IB Math – Standard Level Year 1 - Stat Practice Alei - Desert Academy

Descriptive Statistics – Practice Problems (99-04)

1. One thousand candidates sit an examination. The distribution of marks is shown in the following
grouped frequency table.
Marks 1–10 11–20 21–30 31–40 41–50 51–60 61–70 71–80 81–90 91–100
Number of 15 50 100 170 260 220 90 45 30 20
candidates

(a) Copy and complete the following table, which presents the above data as a cumulative
frequency distribution.
(3)
Mark ≤10 ≤20 ≤30 ≤40 ≤50 ≤60 ≤70 ≤80 ≤90 ≤100
Number of 15 65 905
candidates
(b) Draw a cumulative frequency graph of the distribution, using a scale of 1 cm for 100
candidates on the vertical axis and 1 cm for 10 marks on the horizontal axis.
(5)

(c) Use your graph to answer parts (i)–(iii) below,

(i) Find an estimate for the median score.
(2)
(ii) Candidates who scored less than 35 were required to retake the examination.
How many candidates had to retake?
(3)
(iii) The highest-scoring 15% of candidates were awarded a distinction.
Find the mark above which a distinction was awarded.
(3)
(Total 16 marks)

2. At a conference of 100 mathematicians there are 72 men and 28 women. The men have a mean
height of 1.79 m and the women have a mean height of 1.62 m. Find the mean height of the 100
mathematicians.
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)
25
3. The mean of the population x1, x2, ........ , x25 is m. Given that ∑x
i =1
i = 300 and

25

∑ ( x – m)
i =1
i
2
= 625, find

(a) the value of m;

(b) the standard deviation of the population.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

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4. A supermarket records the amount of money d spent by customers in their store during a busy period.
The results are as follows:
Money in $ (d) 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 100–120 120–140
Number of customers (n) 24 16 22 40 18 10 4

(a) Find an estimate for the mean amount of money spent by the customers, giving your answer to
the nearest dollar ($).
(2)

(b) Copy and complete the following cumulative frequency table and use it to draw a cumulative
frequency graph. Use a scale of 2 cm to represent $20 on the horizontal axis, and 2 cm to
represent 20 customers on the vertical axis.
(5)
Money in $ (d) <20 <40 <60 <80 < 100 < 120 < 140
Number of customers (n) 24 40

(c) The time t (minutes), spent by customers in the store may be represented by the equation
2
t = 2d 3 + 3.
(i) Use this equation and your answer to part (a) to estimate the mean time in minutes spent
by customers in the store.
(3)
(ii) Use the equation and the cumulative frequency graph to estimate the number of
customers who spent more than 37 minutes in the store.
(5)
(Total 15 marks)
5. The table shows the scores of competitors in a competition.
Score 10 20 30 40 50
Number of competitors 1 2 5 k 3
with this score

The mean score is 34. Find the value of k.

Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 4 marks)

6. A survey is carried out to find the waiting times for 100 customers at a supermarket.
waiting time number of
(seconds) customers
0–30 5
30– 60 15
60– 90 33
90 –120 21
120–150 11
150–180 7
180–210 5
210–240 3
(a) Calculate an estimate for the mean of the waiting times, by using an appropriate approximation
to represent each interval.
(2)
(b) Construct a cumulative frequency table for these data.

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IB Math – Standard Level Year 1 - Stat Practice Alei - Desert Academy
(1)
(c) Use the cumulative frequency table to draw, on graph paper, a cumulative frequency graph,
using a scale of 1 cm per 20 seconds waiting time for the horizontal axis and 1 cm per 10
customers for the vertical axis.
(4)
(d) Use the cumulative frequency graph to find estimates for the median and the lower and upper
quartiles.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
7. The following diagram represents the lengths, in cm, of 80 plants grown in a laboratory.
20

15
frequency
10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
length (cm)

(a) How many plants have lengths in cm between

(i) 50 and 60?
(ii) 70 and 90?
(2)
(b) Calculate estimates for the mean and the standard deviation of the lengths of the plants.
(4)
(c) Explain what feature of the diagram suggests that the median is different from the mean.
(1)
(d) The following is an extract from the cumulative frequency table.
length in cm cumulative
less than frequency
. .
50 22
60 32
70 48
80 62
. .
Use the information in the table to estimate the median. Give your answer to two significant
figures.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
8. Given the following frequency distribution, find
(a) the median;
(b) the mean.
Number (x) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency (f ) 5 9 16 18 20 7

(Total 4 marks)

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9. The table below represents the weights, W, in grams, of 80 packets of roasted
peanuts.
Weight (W) 80 < W ≤ 85 85 < W ≤ 90 90 < W ≤ 95 95 < W ≤ 100 100 < W ≤ 105 105 < W ≤ 110 110 < W ≤ 115
Number of
5 10 15 26 13 7 4
packets

(a) Use the midpoint of each interval to find an estimate for the standard deviation of the weights.
(3)
(b) Copy and complete the following cumulative frequency table for the above data.
Weight (W) W ≤ 85 W ≤ 90 W ≤ 95 W ≤ 100 W ≤ 105 W ≤110 W ≤ 115
Number of
5 15 80
packets
(1)

(c) A cumulative frequency graph of the distribution is shown below, with a scale 2 cm for 10
packets on the vertical axis and 2 cm for 5 grams on the horizontal axis.

80

70

60

50
Number
of
packets
40

30

20

10

80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115

Weight (grams)

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Use the graph to estimate
(i) the median;
(ii) the upper quartile (that is, the third quartile).
Give your answers to the nearest gram.
(4)

(d) Let W1, W2, ..., W80 be the individual weights of the packets, and let W be their mean. What is
the value of the sum
(W1 – W ) + (W2 – W ) + (W3 – W ) + . . . + (W79 – W ) + (W80 – W ) ?
(2)

(e) One of the 80 packets is selected at random. Given that its weight satisfies
85 < W ≤ 110, find the probability that its weight is greater than 100 grams.
(4)
(Total 14 marks)
10. The speeds in km h–1 of cars passing a point on a highway are recorded in the following table.
Speed v Number of cars
v ≤ 60 0
60 < v ≤ 70 7
70 < v ≤ 80 25
80 < v ≤ 90 63
90 < v ≤ 100 70
100 < v ≤ 110 71
110 < v ≤ 120 39
120 < v ≤ 130 20
130 < v ≤ 140 5
v > 140 0
(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean speed of the cars.
(2)
(b) The following table gives some of the cumulative frequencies for the information above.
Speed v Cumulative frequency
v ≤ 60 0
v ≤ 70 7
v ≤ 80 32
v ≤ 90 95
v ≤ 100 a
v ≤ 110 236
v ≤ 120 b
v ≤ 130 295
v ≤ 140 300
(i) Write down the values of a and b.
(ii) On graph paper, construct a cumulative frequency curve to represent this information.
Use a scale of 1 cm for 10 km h–1 on the horizontal axis and a scale of 1 cm for 20 cars
on the vertical axis.
(5)
(c) Use your graph to determine
(i) the percentage of cars travelling at a speed in excess of 105 km h–1;
(ii) the speed which is exceeded by 15% of the cars.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)
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11. From January to September, the mean number of car accidents per month was 630. From October to
December, the mean was 810 accidents per month.
What was the mean number of car accidents per month for the whole year?
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

12. A taxi company has 200 taxi cabs. The cumulative frequency curve below shows the fares in dollars
($) taken by the cabs on a particular morning.
200

180

160

140

120
Number of cabs

100

80

60

40

20

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Fares ($)

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(a) Use the curve to estimate
(i) the median fare;
(ii) the number of cabs in which the fare taken is $35 or less.
(2)

The company charges 55 cents per kilometre for distance travelled. There are no other charges. Use
the curve to answer the following.
(b) On that morning, 40% of the cabs travel less than a km. Find the value of a.
(4)

(c) What percentage of the cabs travel more than 90 km on that morning?
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

13. Three positive integers a, b, and c, where a < b < c, are such that their median is 11, their mean is 9
and their range is 10. Find the value of a.
Working:
Answer:
......................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

14. In a suburb of a large city, 100 houses were sold in a three-month period. The following cumulative
frequency table shows the distribution of selling prices (in thousands of dollars).
Selling price P P ≤ 100 P ≤ 200 P ≤ 300 P ≤ 400 P ≤ 500
($1000)
Total number 12 58 87 94 100
of houses
(a) Represent this information on a cumulative frequency curve, using a scale of 1 cm to represent
$50000 on the horizontal axis and 1 cm to represent 5 houses on the vertical axis.
(4)
(b) Use your curve to find the interquartile range.
(3)
The information above is represented in the following frequency distribution.
Selling price P 0 < P ≤ 100 100 < P ≤ 200 200 < P ≤ 300 300 < P ≤ 400 400 < P ≤ 500
($1000)
Number of 12 46 29 a b
houses
(c) Find the value of a and of b.
(2)
(d) Use mid-interval values to calculate an estimate for the mean selling price.
(2)
(e) Houses which sell for more than $350000 are described as De Luxe.
(i) Use your graph to estimate the number of De Luxe houses sold.
Give your answer to the nearest integer.
(ii) Two De Luxe houses are selected at random. Find the probability
that both have a selling price of more than $400000.
(4)
(Total 15 marks)

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15. The number of hours of sleep of 21 students are shown in the frequency table below.
Hours of sleep Number of students
4 2
5 5
6 4
7 3
8 4
10 2
12 1
Find
(a) the median;
(b) the lower quartile;
(c) the interquartile range.
Working:
Answers:
(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(c) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

16. A student measured the diameters of 80 snail shells. His results are shown in the following
cumulative frequency graph. The lower quartile (LQ) is 14 mm and is marked clearly on the graph.
90
80
70
Cumulative frequency

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
LQ = 14
Diameter (mm)
(a) On the graph, mark clearly in the same way and write down the value of
(i) the median;
(ii) the upper quartile.
(b) Write down the interquartile range.
Working:
Answer:
(b) ..................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

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17. The cumulative frequency curve below shows the marks obtained in an examination by a group of
200 students.
200

190

180

170

160

150

140
Number
of 130
students
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Mark obtained

(a) Use the cumulative frequency curve to complete the frequency table below.
Mark (x) 0 ≤ x < 20 20 ≤ x < 40 40 ≤ x < 60 60 ≤ x < 80 80 ≤ x < 100
Number of 22 20
students
(b) Forty percent of the students fail. Find the pass mark.
Working:
Answer:
(b) …………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)
18. The table below shows the marks gained in a test by a group of students.

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IB Math – Standard Level Year 1 - Stat Practice Alei - Desert Academy
Mark 1 2 3 4 5
Number of students 5 10 p 6 2
The median is 3 and the mode is 2. Find the two possible values of p.
Working:
Answer:
…………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)
19. The cumulative frequency curve below shows the heights of 120 basketball players in centimetres.
120

110

100

90

80

70

60
Number of players
50

40

30

20

10

0
160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200
Height in centimetres
Use the curve to estimate
(a) the median height;
(b) the interquartile range.
Working:
Answers:
(a) …………………………………………..
(b) …………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)
20. Let a, b, c and d be integers such that a < b, b < c and c = d.
The mode of these four numbers is 11.
The range of these four numbers is 8.
The mean of these four numbers is 8.
Calculate the value of each of the integers a, b, c, d.
Working:
Answers:
a = ............................., b = .............................
c = ............................., d = .............................
(Total 6 marks)

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IB Math – Standard Level Year 1 - Stat Practice MarkScheme Alei - Desert Academy
Descriptive Statistics – Practice Problems (99-04) Markscheme
1. (a)
Mark ≤ 10 ≤ 20 ≤ 30 ≤ 40 ≤ 50 ≤ 60 ≤ 70 ≤ 80 ≤ 90 ≤ 100
No. of Candidates 15 65 165 335 595 815 905 950 980 1000
(A3) 3
Note: Award (A1) for 165, (A1) for 1000, (A1) if all other entries are
correct.

(b)

1000

900

800

700

600
No. of candidates

500

400

300

200

100

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Marks
(A5) 5
Notes: Vertical axis and scale (A1)
Horizontal axis and scale (A1)
Points (A1)
Curve (allow polygon) (A2)

(c) (i) Median = 46 (M1)(A1)

(ii) Scores < 35: 240 candidates (M1)(A2)
(iii) Top 15% ⇒ Mark ≥ 63 (M1)(A1)(A1) 8
Notes: Accept the answers from the student’s graph.
In each part, award (M1) for the dotted lines on the graph.
[16]

(7 × 12.7 ) +9(2 × 18.6 )

2. Mean = (M1)(M1)(M1)
1 0 0
= 1.7424 (= 1.74 to 3 sf) (A1) (C4)

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[4]
300
3. (a) m= (M1)
25
= 12 (A1) (C2)

 625
(b) s=   (M1)
 25 
=5 (A1)
(C2)
[4]
4. (a) x = $59 (G2)
OR
1 × 2 +03 ×41 +0. + 61. ×. 1 1+ 1 0× 40
x= (M1)
2 + 1 +4. + 61. + .4 0
7860
=
134
= $59 (A1) 2
(b)
Money ($) <20 <40 <60 <80 <100 <120 <140
Customers 24 40 62 102 120 130 134 (A1)

140

120
number
of 100
customers
80

60

40

20

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

money ($) (A4) 5

Note: Award (A1) for the correct scale, (A1) for the points, and (A2)
for the curve.

(c) (i) t = 2d2/3 + 3

Mean d = 59 (M1)
Mean t ≈ 2 × (59)2/3 + 3 (M1)
≈ 33.3 min. (3 sf) (accept 33.2) (A1)

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(ii) t > 37 ⇒ 2d2/3 + 3 > 37 (M1)
2d2/3 > 34
d2/3 > 17 (A1)
d > (17)3/2
d > 70.1
From the graph, when d = 70.1, n = 82 (A1)
number of shoppers = 134 – 82 (A1)
= 52 (A1) 8
[15]
(1 × 1) + (02 × 2) + 0(3 × 5) + (04 × k ) + 0(5 × 3)
5. = 34 (M1)(A1)
k +1 1
4 0k + 3 5 0
= 34 (A1)
k +1 1
⇒k=4 (A1)
(C4)
[4]

6. (a)
x 15 45 75 105 135 165 195 225
f 5 15 33 21 11 7 5 3 (M1)
_
x = 97.2 (exactly) (A1) 2

(b)
x 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
Σf 5 20 53 74 85 92 97 100 (A1) 1
Note: Award (A1) for correct values for x, ∑f.

(c)

100
Σf 90
80
70
60
customers

50
40
30
20
10 Q3
a n
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

(A4) 4
Notes: Award (A2) for 6 or more points correct, (A1) for 4/5 points
correct.
Award (A1) for a reasonable graph, (A1) for the correct axes and the
given scales.

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(d) Median = 87 ± 2 (A1)
Lower quartile = 65 ± 2 (A1)
Upper quartile = 123 ± 2 (A1) 3
[10]
7. (a) (i) 10 (A1)
(ii) 14 + 10 = 24 (A1) 2
(b)
xi fi
 15 1 
 25 5 
 35 7 
 45 9 
 
(A
1)  55 10 (A1)
 65 16 
 75 14 
 85 10 
 
 95 8 
80 (AG)
Note: Award (A0) for using the mid-interval values of 14.5, 24.5 etc.

(i) µ = 63 (A1)
(ii) σ = 20.5 (3 sf) (A1) 4

(c) Assymetric diagram/distribution (A1) 1

(d)

60

cumulative
frequency (A1)
40.5

(A1) { points and

curve
20

50 60 65 70 80
length (cm) (A1) 3
OR Median = 65 (A3) 3
Note: This answer assumes appropriate use of a calculator with
correct arguments.

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OR Linear interpolation on the table: (M1)
 4 − 48 .5 0  4 .5 −03 
  × 6 + 0  × 70 = 65 (2sf) (A1)(A1) 3
 4 − 38  2  4 − 38 
[10]
8. (a) Median = middle number of 75 (M1)
= 38th number
=4 (A1) (C2)
5 + 1 + 48 + 78 + 12 +04
(b) Mean = (M1)
7 5
285
=
75
= 3.8 (A1)(C2)
[4]
9. (a) s = 7.41(3 sf) (G3) 3

(b)
Weight (W) W ≤ 85 W ≤ 90 W ≤ 95 W ≤ 100 W ≤ 105 W ≤ 110 W ≤ 115
Number of 5 15 30 56 69 76 80
packets
(A1)1
(c) (i) From the graph, the median is approximately 96.8.
Answer: 97 (nearest gram). (A2)
(ii) From the graph, the upper or third quartile is approximately 101.2.
Answer: 101 (nearest gram). (A2)4
(d) Sum = 0, since the sum of the deviations from the mean is zero. (A2)
OR
 Wi ∑
∑ ∑
(Wi − W ) = Wi −  8 0  = 0
 8 0
(M1)(A1) 2
 

(e) Let A be the event: W > 100, and B the event: 85 < W ≤ 110
P( A ∩ B)
P(AB) = (M1)
P (B )
20
P(A ∩ B) = (A1)
80
71
P(B) = (A1)
80
P(AB) = 0.282 (A1)
OR
71 packets with weight 85 < W ≤ 110. (M1)
Of these, 20 packets have weight W > 100. (M1)
20
Required probability = (A1)
71
= 0.282 (A1)4
Notes: Award (A2) for a correct final answer with no reasoning.
Award up to (M2) for correct reasoning or method.
[14]

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10. (a) (Using mid-intervals)
6 (7) +5 7 (2 )5+ .5 +. 1 . (5)3
v= (M1)
7 + 2 + . 5+. 5 .
29450
= = 98.2 km h–1 (A1)
300
OR
v = 98.2 (G2)2
(b) (i) a = 165, b = 275 (A1)
(ii)

320

CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
280
255 Cars
Number of cars

240

200

160

120

80
105 kmh –1

40

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 v (kmh–1)

(A4)5
Note: Award (A1) for properly marked scales and axes,
(A2) for 9 correctly plotted points, (A1) for 7 or 8 points,
(A1) for a smooth curve through the points.
(c) (i) Vertical line on graph at 105 km h–1 (M1)
3 0 0− 2 0 0
× 100% = 33.3(±1.3%) (A1)
300
OR
33.3(±1.3%) (A2)
(ii) 15% of 300 = 45 300 – 45 = 255
Horizontal line on graph at 255 cars (M1)
Speed = 114(± 2 km h–1) (A1)
OR
Speed = 114(± 2 km h–1) (A2)4

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IB Math – Standard Level Year 1 - Stat Practice MarkScheme Alei - Desert Academy
[11]
11. Jan–Sept ∑ = 630 × 9 = 5670 (M1)(A1)
Oct–Dec ∑ = 810 × 3 = 2430 (M1)(A1)
5 6 +72 04
x= (M1)
1 2
mean = 675 (A1) (C6)
[6]
12. (a) (i) median fare = $24 (±0.5) (A1)
(ii) fare ≤ $35 => number of cabs is 154 (or 153) (A1) 2

(b) 40% of cabs = 80 cabs (A1)

fares up to $22 (A1)
distance = $22 ÷ $0.55 (M1)
a = 40 km (A1) 4

(c) Distance 90 km => fare = 90 × $0.55

= $49.50 (A1)
Fare $49.50 => number of cabs = 200 –186 (M1)
= 14 (A1)
14
Thus percentage is = 7% (A1) 4
200
[10]
13. Median = middle value => b = 11 (A1)
a + b + c a + 1 + 1c
Mean = = = 9 => a + 11 + c = 27 (M1)
3 3
=> a + c = 16 (A1)
Range = c – a = 10 (M1)(A1)
Solving equations simultaneously gives a = 3 (A1) (C6)
[6]
14. (a)
Houses

100
91±1

90

80 75

70

60
350 000

50

40

30
25

20
135±5

240±5

10

100 200 300 400 500 Selling price ($1000)

(A1)(A2)(A1) 4
Notes: Award (A1) for correct axes, scales and labelling, (A1) for
correctly plotted points.
Award (A2) for good curve correctly drawn, (A1) for badly drawn,

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IB Math – Standard Level Year 1 - Stat Practice MarkScheme Alei - Desert Academy
correct curve.
Award (A1) for a correct polygon.
(b) Q1 = 135 ± 5 Q3 = 240 ± 5 (M1)(A1)
Interquartile range = 105 ± 10. (Accept 135 – 240 or 240 – 135.) (A1) 3
Note: Award (M1) for the correct lines on the graph.
(c) a = 94 – 87 = 7, b = 100 – 94 = 6 (A1)(A1) 2

1 (5 ) + 24 (10 ) +62 5(2 ) +9 70(53 ) + 6(054 )

(d) mean = (M1)
1 0 0
= 199 or $199000 (A1)
OR
mean = 199 or $199000 (G2) 2
(e) (i) $350000 => 91.5
Number of De luxe houses ∼100 – 91.5 (M1)
= 9 or 8 (A1)
65 5 65 1
(ii) P (both > 400000) =   = o r  = (M1)(A1) 4
9  8  1 28  7  2
4 9
Note: Award (M1)(A0) for the answers or obtained from
9 16
correct independent probabilities.
[15]
15.
x f Σf
4 2 2
5 5 7
6 4 11
7 3 14
8 4 18
10 2 20
12 1 21
(a) m=6 (A2)(C2)
(b) Q1 = 5 (A2)(C2)
(c) Q3 = 8 (A1)
IQR = 8 – 5 (M1)
= 3 (accept 5 – 8 or [5, 8]) (C2)
[6]
16.
90
80
Cumulative frequency

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
LQ = 14 M = 20 UQ = 24
Diameter (mm)

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IB Math – Standard Level Year 1 - Stat Practice MarkScheme Alei - Desert Academy
(a) (i) Correct lines drawn on graph, (A1)(C1)
median = 20 (A1)(C1)
(ii) Correct lines drawn on graph, (A1)(C1)
UQ = Q3 = 24 (A1)(C1)
(b) IQR = Q3 – Q1(or UQ – LQ) (M1)
= 10 (accept 14 to 24) (A1)
(C2)
Note: Accept 14 to 24, 24 to 14, 14 – 24
or 24 –14.
[6]
17. (a)
Mark (x) 0 ≤ x < 20 20 ≤ x < 40 40 ≤ x < 60 60 ≤ x < 80 80 ≤ x < 100
Number of
22 50(±1) 66(±1) 42(±1) 20
Students
(A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
(b) 40th Percentile ⇒ 80th student fails, (mark 42%) (M2)
Pass mark 43% (Accept mark > 42.) (A1)(C3)
[6]
18. List of frequencies with p in the middle
2 3+ p
eg 5 + 10, p, 6 + 2 ⇒ 15, 8, or 15 < , or p > 7. (M1)
2
Consideration that p < 10 because 2 is the mode or discretionary for
further processing. (M1)
Possible values of p are 8 and 9 (A2)(A2)(C6)
[6]
19. (a) line(s) on graph (M1)
median is 183 (A1) (C2)
(b) Lower quartile Q1 = 175 (A1)
Upper quartile Q3 = 189 (A1)
IQR is 14
(Accept 189 – 175, 175 to 189, 189 to 175 and 175 – 189) (M1)(A1)(C4)
[6]

20. d = 11; c = 11 (A1)(A1)(C1)(C1)

d – a = 8 (or 11 – a = 8) (A1)
a=3 (A1) (C2)
3 + b + 11 + 11  sum 
= 8  or = 8 (A1)
4  4 
b=7 (A1)(C2)
[6]

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