of Indian characteristic under
hot sun, full of light without suffering from high
temperature.
BUILDING:
• The duplex units are accessed either at ground floor or second floor
levels by outdoor stair cases.
• Two kinds of flat: two-bedroom flats- 84 sq. m(3 m wide, 6 m high
with two floors and 15 m long, three-bedroom flats -130 sq. m.
• Each unit is provided an open terrace which is protected by a
pergola and big overhangs.
• Two sides of the project are connected by staircases.
EVALUATION: DWELLING :
• The concept of building allows people to access directly to the • The dwellings are grouped into some small and medium blocks. Some blocks
interior garden. are assembled only by two-bedroom flat, some are combined between two-
• Everyone also has their own open-to- sky terraces with full filled bedroom type and three-bedroom type. It creates the diversity of form but still
shadow. maintains the logic of dwellings‟ functions.
• By taking advantages of sun, wind directions and open spaces, • There are just 16 three- bedroom flats so that it is not sufficient for families
hence lighting access and ventilation to each dwelling are which have more than 4 members.
maximized.
TWO BEDROOM TYPE: THREE BEDROOM TYPE:
•The complex is formed due to the combination between pairs •In the shape of “L”, this type seems to be difficult to attach in the middle of a
of accommodation units. cluster and all of them are located in the outer-most.
•The second floor which is larger than the ground one with a
big overhang that rises further approximately 6 m gives the
mixture between shadow and light.
• The duplex above is also push back hence front of the below
one is protected too.
•In that way, the whole central garden is full filled with shadow.
PART-4
CASE STUDIES:
HOUSING AFTER COVID-19
STUDIO BELEM RETHINKS TRADITIONAL HOUSING FOR CHANGING LIFESTYLES POST COVID-19

Home view Courtyard view Plaza view

Under COVID-19 lockdown, the disconnect between cities and nature is also becoming more apparent and leading many to advocate for an „urban exodus‟ to
return to a life in harmony with the environment. Lifestyles are evolving, reinventing themselves and leaving old patterns behind. These new attitudes and new
households (blended families, roommates etc) inspired studio BELEM to design aula modula.
aula modula frees itself from the standards and codes of traditional housing and rethinks the pre-established functions of a home. it allows us to be free and
flexible enough to sustainably support these societal changes. aula modula brings a natural environment back to the city, promoting new commonly shared
spaces and social interactions between its residents.
Terrace floor plan Ground floor plan

The project redefines the living spaces of housing, and allows its residents to be creative. It also provides workspaces to each apartment. These individual home offices are all facing the
common courtyard and have direct access to collective terraces that promote social and professional interactions between residents and workers.
The project promotes an evolutionary architectural aspect and a simple, low-tech post and beam construction using locally sourced materials. The design also includes various features to
ensure good management of the resources and available energy. These include, but are not limited to: green spaces to promote biodiversity as well as the natural ventilation of the place,
wastewater reuse for green roofs, responsible waste management, and recovering thermal energy from the building to heat a seedling greenhouse that will feed the residents’ crops.
Finally, the project is open to shops and programming, allowing residents to respond to
these new collective narratives. The global surface of the project is fragmented on the
upper floors to create a succession of wide, well-oriented, south-facing terraces. They
host collective gardens and outdoor spaces.

Section
Living modules
Different variations for
different households
SELF-SUFFICIENT CITY FOR POST-CORONAVIRUS BY VICENTE GUALLART, CHINA

Guallart architects designed of a mixed-

use community in xiong'an, china, defining
an urban model that merges the
traditional european urban blocks, the
chinese modern towers, and the
productive farming landscape.

The four blocks, that will be built using mass

timber and passive design solutions will
have a mix-use program including
apartments, residences for young and old
people, offices, swimming pools, shops,
food markets, kindergarten, an
administrative center, and a fire station
among other facilities.

All buildings will be covered by

greenhouses that will allow them to
produce food for daily consumption and
use their sloping roofs to produce energy.
In the ground floor, small co-working
digital factories will allow to use 3D printer
and rapid prototyping machines to
produce object for the daily use. So the
building will have an internal metabolic
system that will integrate energy
production, recycled water, food
production and material reuse promoting
a distributed model for urban
management.
While cars would
be allowed in
certain areas,
some streets would
be for pedestrians
and cyclists only,
with public
transport and
electric taxis
included to help
people reduce
their reliance on
personal vehicles.
Drones would be
used for deliveries
to free up the
roads.
Food could be grown in
the greenhouses that
would cover many of the
buildings, and small scale
"co-working digital
factories" would use 3D
printers and rapid
prototyping machines to
make replacements for
missing or broken items in
the event of supply chain
disruption.
Rainwater runoff from hard surfaces would be collected for reuse, and green areas would all have sufficient soil depth for planting vegetables.

Inside the greenhouses, a mix of hydroponic farming and LED grow lights systems would provide facilities for indoor farming to supplement outdoor allotments
and medicinal herb gardens. Green roofs, public gardens and orchards planted with butterfly-friendly flowers would help sustain biodiversity, and to further
welcome nature into the city, each apartment would have its own birdbox and shelves for swallows to nest in.
PART-5
REPORT FINDINGS:
DIFFERENCIATIONS
DIFFERENCIATIONS ON HOUSING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

TOPIC GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ON POST COVID SITUATION (ON FUTURE)
Hyper-Emotional Before the pandemic situation, in general housing The pandemic has caused an evolution towards a hyper-emotional society as
Society design we don‟t consider about designing home lab, we re-evaluate life priorities to become less driven by financial motivations but
home office. more by personal emotion and interests. This proposal is to transform the way
we work through a work joining project app, micro home labs and forums.
Green Catalyst In general housing design,we don‟t consider about Public realm, small scale food production and high density homes come
food production. Normally food production area can together in a high rise design. These towers are built up from prefabricated
be designed in a block. Normally the food production timber cubes. Courtyard plans create pleasant airy open space.
area can be neglected in a house building. So a designer should consider about the space for food productions.
A city region masterplan to encourage fresh ways of growing and eating in
cities, divesting from industrialised food systems, letting global biodiversity
flourish, and - almost incidentally - reducing chances of future pandemics.
Street Support Hub In general housing design, the designer doesn‟t have A neighbourhood common room for teaching, entertaining and socialising,
to consider about a space like that. Rather he design with energy generating capacity must be considered in the post covid housing
a small block as a common gathering space. design.
Far Off is Close at In every housing block business hub is not necessary to Reworking of a shop as a home. Four critical aspects of living in the city
Hand design. And in the housing area, the designer through the lens of a new urban house design: a perch on the street, a nest to
generally doesn‟t consider any health conscious withdraw, creating space for the ritual of washing at the threshold and the
elements like as hand sanitizing zone. creation of a „bar of exchange‟ as boundary between home and street.
Window Living Balcony is not a mandatory part in general design of An interactive window retrofitted to existing buildings to transform into a
housing. Or a small common interacting space is not balcony or sitting place allowing closer interactions with neighbours and
get attention in the design. nature.
Podding the City In general design, home is considered to be for living Homes will be places for more activities, for healing, working, learning; flexible
only. And housing blocks are considered to be fullfiling and elastic living spaces where we will spend most of our time. Lightweight
basic needs. „pods‟ can be attached to extend existing homes.
A new normal city In general time, we don‟t used to think about home Working from home is now the new norm. Office towers are empty. Offices
office. So study area in a house is not considered in spaces can be used on different purposes.
the design.
Additional Links:

1. https://www.dezeen.com/2020/09/02/guallart-architects-self-sufficient-city-xiong-an-china-architecture/

2. https://www.dezeen.com/2020/03/25/life-after-coronavirus-impact-homes-design-architecture/

3. https://www.dezeen.com/2020/05/19/alison-brooks-housing-coronavirus-balconies/?li_source=LI&li_medium=bottom_block_1

4. https://bluprint.onemega.com/emerging-architects-studio-proposes-post-covid-19-residential-designs/

5. https://www.archdaily.com/945383/mass-design-group-creates-covid-19-guide-for-senior-housing?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

6. https://www.archdaily.com/948249/mayor-of-london-launches-new-tech-to-transform-housing-construction?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

7. https://www.dezeen.com/2018/10/16/brave-new-world-shared-living-shared-housing-space10/

8. https://www.orfonline.org/research/re-imagining-slums-post-covid-19/

9. https://massdesigngroup.org/sites/default/files/multiple-file/2020-07/Designing%20Senior%20Housing%20for%20Safe%20Interaction.pdf?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com

10. https://www.designboom.com/architecture/studio-belem-rethinks-traditional-housing-post-covid19-05-14-2020/

11. https://www.archdaily.com/945679/vicente-guallart-wins-self-sufficient-city-competition-for-post-coronavirus-china

12. https://www.dezeen.com/2020/09/02/guallart-architects-self-sufficient-city-xiong-an-china-architecture/

13. http://www.designcurial.com/news/the-design-of-homes-post-covid-7981176/

14. https://www.academia.edu/3358926/Tara_appartment_housing_analysis

15. https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/243221/17/14_chapter4.pdf

16. http://lib.buet.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/2135/Full%20%20Thesis%20.pdf?sequence=1

17. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273608559_Housing_demand_and_housing_policy_in_urban_Bangladesh

18. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335419165_A_CONCEPTUAL_PROPOSAL_FOR_LOW-INCOME_HOUSING_IN_BANGLADESH_AN_ALTERNATE_TO_SLUM