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Basic Bearing Knowledge / Bearing mounting

Bearing mounting

15-3-1 Recommended preparation prior to mounting

1) Preparation of bearings

Wait until just before mounting before removing the bearings from their packaging to prevent contamination and rust.
Since the anti-corrosion oil covering bearings is a highly capable lubricant, the oil should not be cleaned off if the bearings are pre-lubricated, or when
the bearings are used for normal operation. However, if the bearings are used in measuring instruments or at high rotation speed, the anti-corrosion
oil should be removed using a clean detergent oil. After removal of the anti-corrosion oil, bearings should not be left for a long time because they rust
easily.

2) Inspection of shafts and housings

Clean up the shaft and housing to check whether it has flaws or burrs as a result of machining.
Be very careful to completely remove lapping agents (SiC, Al2O3, etc.), casting sands, and chips from inside the housing.
Next, check that the dimensions, forms, and finish conditions of the shaft and the housing are accurate to those specified on the drawing.
The shaft diameter and housing bore diameter should be measured at the several points as shown in Figs. 15-1 and 15-2.

Fig. 15-1 Measuring points on shaft diameter

Fig. 15-2 Measuring points on housing bore diameter

Furthermore, fillet radius of shaft and housing, and the squareness of shoulders should be checked.

When using shaft and housing which have passed inspection, it is advisable to apply machine oil to each fitting surface just before mounting.

15-3-2 Bearing mounting

Mounting procedures depend on the type and fitting conditions of bearings.

For general bearings in which the shaft rotates, an interference fit is applied to inner rings, while a clearance fit is applied to outer rings.
For bearings in which the outer rings rotate, an interference fit is applied to the outer rings.
Interference fitting is roughly classified as shown here. The detailed mounting processes are described in Tables 15-1 to 15-3.
"Table 15-1 Press fit of bearings with cylindrical bores"
"Table 15-2 Shrink fit of cylindrical bore bearings"
"Table 15-3 Mounting bearings with tapered bores"
"Table 15-4 Mounting tapered bore spherical roller bearings"

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Reference Force is necessary to press fit or remove bearings.

The force necessary to press fit or remove inner rings of bearings differs depending on the finish of shafts and how much interference the bearings
allow.
The standard values can be obtained by using the following equations.

In equations (15-1) and (15-2),

Value of resistance coefficient ƒk

Conditions ƒk

Press fitting bearings on to cylindrical shafts 4

Removing bearings from cylindrical shafts 6

Press fitting bearings on to tapered shafts or tapered sleeves 5.5

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Conditions ƒk

Removing bearings from tapered shafts or tapered sleeves 4.5

Press fitting tapered sleeves between shafts and bearings 10

Removing tapered sleeves from the space between shafts and bearings 11

Table 15-1 Press fit of bearings with cylindrical bores

Mounting methods Descriptions

■ As shown in the Fig., a bearing should be mounted slowly with care, by using a fixture to
apply force evenly to the bearing.
When mounting the inner ring, apply pressure to the inner ring only. Similarly, in
mounting the outer ring, press only the outer ring.

(a) Using press fit (the most widely used method)

■ If interference is required on both the inner and outer ring of non-separable bearings,
use two kinds of fixtures as shown in the Fig. and apply force carefully, as rolling
elements are easily damaged.
Be sure never to use a hammer in such cases.
(b) Using bolts and nuts (screw hole should be provided at the
shaft end)

(c) Using hammers (only when there is no alternative measure) Simultaneous press fit of inner ring and outer ring

Table 15-2 Shrink fit of cylindrical bore bearings

Shrink fit Descriptions

■ This method, which expands bearings by heating them in oil, has the advantage of not
applying too much force to bearings and taking only a short time.

[Notes]

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Shrink fit Descriptions

(a) Heating in an oil bath

Oil temperature should not be higher than 100℃, because bearings heated at higher
than 120℃ lose hardness.
Heating temperature can be determined from the bore diameter of a bearing and the
interference by referring to Fig. 15-3.
Use nets or a lifting device to prevent the bearing from resting directly on the bottom of
the oil container.
Since bearings shrink in the radial direction as well as the axial direction while cooling
down, fix the inner ring and shaft shoulder tightly with the shaft nut before shrinking, so
that no space is left between them.

■ Shrink fit proves to be clean and effective since, by this method,the ring can be provided
with even heat in a short time using neitherfire nor oil.
(When electricity is being conducted, the bearing itself generates heat by its electrical
(b) Induction heater
resistance, aided by the built-in exciting coil.)

Fig. 15-3 Heating temperature and expansion of inner rings

[Remarks]

1. Thick solid lines show the maximum interference value between bearings (class 0) and shafts (r6, p6, n6, m5, k5, j5) at normal temperature.
2. Therefore, the heating temperature should be selected to gain a larger "expansion of the bore diameter" than the maximum interference values.

(When fitting class 0 bearings having a 90mm bore diameter to m5 shafts, this figure shows that heating temperature should be 40℃ higher than
room temperature to produce expansion larger than the maximum interference value of 48μm. However, taking cooling during mounting into
consideration, the temperature should be set 20 to 30℃ higher than the temperature initially required.)

Table 15-3 Mounting bearings with tapered bores

Mounting methods Descriptions

■ When mounting bearings directly on tapered shafts, provide oil

holes and grooves on the shaft and inject high pressure oil into
the space between the fitting surfaces (oil injection). Such oil
injection can reduce tightening torque of locknut by lessening
friction between the fitting surfaces.
■ When exact positioning is required in mounting a bearing on a
shaft with no shoulder, use a clamp to help determine the
position of the bearing.

(a) Mounting on tapered shafts

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Mounting methods Descriptions

Locating bearing by use of a clamp

■ When mounting bearings on shafts, locknuts are generally used.

(b) Mounting by use of an adapter sleeve Special spanners are used to tighten them.
Bearings can also be mounted using hydraulic nuts.

■ When mounting tapered bore spherical roller bearings, the

reduction in the radial internal clearance which gradually occurs
during operation should be taken into consideration as well as
the push-in depth described in Table 15-4.

Clearance reduction can be measured by a thickness gage. First,

(c) Mounting by use of a withdrawal sleeve stabilize the roller in the proper position and then insert the gage
into the space between the rollers and the outer ring. Be careful
that the clearance between both roller rows and the outer rings is
roughly the same (e≒e'). Since the clearance may differ at different
measuring points, take measurements at several positions.

■ When mounting self-aligning ball bearings, leave enough

clearance to allow easy aligning of the outer ring.

(d) Measuring clearances

Table 15-4 Mounting tapered bore spherical roller bearings

Nominal bore diameter Axial displacement, mm Minimum required residual clearance, µm

Reduction of radial internal clearance
d
µm
mm 1/12 taper 1/30 taper CN C3 C4
clearance clearance clearance
over up to min. max. min. max. min. max.

24 30 15 20 0.27 0.35 - - 10 20 35

30 40 20 25 0.32 0.4 - - 15 25 40

40 50 25 35 0.4 0.5 - - 20 30 45

50 65 30 40 0.45 0.6 - - 25 35 55

65 80 35 50 0.55 0.75 - - 35 40 70

80 100 40 55 0.65 0.85 - - 40 50 85

100 120 55 70 0.85 1.05 2.15 2.65 45 65 100

120 140 65 90 1.0 1.2 2.5 3.0 55 80 110

140 160 75 100 1.1 1.35 2.75 3.4 55 90 130

160 180 80 110 1.2 1.5 3.0 3.8 60 100 150

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Nominal bore diameter Axial displacement, mm Minimum required residual clearance, µm

Reduction of radial internal clearance
d
µm
mm 1/12 taper 1/30 taper CN C3 C4
clearance clearance clearance
over up to min. max. min. max. min. max.

180 200 90 120 1.4 1.7 3.5 4.3 70 110 170

200 225 100 130 1.55 1.85 3.85 4.6 80 120 190

225 250 110 140 1.7 2.05 4.25 5.1 90 130 210

250 280 120 160 1.8 2.3 4.5 5.75 100 140 230

280 315 130 180 2.0 2.5 5.0 6.25 110 150 250

315 355 150 200 2.3 2.8 5.75 7.0 120 170 270

355 400 170 220 2.5 3.1 6.25 7.75 130 190 300

400 450 190 240 2.8 3.4 7.0 8.5 140 210 330

450 500 210 270 3.1 3.8 7.75 9.5 160 230 360

500 560 240 310 3.5 4.3 8.75 10.8 170 260 370

560 630 260 350 3.9 4.8 9.75 12.0 200 300 410

630 710 300 390 4.3 5.3 10.8 13.3 210 320 460

710 800 340 430 4.8 6.0 12.0 15.0 230 370 530

800 900 370 500 5.3 6.7 13.3 16.8 270 410 570

900 1000 410 550 5.9 7.4 14.8 18.5 300 450 640

[Remark]
The values for reduction of radial internal clearance listed above are values obtained when mounting bearings with CN clearance on solid shafts. In
mounting bearings with C3 clearance, the maximum value listed above should be taken as the standard.

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