Robotics Unit-5 Question Bank

SVS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Question
ME6010 - ROBOTICS
UNIT V - Implementation and Robots Economics
1. What are the different types of material handling operations?

 Manually operated devices—hand trucks, powered trucks, cranes, monorails and hoists.
 Automated systems—conveyors, AGV‘s.
 Miscellaneous systems—industrial robots, transfer mechanisms, elevators, pipelines, containers,
dial indexing tables, etc.
2. What is a Gantry Robot?

A gantry robot consists of a manipulator mounted onto an overhead system that allows
movement across a horizontal plane. Gantry robots are also called Cartesian or linear robots. They are
usually large systems that perform pick and place applications, but they can also be used in welding and
other applications.
3. Write some applications of AGV.
 Driverless train operations
 Storage distribution system
 Assembly line operation
 FMS
4. List out the types of AGV vehicles.

 Towing vehicles
 Unit load vehicles
 Pallet trucks
 Fork trucks
 Light load Vehicles
 Assembly line vehicles
5. Differentiate palletizing and depalletizing.

 A palletizer is a machine which provides automatic means for stacking cases of goods or
products on to a pallet.
 A depalletizer machine is any machine that can break down a pallet. Usually, a robot is used for
this task, although there are some other forms of depalletizers that can also break down pallets
and move products from one place to another using simple push bars and conveyor belts.
6. What are the steps to be followed by the company in order to implement robot programs in its
operations?
 Initial familiarization with the technology
 Plant survey to identify potential applications
 Selection of the application
 Selection of the robot
 Detailed economic analysis and capital authorization
 Planning and engineering the installation

7. What are the typical technical features required for material transfer?
Number of axes : 3 to 5
Control system : Limited sequence or Point-to-Point playback
Drive system : Pneumatic or Hydraulic
Programming : Manual, Powered lead through
8. What are the different methods of economic analysis?

1) Payback method
2) Equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) method
3) Return on investment (ROI) method
9. Write a note on ROI method.

The return on investment method determines the rate of return for the proposed project based on
the estimated cost and revenues. Return on investment, or ROI, is the most common profitability ratio.
There are several ways to determine ROI, but the most frequently used method is to divide net profit by
total assets.
10. Define EUAC method.

Equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) method converts all of the present and future
investments and cash flows into their equivalent uniform cash flows over the anticipated life of the
project.
11. Define a deadman switch.

A dead man switch is a useful control feature during lead through programming. It is a trigger or
toggle switch device generally located on the teach pendant which requires active pressure to be applied
tom the devices in order to drive the manipulator.
12. What are the general characteristics that make potential robot application technically
practical and economically feasible?
1) Hazardous or uncomfortable working conditions
2) Repetitive operations
3) Difficult handling jobs
4) Multicast operation
13. Define payback period.

Payback period in capital budgeting refers to the period of time required to recoup the funds
expended in an investment, or to reach the break-even point. For example, a $1000 investment made at
the start of year 1 which returned $500 at the end of year 1 and year 2 respectively would have a two-
year payback period.
14. What is image resolution?

The resolution of a digital camera is often limited by the camera sensor (typically a CCD or
CMOS sensor chip) that turns light into discrete signals, replacing the job of film in traditional
photography. This means that the brighter the image at that point the larger of a value that is read for
that Pixel.
15. Define Tracking.

Tracking is defined as the motion of the scene, objects or the camera given a sequence of images
knowing this motion, predict where things are going to project in the next image, so that we don’t have
so much work looking for them.
16. What are the techniques used in object recognition?
1. Template matching technique - Template matching is a technique in digital image processing for
finding small parts of an image which match a template image. It can be used in manufacturing as a part
of quality control, a way to navigate a mobile robot, or as a way to detect edges in images.
2. Structural technique - Structural recognition methods are usually based on the availability
of structural primitives and the assumption that these elements can be extracted.
17. What are the general characteristics that make potential robot application technically
practical and economically feasible?
1. Hazardous or uncomfortable working conditions
2. Repetitive operations
3. Difficult handling jobs
4. Multicast operation
18. Define MTTR & MTBF.

MTTR- The mean time between failures indicates how long, on average, the machinery will
operate between breakdowns.
MTBF – The mean time bet. Failures indicates how long, on average, the machinery will operate
between breakdowns.
19. What is meant by palletizing and depalletizing?

Industrial palletizing refers to loading and unloading parts, boxes or other items to or from
pallets. Automated palletizing refers to an industrial robot palletizer performing the application
automatically. Removing in sequence, materials which have been arranged on a pallet.
20. What is Flexible manufacturing system?

A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a manufacturing system in which there is some
amount of flexibility that allows the system to react in case of changes, whether predicted or
unpredicted. Most FMS consist of three main systems. The work machines which are often automated
CNC machines are connected by a material handling system to optimize parts flow and the central
control computer which controls material movements and machine flow.
21. What is a Storage distribution system?

A distributed storage system can relate to any of the 3 types of storage: block, file and object. In
case of block-level storage systems “distributed data storage” typically relates to one storage system in a
tight geographical area, usually located in one data center, since performance demands are very high.
22. What are the advantages of AGV?

Between assembly lines and automated guided vehicle (AGV) systems, automation creates a
much faster work environment.Here are some of the biggest benefits industrial facilities gain from using
AGV parts. Reduced Labor Costs. If a machine can do a job, a business owner doesn't have to pay a
human to do it.
23. When do you need a Gantry robot?

Because a gantry robot has two X, or base, axes, the moment load presented by the Y and Z axes,
as well as the working payload, are resolved as forces on the X axes. This significantly increases the
system’s stiffness, and in most cases allows the axes to have longer stroke lengths and higher speeds
than a similar Cartesian robot.
24. What are the advantages of forklifts?
The forklifts are very useful machines and can be seen in every warehouse and storage facility in
Brisbane. Without these machines, the warehouses would not be able to operate efficiently and with
easiness. The forklifts are small but compact machines, designed to work in tight and narrow areas.
Also, they are highly maneuverable and capable to lift different loads.
25. What are the advantages of Pallet trucks?

 Heavy goods are efficiently moved and organized.
 Can be easily operated by anyone;
 Never cause noise (almost silent operation);
 Very easy to pull;
 Require minimum maintenance.
26. Why robots are used in CIM environment?

Robots are used in CIM environment because of they have a number of economic and
performance advantage over human labour or hard automation on manufacturing application,
particularly in batch manufacturing. Robots have reprogram ability.
27. How will you evaluate for a particular application with use of robot?
To evaluate the use of robot for a particular application a check list is given. The check list is
based on factors such as application requirement such as,
- monotonous / repetitive operation
- medium complex operation
- no complex judgment or decision making required
- need to position and orient part or tool and physical environment
- Work station is well organized, hazardous environment; machine in work station can receive
parts automatically etc.
28. Give some example where non-servo type & servo type robots are used.
 Non-servo type robots are used for simple operation like transferring the parts.
 Servo controlled point to point robots are used to perform complicated task like machine tool
loading and unloading, palletizing the parts for the machine centre, in fms or sorting the parts.
 Servo controlled continuous path robots are used in welding, finishing, maintenance & assembly
etc.
29. What are the significant costs involved in deployment of robot?

The significant costs involved in deployment of robot are,
- Robot and its peripherals - Maintenance
- Tooling and installation - Safety equipment
- Layout changes - Training
- Equipment modification - Applications engineering
30. What are the three basic modes of operation for robot language operating system?
i) Monitor mode - used to accomplish overall supervisory control of the system.
ii) Run mode - for executing robot program.
iii) Edit mode - provides an instruction set that allows the user to write new programs or to edit
exiting programs.
Part-B
1. Explain the obstacle detection and avoidance in AGVs. (April/May 2017)

2. Explain the factors to be considered for Industrial application of Robots. (April/May 2017)
3. Discuss in detail various methods available for the analysis of robot economics. (Nov/Dec 2008)
4. Write a critical note on the steps that a company should follow during implementing robotics.
(Nov/Dec 2007) (May/June
2013)
5. (i) Write a note on AGV. (8) (Nov/Dec 2007) & (Nov/Dec 2014)
(ii) Explain the features of safety sensors & safety monitoring of robots. (8) (Nov/Dec 2007) &
(Nov/Dec
2014)
6. (i) Explain the different safety considerations for robot operations. (8) (Apr/May 2010)
(Nov/Dec
2007)
(ii) Explain about Robot welding. (8) (Nov/Dec 2008)
7. (i) Explain the working of automated guided vehicles with
(a) Component –based DCS
(b) Design with field bus technology. (10) (Apr/May 2010)
(ii) Explain the design consideration for work place safety. (6) (Apr/May 2010)
8. Write short notes on Equivalent Uniform Annual cost and rate of return methods. (May/June 2013)
9. Discuss about the implementation issues of robots in an assembly environment. (Nov/Dec 2012)
10. Illustrate the economics of robot implementation with help of pay back method. (Nov/Dec 2012)
11. Briefly discuss the safety consideration and its levels of robot in industrial environment.
(Nov/Dec
2017)
12. List the various benefits of adopting AGV in industry. (8) (Nov/Dec 2017)
13. Discuss the various steps to be taken for implementing robots in industry and safety issues. Write the
advantages of using robots in industry. (Nov/Dec 2015)
14. Illustrate the pay back and rate of return method of economic analysis while implementing robots in
industry with suitable example problems. (Nov/Dec 2015)
15. (i) Explain the working of AGV with Component-based DCS. (8) (May/June 2015)
(ii) Explain the logical sequence of steps in the implementation of robots in industries. (8)
(May/June
2015)
16. (i) Explain economic analysis of robot using EUAC method. (8) (May/June 2015)
(ii) Explain in detail safety sensors and safety monitoring of robots. (8) (May/June 2015)
17. (i) Explain the three different methods of economic analysis of robot. (10) (Apr/May 2018)
(ii) List the various benefits of AGV in industry. (6) (Apr/May 2018)
(iii) Write a short notes on diffuse and back lighting techniques used in machine vision. (4)
(Apr/May
2018)
18. Design a three level safety system for robot work cell and explain its function. (Apr/May 2018)
19. List and explain direct and indirect costs involved in a robot application project. Justify, whether you
gain profit or loss. (May/June 2014)
20. Write short notes on the following,
(i) Safety considerations for robot operations (8)
(ii) EUAC method. (8) (May/June 2014)

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SVS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Department of Mechanical Engineering

UNIT V - Implementation and Robots Economics

1. What are the different types of material handling operations?

2. What is a Gantry Robot?

4. List out the types of AGV vehicles.

5. Differentiate palletizing and depalletizing.

8. What are the different methods of economic analysis?

9. Write a note on ROI method.

10. Define EUAC method.

11. Define a deadman switch.

13. Define payback period.

14. What is image resolution?

15. Define Tracking.

18. Define MTTR & MTBF.

19. What is meant by palletizing and depalletizing?

20. What is Flexible manufacturing system?

21. What is a Storage distribution system?

22. What are the advantages of AGV?

23. When do you need a Gantry robot?

25. What are the advantages of Pallet trucks?

26. Why robots are used in CIM environment?

29. What are the significant costs involved in deployment of robot?

1. Explain the obstacle detection and avoidance in AGVs. (April/May 2017)

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