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    Fascism and National Socialism: HISB91 Lecture 11 - February 15

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    andrewarchy
    The document summarizes the rise of fascism and National Socialism in Germany following World War 1. It describes the economic crisis in Germany in the late 1920s and early 1930s which led to political instability. The Nazis gained significant seats in parliament in 1930 and Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933. After the Reichstag fire, Hitler used emergency powers to suspend civil liberties and clamp down on Communists and Socialists. By August 1934, after Hindenburg's death, Hitler had centralized power and established himself as Fuhrer of Germany.

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    Fascism and National Socialism: HISB91 Lecture 11 - February 15

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    andrewarchy
    26 views2 pages
    The document summarizes the rise of fascism and National Socialism in Germany following World War 1. It describes the economic crisis in Germany in the late 1920s and early 1930s which led to political instability. The Nazis gained significant seats in parliament in 1930 and Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933. After the Reichstag fire, Hitler used emergency powers to suspend civil liberties and clamp down on Communists and Socialists. By August 1934, after Hindenburg's death, Hitler had centralized power and established himself as Fuhrer of Germany.

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    HISB91 - Lecture 11 - February 15, 2006

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    The document summarizes the rise of fascism and National Socialism in Germany following World War 1. It describes the economic crisis in Germany in the late 1920s and early 1930s which led to political instability. The Nazis gained significant seats in parliament in 1930 and Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933. After the Reichstag fire, Hitler used emergency powers to suspend civil liberties and clamp down on Communists and Socialists. By August 1934, after Hindenburg's death, Hitler had centralized power and established himself as Fuhrer of Germany.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views2 pages

    Fascism and National Socialism: HISB91 Lecture 11 - February 15

    Uploaded by

    andrewarchy
    The document summarizes the rise of fascism and National Socialism in Germany following World War 1. It describes the economic crisis in Germany in the late 1920s and early 1930s which led to political instability. The Nazis gained significant seats in parliament in 1930 and Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933. After the Reichstag fire, Hitler used emergency powers to suspend civil liberties and clamp down on Communists and Socialists. By August 1934, after Hindenburg's death, Hitler had centralized power and established himself as Fuhrer of Germany.

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    HISB91 Lecture 11 – February 15

    Fascism and National Socialism

    - 1929 depression strikes


    - Campaign against Young Plan. Makes reparations less honorable for Germany. Reject
    reparations in total. Hitler agrees to join the campaign. Hitler begins to gain a national
    profile.
    - Hugeberg – media mogul, head of DNVP (German National People’s Party) Was the
    Conrad Black of the time. Owned UFA that provided news. There were the most number
    of newspapers printed in the 1920s.
    - In 1919 Hitler gains his national profile and became respectable. 2/5 Germans are
    unemployed in 1929.
    - Inflation, depression. What kind of mood is going to be? Political crisis was going to
    emerge. The government falls in 1930 due to lack of funds in unemployment insurance.
    Nazis jumped from 12 to 107 seats in the government. This was the greatest political
    earthquake. Hitler over Germany – flew by plane from city to city during his political
    campaign.
    - What the government to do if it can’t pass fiscal budget? Article 48 – the emergency
    clause in case of national emergency to cal out the army and declare the state of
    national emergency (i.e. civil war, crisis). The government begins to implement the
    budget with article 48. The crisis was so deep that the governing authorities including
    the president Paul von Hindenburg had to accept article 48.
    - Article 48 became the political rule. Nazis bandwagon has become a genuine
    bandwagon. In July 1932 230 seats. Economic Party, German People’s Party, Middle
    class Germans, intelligent, literate Germans vote Nazi in July 1932, which voted for their
    own parties 2 years ago in 1930.
    - Paul von Hindenburg didn’t want to appoint Hitler, an Austrian corporal
    - There were 2 major options for the Germans: Communism and Nationalism since
    everything has been tried before.
    - The 30th Jan 1933 Hitler is appointed chancellor.
    - The SA and the SS march during the parade. They were masters of spectacles, parades,
    and excitement. The motif of fire is there from the beginning to the end.
    - On the 27th if Feb Hitler has persuaded Hindenburg to do another election and do
    everything right. Hindenburg reluctantly agrees. On the 27 Feb the Reichstag is burning.
    - Hitler reacted spontaneously that Communists put the Reichstag on fire. Nobody would
    thing that Nazis did it as a pretext to clamp down on Germany.
    - Marinus van der Lubbe, member of the communist party was running around saying
    that he did it. None believed him.

    1
    HISB91 Lecture 11 – February 15

    - The 29th of Feb Hitler went to Hindenburg to sign the emergency decree. That was to
    become the legal cornerstone of the 3rd Reich. Legal structure of the 3rd Reich. Socialists,
    Communists were arrested
    - National elections - the Nazis were standing at election polls. It was a measure of
    physiological intimidation. 288 Nazis in parliament. Claim a national victory and a
    national revolution can proceed.
    - Hitler claims that there’s an emergency, need to implement order and stability in the
    country in order revive the economy, stability and safety in the streets. Begins to clamp
    down using article 48.
    - Ernst Roehm – addressed Hitler (only one) with the ‘Du’ form. Was a homosexual. SA
    had a significant number of homosexuals. Murdered along with other SA officers.
    - You’ve got to have the army on your side. Hitler had that support. Swears to oath of
    loyalty to Hitler.
    - In August Hindenburg died. Hitler on the basis of article 48 combines offices of
    chancellor and president and becomes the fuhrer. Hitler centralizes power. Professional
    organizations were created for students. Army was promised rearming.
    - Autobahns are built. Every German family will have a personal car – Volkswagen
    (people’s car)
    - You send people on holidays subside by the party.
    - The whole idea of joy, beauty. Making daily life beautiful once again. Nothing vicious,
    terrible. The internal Jew as responsible for our humiliation. The whole of the world was
    anti-Semitic. Henry Ford funded the pamphlets that the Jews were involved in the world
    conspiracy. Had pictures of Hitler on his desk.
    - Anti-Semitic propaganda- Germans tended to ignore this side of the story

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