Ppu-3 DRH 4189340583 Uk - 2014.09.19

DESIGNER’S REFERENCE HANDBOOK
Paralleling and Protection Unit, PPU-3

● Functional description
● Modes and sequences
● General product information
● PID controller
● Additional functions
DEIF A/S · Frisenborgvej 33 · DK-7800 Skive · Tel.: +45 9614 9614 · Fax: +45 9614 9615 · info@deif.com · www.deif.com
isenborgvej 33 · DK-7800 Skive · Tel.: +45 9614 9614 · Fax: +45 9614 9615 · info@deif.com · www.deif.com Document no.: 4189340583I
14 9614 · Fax: +45 9614 9615 · info@deif.com · www.deif.com SW version: 3.09.x
PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK
1. General information
1.1. Warnings, legal information and safety..................................................................................................4
1.1.1. Warnings and notes ......................................................................................................................4
1.1.2. Legal information and disclaimer ..................................................................................................4
1.1.3. Safety issues ................................................................................................................................4
1.1.4. Electrostatic discharge awareness ...............................................................................................4
1.1.5. Factory settings ............................................................................................................................4
1.2. About the designer's reference handbook..............................................................................................5
1.2.1. General purpose ...........................................................................................................................5
1.2.2. Intended users ..............................................................................................................................5
1.2.3. Contents and overall structure ......................................................................................................5
2. General product information

2.1. About .....................................................................................................................................................6
2.2. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................6
2.3. Type of product......................................................................................................................................6
2.4. Options...................................................................................................................................................6
2.5. PC utility software warning.....................................................................................................................6
3. Functional description
3.1. About .....................................................................................................................................................7
3.2. Standard functions.................................................................................................................................7
3.3. Regulation modes..................................................................................................................................8
3.4. Fixed frequency......................................................................................................................................8
3.5. Fixed power............................................................................................................................................9
3.6. Frequency droop....................................................................................................................................9
3.7. P load sharing......................................................................................................................................11
3.8. Regulation active after synchronisation................................................................................................12
3.9. Measurement systems.........................................................................................................................13
3.10. Scaling................................................................................................................................................15
3.11. Single line diagrams...........................................................................................................................16
3.12. Sequences.........................................................................................................................................18
3.13. Operation modes................................................................................................................................22
3.14. Password............................................................................................................................................23
3.14.1. Password...................................................................................................................................23
3.14.2. Parameter access......................................................................................................................24
4. Additional functions
4.1. Alarm function......................................................................................................................................25
4.2. Alarm inhibit..........................................................................................................................................27
4.3. Alarm jump...........................................................................................................................................30
4.4. Alarm test mode...................................................................................................................................30
4.5. Breaker types ......................................................................................................................................30
4.6. Breaker spring load time......................................................................................................................31
4.7. Differential measurement.....................................................................................................................31
4.8. Digital input functions...........................................................................................................................35
4.9. Display views........................................................................................................................................40
4.10. Event log............................................................................................................................................49
4.11. Fail class............................................................................................................................................51
4.12. Frequency-dependent power droop...................................................................................................53
4.13. Horn output.........................................................................................................................................54
4.14. Kwh/kvarh counters............................................................................................................................55
4.15. Language selection............................................................................................................................55
4.16. M-Logic ..............................................................................................................................................56
4.17. Manual governor and AVR control.....................................................................................................56
4.17.1. Manual mode.............................................................................................................................57
4.18. Nominal settings.................................................................................................................................57
4.19. Not in remote......................................................................................................................................58
DEIF A/S Page 2 of 99

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK
4.20. Relay setup........................................................................................................................................58

4.21. Self-check...........................................................................................................................................59
4.22. Service menu.....................................................................................................................................59
4.22.1. Service menu.............................................................................................................................59
4.23. Setpoint selection...............................................................................................................................60
4.24. Start/stop next generator....................................................................................................................62
4.25. Step-up transformer...........................................................................................................................65
5. Protections
5.1. General.................................................................................................................................................68
5.2. Phase-neutral voltage trip....................................................................................................................68
5.3. Current unbalance calculation..............................................................................................................69
5.4. Voltage-dependent (restraint) overcurrent...........................................................................................69
5.5. Inverse time overcurrent.......................................................................................................................70
5.6. Reverse power.....................................................................................................................................73
5.7. Trip of Non Essential Load (NEL) ........................................................................................................74
5.8. Reset ratio (hysteresis) .......................................................................................................................75
6. PID controller
6.1. Controllers............................................................................................................................................76
6.2. Principle drawing..................................................................................................................................76
6.3. Proportional regulator...........................................................................................................................77
6.4. Relay control........................................................................................................................................81
7. Synchronisation
7.1. Dynamic synchronisation.....................................................................................................................84
7.1.1. Close signal.................................................................................................................................85
7.1.2. Load picture after synchronising..................................................................................................85
7.2. Static synchronisation..........................................................................................................................87
7.2.1. Phase controller...........................................................................................................................87
7.3. Synchronising controller.......................................................................................................................89
7.4. Synchronising vector mismatch alarm..................................................................................................89
7.5. Asynchronous synchronisation ............................................................................................................90
7.6. Blackout closing ..................................................................................................................................91
7.7. Separate synchronising relay...............................................................................................................92
8. Load sharing
8.1. Load sharing functions.........................................................................................................................94
8.2. Ramp up function.................................................................................................................................95
8.3. Ramp down function.............................................................................................................................97
8.4. Load share controller............................................................................................................................98

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK General information
1. General information
1.1 Warnings, legal information and safety
1.1.1 Warnings and notes
Throughout this document, a number of warnings and notes with helpful user information will be presented.
To ensure that these are noticed, they will be highlighted as follows in order to separate them from the gener-
al text.
Warnings
Warnings indicate a potentially dangerous situation, which could result in death, personal in-
jury or damaged equipment, if certain guidelines are not followed.
Notes
Notes provide general information, which will be helpful for the reader to bear in mind.
1.1.2 Legal information and disclaimer

DEIF takes no responsibility for installation or operation of the generator set. If there is any doubt about how
to install or operate the engine/generator controlled by the Multi-line 2 unit, the company responsible for the
installation or the operation of the set must be contacted.
The Multi-line 2 unit is not to be opened by unauthorised personnel. If opened anyway, the war-
ranty will be lost.
Disclaimer
DEIF A/S reserves the right to change any of the contents of this document without prior notice.
1.1.3 Safety issues

Installing and operating the Multi-line 2 unit may imply work with dangerous currents and voltages. Therefore,
the installation should only be carried out by authorised personnel who understand the risks involved in work-
ing with live electrical equipment.
Be aware of the hazardous live currents and voltages. Do not touch any AC measurement in-
puts as this could lead to injury or death.
1.1.4 Electrostatic discharge awareness

Sufficient care must be taken to protect the terminal against static discharges during the installation. Once the
unit is installed and connected, these precautions are no longer necessary.
1.1.5 Factory settings

The Multi-line 2 unit is delivered from factory with certain factory settings. These are based on average values
and are not necessarily the correct settings for matching the engine/generator set in question. Precautions
must be taken to check the settings before running the engine/generator set.

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK General information
1.2 About the designer's reference handbook

1.2.1 General purpose
This Designer's Reference Handbook mainly includes functional descriptions, presentation of display unit and
menu structure, information about the PID controller, the procedure for parameter setup and reference to pa-
rameter lists.
The general purpose of this document is to provide useful overall information about the functionality of the
unit and its applications. This document also offers the user the information he needs in order to successfully
set up the parameters needed in his specific application.
Please make sure to read this document before starting to work with the Multi-line 2 unit and
the genset to be controlled. Failure to do this could result in human injury or damage to the
equipment.
1.2.2 Intended users

This Designer's Reference Handbook is mainly intended for the panel builder designer in charge. On the ba-
sis of this document, the panel builder designer will give the electrician the information he needs in order to
install the Multi-line 2 unit, e.g. detailed electrical drawings. In some cases, the electrician may use these in-
stallation instructions himself.
1.2.3 Contents and overall structure

This document is divided into chapters, and in order to make the structure simple and easy to use, each
chapter will begin from the top of a new page.

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK General product information
2. General product information

2.1 About
PPU-3 in general
This chapter will deal with the unit in general and its place in the DEIF product range.
2.2 Introduction
PPU-3 in ML-2 range
The PPU-3 is part of the DEIF Multi-line 2 product family. Multi-line 2 is a complete range of multi-function
generator protection and control products integrating all the functions you need into one compact and attrac-
tive solution.
2.3 Type of product

PPU-3 in brief
The Paralleling and Protection Unit is a micro-processor based control unit containing all necessary functions
for protection and control of a generator.
It contains all necessary 3-phase measuring circuits, and all values and alarms are presented on the LCD
display.
2.4 Options
Flexible options
The Multi-line 2 product range consists of different basic versions which can be supplemented with the flexi-
ble options needed to provide the optimum solution. The options cover e.g. various protections for generator,
busbar and mains, voltage/VAr/PF control, various outputs, serial communication, etc.
A complete list of available options is included in the data sheet, document no. 4921240354.
Please see www.deif.com.
2.5 PC utility software warning

Remote operation disclaimer
It is possible to remote-control the genset from the PC utility software, by use of a modem or
TCP/IP. To avoid personal injury, make sure that it is safe to remote-control the genset.

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK Functional description
3. Functional description
3.1 About
This chapter includes functional descriptions of standard functions as well as illustrations of the relevant appli-
cation types. Single-line diagrams will be used in order to simplify the information.
3.2 Standard functions

The standard functions are listed in the following paragraphs.
Regulation modes
● Load sharing
● Fixed frequency
● Fixed power
● Frequency droop
Generator protection (ANSI)

● 2 x reverse power (32)
● 5 x overload (32)
● 6 x overcurrent (50/51)
● Inverse time overcurrent (51)
● 2 x overvoltage (59)
● 3 x undervoltage (27)
● 3 x over-/underfrequency (81)
● Voltage-dependent overcurrent (51V)
● Current/voltage unbalance (60)
● Loss of excitation/overexcitation (40/32RV)
Busbar protection (ANSI)

● 3 x overvoltage (59)
● 4 x undervoltage (27)
● 3 x overfrequency (81)
● 4 x underfrequency (81)
● Voltage unbalance (60)
● 3 x NEL groups
M-Logic (Micro PLC)

● Simple logic configuration tool
● Selectable input/output events
Display
● Status texts
● Info messages
● Alarm indication
● Prepared for remote mounting
● Prepared for additional remote displays
General
● USB interface to PC
● Free PC utility software

● Programmable parameters, timers and alarms

● User configurable texts
3.3 Regulation modes

The unit can e.g. be used for the applications listed in the table below. This depends on the selection of the
running modes.
Mode selection Select regulation mode

Application Fixed frequency Fixed power Droop Load sharing
Island mode, stand-alone χ χ
Island mode, load sharing with other gensets χ χ
Fixed power e.g. to mains χ χ
Regulation modes can be selected via digital inputs, M-Logic or the external communication
protocols.
Governor mode undefined (menu 2730)

After the breaker has been closed, it is required that one regulation mode is selected. In case no mode is
selected or more than one mode is selected, the following action will be performed regardless of the fail class
selected for “GOV mode undef.” in 2730:
1. No mode input active: The unit is changed to manual mode (regulator OFF), and a “GOV mode undef.”
alarm is raised after the delay has expired.
2. More than 1 mode input active: The unit is maintained in the first selected running mode and the “GOV
mode undef.” alarm is raised.
3.4 Fixed frequency

This regulation mode is typically used when the generator is running in island operation/stand-alone. During
island operation/stand-alone, the load connected to the generator cannot be changed through regulation of
the genset. If the fuel supply to the engine is increased or decreased, then the loading of the genset does not
change – only the frequency will increase or decrease as a result of changed fuel supply.
Dependency
Fixed frequency mode is active when:
Input\Active mode Fixed Fixed Fixed

frequency (sync.) frequency frequency
Control inputs Start sync./control 25 ON ON ON
Deload 43 OFF ON OFF
Breaker feedbacks GB open 26 ON ON OFF
GB closed 27 OFF OFF ON
Mode inputs Fixed frequency 48 Mode inputs are not used when the GB is open ON

To activate the use of “Start sync./control” from M-Logic or external communication (e.g. Mod-
bus), the M-Logic command “Start sync./ctrl enable” has to be activated. Alternatively, you can
use the functions “Remote GB ON” and “Remote GB OFF”.
Regulator
The frequency regulator is active in this mode. During fixed frequency operation, the setpoint is typically the
nominal frequency.
3.5 Fixed power

This regulation mode is typically used when the generator is running parallel to the mains. During fixed power
operation, the genset cannot change the frequency because it is maintained by the grid. If the fuel supply to
the engine is increased or decreased, then the frequency of the genset does not change – only the load will
increase or decrease as a result of changed fuel supply.
Dependency
Fixed power mode is active when:
Input Active mode

Fixed power (w/sync.) Fixed power (deload)
Control inputs Start sync./control 25 ON ON
Deload 43 OFF ON
Breaker feedbacks GB open 26 OFF OFF
GB closed 27 ON ON
Mode inputs Fixed P User def. ON ON
Regulator
The power regulator is active in this mode. During fixed power operation, the setpoint is typically adjusted in
the display (menu 7051).
3.6 Frequency droop

This regulation mode can be used on various occasions where it is required that the generator frequency
drops with increasing load.
The governor droop has the purpose of applying stability in the regulation of the engine and
does not give an actual droop if a controller (PPU-3) is installed.

The PPU-3 droop has the purpose of causing an actual speed droop. With this droop activated,
the frequency will actually change with changing load.
Diagram A: high droop setting

In this diagram, the illustrated frequency variation gives a change in the load. This is marked as ΔP.
Freq (Hz)
fNOM
P(kW)
∆P
This can be used if the generator must operate base loaded.
Diagram B: low droop setting

In this diagram, the load change (ΔP) is larger than before. This means that the generator will vary more in
loading than with the higher droop setting.
Freq (Hz)
fNOM
P(kW)
∆P
This can be used if the generator must operate as a peak load machine.

Load sharing with older types of gensets

Droop mode can be used when a new genset is installed in an installation where old gensets are installed
and they operate in droop mode. Then it can be preferred to install the new genset and operate it in droop
mode in order to make equal load sharing with the existing gensets.
Compensation for isochronous governors

When the genset is equipped with a governor only providing isochronous operation, the droop in the PPU-3
can be used to compensate for the missing droop setting possibility on the governor.
Dependency
Droop mode is active when:
Input/Active Mode Droop

Control inputs Start sync./control 25 ON
Deload 43 OFF
Breaker feedbacks CB open 54 OFF
CB closed 55 ON
Mode inputs Frequency droop User def. ON
Regulator
The frequency controller is used in the PPU-3 when operating in frequency droop mode. This means that as
long as the power does not match the frequency, the governor will be controlled up- or downwards. In this
way, the power and the frequency will always end up matching each other according to the adjusted droop
curve.
3.7 P load sharing

This regulation mode is typically used when paralleling two or more gensets. During load sharing operation
with other gensets, the power and frequency of each individual genset can be changed. This means that if the
fuel supply is changed to the engine, then the power of the genset – and subsequently the frequency – will
change.
Dependency
P load sharing mode is active when:

Input Active mode

Load sharing
Control inputs Start sync./control 25 ON
Deload 43 OFF
Breaker feedbacks GB open 26 OFF
GB closed 27 ON
Mode inputs P load sharing 49 ON
bus), the M-logic command “Start sync./ctrl enable” has to be activated. Alternatively, you can
In case the busbar frequency drops more than the setting in menu 2623 during deload, the GB
will be opened regardless of the setting in menu 2622 (Breaker open point).
Regulator
The power and the frequency regulators are active when the load sharing mode is selected. The setpoint is
typically a combination of the signal on the load sharing line and the nominal frequency.
For a detailed description of the load sharing principle, please refer to the chapter “Load shar-
ing”.
Analogue load sharing: when a unit is running alone on the busbar, the regulation mode
should be changed to fixed frequency.
3.8 Regulation active after synchronisation

The PPU-3 is designed to control the generator before, during and after synchronising. However, in rare ca-
ses it may become necessary to deactivate the regulation after the synchronising. This can be the case, e.g.
if other load sharing equipment is installed or if an external power factor controller is installed. Adjust this in
menu 2500.
The regulation will always be active when the circuit breaker is open. It is only possible to stop
the regulation when the circuit breaker is closed.
Principle
The diagrams below show that the regulation is active until the circuit breaker closes (during synchronising).
When the circuit breaker closes, the regulation will only be active for the selected controller, the governor, the
automatic voltage regulator or none of them.
Example 1, menu 2500 is adjusted to “SYNC + GOV + AVR”:

SYNC + GOV + AVR
Regulation Regulation GOV/AVR

GOV Close
regulation
circuit
Regulation Regulation active after
AVR breaker
CB closing
Example 2, menu 2500 is adjusted to “SYNC + GOV”:
SYNC + GOV
Regulation Regulation GOV

GOV Close
regulation
circuit
Regulation active after
AVR breaker
CB closing
Example 3, menu 2500 is adjusted to “SYNC”:
SYNC
Regulation No
GOV Close
regulation
circuit
Regulation active after
AVR breaker
CB closing
3.9 Measurement systems

The PPU-3 is designed for measurement of voltages between 100 and 690V AC. For further reference, the
AC wiring diagrams are shown in the Installation Instructions. In menu 9130, the measurement principle can
be changed between three-phase, single phase and split phase.
The settings can be changed by using the display. Press the JUMP push-button and go to the
menu 9130 or use the USW.
The menu for adjusting the measurement principle looks like this:

Paralleling and Protection Unit
multi-line PPU
G 0 0 0V
9130 AC config.
3 phase L1L2L3
RESET SAVE
Use the or push-button to choose between 1-phase, 2-phase or 3-phase. Press until
SAVE is underscored, and then press to save the new setting.
Configure the PPU-3 to match the correct measuring system. When in doubt, contact the
switchboard manufacturer for information about the required adjustment.
Three-phase
When the PPU-3 is delivered from the factory, the three-phase system is selected. When this principle is
used, all three phases must be connected to the PPU-3.
The following adjustments must be made in order to make the system ready for the three-phase measuring
(example 400/230V AC):
Setting/Adjustment Description Adjust to value

6004 G nom. voltage Phase-phase voltage of the generator 400V AC
6041 G transformer Primary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM
6042 G transformer Secondary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM
6051 BB transformer Primary voltage of the BB voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM
6052 BB transformer Secondary voltage of the BB voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM
6053 BB nom. voltage Phase-phase voltage of the busbar UNOM
Split phase
This is a special application where two phases and neutral are connected to the PPU-3. The PPU-3 shows
phases L1 and L3 in the display. The phase angle between L1 and L3 is 180 degrees. Split phase is possible
between L1-L2 or L1-L3.
The following adjustments must be made in order to make the system ready for the split phase measuring
(example 240/120V AC):


6004 G nom. voltage Phase-phase voltage of the generator 120
6041 G transformer Primary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM
6042 G transformer Secondary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM
6051 BB transformer Primary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM
6052 BB transformer Secondary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM
6053 BB nom. voltage Phase-phase voltage of the busbar UNOM
The measurement UL3L1 shows 240V AC. The voltage alarm setpoints refer to the nominal volt-
age 120V AC, and UL3L1 does not activate any alarm.
Single phase
The single phase system consists of one phase and the neutral.
The following adjustments must be made in order to make the system ready for the single phase measuring
(example 230V AC):

6004 G nom. voltage Phase-phase voltage of the generator 230
6041 G transformer Primary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM Χ √3
6042 G transformer Secondary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM Χ √3
6051 BB transformer Primary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM Χ √3
6052 BB transformer Secondary voltage of the voltage transformer (if installed) UNOM Χ √3
6053 BB nom. voltage Phase-phase voltage of the busbar UNOM Χ √3
The voltage alarms refer to UNOM (230V AC).
3.10 Scaling
Default voltage scaling for the PPU-3 is set to 100 V-25000 V. To be able to handle applications above 25000
V and below 100 V, it is necessary to adjust the input range so it matches the actual value of the primary
voltage transformer. This makes it possible for the PPU-3 to support a wide range of voltage and power val-
ues.
Setup of the scaling can be done from the display by using the jump function or by using the USW.
When changing the voltage scaling in menu 9030, the unit will reset. If it is changed via the
USW, it is necessary to read the parameter again.
Scaling of nominal voltage and voltage read-out is done in menu 9030.

Changing the voltage scaling will also influence the nominal power scaling:
Scalingparameter 9030 Nom. settings 1 to 4 Nom. settings 1 to 4 Menu: 6041, 6051 and
(power) (voltage) 6053
10V-2500 V 1.0-900.0 kW 10.0 V-2500.0 V 10.0 V-2500.0 V
100V-25000 V 10-20000 kW 100 V-25000 V 100 V-25000 V
1kV-75 kV 0.10-90.00 MW 1.00 kV-75.00 kV 1.00 kV-75.00 kV
10kV-160 kV 1.0-900.0 MW 10.0 kV-160.0 kV 10.0 kV-160.0 kV
3.11 Single line diagrams

The PPU-3 can be used for numerous applications. A few examples are shown below, but due to the flexibili-
ty of the product it is not possible to show all applications. The flexibility is one of the great advantages of the
PPU controller.

Stand-alone
Display
Load
Controller
Diesel generator set
Paralleling gensets (load sharing)
Display 1 Display 2
Busbar
Analogue
loadsharing
Controller Controller
Generator Generator
breaker breaker
(GB 1) (GB 2)
G G
Diesel generator set 1 Diesel generator set 2

PLC-controlled system
Display 1 Display 2 Display 3

PLC
Busbar
Modbus
Controller Controller Controller

Generator Generator Generator
breaker breaker breaker
(GB 1) (GB 2) (GB 3)
Load sharing line
G G G
Diesel generator set 1 Diesel generator set 2 Diesel generator set 3
3.12 Sequences
The following section contains information about the sequences of the PPU-3.
These sequences will be described:
Sequence Description
GB ON Synchronising
GB ON Blackout closing
GB OFF Open breaker
GB OFF Deload/open breaker
GB ON sequence/synchronising
The GB ON sequence can be started when the generator is running and the terminal 25 (start sync./control)
is activated. The regulation will start and control the genset in order to synchronise the breaker.
The busbar voltage must be above 70% x UNOM in order to initiate the synchronising.

Interruption of the GB ON (synchronising) sequence

Input 25 deactivated
Input 43 activated 25 ON at the same time
Remote GB OFF activated
GB close
UBB measured below 70% 70% x UNOM
Synchronising failure
GB close failure
Alarm with Trip GB or Block fail class
bus), the M-Logic command “Start sync./ctrl enable” must be activated. Alternatively, you can
GB ON sequence/blackout closing
In order to make a blackout closing, terminal 25 must be activated and the measurements from the busbar
must be missing. The breaker will close if the generator voltage is within the settings of 2110 sync. blackout.
The busbar voltage must be below 30% x UNOM in order to initiate the black busbar closing.
Interruption of the GB ON (blackout close) sequence

Input 25 deactivated
Input 43 activated 25 ON at the same time
Remote GB OFF activated
U gen. not OK Limit set in menu 2112
f gen. not OK Limit set in menu 2111
Black closing not enabled Input function configured and input not activated
GB close
UBB measured above 30%
Alarm with Trip GB or Block fail class
bus), the M-logic command “Start sync./ctrl enable” must be activated. Alternatively, you can
GB OFF/open breaker
The GB can be opened instantly by the PPU-3. The sequence is started by this selection of the control inputs:

Terminal Description Input state

25 Start sync./control ON ON
43 Deload ON ON
48 Fixed frequency ON OFF
User def. Frequency droop OFF ON
The GB open signal will be issued immediately when the combination of the control inputs are as mentioned
in the table above.
GB OFF/deload
The GB can be opened by the PPU-3 after a smooth deload period where the load has decreased to the
breaker open point (menu 2622). The sequence is started by one of the following combinations of inputs:
Terminal Description Input state

25 Start sync./control ON ON
43 Deload ON ON
49 Load sharing ON OFF
User def. Fixed P OFF ON

The GB open signal will be issued when the load has been below the breaker open point for 1 second. In
order to interrupt the deload sequence, the input 43 must be deactivated. Then the PPU-3 will continue the
operation according to the present mode selection. The deload sequence can also be interrupted if the input
“Start sync./control” is deactivated. But then the entire regulation is deactivated.
Start
Start sync./ No De-activate

control ON regulation
Yes
End
No
No regulation DG running De-load ON
Yes Yes
Activate Regulator
regulation mode ≠ No
fixed f/U
Fixed frequency Yes Yes Yes

De-load ON
voltage
Start De-load Open GB
No and open GB (no de-load)
No
GB close
sequence
No
De-load ON
Yes
Yes
De-load ON
No GB OFF
GB ON
No Yes
Start sync./
control ON No
Yes
Regulator mode
according to menu
2501 and mode
inputs
Remote GB ON
The generator breaker ON sequence will be initiated and the breaker will synchronise if voltage and frequen-
cy at the BB are OK, or close without synchronising if the BB voltage is below 30% x UNOM.

Remote GB OFF
The generator breaker OFF sequence will be initiated. Whether the breaker is deloaded before opening de-
pends on the active regulation mode.
Mode Deload Comment

Fixed frequency No GB will be opened immediately
Frequency droop No
P load sharing Yes GB will be deloaded to the GB open point (menu 2622) In case deload is not
possible, the breaker will be opened when BB frequency has dropped to fNOM
- 0.5Hz
Fixed P Yes GB will be deloaded to the GB open point (menu 2622)
3.13 Operation modes

Local
In local mode, the sequences have to be activated with the display push-buttons, and all external commands
are ignored.
The following sequences can be activated in local:
Command Description
Close GB The unit will synchronise and close the generator breaker. If the busbar is black, the unit will
close the GB directly (no sync.)
Open GB The unit will deload and open the generator breaker at the breaker open point
Remote
In remote mode, the command push-buttons are ignored and the sequences have to be activated with com-
mands given in two ways:
1. Digital inputs are used
2. Modbus/Profibus commands are used
The standard PPU-3 is equipped with a limited number of digital inputs, please refer to the In-
stallation Instructions and the Data sheet for additional information about availability.
A unit can be locked in e.g. remote mode by using M-Logic. Please refer to the document Appli-
cation notes, M-Logic.

3.14 Password
3.14.1 Password
The unit includes three password levels. All levels can be adjusted in the PC software.
Available password levels:
Password level Factory setting Access

Customer Service Master
Customer 2000 X
Service 2001 X X
Master 2002 X X X
A parameter cannot be entered with a password that is ranking too low. But the settings can be displayed
without password entry.
Each parameter can be protected by a specific password level. To do so, the PC utility software must be
used. Enter the parameter to be configured and select the correct password level.

The password level can also be changed from the parameter view in the column "Level".
3.14.2 Parameter access

To gain access to adjust the parameters, the password level must be entered:
If the password level is not entered, it is not possible to enter the parameters.
The customer password can be changed in jump menu 9116. The service password can be
changed in jump menu 9117. The master password can be changed in jump menu 9118.
The factory passwords must be changed if the operator of the genset is not allowed to change
the parameters.
It is not possible to change the password at a higher level than the password entered.

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK Additional functions
4. Additional functions
4.1 Alarm function
Alarm function features
The alarm function of the PPU-3 includes the possibility to display the alarm texts, activate relays or display
alarm texts combined with relay outputs.
Setup
The alarms must typically be set up with setpoint, timer, relay outputs and enabling. The adjustable setpoints
of the individual alarms vary in range, e.g. the minimum and maximum settings.
USW 3 setup
DU-2 setup
G 0 0 0V
1170 G U< 1
Relay 5
SP DEL OA OB ENA FC
SP = setpoint. DEL= timer. OA = output A. OB = output B. ENA = enable. FC = fail class.
Alarm display
All enabled alarms will be shown in the display, unless the output A as well as the output B are adjusted to a
“limit” relay.

If output A and output B are adjusted to a limit relay, then the alarm message will not appear
but the limit relay will activate at a given condition.
Definitions
There are three states for an enabled alarm:
1. Alarm is not present:
● The display does not show any alarm. The alarm LED is dark
2. Unacknowledged state:
● The alarm has exceeded its setpoint and delay, and the alarm message is displayed. The PPU-3 is in
the alarm state, and it can only leave the alarm state if the cause of the alarm disappears and the
alarm message is acknowledged at the same time. The alarm LED is flashing.
3. Acknowledged state:
● The alarm will be in an acknowledged state if the alarm situation is present and the alarm has been
acknowledged. The alarm LED is lit with fixed light. Any new alarm will make the LED flash.
Alarm acknowledge
The alarms can be acknowledged in two ways, either by means of the binary input “Alarm acknowledge” or
the push-buttons on the display.
Binary acknowledge input

The alarm acknowledge input acknowledges all present alarms, and the alarm LED will change from flashing
light to fixed light (alarms still present) or no light (no alarms present).
It is not possible to acknowledge individual alarms with the binary alarm acknowledge input.
All alarms will be acknowledged when the input is activated.
Display acknowledge (push-buttons)

The display can be used for alarm acknowledgement when the alarm info window is entered. Pressing the
“INFO” button will open this window.
The alarm information window displays one alarm at a time together with the alarm state (alarm acknowl-
edged or not). If the alarm is unacknowledged, move the cursor to “ACK” and press select to acknowledge it.
Paralleling and Protection Unit
multi-line PPU
G 0 0 0V
3490 Emergency STOP
UN-ACK 8 Alarm(s)
ACK FIRST LAST
Use the and push-buttons to scroll through the alarm list. The alarm list contains
all present alarms.
Relay outputs
In addition to the display message of the alarms, each alarm can also activate one or two relays if this is re-
quired.

Adjust output A (OA) and/or output B (OB) to the desired relay(s).
In the example in the drawing below, three alarms are configured and relays 1-4 are available as alarm re-
lays.
When alarm 1 appears, output A activates relay 1 (R1) which activates an alarm horn on the diagram. Output
B of alarm 1 activates relay 2 (R2). In the diagram, R2 is connected to the alarm panel.
Alarm 2 activates R1 and R4.

Alarm 3 activates R1 and R4.
Several alarms can activate the same relay.
Each alarm can activate none, one or two relays. (None means that only a display message is
given.
R1
OA
Alarm 1
OB Alarm tableau
R2
OA
Alarm 2
OB
R3
OA
Alarm 3
OB
R4
4.2 Alarm inhibit

In order to select when the alarms are to be active, a configurable inhibit setting for each alarm has been
made. The inhibit functionality is only available via the PC utility software. For each alarm there is a drop-
down window where it is possible to select which signals that have to be present in order to inhibit the alarm.


Selections for alarm inhibit
Function Description
Inhibit 1 Input function (alarm inhibit 1) or M-logic output
Inhibit 2 M-logic outputs: Conditions are programmed in M-logic
Inhibit 3
GB ON The generator breaker is closed
GB OFF The generator breaker is open
Run status Running detected and the timer in menu 6160 expired
Not run status Running not detected or the timer in menu 6160 not expired
Generator voltage > 30% Generator voltage is above 30% of nominal
Generator voltage < 30% Generator voltage is below 30% of nominal
The timer in 6160 is not used if digital running feedback is used.
Inhibit of the alarm is active as long as one of the selected inhibit functions is active.
In this example, inhibit is set to Not run status and GB On. Here, the alarm will be active when the generator
has started. When the generator has been synchronised to the busbar, the alarm will be disabled again.
The inhibit LED on the base unit will activate when one of the inhibit functions is active.
Function inputs such as running feedback, remote start or access lock are never inhibited. On-
ly alarm inputs can be inhibited.

4.3 Alarm jump

This function is used to select the behaviour of the display view when an alarm is activated.
Setup is done in menu 6900 Alarm jump:
Enable Action when an alarm is activated

ON (default) The display view will change to the alarm info list
OFF The display view will stay at the present view
4.4 Alarm test mode

To be able to test alarms and associated fail classes, an alarm test mode can be activated in menu 9050.
The alarm test mode can be used to:

1. Test the functionality of specific alarms, e.g. protections.
2. Activate all alarms to check the serial protocol interface to the alarm system.
Available settings in menu 9050:
Setting Description
Enable Enables the possibility to use the alarm test mode function to activate alarms and rela-
ted fail classes
Delay The timer starts running when the alarm test mode is enabled, and when expired, the
alarm test mode will automatically be disabled
Activate 1 alarm Used to activate single alarms by entering the alarm menu number
Activate all alarms Used to activate all alarms available in the software
The function “Activate all alarms” will activate all alarms available in the software. For this rea-
son, alarms not relevant to the specific unit will also be displayed.
4.5 Breaker types

There are three possible selections for the setting of the GB type (menu 6233).
Continuous
This type of signal is most often used combined with a contactor. When using this type of signal, the PPU will
only use the close breaker relays. The relay will be closed for closing of the contactor and will be opened for
opening of the contactor.
If continuous breaker is selected, relay 14 will become configurable.
Pulse (default setting)

This type of signal is most often used with a motorised circuit breaker. With the setting pulse, the PPU will
use the close command and the open command relay. The close breaker relay will close for a short time for
closing of the circuit breaker. The open breaker relay will close for a short time for opening of the breaker.

Compact
This type of signal will most often be used with a compact breaker, a direct-controlled motor-driven breaker.
With the setting compact, the PPU will use the close command and the open command relay. The close
breaker relay will close for a short time for the compact breaker to close. The breaker off relay will close for
the compact breaker to open and hold it closed long enough for the motor in the breaker to recharge the
breaker. If the compact breaker is tripped externally, it is recharged automatically before next closing.
If compact breaker is selected, the length of the breaker open signal can be adjusted. This can
be done in menu 2160.
4.6 Breaker spring load time

To avoid breaker close failures in situations where breaker ON command is given before the breaker spring
has been loaded, the spring load time can be adjusted for the GB.
The following describes a situation where you risk getting a close failure:
1. The genset is in remote mode, the “Start sync./control” input is active, the genset is running and the GB is
closed.
2. The deload input is activated and the GB is opened.
3. If the deload input is deactivated again, the GB will give a GB close failure as the GB needs time to load
the spring before it is ready to close.
Different breaker types are used and therefore there are two available solutions:
1. Timer controlled:
● A load time setpoint for the GB control for breakers with no feedback indicating that the spring is loa-
ded. After the breaker has been opened it will not be allowed to close again before the delay has ex-
pired. The setpoint is found in menu 6230.
2. Digital input:
● A configurable input to be used for feedbacks from the breaker. After the breaker has been opened it
will not be allowed to close again before the configured input is active. The input is configured in the
ML-2 utility software.
If the two solutions are used together, both requirements are to be met before closing of the breaker is al-
lowed.
Breaker LED indication

To alert the user that the breaker close sequence has been initiated, but is waiting for permission to give the
close command, the LED indication for the breaker will be flashing yellow in this case.
4.7 Differential measurement
Differential measurement requires option H5, H7, H8.x, M4 or M15.x.
The differential measurements are all of the definite time type, i.e. two setpoints and timer is activated.

If the differential function is e.g. fuel filter check, the timer will be activated if the setpoint between PA (ana-
logue A) and PB (analogue B) is exceeded. If the differential value drops below the setpoint value before the
timer runs out, the timer will be stopped and reset.
Before filter Differential Differential

limit Alarm
PB
∆ P=PA-PB
PA After filter
Timer
value
Six differential measurements between two analogue input values can be configured, dependent on the unit
options.

The analogue inputs can be selected from the list below.
M4 Analogue 102
Analogue 105
Analogue 108
H5/H7 EIC Oil pressure
EIC Water temperature
EIC Oil temperature
EIC Ambient temperature
EIC Intercooler temperature
EIC Fuel temperature
EIC Fuel delivery pressure
EIC Air filter 1 diff. pressure
EIC Air filter 2 diff. pressure
EIC Fuel pump pressure
EIC Filter diff. pressure
EIC Oil filter diff. pressure
EIC Crankcase pressure
H8.x EXT Ana. ln 1
EXT Ana. ln 2
EXT Ana. ln 3
EXT Ana. ln 4
EXT Ana. ln 5
EXT Ana. ln 6
EXT Ana. ln 7
EXT Ana. ln 8
M15.6 Analogue 91
Analogue 93
Analogue 95
Analogue 97
M15.8 Analogue 127
Analogue 129
Analogue 131
Analogue 133
The configurations are done in menus 4600-4606 and 4670-4676.

Each alarm can be configured in two alarm levels for each differential measurement between the analogue
inputs A and B as follows. The configurations are done in menus 4610-4650 and 4680-4730.
The configurations are done in menus 4610-4650 and 4680-4730.

4.8 Digital input functions

The unit has a number of digital inputs. These inputs can be configured as inputs with dedicated logic func-
tions or they can be configured as alarm inputs.
Input functions
The table below illustrates all the input functions available in the PPU-3 and shows in which operation mode
the described function will be active.

X = function can be activated.
Input function Remote Local Man SWBD Input type Note

1 Access lock X X X X Constant
2 Start sync./control X Constant
3 Deload X Constant
4 Local mode X Pulse
5 Remote mode X Pulse
6 SWBD control X X X Constant
7 Manual mode X X Constant
8 Alarm inhibit 1 X X X X Constant
9 Remote GB ON X Pulse
10 Remote GB OFF X Pulse
11 Remote alarm ack. X X X X Pulse
12 Ext. communication control X Constant
13 Reset analogue GOV/AVR outputs X X X Pulse
14 Manual GOV up X Constant
15 Manual GOV down X Constant
16 Manual AVR up X Constant Option D1
17 Manual AVR down X Constant
18 Island mode X X Constant
19 Fixed frequency X X Constant
20 P load sharing X X Constant
21 Fixed P X X Constant
22 Frequency droop X X Constant
23 Ext. GOV setpoint X X Constant
24 Fixed voltage X X Constant Option D1
25 Q load sharing X X Constant
26 Fixed PF X X Constant
27 Fixed Q X X Constant
28 Voltage droop X X Constant
29 Ext. AVR setpoint X X Constant
30 Enable GB black close X X X Constant
31 Enable sep. sync. X X X Constant
32 GB spring loaded X X X Constant
33 Digital running feedback X X X X Constant Option M4
34 Shutdown override X X X X Constant
35 Low speed X X Constant
36 Battery test X X Constant

37 Start enable X X X Constant

38 Remove starter X X X Constant
39 Remote start X X Pulse
40 Remote stop X X Pulse
41 Remote start and close GB X X X Pulse
42 Remote open GB and stop X X X Pulse
43 GB close inhibit X X X Constant
44 Force analogue LS X X Constant Option G9
45 BTB A pos. feedback ON X X X X Constant
46 BTB A pos. feedback OFF X X X X Constant
47 BTB B pos. feedback ON X X X X Constant
48 BTB B pos. feedback OFF X X X X Constant
49 BTB C pos. feedback ON X X X X Constant
50 BTB C pos. feedback OFF X X X X Constant
51 BTB D pos. feedback ON X X X X Constant
52 BTB D pos. feedback OFF X X X X Constant
Functional description
1. Access lock: Activating the access lock input deactivates the control display push-buttons. It will only be
possible to view measurements, alarms and the log.
2. Start sync./control: The input starts the regulation and the control of the GOV(/AVR) is performed by the
PPU. If the CB is open, then synchronising will start and if the CB is closed, then the selected method of
regulation will depend on the mode input selection.
When the GB is closed and the input is OFF, the PPU is in manual control mode and the
display shows “MANUAL”.
To activate this command from M-Logic or external communication (e.g. Modbus), the
M-Logic command “Start sync./ctrl enable” has to be activated. Alternatively, you can
3. Deload: The input starts the deload function of the PPU. This will either be “Open breaker”, “Deload and
open breaker” or “Prevent synchronising”.
This function only works together with “Start sync./control”.
4. Local: Changes the present running mode to local

5. Remote: Changes the present running mode to remote.
6. SWBD control: Activates switchboard control, i.e. all controls and commands will stop. Protections are still
active.
7. Manual: Changes the present running mode to manual.
8. Alarm inhibit 1: Specific alarms are inhibited to prevent the alarms from occurring.
Essential protections might also be inhibited, if inhibit is used.

9. Remote GB ON: The generator breaker ON sequence will be initiated and the breaker will synchronise if
the busbar voltage is present, or close without synchronising if the busbar voltage is not present.
10. Remote GB OFF: The generator breaker OFF sequence will be initiated. In fixed frequency mode, the
generator breaker will open instantly. In any other mode, the generator load will be deloaded to the break-
er open limit followed by a breaker open command.
11. Remote alarm acknowledge: Acknowledges all present alarms, and the alarm LED on the display stops
flashing.
12. Ext. communication control : When the input is activated, the PPU is controlled from Modbus or Profibus
only.
When load sharing mode is selected through the communication, the analogue load
sharing lines are used.
13. Reset analogue GOV/AVR outputs: The analogue +/-20 mA controller outputs will be reset to 0 mA.
All analogue controller outputs are reset. That is the governor output and the AVR out-
put if option D1 is selected.
If an offset has been adjusted in the control setup, then the reset position will be the
specific adjustment.
14. Manual GOV up: If manual mode is selected, then the governor output will be increased.
15. Manual GOV down: If manual mode is selected, then the governor output will be decreased.
16. Manual AVR up: If manual mode is selected, then the AVR output will be increased.
17. Manual AVR down: If manual mode is selected, then the AVR output will be decreased.
The manual governor and AVR increase and decrease inputs can only be used in man-
ual mode.
18. Island mode : This input deactivates the busbar measurements during breaker operations. This makes it
possible to close the breaker from the PPU even though the generator and busbar are not synchronised.
The PPU will issue the close breaker signal even though the generator and busbar
are NOT synchronised.
If this function is used, additional breakers must be installed between the generator
and the point from where the busbar measurements are taken for the PPU. Other-
wise the generator will close its circuit breaker without synchronism with subse-
quent damage, injury or death.
Serious personal injury, death and damaged equipment could be the result of using
this input without proper safety precautions/testing prior to use. Take precautions
that a high degree of safety is implemented in the application before using this func-
tion.
The function of the application must be checked and tested carefully during the
commissioning when the island mode input is used. This is to ensure that no false
breaker closings occur.
19. Fixed frequency : Input for selection of fixed frequency.
20. P load sharing : Input for selection of load sharing of the active power.
21. Fixed P: Input for selection of fixed active power.
22. Frequency droop : Input for selection of frequency droop.
23. Ext. GOV setpoint : Input for selection of external setpoint for the selected governor regulation mode.

24. Fixed voltage : Input for selection of fixed voltage.

25. Q load sharing: Input for selection of load sharing of the reactive power.
26. Fixed PF : Input for selection of fixed power factor.
27. Fixed Q : Input for selection of fixed reactive power.
28. Voltage droop : Input for selection of frequency droop.
29. Ext. AVR setpoint : Input for selection of external setpoint for the selected AVR regulation mode.
30. Enable GB black close : When the input is activated, the unit is allowed to close the generator on a dead
busbar, providing that the frequency and voltage are inside the limits set up in menu 2110.
31. Enable separate sync. : Activating this input will split the breaker close and breaker synchronisation func-
tions into two different relays. The breaker close function will remain on the relays dedicated for breaker
control. The synchronisation function will be moved to a configurable relay dependent on the options con-
figuration.
32. GB spring loaded : The unit will not send a close signal before this feedback is present.
33. Running feedback : The input is used as a running indication of the engine. When the input is activated,
the start relay is deactivated.
34. Shutdown override : This input deactivates all protections except the overspeed protection and the emer-
gency stop input. The number of start attempts is 7 by default, but it can be configured in menu 6201.
Also a special cool down timer is used in the stop sequence after an activation of this input.
The genset will not shut down in case of serious alarms that would shut down the gen-
set under normal operation.
35. Low speed : Disables the regulators and keeps the genset running at a low RPM.
The governor must be prepared for this function.
36. Battery test : Activates the starter without starting the genset. If the battery is weak, the test will cause the
battery voltage to drop more than acceptable, and an alarm will occur.
37. Start enable : The input must be activated to be able to start the engine.
When the genset is started, the input can be removed.
38. Remove starter : The start sequence is deactivated. This means the start relay deactivates, and the start-
er motor will disengage.
39. Remote start : This input initiates the start sequence of the genset when remote mode is selected.
40. Remote stop : This input initiates the stop sequence of the genset when remote mode is selected.
41. Remote start and close GB : Pulse command to initiate the start sequence followed by synchronisation of
the breaker.
42. Remote open GB and stop : Pulse command to initiate the GB OFF sequence (deload + open) followed
by the stop sequence (cooling down + stop).
43. GB close inhibit : When this input is activated, the GB ON sequence will not be initiated.
44. Force analogue LS : Used to force the analogue load sharing line active in a CANshare application.
Please refer to the document “Description of options - Option G9” for detailed descrip-
tion.
45. -52. BTB A – BTB D pos. feedback BTB feedbacks for BTB position supervision and control of LS sec-
tions in a CANshare application.
Please refer to the document “Description of options - Option G9” for detailed descrip-
tion.
Configuration

The digital inputs are configured via the PC utility software.
Select the input icon in the horizontal toolbar.
The desired input number can now be selected for the individual input function via the roll-down panel.
4.9 Display views

View menu

The view menus (V1, V2 and V3) are the most commonly used menus of the unit. In the view menus, various
screens with up to three view lines in each are shown.
1 G 440 438 440V

2 G-L1 50.1 Hz 440V
3 B-L1 50.0 Hz 440V
4 SETUP V3 V2 V1
1. First display line :Operational status or measurements

2. Second display line : Measurements relating to operational status
3. Third display line : Measurements relating to operational status
4. Fourth display line : Selection of setup and view menus
The menu navigating starts from the fourth display line in the entry window and is carried out using the
, , and push-buttons.
Moving the cursor left or right provides the following possibilities:
SETUP V3 V2 V1
Access to the following Displays operational status and Manual selection Manual selection
sub-menus: selectable measure-ments. with key UP or key with key UP or key
● Protection setup DOWN push-buttons DOWN push-buttons
● Control setup Changes automatically between between up to 20 between up to 20
● Input/Output setup the three first screens: configurable screens configurable screens
● System setup 1. View 1 (GB open)
2. View 2 (Sync.)
3. View 3 (GB closed)
The screens used in V1, V2 and V3 are identical.
View window configuration

The individual view windows need to be configured through the PC utility software.
1. Press the user view configuration icon to go to the configuration.
2. Select the window (view) to be configured.

3. Click the line to be changed.
4. Select the desired view line from the list.

If the text “No text” is selected in all three lines in a window, it will not be displayed. This is to get a contin-
uous displaying if a window is not to be used.
5. Write the new setup to the unit.


Available view lines
View line Description

Generator voltage
G ### ### ###V Generator phase-phase voltage L1, L2 and L3
G U-L1N ###V Generator phase-neutral voltage, L1
G U-L1L2 ###V Generator phase-phase voltage, L1L2
G U-Max ###V Highest generator voltage
G U-Min ###V Lowest generator voltage
Generator current
G ### ### ###A Generator current L1, L2 and L3
G I-L1 ###A Generator current, L1
Generator frequency
G f-L1 #.##Hz Generator frequency, L1
G L1 #.##Hz ###V Generator frequency and phase voltage, L1
Generator power
P ###kW ###% Generator active power in kW and %
G P ###kW Generator total active power
G P L1 ###kW Generator active power, L1
G #.##I PF ###kW Generator power factor and total active power in kW
G #.##I PF ###%P Generator power factor and total active power in %
Q ###kvar ###% Generator total reactive power in kVAr and %
G Q ###kvar Generator total reactive power
G Q L1 ###kvar Generator reactive power, L1
S ###kVA ###% Generator total apparent power in kVA and %
G S ###kVA Generator total apparent power


G S L1 ###kVA Generator apparent power, L1
G ###kVA ###kvar Generator total apparent power and total reactive power
G ###%S ###%Q Generator total apparent power and total reactive power in percentage
G PF #.##Ind Generator power factor
Busbar voltage
BB ### ### ###V Busbar phase-phase voltage for L1, L2 and L3
BB U-L1N ###V Busbar phase-neutral voltage, L1
BB U-L1L2 ###V Busbar phase-phase voltage, L1L2
BB U-MAX ###V Highest busbar voltage
BB U-Min ###V Lowest busbar voltage
Busbar frequency
BB f-L1 #.##Hz Busbar frequency, L1
BB L1 #.##Hz ###V Busbar frequency and phase voltage, L1
Phase angles
G angL1L2 ###.#deg Angle between generator L1 and L2
G AngL2L3 ###.#deg Angle between generator L2 and L3
G AngL3L1 ###.#deg Angle between generator L3 and L1
BB AngL1L2 ###.#deg Angle between busbar L1 and L2
BB-G Ang ###.#deg Angle between busbar L1 and generator L1
Counters
E Tot # ### ###kWh Total active energy production
E Day # ###kWh Daily accumulated active energy production
E Week # ###kWh Weekly accumulated active energy production
E Mth # ### ###kWh Monthly accumulated energy production
RE # ### ###kvarh Total reactive energy production
E Imp # ### ###kWh Total active energy imported
GB operations ### Total number of breaker operations


Run abs. #thrs ###hrs Total generator running hours
Serv. 1 ###d ##h Service timer 1
Requires option M4
Serv. 2 ###d ##h Service timer 2
Requires option M4
### start attempts Total number of start attempts
Requires option M4
Status
Status texts Status text messages
GOV: "regulation mode" Governor regulation mode
AVR: "regulation mode" AVR regulation mode
--------->00<--------- Synchroniser, dynamic and static
####-##-## ##:##:## Date and time
########rpm#### Asynchronous synchroniser
Requires option M4
CANshare section ## Indicates which CANshare section the unit is a part of
Requires option G9
Supply voltage
U-Supply ##.#V DC voltage supply, terminals 1 and 2
U-Supply 98 ##.#V DC voltage supply, terminals 98 and 99
Requires option M4
Symmetrical components
Neg. seq. U #.#% Negative sequence voltage
Neg. seq. I #.#% Negative sequence current
Ground U #.#% Zero sequence voltage
Ground I #.#% Zero sequence current
Pos. seq. U #.#% Positive sequence voltage
Digital inputs
Dig. input 102 # Status of digital input 102 (multi-input 102)
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
Analogue inputs
Analogue 91 ##mA Measurement on 4-20 mA input 91
Requires option M15.6


Analogue 102 ##mA Measurement on 4-20 mA input 102 (multi-input 102 set to 4-20 mA)
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
VDC 102 #.#V Measurement on 0-40V DC input 102 (multi-input 102 set to 0-40V DC)
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
PT 102 #.#°C Measurement on Pt100/1000 input 102 (multi-input 102 set to Pt100 or
Pt1000)
Requires option M4
Pt1000)
Requires option M4
Pt1000)
Requires option M4
VDO oil 102 #.# bar Measurement on VDO input 102 (multi-input 102 set to VDO oil pressure)
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
VDO w. 102 ###°C Measurement on VDO input 102 (multi-input 102 set to VDO water temper-
ature)
Requires option M4


ature)
Requires option M4
ature)
Requires option M4
VDO fuel 102 ###% Measurement on VDO input 102 (multi-input 102 set to VDO fuel level)
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
Requires option M4
MPU ####rpm Engine speed from the magnetic pick-up input
Requires option M4
Batt. asymm. 1 ##.#V Battery asymmetry 1 measurement
Requires option M4
Batt. asymm. 2 ##.#V Battery asymmetry 2 measurement
Requires option M4
4.10 Event log

The logging of data is divided into three different groups:
● Event log containing 150 loggings
● Alarm log containing 30 loggings
● Battery test log containing 52 loggings
The logs can be viewed in the display or in the PC utility software. When the individual logs are full, each new
event will overwrite the oldest event following the “first in – first out” principle.
Display
In the display it looks like this when the “LOG” push-button is pressed:
G 400 400 400V

LOG Setup
Event log
Event Alarm Batt.
Now it is possible to select one of the three logs.
If “Event” is selected, the log could look like this:

G 400 400 400V

4170 Fuel level
06-24 15:24:10.3
INFO FIRST LAST
The specific alarm or event is shown in the second line. In the example above the fuel level alarm has occur-
red. The third line shows the time stamp.
If the cursor is moved to “INFO”, the actual value can be read when pressing “SEL” :
G 400 400 400V

4170 Fuel level
VALUE 8%
INFO FIRST LAST
The first event in the list will be displayed, if the cursor is placed below “FIRST” and “SEL” is pressed.
The last event in the list will be displayed, if the cursor is placed below “LAST” and “SEL” is pressed.
The and push-buttons are used to navigate in the list.
PC utility software
Using the PC utility software, the entire log stack of the last 150 events can be retrieved by activating the log
button on the horizontal toolbar.
The alarms and events are displayed as indicated below. The actual alarms are displayed in the text column
together with selected measurements.
In the right side column, additional data is indicated. This is specific data for the most important measure-
ments. The data is logged for each specific event and is used for troubleshooting after each alarm.

The entire log can be saved in Excel format and used in that particular programme.
4.11 Fail class

All activated alarms must be configured with a fail class. The fail classes define the category of the alarms
and the subsequent alarm action.
Five different fail classes can be used. The tables below illustrate the action of each fail class when the en-
gine is running or stopped.
Engine running
Fail class\Action Alarm horn Alarm dis- Deload Trip of GB Cooling-down Stop gen-
relay play genset set
1 Block X X
2 Warning X X
3 Trip of GB X X X
4 Trip and stop X X X X X
5 Shutdown X X X X
6 Safety stop X X X X X
Safety stop will not deload the GB in Manual or SWBD mode. In this case, the fail class will
have the same functionality as the “Block” fail class.
The table illustrates the action of the fail classes. If, for instance, an alarm has been configured with the “shut-
down” fail class, the following actions occur:
● The alarm horn relay will activate
● The alarm will be displayed in the alarm info screen

● The generator breaker will open instantly

● The genset is stopped instantly
● The genset cannot be started from the unit (see next table)
Engine stopped
Fail class \Action Block engine start Block GB sequence

1 Block X
2 Warning
3 Trip GB X X
4 Trip and stop X X
5 Shutdown X X
6 Safety stop X X
In addition to the actions defined by the fail classes, it is possible to activate one or two relay
outputs, if additional relays are available in the unit.
Fail class configuration

The fail class can be selected for each alarm function either via the display or the PC software.
To change the fail class via the PC software, the alarm function to be configured must be selected. Select the
desired fail class in the fail class drop-down list panel.

4.12 Frequency-dependent power droop

This droop function can be used when the genset is parallel to the mains. In case the frequency drops or
rises due to instability of the mains, the curve for frequency-dependent droop is made to compensate the
power setpoint.
Example:
With a nominal frequency of 50 Hz and an actual frequency of 51.5 Hz, there is a deviation of 1.5 Hz which is
equal to a 3% deviation from the nominal setting. The genset will then droop to 400 kW according to the be-
low vector diagram.
P [KW]
MAX
DBH
HYSH
SLPL
Fixed Power Setpoint
SLPH
HYSL
DBL
MIN
(Fnom-fact)*100/fact [%]
10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%
The above vector diagram is configured with the parameter settings as in the following table.
The curve can be designed inside MIN/MAX [kW] area.

Menu Settings Name Description

7051 450 kW Fixed power setpoint
7121 2 DBL[%] Dead band low in percentages of nominal frequency.
7122 2 DBH[%] Dead band high in percentages of nominal frequency.
7123 1 HYSL[%] Hysterese low in percentages of nominal frequency. If HYSL is set
above DBL, the hysteresis low is disabled.
7124 1 HYSH[%] Hysterese high in percentages of nominal frequency. If HYSH is set
above DBH, the hysteresis high is disabled.
7131 150 MIN[kW] Minimum output of droop handling.
7132 900 MAX[kW] Maximum output of droop handling.
7133 50 SLPL[kW/%] Slope low. The setting determines the increase/decrease of power refer-
ence per percentage the actual frequency drops below nominal frequen-
cy.
7134 -50 SLPH[kW/%] Slope high. The setting determines the increase/decrease of power ref-
erence per percentage the actual frequency rises above nominal fre-
quency.
7143 ON Enable Enable droop curve function.
The frequency-dependent droop is only available in fixed power mode.
4.13 Horn output

All configurable relays can be chosen to be a horn output. This means that the relay can be connected to an
alarm annunciator, e.g. a horn. Every time a new alarm occurs, the horn output will activate.
The horn output will activate on all alarms. The output remains activated until:
● The alarm is acknowledged
● The horn relay timer runs out (automatic reset function)
When a relay is used as a horn relay, it cannot be used for other purposes.
The horn output will not activate on limit switch functions.
Automatic reset
The horn relay function has an automatic reset function. When the timer (menu 6130) differs from 0 seconds,
the horn relay output resets itself when the delay has expired. This is also the situation when the alarm is
STILL present.
The horn output resets when the alarm is still present. This is the function of the “Automatic
reset”.
Manual reset

If the time is set to 0.0 s, the automatic reset of the horn output is disabled. The horn will remain ON until the
alarm is acknowledged by the operator. Now, the status of the alarm changes from unacknowledged (UN-
ACK.) to acknowledged (ACK.).
If the alarm condition is gone when the alarm is acknowledged, then the specific alarm mes-
sage also disappears.
4.14 Kwh/kvarh counters

The controller has two transistor outputs, each representing a value for the power production. The outputs are
pulse outputs, and the pulse length for each of the activations is 1 second.
Term. number Output

20 kWh
21 kVArh
22 Common terminal
The number of pulses depends on the actual adjusted setting of the nominal power:
Generator power Value Number of pulses (kWh) Number of pulses (kVArh)

PNOM <100 kW 1 pulse/kWh 1 pulse/kVArh
PNOM 100-1000 kW 1 pulse/10 kWh 1 pulse/10 kVArh
PNOM >1000 kW 1 pulse/100 kWh 1 pulse/100 kVArh
The kWh measurement is shown in the display as well, but the kVArh measurement is only
available through the transistor output.
Be careful - the maximum burden for the transistor outputs is 10 mA.
4.15 Language selection

The unit has the possibility to display different languages. It is delivered with one master language which is
English. This is the default language, and it cannot be changed. In addition to the master language, 11 differ-
ent languages can be configured. This is done via the PC utility software “Translations” function.
The active language is selected in menu 6080. The language can be changed when connected to the PC
utility software. It is not possible to make language configuration from the display, but already configured lan-
guages can be selected.
SETUP + PPU V 3.00.0

2010-01-02 04:26:02
SETUP MENU
SETUP V3 V2 V1

SYST + G 0 0 0V
G f-L1 0.00Hz
PROTECTION SETUP
PROT CTRL I/O SYST
GEN + G 0 0 0V
SYSTEM SETUP
GENERAL SETUP
GEN MAINS COMM
6080 + G 0 0 0V
6080 Language
English
LANG
G 0 0 0V
LANG + + or SAVE + 6081 Language
English
RESET SAVE
4.16 M-Logic
The M-Logic functionality is included in the unit and is not an option-dependent function; however, selecting
additional options, such as option M12 which offers additional digital inputs and outputs, can increase the
functionality.
M-Logic is used to execute different commands at predefined conditions. M-Logic is not a PLC but substitutes
one, if only very simple commands are needed.
M-Logic is a simple tool based on logic events. One or more input conditions are defined, and at the activa-
tion of those inputs, the defined output will occur. A great variety of inputs can be selected, such as digital
inputs, alarm conditions and running conditions. A variety of the outputs can also be selected, such as relay
outputs, change of genset modes and change of running modes.
The M-Logic is part of the PC utility software, and as such, it can only be configured in the PC
utility software and not via the display.
The main purpose of M-Logic is to give the operator/designer more flexible possibilities of operating the gen-
erator control system.
Please refer to the "Help" function in the PC utility software for a full description of this config-
uration tool.
4.17 Manual governor and AVR control
The manual governor and AVR control function can be activated by pressing more than two seconds,
or by activating the digital inputs or AOP buttons for governor or AVR control in semi-auto mode. The inten-
tion of this function is to give the commissioning engineer a helpful tool for adjustment of the regulation.

When using the display arrows for increasing or decreasing, the output will change as long as the button is
active. For the digital input and AOP buttons, there is a timer so that it is possible to choose how long one
pulse should be; the timer can be set to 0.1-10 sec. For the governor, the timer parameter is 2782 and for
AVR, it is 2784. If for example the timer is set to 5 sec., then one press on the AOP or one pulse from digital
input will give 5 sec. increase or decrease of the output.
The function of the regulation window depends on the selected mode:
G 0 0 0V
P-Q Setp 100% 100%
P-Q Reg. 50% 60%
GOV AVR
4.17.1 Manual mode

In manual mode the regulation is deactivated. When activating the up or down arrows, the output value to
GOV or AVR is changed, this is the Reg. value in the display. The up and down arrows have the same func-
tion as the digital inputs or AOP buttons for governor and AVR control when the window is open. To exit the
regulation window press "back".
Local/remote mode
As in manual mode, the up and down arrows have the same function as the digital inputs or AOP buttons for
governor or AVR control when the window is open.
The value “Setp” can be changed by pressing the up or down arrow. When GOV is underlined, the governor
setpoint will be changed, and vice versa when the AVR is underlined. When changing the “Setp” value, an
offset will be added to or subtracted from the nominal value. The “Reg.” value is the output value from the
regulator. If the genset is running in fixed P/Q, the active or reactive nominal power setpoint value will be
changed. In fixed frequency/voltage, the nominal frequency or voltage setpoint will be changed and also dis-
played. When the “Back” button is activated, the regulation setpoint returns to nominal.
AVR setpoint manipulation requires option D1.
Regarding AOP setup, please refer to “Help” in the PC utility software.
4.18 Nominal settings

Generator
The nominal settings can be changed to match different voltages and frequencies. The PPU has four sets of
nominal values, and they are adjusted in menus 6000 to 6030 (nominal settings 1 to 4).
The possibility to switch between the four sets of nominal setpoints is typically used in appli-
cations where switching between 50 and 60Hz is required.
Activation

The switching between the nominal setpoints can be done in three ways: digital input, AOP or menu 6006.
Digital input
M-Logic is used when a digital input is needed for switching between the four sets of nominal settings. Select
the required input among the input events, and select the nominal settings in the outputs.
Example:
Event A Event B Event C Output

Dig. input no. 115 or Not used or Not used Set nom. parameter settings 1
Not Dig. input no. 115 or Not used or Not used Set nom. parameter settings 2
See the “Help” file in the PC utility software for details.
AOP
M-Logic is used when the AOP is used for switching between the four sets of nominal settings. Select the
required AOP push-button among the input events, and select the nominal settings in the outputs.
Example:
Event A Event B Event C Output

Button07 or Not used or Not used Set nom. parameter settings 1
Button08 or Not used or Not used Set nom. parameter settings 2
See the “Help” file in the PC utility software for details.
Menu settings
In menu 6006, the switching is made between settings 1 to 4 simply by choosing the desired nominal setting.
Busbar
Two sets of nominal settings are available for the busbar (menus 6050 and 6060). Switching between the
busbar nominal setttings can only be done through M-logic. For details, please refer to the previous descrip-
tion about how to handle the generator nominal settings.
If required, the phase angle between the generator and busbar can be adjusted. This is done in menu 9141
for busbar nominal settings 1 and in menu 9142 for busbar nominal settings 2.
4.19 Not in remote

This function can be used for indication or to raise an alarm in case the system is not in remote. The function
is set up in menu 6370.
4.20 Relay setup

The PPU-3 has several relay outputs available. Each of these relays can be given a special function depend-
ing on the required functionality. This is done in the I/O setup (menu 5000-5270).

Relay functions
Function Description
Alarm NE The relay is activated until the alarm that caused the activation is acknowledged and gone.
The alarm LED is flashing or constant, depending on the acknowledged state.
Limit The relay will activate at the limit setpoint. No alarm will appear when both outputs (OA/OB) of
the alarm are adjusted to the limit relay. After the condition activating this relay has returned to
normal, the relay will deactivate when the “OFF delay” has expired. The OFF delay is adjusta-
ble.
Horn The output activates on all alarms. For a detailed description, please refer to the chapter
“Horn output”.
Alarm/re- The functionality is similar to “Alarm”, but with a short-time reset (menu 5002) if the relay is
set ON and another alarm, set to the same relay, is activated.
Siren The output activates on all alarms, like “Horn output”. If the relay is ON and another alarm is
active, a short-time reset (menu 5002) will be activated.
Alarm ND The relay is activated until the alarm that caused the activation is acknowledged and gone.
The alarm LED is flashing or constant, depending on the acknowledged state.
Common The output activates on all alarms, just like the "Horn" function. If the relay is ON and another
alarm alarm is active, a short-time reset will be activated. The common alarm output will be activated
as long as there is an active alarm, also if the alarm is acknowledged.
4.21 Self-check
The controller has a self-check function and a status relay output that responds to this function. The status
relay is prepared for 24V DC/1 A, and it is normally energised.
The self-check is monitoring the programme execution. Should this fail, i.e. in the unlikely event of microproc-
essor failure, then the self-check function deactivates the status relay.
Use the output from the status relay to perform a proper action for the genset application. Typically, this
would mean a shutdown of the genset since it is now operating without protection and control.
The protections in the controller are not functioning when the self-check function deactivates
the status relay.
There are two “Self-check ok” LEDs on the controller. One is placed on the display and one on
the main unit. The LEDs are lit when the unit is fully operational.
4.22 Service menu

4.22.1 Service menu
The purpose of the service menu is to give information about the present operating condition of the genset.
The service menu is entered using the “JUMP” push-button (9120 Service menu).
Use the service menu for easy troubleshooting in connection with the event log.

Entry window
The entry window shows the possible selections in the service menu.
G 0 0 0V
9120 Service menu
Timers
TIME IN OUT MISC
TIME
Shows the alarm timer and the remaining time. The indicated remaining time is minimum remaining time. The
timer will count downwards when the setpoint has been exceeded.
G 0 0 0V
1010 G -P> 2
Remaining time 1.0s
UP DOWN
IN (digital input)
Shows the status of the digital inputs.
G 0 0 0V
Digital input 108
Input = 1
UP DOWN
OUT (digital output)

Shows the status of the digital outputs.
G 0 0 0V
Relay 96
Output A 0
UP DOWN
MISC
Shows the status of the M-Logic.
G 0 0 0V
M-Logic enabled
Various = 1
UP DOWN
4.23 Setpoint selection

Setpoint selection

There are various principles for the PPU to control the genset through setpoint selection. These are internal
or external setpoints or optional control via external communication.
Setpoints via external communication is optional; Modbus (H2) or Profibus (H3).
Start
M-Logic
M-Logic
”Ext. comm.
Yes ”Ext. comm. Yes
ctrl. enabled”
ctrl.” command
command
ON
ON
No
No
”Ext. comm. ”Ext. comm.

Yes Yes
ctrl.” input ctrl.” input
ON configured
No No
”Ext. GOV/AVR
Yes
setpoint”
input ON
No
M-Logic
Setpoint via
No ”Ext. GOV/AVR Yes
comm. enabled
setpoint” command
(menu 750x)
ON
Yes No
Serial comm.
”Ext. GOV/AVR Yes
setpoint” command
ON
No
COMMUNICATION INTERNAL EXTERNAL

setpoint selected setpoint selected setpoint selected
End

Setpoint selection Description

Internal Setpoint is taken from the internal settings e.g. nominal frequency for fixed frequency
External The setpoint is taken from the analogue inputs (+/-10V DC)
Communication Setpoints are taken from the control register
Control setpoints
The control setpoints are described in the table below.
Mode/Setpoint Internal External Communication(Ctrl. reg. table)

Fixed frequency Nom. frequency +/-5 Hz Address 3
Fixed power Menu 7051 0-100% Address 1
Frequency droop Menu 2514 or 2573 +/-5 Hz Address 3
Load sharing Analogue lines +/-5 Hz Analogue lines
External setpoint
The genset can be controlled from internal as well as from external setpoints. The external setpoint is activa-
ted with a digital signal, “Ext. GOV setpoint”, but the setpoint itself is analogue.
The table below shows the possible setpoints.
Mode Input voltage Description

Fixed frequency +/-10V DC fNOM +/-5 Hz
Fixed power +/-10V DC +/-100% *PNOM
Frequency droop +/-10V DC fNOM +/-5 Hz
Load sharing +/-10V DC fNOM +/-5 Hz
When the input “Ext. GOV setpoint” is activated, the setpoint immediately changes from internal setpoint to
external setpoint and the regulation acts accordingly. This will give a sudden change in the governor control.
If a more smooth change of the setpoint is required, then the analogue input on the external setpoint must be
changed stepwise.
Please refer to the manual “Description of option D1” for information regarding external AVR
control.
If option H2 is available in the unit, the external setpoints can be controlled from the control
registers in the Modbus protocol. Please refer to the “Description of option H2” for further in-
formation.
4.24 Start/stop next generator

The load-dependent start/stop functionality uses one relay for “start next generator” and one relay for “stop
next generator”. It is also possible just to use one of the functions if it is not desired to use both the start and
the stop function.

The function load-dependent start and stop does not give the possibilities of a power management system,
such as priority selection and available power calculations. This means that the switchboard manufacturer
must take care of starting and stopping the next genset(s) and their priority.
The relays can be used as inputs for the power management system as an example.
Start next generator (high load) (menu 6520)

The below diagram shows that the delay for the start relay starts when the load exceeds the adjusted start
limit. The relay will deactivate again when the load decreases below the start limit and the off delay has ex-
pired.
R START activates
Power
R START deactivates
START LIMIT
Time
Delay Off delay
The load-dependent start relay reacts based on the power measurement of the controller together with the
breaker closed feedback.
Stop next generator (low load) (menu 6530)

The diagram shows that the stop relay activates after a delay. The timer starts when the load drops below the
adjusted stop level, and when the delay has expired, the relay activates.
The relay deactivates when the load exceeds the stop level when the off delay has expired. The off delay is
adjustable.
Power R STOP deactivates
R STOP activates
STOP LIMIT
Time
Delay Off delay

The load-dependent start relay reacts based on the power measurement of the controller together with the
breaker closed feedback.
Configuration
The settings are configured through the display or through the PC utility software.
PC utility software configuration
Configuration of “Start next gen”:
Output A and output B must be adjusted to the same relay to avoid alarms when the setpoint is
reached.
When a relay has been selected for this function, it cannot be used for other functions.
Start/stop scenario
This diagram shows a (simplified) scenario where 3 DGs are started and stopped depending on the load-de-
pendent start/stop relays.
The scenario shows that genset 2 starts when genset 1 reaches 80%. The next genset to start is DG3, and
the three sets load share at 53%.

When the load of all three gensets drops to the stop limit, which is 20%, then the load-dependent stop relay
activates and a genset (genset 3 in this example) can be stopped. The load continues to drop, and at 20%
load, the next genset to stop is genset 2.
3 DG Scenario
90
80
70
60
50 Gen 1
Power [%]
Gen 2
40 Gen 3
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Time
The above is a simplified scenario.
4.25 Step-up transformer

The controller can be used in applications where the generator is followed by a step-up transformer. I.e. the
measurement of the generator voltage is on a different level than the measurement of the busbar voltage.
The functions available in this application are:
1. Synchronising with or without phase compensation
2. Voltage measurements displayed
3. Generator protections (option-dependent)
4. Busbar protections (option-dependent)
The maximum nominal voltage supported by the controller is 25000V AC.
Applications
Different applications are supported by the controller when a step-up transformer is placed after a generator.
Measurement transformers can be installed on the generator side and the busbar side, or direct inputs be-
tween 100V AC and 690V AC can be connected.
A typical setup includes a low voltage generator, e.g. 400V AC, and a step-up transformer, e.g. 400/10000V
AC. In this case, 400V AC would be connected to the generator inputs and 100 or 110 from the measurement
transformer connected to the busbar inputs.

Measurement transformer
The controller can be adjusted with different measurement transformer ratios. This is adjusted in the system
setup (menus 4020/4030). The advantage is i.a. that synchronising of a circuit breaker can be performed,
even though the voltage measurement points are not placed on the same busbar.
Different measurement inputs

In the controller, it is possible to have different measurement inputs on the generator measurements and the
busbar measurements. Schematically, it looks e.g. like the diagram below where the generator inputs are 440
volt and the busbar inputs are 100 volt.
Busbar 10 kV
Step-up transformer Measurement

10/0.4 kV transformer ratio:
10/0.1 kV
Controller
440V AC
direct input
UNOMINAL = 440V AC
The current measurement point must be placed on the generator side of the step-up transform-
er.
If there is a phase shift in the step-up transformer, then please refer to the chapter “Synchroni-
sation”.
If the transformer has an angle displacement, then synchronising can ONLY be used with Yy1,
Dy1, Yd1, Yy11, Dy11 and Yd11 transformers. (+/-30 deg. phase shift).
The factory setting is 0 degrees, and it has to remain at that value except when one of the six
mentioned transformers is installed between the generator and the busbar measurements.
Any error in this setting will cause a false closing of the breaker! Therefore it is essential to
check the angular precision before allowing the controller to perform a real breaker closing.
Single-line example
The simple diagram below shows a step-up transformer with +/- 30 deg. phase shift depending on the type of
transformer. In order to be able to synchronise the generator circuit breaker, the controller must compensate
for the 30 deg. offset.

Busbar 13.8 kV
Step-up transformer Measurement

13.8/3.3 kV transformer ratio:
±30 deg. phase shift 13.8/0.1 kV
Controller
Measurement
transformer ratio:
3.3/0.1 kV
Measurement
transformer ratio:
3.3/0.1 kV
UNOMINAL = 3.3 kV
When used for synchronising, the controller uses the ratio of the nominal voltages of the generator and the
busbar when calculating the AVR setpoint and the voltage synchronising window (dUMAX).
Example:
A 10000/400V AC step-up transformer is installed after a generator with the nominal voltage of 400V AC. The
nominal voltage of the busbar is 10000V AC. Now, the voltage of the busbar is 10500V AC. The generator is
running 400V AC before the synchronising starts, but when attempting to synchronise, the AVR setpoint will
be changed to UBUS-MEASURED * UGEN-NOM/UBUS-NOM :10500*400/10000 = 420V AC.

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK Protections
5. Protections
5.1 General
The protections are all of the definite time type, i.e. a setpoint and time is selected.
If the function is e.g. overvoltage, the timer will be activated if the setpoint is exceeded. If the voltage value
falls below the setpoint value before the timer runs out, then the timer will be stopped and reset.
Timer setting
Measured
value
Setpoint
Time
Timer Timer Timer Alarm
start reset start
When the timer runs out, the output is activated.
5.2 Phase-neutral voltage trip

If the voltage alarms must work based on phase-neutral measurements, please adjust menus 1200 and 1340.
Depending on the selections, either phase-phase voltages or phase-neutral voltages will be used for the
alarm monitoring.
Phase-neutral Phase-phase
UL3-L1 UL1-N UL1-L2 UL3-L1 UL1-N UL1-L2
UL UL
-N 2-N -N 2-N
U L3 U L3
UL2-L3 UL2-L3
As indicated in the vector diagram, there is a difference in voltage values at an error situation for the phase-
neutral voltage and the phase-phase voltage.
The table shows the actual measurements at a 10% undervoltage situation in a 400/230 volt system.

Phase-neutral Phase-phase
Nominal voltage 400/230 400/230
Voltage, 10% error 380/207 360/185
The alarm will occur at two different voltage levels, even though the alarm setpoint is 10% in both cases.
Example
The below 400V AC system shows that the phase-neutral voltage must change 20%, when the phase-phase
voltage changes 40 volts (10%).
Example:
20%
UNOM = 400/230V AC
Error situation: UL3-L1 UL1-L2
UL1-N
UL1L2 = 360V AC
UL3L1 = 360V AC
-N
UL
U L3 2-N
UL1-N = 185V AC
UL2-L3
∆UPH-N = 20%
Phase-neutral or phase-phase: Both the generator protections and the busbar protections use
the selected voltage.
5.3 Current unbalance calculation

Current unbalance protection can be calculated in two different ways.
● "Ref. to nominal"
Method based on a % calculation with reference to the "I" nominal value.
● "Ref. to average"
Value of "currents unbalance" in % is based on: measured current of each phase in comparison with the
average value of all phase currents.
5.4 Voltage-dependent (restraint) overcurrent

The protection calculates the overcurrent setpoint as a function of the measured voltage on the generator
voltage terminals.
The result can be expressed as a curve function:

200
190
180
% Nominal Current
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
50 60 70 80 90 100
% Nominal Voltage
This means that if the voltage drops, the overcurrent setpoint will also drop.
The voltage values for the 6 points on the curve are fixed; the current values can be adjusted in
the range 50-200%.
Voltage and current % values refer to the nominal settings.
Timer value can be adjusted in the range 0.1-10.0 sec.
5.5 Inverse time overcurrent

Formula and settings used
The inverse time overcurrent is based on IEC 60255 part 151.
The function used is dependent time characteristic, and the formula used is:
 
 
 k 
t(G) = TMS  
 C
 G  
  G   1 
 S  

where
t(G) is the theoretical operating time constant value of G in seconds

k, c, α are the constants characterising the selected curve
G is the measured value of the characteristic quantity
GS is the setting value
TMS is the time multiplier setting
The constants k and c have a unit of seconds, α has no dimension.
There is no intentional delay on reset. The function will reset when G < Gs.
Curve shapes
Time characteristic:
t(G)
GS GT GMAX GD
GS = Inom x LIM
GT = 1.1 x Gs
GMAX = 2.2 x CTp
GT: Minimum trip current

GMAX: Maximum trip current
Inom: nominal current setting
CTp: Current transformer primary

There is a choice between seven different curve shapes, of which six are predefined and one is user-defina-
ble:
IEC Inverse
IEC Very Inverse
IEC Extremely Inverse
IEEE Moderately Inverse
IEEE Very Inverse
IEEE Extremely Inverse
Custom
Common settings for all types:
Setting Parameter no. Factory setting value Equals

LIM 1082 110% LIM = Gs/Inom
TMS 1083 1.0 Time multiplier setting
The following constants apply to the predefined curves:
Curve type k c α
IEC Inverse 0.14 0 0.02
IEC Very Inverse 13.5 0 1
IEC Extremely Inverse 80 0 2
IEEE Moderately Inverse 0.515 0.1140 0.02
IEEE Very Inverse 19.61 0.491 2
IEEE Extremely Inverse 28.2 0.1217 2
For the custom curve, these constants can be defined by the user:
Setting Parameter no. Factory setting value Equals

k 1084 0.140 s k
c 1085 0.000 s c
α 1086 0.020 α
For the actual setting ranges, please see the separate parameter list document.

Standard curves
Time
Sec 100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
IEC Inverse
10
9
8
7 IEEE Moderately Inverse
6
5
4
1
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5 IEEE Very Inverse
.4
IEC Very Inverse
.3
IEEE Extremely Inverse

.2
.1 IEC Extremely Inverse

.5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30
Multiples of LIM
The curves are shown for TMS = 1.
5.6 Reverse power

Two characteristics are available for the reverse power protections; definite (default) and inverse.
If inverse characteristic is selected, the tripping time is dependent on how much the setpoint is exceeded. The
unit will calculate the exact tripping time depending on the alarm settings. The alarm settings define a certain
amount of energy that defines the longest possible tripping time.
When the setpoint is exceeded, the measured energy is calculated according to the setpoint and the time de-
lay. If this value is exceeded, the alarm occurs. The maximum energy (kWh) will never be exceeded, so if the
reverse power increases, the time delay will decrease and vice versa.

The diagram above shows that when the reverse power increases from P1 to P2, the delay will also be short-
er.
Settings related to reverse power protection:
1000 G -P> 1 AND 1010 G -P> 2

Setpoint: Reverse power protection limit
Delay: Time delay
Output A: Select alarm output A
Output B: Select alarm output B
Enable: Enable/disable the protection
Failclass: Action when protection is activated
1020 G -P> characteristic

Char. 1: Tripping characteristic for "1000 G -P> 1"
Char. 2: Tripping characteristic for "1010 G -P> 2"
5.7 Trip of Non Essential Load (NEL)

The trip of Non Essential Load (NEL) groups is carried out in order to protect the busbar against an imminent
blackout situation due to either a high load/current or overload on a generator set or a low busbar frequency.
The unit is able to trip three NEL groups due to:

● the measured load of the generator set (high load and overload)
● the measured current of the generator set
and
● the measured frequency at the busbar.
The load groups are tripped as individual load groups. This means that the trip of load group no. 1 has no
direct influence on the trip of load group no. 2. Only the measurement of either the busbar frequency or the
load/current on the generator set is able to trip the load groups.
Trip of the NEL groups due to the load of a running generator set will reduce the load on the busbar and thus
reduce the load percentage on the running generator set. This may prevent a possible blackout at the busbar
caused by an overload on the running generator sets.

NEL groups are set up in menu 1800 to 1910.
5.8 Reset ratio (hysteresis)

The reset ratio, also known as hysteresis of the individual types of protections (f, Q/P, I and U), can be adjus-
ted in the menu 9040. To access this menu, use the jump function.

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK PID controller
6. PID controller
6.1 Controllers
There are three controllers for the governor control and, if option D1 is selected, also three controllers for the
AVR control.
Controller GOV AVR Comment

Frequency sync. χ Controls the frequency during synchronisation (GB OFF)
Frequency χ Controls the frequency and frequency droop
Power χ Controls the power in fixed power and during ramp up/down
P load sharing χ Controls the active power load sharing
Voltage (option D1) χ Controls the voltage and voltage droop
Reactive power (option D1) χ Controls the power factor and reactive power
Q load sharing (option D1) χ Controls the reactive power load sharing
The tables below indicate when each of the controllers is active. This means that the controllers can be tuned
in when the shown running situations are present.
Governor AVR (option D1) Schematic

Frequency Power P LS Voltage VAr Q LS
GB
χ χ G
GB
G
χ χ
GB
G
6.2 Principle drawing

The drawing below shows the basic principle of the PID controller.
P-part I-part + +
Set point Σ Σ Output
(Kp) (Ti) +
-
D-part
(Td)

 
PID s   Kp  1 
1
 Td  s 
 Ti  s 
As illustrated in the above drawing and equation, each regulator (P, I and D) gives an output which is sum-
marised to the total controller output.
The adjustable settings for the PID controllers in the PPU-3 unit are:
Kp: The gain for the proportional part.

Ti: The integral action time for the integral part.
Td: The differential action time for the differential part.
The function of each part is described in the following.
6.3 Proportional regulator

When the regulation deviation occurs, the proportional part will cause an immediate change of the output.
The size of the change depends on the gain Kp.
The diagram shows how the output of the P regulator depends on the Kp setting. The change of the output at
a given Kp setting will be doubled, if the regulation deviation doubles.
P regulator
100 4% 2%
80
Output (%)
1%
60
40
0.5 %
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Kp
Speed range
Because of the characteristic above, it is recommended to use the full range of the output to avoid an unsta-
ble regulation. If the output range used is too small, a small regulation deviation will cause a rather big output
change. This is shown in the drawing below.

kP 1% regulation
deviation
kP
mA
5 10 15 20 25
A 1% regulation deviation occurs. With the Kp setting adjusted, the deviation causes the output to change 5
mA. The table shows that the output will change relatively much, if the maximum speed range is low.
Max. speed range Output change Output change in % of max. speed range
10 mA 5 mA 5/10*100% 50
20 mA 5 mA 5/20*100% 25
Dynamic regulation area

The drawing below shows the dynamic regulation area at given values of Kp. The dynamic area gets smaller,
if the Kp is adjusted to a higher value.
Dynamic regulation band
100
Kp=50
Kp=10
75
50
25
Kp=1
Frequency 0
[Hz] 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
-25
-50
-75
-100
Output [%]
Integral regulator

The main function of the integral regulator is to eliminate offset. The integral action time, Ti, is defined as the
time the integral regulator uses to replicate the momentary change of the output caused by the proportional
regulator.
In the drawing below, the proportional regulator causes an immediate change of 2.5mA. The integral action
time is then measured when the output reaches 2 x 2.5 mA = 5 mA.
Integral action time, Ti
5 Ti = 10 s Ti = 20 s
mA 3
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
sec
As it appears from the drawing, the output reaches 5 mA twice as fast at a Ti setting of 10 s than with a set-
ting of 20 s.
The integrating function of the I-regulator is increased if the integral action time is decreased. This means that
a lower setting of the integral action time, Ti, results in a faster regulation.
If the Ti is adjusted to 0 s, the I-regulator is switched OFF.
The integral action time, Ti, must not be too low. This will make the regulation hunt, similar to a
too high proportional action factor, Kp.
Differential regulator
The main purpose of the differential regulator (D-regulator) is to stabilise the regulation, thus making it possi-
ble to set a higher gain and a lower integral action time, Ti. This will make the overall regulation eliminate
deviations much faster.
In most cases, the differential regulator is not needed; however, in case of very precise regulation situations,
e.g. static synchronisation, it can be very useful.
The output from the D-regulator can be explained with the equation:

D = regulator output
Kp = gain
de/dt = slope of the deviation (how fast does the deviation occur)
This means that the D-regulator output depends on the slope of the deviation, the Kp and the Td setting.
Example:
In the following example, it is assumed that Kp = 1.
D-regulator
6
Output/deviation
5 Deviation 2
3
D-output 2, Td=1s
2 Deviation 1
D-output 2, Td=0.5 s
1
D-output 1, Td=0.5 s
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Time [s]
Deviation 1: A deviation with a slope of 1.

Deviation 2: A deviation with a slope of 2.5 (2.5 times bigger than deviation 1).
D-output 1, Td=0.5 s:Output from the D-regulator when Td=0.5 s and the deviation is according to Deviation
1.
D-output 2, Td=0.5 s:Output from the D-regulator when Td=0.5 s and the deviation is according to Deviation
2.
D-output 2, Td=1 s: Output from the D-regulator when Td=1 s and the deviation is according to Deviation 2.
The example shows that the bigger deviation and the higher Td setting, the bigger output from the D-regula-
tor. Since the D-regulator is responding to the slope of the deviation, it also means that when there is no
change, the D-output will be zero.
When commissioning, please keep in mind that the Kp setting has influence on the D-regulator
output.
If the Td is adjusted to 0 s, the D-regulator is switched OFF.
The differential action time, Td, must not be too high. This will make the regulation hunt, simi-
lar to a too high proportional action factor, Kp.

6.4 Relay control
Regulator
output
45Hz 50Hz 55Hz

Hz
Fix up signal Up pulse No reg. Down pulse Fix down signal
The regulation with relays can be split up into five steps.
# Range Description Comment

1 Static range Fixed up The regulation is active, but the increase relay will be constantly activa-
signal ted because of the size of the regulation deviation.
2 Dynamic Up pulse The regulation is active, and the increase relay will be pulsing in order to
range eliminate the regulation deviation.
3 Dead band No reg. In this particular range no regulation takes place. The regulation accepts
area a predefined dead band area in order to increase the lifetime of the re-
lays.
4 Dynamic Down pulse The regulation is active, and the decrease relay will be pulsing in order
range to eliminate the regulation deviation.
5 Static range Fixed down The regulation is active, but the decrease relay will be constantly activa-
signal ted because of the size of the regulation deviation.
As the drawing indicates, the relays will be fixed ON if the regulation deviation is big, and they will be pulsing
if it is closer to the setpoint. In the dynamic range, the pulses get shorter and shorter when the regulation
deviation gets smaller. Just before the dead band area, the pulse is as short as it can get. This is the adjusted
time “GOV ON time”. The longest pulse will appear at the end of the dynamic range (45 Hz in the example
above).
Relay adjustments

The time settings for the regulation relays can be adjusted in the control setup. It is possible to adjust the
“GOV period time” and the “GOV ON time”.
As it is indicated in the drawing below, the length of the relay pulse will depend on the actual regulation devia-
tion. If the deviation is big, then the pulses will be long (or a continued signal). If the deviation is small, then
the pulses will be short.
Relay ON
PERIOD PERIOD PERIOD PERIOD PERIOD
ON ON ON ON ON
t [sec]
HIGH <DEVIATION> LOW
"GOV ON time" test

When adjusting the “GOV ON time”, it is important to know how big a change in frequency the setting causes.
If set too high, the risk is that the frequency is adjusted past the dead band which will result in unstable regu-
lation.
In manual mode, the “GOV ON time” can be tested by enabling menu 2605. When doing so, the GOV up
relay will be activated once for the duration of the “GOV ON time”.
Menu 2605 is automatically reset to OFF.
Signal length
The signal length is calculated compared to the adjusted period time. In the drawing below, the effect of the
proportional regulator is indicated.

P regulator
100 4% 2%
80
Output (%)
1%
60
40
0.5 %
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Kp
In this example we have a 2 percent regulation deviation and an adjusted value of the Kp = 20. The calcula-
ted regulator value of the unit is 40%. Now the pulse length can be calculated with a period time = 2500 ms:
e DEVIATION / 100 * t PERIOD

40 / 100 * 2500  1000 ms
The length of the period time will never be shorter than the adjusted ON time.
Settings related to relay control
Setting Description
2601 “GOV ON time” The minimum length of the relay pulse. The relays will never be activated for a
shorter time than the GOV ON time.
2602 “GOV period time” The time between the beginnings of two subsequent relay pulses.
2603 “GOV increase” Relay output for GOV up command.
2604 “GOV decrease” Relay output for GOV down command.
2605 “GOV ON time test” Test function for the minimum pulse length (GOV ON time).
In addition to these settings, the Kp and dead band for the relevant controllers have to be ad-
justed as well.

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK Synchronisation
7. Synchronisation
7.1 Dynamic synchronisation
In dynamic synchronisation the synchronising genset is running at a different speed than the generator on the
busbar. This speed difference is called slip frequency. Typically, the synchronising genset is running with a
positive slip frequency. This means that it is running with a higher speed than the generator on the busbar.
The objective is to avoid a reverse power trip after the synchronisation.
The dynamic principle is illustrated below.
Synchronisation principle – dynamic synchronisation
LOAD
GB
GB
Speed: Speed:
1503 RPM 1500 RPM

G G 50.00 Hertz
50.1 Hertz
Synchronising generator Generator on load

L2 L3
L2 L3 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
L1 L1
L1 L3 L2 L3 L2 L3 L2 L3 L2 L3 L2
L3 L2
Angle
L1gen/L1bus
[deg]
Synchronised
180°
90°
0° ∆t [s]
0s 2.5 s 5.0 s 7.5 s
In the example above, the synchronising genset is running at 1503 RPM ~ 50.1 Hz. The generator on load is
running at 1500 RPM ~ 50.0 Hz. This gives the synchronising genset a positive slip frequency of 0.1 Hz.
The intention of the synchronising is to decrease the phase angle difference between the two rotating sys-
tems. These two systems are the three-phase system of the generator and the three-phase system of the
busbar. In the illustration above, phase L1 of the busbar is always pointing at 12 o’clock, whereas phase L1 of
the synchronising genset is pointing in different directions due to the slip frequency.
Of course both three-phase systems are rotating, but for illustrative purposes the vectors for
the generator on load are not shown to be rotating. This is because we are only interested in
the slip frequency for calculating when to release the synchronisation pulse.
When the generator is running with a positive slip frequency of 0.1 Hz compared to the busbar, then the two
systems will be synchronised every 10 seconds.

Please observe the chapter regarding PID controllers and the synchronising controllers.
In the illustration above, the difference in the phase angle between the synchronising set and the busbar gets
smaller and will eventually be zero. Then the genset is synchronised to the busbar, and the breaker will be
closed.
7.1.1 Close signal

The unit always calculates when to close the breaker to get the most accurate synchronisation. This means
that the close breaker signal is actually issued before being synchronised (read L1 phases exactly at 12
o’clock).
The breaker close signal will be issued depending on the breaker closing time and the slip frequency (re-
sponse time of the circuit breaker is 250 ms, and the slip frequency is 0.1 Hz):
The synchronisation pulse is always issued, so the closing of the breaker will occur at the 12
o’clock position.
The length of the synchronisation pulse is the response time + 20 ms (2020 Synchronisation).
7.1.2 Load picture after synchronising

When the incoming genset has closed its breaker, it will take a portion of the load depending on the actual
position of the fuel rack. Illustration 1 below indicates that at a given positive slip frequency, the incoming
genset will export power to the load. Illustration 2 below shows that at a given negative slip frequency, the
incoming genset will receive power from the original genset. This phenomenon is called reverse power.
To avoid nuisance trips caused by reverse power, the synchronising settings can be set up
with a positive slip frequency.

FUEL INDEX
PGen1 GB
0% 100%
G1
LOAD
FUEL INDEX
PGen2 GB
0% 100%
G2
Illustration 1, POSITIVE slip frequency

______________________________________________________________________________________
FUEL INDEX
PGen1 GB
0% 100%
G1
LOAD
FUEL INDEX
PGen2 GB
0% 100%
G2
Reverse power
Illustration 2, NEGATIVE slip frequency
Adjustments
The dynamic synchroniser is selected in menu 2000 in the control setup and is adjusted in menu 2020 Sync.
Setting Description Comment

2021 fMAX Maximum slip frequency Adjust the maximum positive slip frequency where synchro-
nising is allowed
2022 fMIN Minimum slip frequency Adjust the maximum negative slip frequency where synchro-
nising is allowed
2023 UMAX Maximum voltage differrence The maximum allowed voltage difference between the bus-
(+/- value) bar/mains and the generator
2024 tGB Generator breaker closing Adjust the response time of the generator breaker
time
It is obvious that this type of synchronisation is able to synchronise relatively fast because of the adjusted
minimum and maximum slip frequencies. This actually means that when the unit is aiming to control the fre-
quency towards its setpoint, synchronising can still occur as long as the frequency is within the limits of the
slip frequency adjustments.

Dynamic synchronisation is recommended where fast synchronisation is required, and where

the incoming gensets are able to take load just after the breaker has been closed.
7.2 Static synchronisation

In static synchronisation, the synchronising genset is running very close to the same speed as the generator
on the busbar. The aim is to let them run at exactly the same speed and with the phase angles between the
three-phase system of the generator and the three-phase system of the busbar matching exactly.
It is not recommended to use the static synchronisation principle when relay regulation out-
puts are used. This is due to the slower nature of the regulation with relay outputs.
The static principle is illustrated below.
Synchronisation principle – static synchronisation
LOAD
GB
GB
Speed:
Speed:
1500.3 RPM 1500 RPM
50.01 Hertz G G 50.00 Hertz
Synchronising generator Generator on load

α α α
L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
L3 L3
L3
L3 L2 L3 L2 L3 L2 L3 L2 L3 L2
L2 L2 L2
Angle
L1gen/L1bus
[deg]
Synchronised
30°
20°
10°
0° t [s]
7.2.1 Phase controller

When the static synchronisation is used and the synchronising is activated, the frequency controller will bring
the genset frequency towards the busbar frequency. When the genset frequency is within 50 mHz of the bus-
bar frequency, then the phase controller takes over. This controller uses the angle difference between the
generator system and the busbar system as the controlling parameter.
This is illustrated in the example above where the phase controller brings the phase angle from 30 deg. to 0
deg.

Close signal
The close signal will be issued when phase L1 of the synchronising generator is close to the 12 o’clock posi-
tion compared to the busbar which is also in 12 o’clock position. It is not relevant to use the response time of
the circuit breaker when using static synchronisation, because the slip frequency is either very small or non-
existing.
To be able to get a faster synchronisation, a “close window” can be adjusted. The close signal can be issued
when the phase angle UGENL1-UBBL1 is within the adjusted setpoint. The range is +/-0.1-20.0 deg. This is
illustrated in the drawing below.
± close window
Max. dU difference
UBB Direction of
Max. dU difference rotation
UGEN
The synchronisation pulse is sent according to the settings in menu 2030 Sync.
Load picture after synchronisation

The synchronised genset will not be exposed to an immediate load after the breaker closure if the maximum
df setting is adjusted to a low value. Since the fuel rack position almost exactly equals what is required to run
at the busbar frequency, no load jump will occur.
If the maximum df setting is adjusted to a high value, then the observations in the section about “dynamic
synchronisation” must be observed.
Static synchronisation is recommended where a slip frequency is not accepted, for instance if
several gensets synchronise to a busbar with no load groups connected.
Static synhronisation types

It is possible to select between three different functions of the static synchronisation, depending on applica-
tion requirements.

Breaker Normal functionality; a breaker ON pulse is activated when the requirements for synchroni-
sync.: sation are fulfilled.
Sync. This function makes the unit act solely as a check synchroniser, e.g. no regulation of fre-
check: quency and/or voltage will be performed. A constant GB ON command is activated as long
as the requirements for synchronisation are fulfilled. The “GB close failure” alarm is not ac-
tive when this function is selected. This function does not require any hardware for regula-
tion.
Infinite The generator is kept in synchronism with the busbar, and no breaker command is used.
sync.:
Settings
The following settings must be adjusted, if the static synchroniser is selected:
Setting Description Comment

2031 Maximum df The maximum allowed frequency difference between the +/- value
busbar/mains and the generator
2032 Maximum dU The maximum allowed voltage difference between the bus- +/- value, related to the
bar/mains and the generator nominal generator volt-
age
2033 Closing win- The size of the window where the synchronisation pulse +/- value
dow can be released
2034 Static sync. Minimum time inside the phase window before sending a
close command
2035 Static type Selection of synchronisation type See separate descrip-
tion
7.3 Synchronising controller

A dedicated controller is used whenever synchronising is activated. After a successful synchronisation, the
frequency synchronisation controller is deactivated and the relevant controller is activated, e.g. the load shar-
ing controller.
The unit provides separate settings for dynamic, static and asynchronous synchronisation which are used ac-
cording to the table below.
Sync. type/Interface type Relay Analogue/PWM

Dynamic 2050 f sync ctrl rel 2040 f sync. control
Static 2050 f sync ctrl rel 2040 f sync. control
2070 Phase ctrl rel. 2060 Phase control
Asynchronous 2090 Async. sync. 2080 RPM sync. ctrl
7.4 Synchronising vector mismatch alarm

During synchronisation, the calculation and synchronisation check is based on BB-L1 and DG-L1 measure-
ments.

The “vector mismatch” alarm (menu 2190) will appear if a phase angle difference between BB L2/L3 and Gen
L2/L3 is above 20 deg.
The vector mismatch alarm will by default block the GB close sequence, but the fail class can
be configured in parameter 2196.
If the phase sequence does not match (e.g. cable mounted incorrectly), a “Phase seq. error”
will appear and block the GB close sequence.
The vector mismatch timer should be set to a value lower than the GB sync. failure timer (pa-
rameter 2131).
7.5 Asynchronous synchronisation
This function requires option M4.

Closing of a breaker for an asynchronous generator (also called induction generator) can be selected in menu
6361 where the selection of generator type is made. When the generator type is set to “asynchronous”, the
closing of the breaker is based on the MPU signal only.
Running feedback
The MPU input must be used as primary running feedback when the asynchronous generator is used. The
start and operation of the generator requires that the nominal speed is adjusted (e.g. 1500 or 1800 RPM).
Breaker closing
When the genset is running, the GB can be closed in local or remote mode. During the GB close sequence,
the speed setpoint will be:
RPM setpoint = RPM nom. + (RPM SLIP min. + RPM SLIP max.)/2.
The acceptable slip frequency is set in menu 2010.
When the speed setpoint is reached, the close GB signal is issued. After the GB has been closed and running
has been detected on the voltage and frequency, the regulation mode will change according to the regulation
mode inputs.
After the GB has been closed, the control of the “asynchronous” generator is the same as for
the “synchronous” type.
7.6 Blackout closing

If required, the unit can be enabled to close the GB on a dead bus. This can be handled in one of the follow-
ing ways:
1. Enable GB black closing in menu 2113
2. Use the digital input function “Enable GB black close”
Setting of “Enable GB black close” input “Enable GB black close” input defined*
2013 “Sync. NOT defined* (default)
blackout”
OFF (default) The unit is not able to close the GB Closing of the GB onto a dead busbar is control-
onto a dead busbar led by the digital input alone
ON The unit will close the GB onto a
dead busbar
*Defined means that the function has been dedicated to a specific input by means of the input/output configu-
ration in the PC utility software.
As shown in the table above, the digital input function “Enable GB black close” will overrule the setting of
menu 2113.
Requirements for blackout closing of the breaker:

Condition Description
Blackout detected Blackout is detected when the voltage on the busbar is below 30% of nomi-
nal busbar voltage
Generator voltage and fre- To initiate the black closing, the generator voltage and frequency have to be
quency OK inside the limits set in menu 2111 and 2112
Using this function involves a risk of closing breakers out of synchronism. It is therefore re-
quired to make external precautions to avoid simultaneous closing of two or more breakers on-
to a dead bus.
7.7 Separate synchronising relay

When the unit gives the synchronising command, then the relays on terminal 17/18/19 (generator breaker)
will activate, and the breaker must close when this relay output is activated.
This default function can be modified using a digital input and extra relay outputs depending on the required
function. The relay selection is made in the menu 2240, and the input is selected in the input settings in the
utility software.
The table below describes the possibilities.

Relay/ Relay selected Relay not selected

Input Two relays used One relay used
Not Synchronising: Synchronising:
used The breaker ON relay and the sync. relay activate at the The breaker ON relay activates
same time when synchronising is OK. when synchronising is OK.
Blackout closing: Blackout closing:

The breaker ON relay and the sync. relay activate at the The breaker ON relay activates
same time when the voltage and frequency are OK. when the voltage and frequency are
OK.
DEFAULT selection
Low Synchronising: Synchronising:
Not possible. Not possible.
Blackout closing: Blackout closing:

The breaker ON relay and the sync. relay activate at the The breaker ON relay activates
same time when the voltage and frequency are OK. when the voltage and frequency are
OK.
High Synchronising: Synchronising:
The relays will activate in two steps when the synchronis- Not possible.
ing is selected:
1. Breaker ON relay activates. Blackout closing:
2. When synchronised, the sync. relay activates. The breaker ON relay activates
See note below! when the voltage and frequency are
OK.
Blackout closing:
The breaker ON relay and the sync. relay activate at the
same time when the voltage and frequency are OK.
When the two relays are used together with the separate sync. input, please notice that the
breaker ON relay will be activated as soon as the GB ON/synchronising sequence is activated.
Care must be taken that the GB ON relay cannot close the breaker, before the sync. signal is
issued by the sync. relay.
The selected relay for this function must have the ‘limit’ function. This is adjusted in the I/O
setup.

PPU-3 DRH 4189340583 UK Load sharing
8. Load sharing
8.1 Load sharing functions
The analogue load sharing line enables the unit to share the active load equally in percentage of the nominal
power. The analogue load sharing is active when the genset is running in P load sharing mode and the gen-
erator breaker is closed.
A voltage signal equal to the load produced by the genset is sent to the load sharing line. When the generator
load is 0%, 0V DC is sent to the load sharing line. When the load is 100%, the voltage will be 4V DC.
This is illustrated in the drawing below.
Load sharing line

V DC
4V DC
100% load
Reverse power Power
100% load
-4V DC
The characteristics of the reactive load sharing line are equivalent.
Principle
The PPU-3 supplies a voltage on the load sharing line equal to the actual load. This voltage comes from an
internal power transducer in the PPU-3. At the same time, the actual voltage on the load sharing line will be
measured by the PPU-3.
If the measured voltage is higher than the voltage from the internal power transducer, then the PPU-3 will
increase its load in order to match the voltage on the load sharing line.
If the measured voltage is lower than the voltage from the internal power transducer, then the PPU-3 will de-
crease its load in order to match the voltage on the load sharing line.

The voltage on the load sharing line will only be different from the voltage from the internal power transducer
if two or more Multi-line 2 units are connected to the load sharing line. For the same reason, it is not necessa-
ry to change between load sharing mode and fixed frequency mode if the PPU-3 is installed in an island
mode application where the operation changes between stand-alone and load sharing mode. Then the mode
inputs can be hardwired.
Examples
These examples show that generators will balance their load depending on the signal on the load sharing
line.
Example 1:
Two generators are running in parallel. The loads of the generators are:
Generator Actual load Voltage on load sharing line

Generator 1 100% 4V DC
The voltage level on the load sharing line can be calculated to:
ULS: (4 + 0)/2 = 2V DC
Now generator 1 will decrease the load in order to match the voltage on the load sharing line (in this example
2V DC). Generator 2 will increase the load in order to match the 2V DC.
The new load share situation will be:
Generator Actual load Voltage on load sharing line

Example 2:
In case of generators of different sizes, the load sharing will still be carried out on the basis of a percentage of
the nominal power.
Two generators supply the busbar. The total load is 550 kW.
Generator Nominal power Actual load Voltage on load sharing line

Generator 1 1000 kW 500 KW 2V DC
Generator 2 100 kW 50 KW 2V DC
Both generators are supplying 50% of their nominal power.
8.2 Ramp up function

In the menu 2610, it is possible to enable a power ramp up function when operating in load sharing mode.
When this function is enabled, the PPU-3 will not balance the load immediately when the breaker is closed,
but will follow the adjusted power ramp up curve (menu 2611). This means that the other generator(s) will
carry the majority of the load during the time where the actual generator is in its ramp up sequence.

The power setpoint is still reflecting the reference on the load sharing line (0-4V DC ~ 0-100%). When the
generator has reached the setpoint, it follows the load without further ramp functions.
The ramp function is initiated when P load sharing mode is selected and the GB closes.
If the ramp up delay point (menu 2613) is used, the actual power production during the delay
period will not match the adjusted value exactly. This is because the regulator setpoint is a mix
between the power and frequency controllers when operating in load sharing mode.
Load sharing/NO RAMP

This diagram shows how the load balances after breaker closing when the ramp function (in load sharing
mode) is deactivated. The load is balanced immediately, followed by load sharing between the two DGs.
kW
DG 1
DG´s loadsharing
time
DG 2 start
Load sharing/RAMP UP FUNCTION

This diagram shows a situation after the breaker closes and where the ramp function is activated. When DG 2
synchronises, it loads up following the ramp curve. Any variations in load will in principle be taken by DG 1,
until the ramp sequence has ended.
In this diagram, no delay point is used (timer 2613 (utility SW: 2612) = o sec.).
kW
DG 1
DG´s loadsharing
DG 2 ramping
time
DG 2 start
Ramp up with load steps

When the GB is closed, the power setpoint continues to rise in ramp up steps, the number of steps in menu
2615. If the delay point is set to 20% and the number of load steps is set to 3, the genset will ramp to 20%,
wait the configured delay time, ramp to 40%, wait, ramp to 60%, wait and then ramp to the present power
setpoint.

Delay, step 1
Delay, step 2
Delay, step 3
Delay, step 4
Delay, step 5
Stop signal
Power [kWh]
Power Set point
Power ramp
[%/s]
GB closed Time [sec]
Ramp up, read Ramp down

from load share line
Freeze power ramp

A way to define the ramp up steps is to use the freeze power ramp command in M-Logic.
Freeze power ramp active:

1. The power ramp will stop at any point of the power ramp, and this setpoint will be maintained as long as
the function is active.
2. If the function is activated while ramping from one delay point to another, the ramp will be fixed until the
function is deactivated again.
3. If the function is activated while the delay timer is timing out, the timer will be stopped and will not contin-
ue until the function is deactivated again.
The delay starts running when the GB has been closed.
Available setpoints
Setpoints available in menu “2610 Power ramp up”:
Ramp speed: Defines the slope of the ramp up.

Delay point: The size of each step.
Delay: Delay at each step before continuing the ramp up.
Enable: Enables the ramp up function in load sharing mode.
Steps: Defines the number of ramp up steps.
Deadband: Deadband for re-entering the ramp up/down sequence.
8.3 Ramp down function

When a GB open command has been issued in load sharing mode, the unit will always perform a ramp down
before opening the breaker.

Setpoints available in menu “2620 Power ramp down”:
Ramp speed: Defines the slope of the ramp down.

Breaker open: The amount of power accepted when opening the breaker.
Breaker open df:The breaker will be tripped during ramp down in case the frequency drops more than the val-
ue defined in this setting.
During power ramp down in all modes, the voltage regulator, if active, must regulate towards
power factor 1. This will ensure that current across the breaker is kept at a minimum.
Distance
The inputs on the PPU-3 that are used for load sharing are high impedance inputs (23.5 kOhm), so a cable
length of 300 metres is no problem.
Remember to always use screened cable.
Load sharing types

The output from the PPU-3 is by default adjusted to match other Multi-line 2 and Uni-line products from DEIF
A/S. This selection enables the load share output to operate in the 5V DC range.
If the load share type is changed to “adjustable” (menu 6390), then the voltage level can be changed in the
range 1.0-5.0V DC (menu 6380). The advantage of this is that the load share output can be connected to or
compared with other systems.
Careful testing must be carried out when different load sharing systems are interconnected.
The reason is that not all systems can be interconnected and still function properly.
If the load share type is changed to “Selco T4800”, the voltage level of the load share line adapts to the re-
quired level of the Selco T4800.
8.4 Load share controller

Load share controller
The load share controller is used in whenever load sharing mode is activated. The load share controller is a
PID controller similar to the other controllers in the system and it takes care of frequency control as well as
power control.
Adjustment of the load share controller is done in menu 2540 (analogue control) or 2590 (relay control).
The primary purpose of the PID controller is always frequency control because frequency is variable in a load
sharing system as well as the power on the individual generator. Since the load sharing system requires pow-
er regulation as well, the PID controller can be affected by the power regulator. For this purpose a so-called
weight factor is used (PWEIGHT).
The regulation deviation from the power regulator can therefore have great or less influence on the PID con-
troller. An adjustment of 0% means that the power control is switched off. An adjustment of 100% means that
the power regulation is not limited by the weight factor. Any adjustment in between is possible.

The difference between adjusting the weight value to a high or low value is the speed at which the power
regulation deviation is eliminated. So if a firm load sharing is needed, the weight factor must be adjusted to a
higher value than if an easy load sharing is required.
An expected disadvantage of a high weight factor is that when a frequency deviation and a power deviation
exist, then hunting could be experienced. The solution to this is to decrease either the weight factor or the
parameters of the frequency regulator.
Analogue load sharing: when a unit is running alone on the busbar, the regulation mode
should be changed to fixed frequency.

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DESIGNER’S REFERENCE HANDBOOK

Paralleling and Protection Unit, PPU-3

2. General product information

DEIF A/S Page 2 of 99

4.20. Relay setup........................................................................................................................................58

DEIF A/S Page 3 of 99

1.1.2 Legal information and disclaimer

1.1.3 Safety issues

1.1.4 Electrostatic discharge awareness

1.1.5 Factory settings

DEIF A/S Page 4 of 99

1.2 About the designer's reference handbook

1.2.2 Intended users

1.2.3 Contents and overall structure

DEIF A/S Page 5 of 99

2. General product information

2.3 Type of product

2.5 PC utility software warning

DEIF A/S Page 6 of 99

3.2 Standard functions

Generator protection (ANSI)

Busbar protection (ANSI)

M-Logic (Micro PLC)

DEIF A/S Page 7 of 99

● Programmable parameters, timers and alarms

3.3 Regulation modes

Mode selection Select regulation mode

Governor mode undefined (menu 2730)

3.4 Fixed frequency

Input\Active mode Fixed Fixed Fixed

DEIF A/S Page 8 of 99

3.5 Fixed power

Input Active mode

3.6 Frequency droop

DEIF A/S Page 9 of 99

Diagram A: high droop setting

This can be used if the generator must operate base loaded.

Diagram B: low droop setting

DEIF A/S Page 10 of 99

Load sharing with older types of gensets

Compensation for isochronous governors

Input/Active Mode Droop

3.7 P load sharing

DEIF A/S Page 11 of 99

Input Active mode

3.8 Regulation active after synchronisation

Example 1, menu 2500 is adjusted to “SYNC + GOV + AVR”:

DEIF A/S Page 12 of 99

SYNC + GOV + AVR

Regulation Regulation GOV/AVR

Example 2, menu 2500 is adjusted to “SYNC + GOV”:

Regulation Regulation GOV

Example 3, menu 2500 is adjusted to “SYNC”:

3.9 Measurement systems

DEIF A/S Page 13 of 99

Paralleling and Protection Unit

Setting/Adjustment Description Adjust to value

DEIF A/S Page 14 of 99

Setting/Adjustment Description Adjust to value