This document provides an overview of how experience is constructed and the role of emotion in experience. It discusses how emotional experience is a coherent narrative that integrates sensory components like arousal, valence, and sensations. Experience emerges from an integration of these elements. Emotion is argued to be central to experience, as cognition, motivation, and action are intertwined with emotion. The document uses an example of a patient who suffered brain damage disconnecting emotion and cognition, showing the importance of emotion for functions like decision-making.
This document provides an overview of how experience is constructed and the role of emotion in experience. It discusses how emotional experience is a coherent narrative that integrates sensory components like arousal, valence, and sensations. Experience emerges from an integration of these elements. Emotion is argued to be central to experience, as cognition, motivation, and action are intertwined with emotion. The document uses an example of a patient who suffered brain damage disconnecting emotion and cognition, showing the importance of emotion for functions like decision-making.
This document provides an overview of how experience is constructed and the role of emotion in experience. It discusses how emotional experience is a coherent narrative that integrates sensory components like arousal, valence, and sensations. Experience emerges from an integration of these elements. Emotion is argued to be central to experience, as cognition, motivation, and action are intertwined with emotion. The document uses an example of a patient who suffered brain damage disconnecting emotion and cognition, showing the importance of emotion for functions like decision-making.
This document provides an overview of how experience is constructed and the role of emotion in experience. It discusses how emotional experience is a coherent narrative that integrates sensory components like arousal, valence, and sensations. Experience emerges from an integration of these elements. Emotion is argued to be central to experience, as cognition, motivation, and action are intertwined with emotion. The document uses an example of a patient who suffered brain damage disconnecting emotion and cognition, showing the importance of emotion for functions like decision-making.
experience, we have to put them first, that is, before the products. Without a clear understanding of experience, the interactive products we design will never be able to properly shape experiences, let alone, to create novel experiences. I close this chapter with further clarifying experience. In Chapter 2, I discuss the key aspects of experience and its implications for the design and evaluation of products. Chapter 3 will expand on reasons why we should bother with an experiential approach to interactive products. Chapter 4 presents a high-level model of experience and Chapter 5 takes a specific design perspective.
1.1 A FIRST GLANCE ON EXPERIENCE
In a seminal paper on emotions, James Russell (2003) advances the idea that emotional experience is the consequence of self-perception and categorization, a construction. In other words, if you find yourself being negatively aroused and running away from a bear, you may—unconsciously—integrate all this into a coherent experience of fear. Russell actually calls it emotional meta-experience because all its components produce low-level experiences in themselves—the felt arousal, the felt valence, the sensation of running, the smell of the bear and so forth—but a process on top, a meta process, creates a coherent whole. As Russell (2003, p. 165) puts it: "Emotional meta-experience is the construction of a coherent narrative, interpreting, packaging, and labeling the episode—thereby integrating this episode with general knowledge." In the context of interactive products, we may use the same basic notion of experience as an emergent story, packaged, labeled, and integrated into our general knowledge of the world. But from what does experience emerge? What are the elements and underlying processes? John McCarthy and Peter Wright (2004) offer the "emotional "as one of their four "threads of experience." Referring to John Dewey, an American Philosopher of the last century, McCarthy and Wright note that "emotions are qualities of particular experiences" (p. 83). To me, it is beyond question that emotion is at the centre of experience. The most compelling argument for this is the observation that emotion, cognition, motivation, and action are inextricably intertwined. Antonio Damasio (1994) made a persuasive case by exposing the consequences of physical severances, through accidents and so forth, of the affective and the cognitive system in the brain. Learning, decision- making and many other higher order intellectual functions crucially depend on emotion. Damasio (1994), for example, wrote about Elliot, one of his patients. Elliot suffered from a brain tumor. Upon removal of the tumor, damage was done to the physiological structures, which connect the cognitive with the affective. Elliot’s intelligence and memory remained intact after the operation; however, he was suddenly unable to even make the simplest decisions. With the heritage of the Cartesian separation of body and mind and the longstanding dismissal of emotions as lowly, savage, and uncivilized, the central role of emotion in cognition was surprising, leading to a resurgence of the interest in emotions in itself and their function. Emotion is further closely linked to action and motivation (e.g., Carver & Scheier, 1989), two aspects not explicitly addressed by McCarthy and Wright’s thread account. However, it permeates their discussion of the emotional thread when they point out that emotions are best viewed from