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    Developing Sour Gas Resources With Controlled Freeze Zone ™ Technology

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    William Lim

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    Developing Sour Gas Resources With Controlled Freeze Zone ™ Technology

    Uploaded by

    William Lim
    39 views8 pages

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    02mart

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    39 views8 pages

    Developing Sour Gas Resources With Controlled Freeze Zone ™ Technology

    Uploaded by

    William Lim

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Developing Sour Gas Resources with

    Controlled Freeze Zone™ Technology

    Dr. Charles (Chuck) Mart


    Research Manager – Gas Technology
    ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company
    Houston, Texas, USA
    Global Perspectives:
    Outlook for Natural Gas Supply/Demand
    Gas Production

    • Natural gas expected to be


    the fastest growing fuel
    source for the next 20 years
    • Demand growth expected in
    power generation sector LNG
    because of lower emissions Pipeline
    Gas to Diesel & Lubes
    and greater efficiency with
    natural gas fired units
    • Domestic and imported
    supplies will be needed to
    meet regional gas demands
    via pipeline and LNG End User
    deliveries

    2
    Global Perspectives:
    Challenges with Sour Natural Gas Resources
    • Provide clean-burning natural gas from Global Gas Resource Distribution
    increasingly sour gas resources Remaining
    - As much as 1/3 of global conventional Ultimate
    Recoverable -
    resources have significant amounts of Undeveloped
    CO2 and H2S
    - Fields with CO2 contents greater than 30% Undiscovered Conventional
    and H2S content greater than 10% are
    encountered more frequently
    Sour Source: USGS;
    • Management of contaminants Industry databases

    - Increased focus on CO2 removal and


    disposition
    - Alternatives to sulfur production
    - Geosequestration of CO2

    • Challenging economics for developing


    sour gas reserves
    - Smaller amounts of valuable hydrocarbon
    - Remote gas developments

    3
    Controlled Freeze ZoneTM

    4
    Controlled Freeze Zone™:
    Technology Uses a Different Approach
    Rather than avoiding solidification of CO2,
    control it and confine it to specially designed section in distillation column
    Sweet Gas

    34 bar Top
    -84° C Conventional
    TCD Distillation
    L+V
    Controlled
    S+V CFZ Freeze
    Zone™

    T LIQUID
    L+V Bottom
    BCD Conventional
    Distillation
    VAPOR

    -1° C

    CO 2 x,y C1

    Sour Liquid

    5
    CFZTM Advantages:
    Capital Costs and Energy Efficiency
    Overall Costs Sales Revenue
    AGI Pipeline
    100 Dehydration 110
    Treating
    90

    Relative Revenue - Electricity(%)


    80
    Relative Capital Costs (%)

    70
    105
    60
    50
    40
    30 100

    20
    10
    0 TM TM 95
    Selexol Bulk Ryan-Holmes CFZ Selexol
    TM
    Bulk Ryan-Holmes CFZ TM
    Frac+SelexolTM Frac+SelexolTM

    • 10 - 27% lower overall capital costs • 5 - 16% more energy efficient


    • 12 - 37% cost savings for treating • 4 - 8% greater sales

    Less Equipment Lower Emissions


    Lower Costs More Gas Supply

    6
    Controlled Freeze Zone™:
    History of Technology Development
    • Invented at Exxon Production Research Co. in 1983
    – Original patent granted in 1985

    • Pilot plant operated in 1986


    – Proved CFZTM concept for CO2 removal

    • Engineering studies and process improvements 1987+


    - Six additional patents
    - Nine pending patent applications

    • Commercial Demonstration Plant


    operation to begin in 2010
    - Test wide range of compositions,
    with CO2 and H2S
    - Integrate with acid gas injection
    - Provide design basis for world-
    scale plant

    7
    Case Study:
    Summary of CFZ™ Incentives
    • Significant capital and operating
    expense savings
    - Fewer processing steps and less
    equipment for all applications
    - Reduction or elimination of solvents
    and additives
    - Lower acid gas injection costs
    + High pressure separation
    + Liquid acid gas stream can be
    pumped for reinjection vs.
    costly compression
    - Provides alternative for sulfur plants Equipment Not Needed by CFZTM

    • Higher efficiency provides more


    clean gas supply
    The Higher the Sour Gas
    • Environmental benefits Content, the Greater the
    - Allows economic CO2 injection for Benefits
    geosequestration or EOR

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