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General Physics 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Measurements, Errors and Vectors

Source:: www.google.com

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General Physics 1 – Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Measurements, Errors, and Vectors

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Joy Sendon- Dasco

Editor: Orlando B. Tonic, HT – III, Jovelyn A. Florece, T-III

Reviewers: Dr. Noel Ibis, EPS / Darcy Guy Y. Mañebo, EPS

Illustrator: Joy Sendon- Dasco

Layout Artist: Joy Sendon- Dasco

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General Physics 1 – Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Measurements, Errors, and Vectors

I. Introduction

When you are composing a very long message in chat or text, did you find it
difficult to do? Well, thanks to shorthand-way of writing messages for it helps us to do
it in an easy way.

In this module, you will learn the concept of scientific notation and its
importance in writing numbers and measurements that helps us in every
measurement that we encounter.

II. Objectives

At the end of the lesson you are expected to:

Solve measurement problems involving conversion of units, expression of

measurements in scientific notation (STEM_GP12EU-Ia1)

Specific Objectives

1. Identify the steps to convert numbers into scientific notation;

2. Perform different mathematical operations involving scientific notation;
3. Recognize the significance of expressing numbers and measurements to
scientific notation.

III. Vocabulary List

Here is the list of important terminologies and their definitions that you will
encounter in this module for better understanding.

• Scientific Notation – a way of writing very large or very small numbers by

putting one number before the decimal point, then multiplying by a power of 10,
e.g. 3.6 x 10³
Source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/scientific-notation

• Exponent – a number or sign that shows how many times another number
should be multiplied by itself
Source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/exponent

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 • Significand – that part of a floating-point number that contains its significant
digits.
Source: https://glosbe.com/en/en/significand

• Decimal – relating to or expressed in a system of counting based on the number

ten
Source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/decimal

[{{{{

IV. Pre -Test

Multiple Choice Test. Read and answer the following questions. Write the letter of
your answer in your Module Notebook. (Do not write anything on your module.)

1. What is the purpose of scientific notation?

A. to measure things
B. to complicate things
C. to represent very large or very small numbers
D. none of the choices

2. How would you write 0.093 in scientific notation?

A. 1 x 10-0.093
B. 0.093 x 101
C. 9.3 x 10-2
D. 9.3 x 102
3. Which statement is FALSE about scientific notation?
A. It involves multiplying by powers of ten.
B. It is only used for very large numbers.
C. There will be only one digit to the left of the decimal.
D. It's usually not an exact number.
4. The “seconds in a day” can be written in scientific notation form as
A. 864 × 105 s C. 8640 × 105 s
B. 86.4 × 105 s D. 8.64 × 105 s

5. A virus is viewed under a microscope. Its diameter is 0.0000002 meter. How

would this length be expressed in scientific notation?
A. 2 x 10-7 m B. 2 x 10-6 m C. 2 x 106 m D. 2 x 107 m

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V. Learning Activities

Directions: In your Module Notebook, write the

ELICIT
Activity 1: Text me! correct and proper abbreviations of the following
phrases. (Do not write anything on your module.)

1. For your information - _____________

2. As soon as possible - _____________
3. Thank you very much - _____________
4. I love you - _____________
5. Laughing out loud - _____________
6. As far as I know - _____________
7. I don’t know - _____________
8. You only live once - _____________
9. Thank goodness its Friday - _____________
10. Outfit of the day - _____________

 How do you find doing the activity?

 Which do you prefer, writing in phrases or using
abbreviations?

Directions: Below are some facts in Science.

ENGAGE Complete the sentences for each number by
Activity 2: Did you know? choosing your answer inside the box and
write it on your Module Notebook. (Do not
write anything on your module.)

4,540,000,000 3,670,000,000
0.000000000053 0.0000000000000000000000007
0.0000000000000000000000000016726

1. Pluto's average distance from our sun is approximately __________miles.

Source: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/dwarf-planets/pluto/in-depth/
3TU U3T

2. The radius of a hydrogen atom is ____________meters.

Source: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Bohr-radius
3TU U3T

3. The mass of a proton is __________________kilograms.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/proton-subatomic-particle
3TU U3T

4. The age of the Earth is about ____________years old.

Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/topics/resource-library-age-
3TU

earth/?q=&page=1&per_page=25 U3T

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 5. The mass of a helium atom is __________________grams.
Source: https://onlinetutoring.zohosites.com/Molar-Mass-of-Helium-Gas.html
Directions: Ask yourself this question below
EXPLORE based on your experience in answering the
Activity 3: How is it? Activity 2. Write your answer on your Module
Notebook. (Do not write anything on your
module.)

• What kind of problem/s a scientist might encounter

that involve numbers this long?

Let’s take a look!

Scientific notation is a system for abbreviating very large or very small
numbers. Instead of that whole mess of zeroes, you could just write:
1.6726 x 10-27 kg
This makes it much less likely that you'll make a mistake with the number of
zeroes and accidentally mess up your calculations - and it's a lot easier to read.
Here's how scientific notation works:
All numbers in scientific notation are expressed in the form:
a x 10^b
Where:
a= is a number between 1 and 1
Technically, a is called the significand.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/scientific-notation-practice-problems.html

Directions: Look at the numbers below.

Activity 4: Yes or No? Why? Which of the numbers is written in scientific
notation? Justify your answer. Copy the table
and write your answer on your Module
Notebook. (Do not write anything on your
module.)

Scientific Notation?
Number Explanation
(Yes/No)
1.85 x 10-2

0.82 x 1014
10 x 103

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 Source:http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath
/COURSE_TEXT2_RESOURCE/U11_L1_T4_text_container.html

EXPLAIN: Let’s take a closer look!

Writing Numbers in Scientific Notation

 To convert a really big number from decimal notation to scientific notation,

shift the decimal point to the left until you get a number between 1 and 10.
 Get rid of all the extra zeroes and plug in that number as the significand. Then
count the number of places you moved the decimal point. Plug in that number
for b.
 To convert a really small number, it's almost the same thing, but shift the
decimal point to the right until you get a number between 1 and 10.

 Get rid of the extra zeroes and plug in that number as the significand. Then
count the number of places you moved the decimal point, and plug in the
opposite of that number for b.

Example 1: Covert 980 250 000 000 (very large number) to scientific notation form.

980 250 000 000 meters= 9.8 x 1011 meters

Example 2: Covert 0.000 000 000 000 102 (very small number) to scientific notation
form.

0.0 000 000 000 102 meters = 2 x 10-15 meters

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/scientific-notation-practice-problems.html

Directions: Convert from decimal form into

Activity 5: Let’s convert it! scientific notation. Write your answer on your
Module Notebook. (Do not write anything on
your module.)

1) 400 = __________________ 4) 0.00341 = _________________

2) 0.005 = __________________ 5) 750,010 = _________________
3) 60,00 = __________________

Writing from Scientific Notation to Decimal Numbers

 To convert from scientific notation back to decimal notation, you just do the
opposite. If the exponent is positive, move the decimal point that many places

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 to the right, adding zeroes where necessary. If the exponent is negative,
move the decimal point that many places to the left.

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/scientific-notation-practice-problems.html

Directions: Write out the decimal equivalent

Activity 6: Let’s convert more! (regular form) of the following numbers that
are in scientific notation. Write your answer
on your Module Notebook. (Do not write
anything on your module.)

1) 3 x 104 = _________________ 4) 900 x 10-6 = ______________

2) 6 x 10-3 = ________________ 5) 2.4 x 109 = _______________
3) 7 x 107 = _________________

EXPLAIN: Let’s dig it deeper!

Operations with Numbers Written in Scientific Notation

You can add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers that are written in
scientific notation while still keeping the numbers in scientific notation.
Here are the steps for adding or subtracting two numbers written in scientific
notation.
1. Rewrite the number with the smaller exponent so that it has the same exponent
as the number with the larger exponent by moving the decimal point of its
decimal number.
2. Add/subtract the decimal numbers. The power of 10 will not change.
3. Convert your result to scientific notation if necessary.

ELABORATE:
Example 3: Examine this example!

Add (5.7×104) + (4.87×105).

First, notice that the exponents are 4 and 5. You will need to rewrite 5.7×104
so that it has an exponent of 5. Because you need to increase the exponent by 1,
you will move the decimal point one space to the left.
5.7×104 becomes 0.57×105
Now, rewrite the problem.
(0.57×105) + (4.87×105)

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 Next, add the decimal numbers using what you have learned about decimal
addition. The power of 10 stays the same.
(0.57+4.87) × 105 = 5.44×105
Last, check to make sure that your answer is in scientific notation. 5.44 is at
least 1 but less than 10, so your answer is in scientific notation.
The answer is (5.7×104) + (4.87×105) = 5.44×105.
Here are the steps for multiplying or dividing two numbers in scientific notation.
1. Multiply/divide the decimal numbers.
2. Multiply/divide the powers of 10 by adding/subtracting their exponents.
3. Convert your answer to scientific notation if necessary.

ELABORATE:
Example 4: Examine this example!

Multiply (3.4×10−2) (6.2×106).

First, multiply the decimal numbers using what you have learned about
decimal multiplication.
3.4×6.2 = 21.08
Next, multiply the powers of 10 by adding their exponents.
10−2×106 = 10−2+6 = 104
Now, combine the results.
(3.4×10−2) (6.2×106) = (3.4×6.2) × (10−2×106) = 21.08×104
Finally, convert your answer to scientific notation. You will need to rewrite
21.08×104 so that the decimal number is at least 1 but less than 10. Move its decimal
point one space to the left. Then, to keep the overall value the same, increase the
exponent on the 10 by 1.
21.08×104 becomes 2.108×105
The answer is (3.4×10−2) (6.2×106) = 2.108×105.

ELABORATE:
Example 5: Examine this example!

Divide (8.4×105) ÷ (1.4×10−2).

First, divide the decimal numbers using what you have learned about decimal
division.
8.4 ÷ 1.4 = 6

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 Next, divide the powers of 10 by subtracting their exponents. Remember that
subtracting a negative number is the same as adding the positive version of the
number.
105 ÷ 10−2 = 105−(−2) = 105 +2 = 107
Now, combine the results.
(8.4×105) ÷ (1.4×10−2) = (8.4÷1.4) × (105 ÷10−2) = 6×107
Last, check to make sure that your answer is in scientific notation. 6 is at least
1 but less than 10, so your answer is in scientific notation.
The answer is (8.4×105) ÷ (1.4×10−2) = 6×107.

Source: https://www.ck12.org/arithmetic/scientific-
notation/lesson/Operations-with-Numbers-in-Scientific-Notation-MSM7/
]

VI. Practice Task 1

Directions: Write the numbers in scientific notation

EVALUATE form and vice-versa. Do this activity on your Module
Activity 7: Try it Out!
Notebook. (Do not write anything on your module.)

A. Write each number in scientific notation.

1) 0.000006 6) 0.0000002
2) 5400000 7) 2000000
3) 60 8) 0.000216
4) 0.009 9) 48900
5) 6.7 10) 0.0000009

B. Write each number in standard notation.

11) 0.9 × 10−1 16) 1.5 × 10−2
12) 2 × 10−1 17) 7.75 × 10−1
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13) 2 × 10 18) 8.3 × 107
14) 804 × 102 19) 9.5 × 107
15) 2.66 × 104 20) 1.71 × 107

Source:https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg1/Writin
g%20Scientific%20Notation.pdf

Practice Task 2

Directions: Read and analyze the word problems

EVALUATE below. Write your answer and show your solution on
Activity 8: Another Try! your10Module Notebook. (Do not write anything on
your module.)
 1. A human heart beats an average of 80 beats per minute. How many beats is
this in an hour? Express your answer in scientific notation.
2. The radius of a hydrogen atom is 2.5 x 10-11 m. Express this number in
standard notation.
3. The speed of sound depends on the type of medium and the temperature of
the medium it is traveling through. The speed of sound in dry air at 15° C (59° F)
is about 763 miles per hour. Rewrite this number in scientific notation.

Practice Task 3

Directions: Read and analyze carefully the given

EVALUATE word problem below. Give what is asked and show
Activity 9: Last Try!
your solutions on your Module Notebook. (Do not
write anything on your module.)

Problem 1:

Simplify the expression given below.

(4 x 105) + (0.1 x 107)

Problem 2:

Simplify the expression given below.

(0.723 x 108) + (338.2 x 105) - (6.1 x 107)

.

Problem 3:

Multiply:

(3.2 x 105) x (26.7 x 103)

Problem 4:

When the Sun makes an orbit around the center of the

Milky Way, it travels 2.025 × 10¹⁴ kilometers. The orbit
takes 225 million years. At what rate does the Sun travel?
11 notation.
Write your answer in scientific
 Source: https://www.onlinemath4all.com/operations-with-scientific-notation-worksheet.html

VII. Post Test

Multiple Choice Test. Read and answer the following questions. Write the letter of
your answer in your Module Notebook. (Do not write anything on your module.)

1. What is the purpose of scientific notation?

A. to measure things
B. to complicate things
C. to represent very large or very small numbers
D. none of the choices
2. How would you write 0.093 in scientific notation?
A. 1 x 10-0.093
B. 0.093 x 101
C. 9.3 x 10-2
D. 9.3 x 102
3. Which statement is FALSE about scientific notation?
A. It involves multiplying by powers of ten.
B. It is only used for very large numbers.
C. There will be only one digit to the left of the decimal.
D. It's usually not an exact number.
4. The “seconds in a day” can be written in scientific notation form as
A. 864 × 105 s C. 8640 × 105 s
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B. 86.4 × 10 s D. 8.64 × 105 s
5. A virus is viewed under a microscope. Its diameter is 0.0000002 meter. How
would this length be expressed in scientific notation?
A. 2 x 10-7 m B. 2 x 10-6 m C. 2 x 106 m D. 2 x 107 m

VIII. Assignments

Directions: On your Module Notebook, do the following.

EXTEND (Do not write anything on your module.)

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 1. Research the Conversion Table of Basic SI Quantities and copy this
on your notebook.

2. Relate conversion of unit to scientific notation.

IX. Answer Key

Pre – Test
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. A

Activity 1
1. FYI 6. AFAIK
2. ASAP 7. IDK
3. TYVM 8.YOLO
4. ILY 9.TGIF
5. LOL 10. OOTD

Activity 2
1. 3,670,000,000 miles
2. 0.000000000053 meters
3. 0.0000000000000000000000000016726 kilograms
4. 4,540,000,000 years old
5. 0.0000000000000000000000007 grams

Activity 3
• It takes a lot of time to write all the zeros (0) in every measurements.

Activity 4

Scientific Notation?
Number Explanation
(Yes/No)
1 ≤ 1.85 < 10
1.85 x 10-2 Yes
-2 is an integer

No ½ is not an integer

0.82 x 1014 No 0.82 is not ≥ 1

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 10 x 103 No 10 is not < 10

Activity 5
1. 4 x 102 4. 3.4 x 10-3
2. 5 x 10-3 5. 7.5 x 105
3. 6 x 104

Activity 6
1. 30 000 4. 0.000900
2. 0.006 5. 2, 400, 000, 000
3. 70, 000, 000

Activity 7
A.
1.6 x 10 -6 6.2 x 10 -7
2. 5.4 x 10 6 7.2x 10 6
3. 6 x 10 1 8.7.1 x 10 4
4.9 x 10-3 9.4.89 x 10 4
5.6.7 x 10 0 10. 9 x 10 -7

B.
11. 0.09 16.0.015
12. 0.2 17.0.775
13. 200000 18.83000000
14. 80400 19.95000000
15. 26600 20. 17100000

Activity 8
1. 4.8 x 103 beats 2. 0.000000000025 m 3. 7.63 x102 miles per
hour

Activity 9

Problem 1 : Simplify the expression given below.

(4 x 105) + (0.1 x 107)
Solution :
Step 1 :
In the given numbers, the highest power of 10 is 7.
So, write each number with 10 power 7.
4 x 105 = 0.04 x 107
0.1 x 107 = 0.1 x 107
Step 2 :
Add the multipliers for each number.
0.04 + 0.1 = 0.14

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 Step 3 :
Write the final answer in scientific notation :
0.14 x 107 = 1.4 x 106

Problem 2 : Simplify the expression given below.

(0.723 x 108) + (338.2 x 105) - (6.1 x 107)
Solution :
Step 1 :
In the given numbers, the highest power of 10 is 8.
So, write each number with 10 power 8.
0.723 x 108 = 0.723 x 108
338.2 x 105 = 0.3382 x 108
6.1 x 107 = 0.61 x 108
Step 2 :
Simplify the multipliers.
0.723 + 0.3382 - 0.61 = 0.4512
Step 3 :
Write the final answer in scientific notation :
0.4512 x 108 = 4.512 x 107

Problem 3 :Multiply :
(3.2 x 105) x (26.7 x 103)
Solution :
Step 1 :
Find the product of multipliers for each number.
3.2 x 26.7 = 85.44
Step 2 :
Find the product of powers of 10.
105 x 103 = 108
Step 3 :
Combine the results of step 1 and step 2 to write the final
answer in scientific notation.
85.44 x 108 = 8.544 x 109

Problem 4 :
When the Sun makes an orbit around the center of the Milky Way, it travels
2.025 × 10¹⁴ kilometers. The orbit takes 225 million years. At what rate does the Sun
travel? Write your answer in scientific notation.

Solution :
Key points :
The answer is the number of kilometers per year that the Sun
travels around the Milky Way.
Set up a division problem using Rate = Distance / Time to
represent the situation.
Step 1 :
Substitute the values from the problem into the Rate formula.

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 Step 2 :
Write the expression for rate with years in scientific notation.
That is, 225 million = 2.25 x 108.
Then, we have
Step 3 :
Find the quotient by dividing the decimals and using the laws
of exponents.
Divide the multipliers.
2.025 ÷ 2.25 = 0.9
Divide the powers of 10.
1014 ÷ 108 = 1014-8
1014 ÷ 108 = 106
Step 4 :
Combine the answers to write the rate in scientific notation.
0.9 x 106 = 9.0 x 105

Post Test
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. A

References:

Website
https://www.lehman.edu/faculty/anchordoqui/Scientific_Notation.pdf
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/scientific-notation
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/exponent
https://glosbe.com/en/en/significand
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/decimal
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/dwarf-planets/pluto/in-depth/
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Bohr-radius
https://www.britannica.com/science/proton-subatomic-particle
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/topics/resource-library-
ageearth/?q=&page=1&per_page=25
https://onlinetutoring.zohosites.com/Molar-Mass-of-Helium-Gas.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/scientific-notation-practice-problems.html
http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath/COURSE_TEXT2_RE
SOURCE/U11_L1_T4_text_container.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/scientific-notation-practice-problems.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/scientific-notation-practice-problems.html

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https://www.ck12.org/arithmetic/scientific-notation/lesson/Operations-with-Numbers-
in-Scientific-Notation-MSM7/
https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg1/Writing%20Scientific%20Notation.pdf
https://www.onlinemath4all.com/operations-with-scientific-notation-worksheet.html

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