DIGITAL DESIGN

TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

SUBMITTED TO: PROF LAVI TANWAR

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Electronics & Communication Engg. Deptt.

Candidate’s Declaration

I, hereby, declare that the work embodied in this project entitled “TRAFFIC LIGHT
CONTROL SYSTEM” submitted to the Department of Electronics & Communication
Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi is an authentic record of my own
Bonafede work and is correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. This work has been
undertaken taking care of engineering ethics.
Ansh Raj, Deepanshu Varun

Acknowledgement

The success and outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance. We are incredibly
privileged to reach the completion of our project. Due to the supervision and assistance of everyone
involved in this project, we would like to thank them.

We respect and thank 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓. 𝐿𝑎𝑣𝑖 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟, for providing us with an opportunity to do the project
work in 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 and providing us with every support
and guidance. We are fortunate enough to get constant encouragement and motivation from all
Teaching staffs of [Electronics & Communication Department] who played an essential role in the
completion of our work.
We would also like to acknowledge the involvement of our parents. They were accommodating to get
all the components and verify our work. This project would not have been complete without their love
and support.
Last but not least, we would thank the Almighty for giving us the strength and courage to reach the
completion of our hard work.

Index
Contents

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………

Traffic Light Control……………………………………………………………………………

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………

Introduction…………………………………………………………………..................

Components…..…………………………………………………………………………………

Battery…………………………………………………………………………………

Resistors………………………………………………………………………………

Capacitors………………………………………………………………………………

Diodes…………………………………………………………………………………

555 Timer IC…………………………………………………………………………..

4017 IC counter………………………………………………………………………..

1M Potentiometer……………………………………………………………………...

LEDs……………………………………………………………………………………

Wires……………………………………………………………………………………

Circuit Diagram…………………………………………………………………………………

Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………

Result……………………………………………………………………………………………

References………………………………………………………………………………………
 Traffic Light Control System
Abstract
We propose a system based on PIC microcontroller that evaluates the traffic density using IR sensors
and accomplishes dynamic timing slots with different levels. Moreover, a portable controller device is
designed to solve the problem of emergency vehicles stuck in the overcrowded roads. In the
traffic light controller, a seven-segment display is used as a counter display, and three LEDs are used
for the purpose of traffic light control. An Microcontroller is the brain of this whole project and is
used to initiate the traffic signal at the intersections on road. This system makes use of a crystal
oscillator for generating frequency clock pulses. The LEDs are interfaced to the Port zero of the
microcontroller and are powered with 5v power supply.
The LEDs get automatically switched on and off by making the corresponding port pins of the
microcontroller high, based on the 8051 microcontroller and its programming done by using KEIL
software. At a particular period of time, only the green light holds ON and the other lights remains
OFF, and after sometime, the changeover traffic light control from green to red takes place by making
the succeeding change for glowing of yellow LED. This process continues as a cycle and the timing
for changing the LEDs can be displayed with the use of a seven-segment LED display in this project.
This traffic light control system can be further enhanced in such a way to control the traffic signals
automatically based on the traffic density on roads with the help of IR sensor modules with automatic
turnoff if there are no vehicles on either side of the road which leads to power consumption.

Introduction

Traffic Lights are used to control the vehicular traffic. In the modern era, everyone has
different types of vehicles resulting in rise to the numbers of vehicles. That’s why traffic
lights are mandatory to avoid the traffic jams and accidents. There are three lights in the
traffic signal, having different message for the drivers. Red light (upper one) asks the driver
to yield at the intersection, green light (last one) gives the driver free license to drive through
the intersection whereas the yellow light (middle one) alerts the driver to wait if the next light
is red one or get ready to go / turn the engine ON if the green light is next.
As we all know, the name of the project is “Traffic Light Control”. The fundamental idea of this
simple electronic project is to control the traffic. It can be used to avoid the vehicular collisions and
traffic jams. This project is just a one-way traffic controller, although it can be further modified as
well. Project will work in a way; it provides the instruction to the driver whether to drive through the
intersection or yield at the intersection.

Components
Battery
Its role in this project is to provide a DC input to the circuit. As we are using diodes and
semiconductor-based ICs, it is better to deal with a DC supply. Although, adapters can be used to get
DC outputs from the home network AC supply. Practically, we are using a 9V cell.

Resistor
This component got its explanation within its name. A factor of resistance applied to
flowing electric current. Although every element and wire have internal resistances,
resistors have been used in this project to balance a voltage drop across the LED in this
circuit.

Capacitors
There are two important reasons why every integrated circuit (IC) must have
a capacitor connecting every power terminal to ground right at the device: to protect it
from noise which may affect its performance, and to prevent it from transmitting noise
which may affect the performance of other circuits.

Diodes
LEDs are not connected directly with 4017 counters, as the lights won’t be stable.
We have used the combination of 1N4148 diodes and the LEDs in order to get
the appropriate output.
555 IC Timer
555 timer acts as a pulse generator providing an input to the 4017 counter IC.
Timing of glow of certain lights totally depends upon the 555 timer’s pulse.
4017 IC Counter
The main IC is 4017 counter IC which is used to glow the Red, yellow and green
LED respectively.
1M Potentiometer
We can control the 555 timer’s pulse via the Potentiometer so if you want to
change the time of glow, you can do so by varying the potentiometer, having the
responsibility for the timing.

Circuit Diagram
Methodology

Traffic light control system utilizes the concept of the 4017 counters. The pulses from the 555 timers in the
astable multivibrator mode sets the counter, the counter being a decade counter i.e. each subsequent output will
get high on the negative edge of the previous output pin. For example, the outputs are from Q0 to Q9, as per the
counter, first Q0 will get high. At the moment Q0 gets low, Q1 will start working and so on till Q9.
Now here, the first output, i.e. Q0. So, the first glowing light will be the red light. Then after that output Q1 gets
high, then Q2, Q3, Q4 precisely pins 2, 4,7,10. Since all of these outputs are connected to the 1N4148 diode
(for obvious reasons to avoid the back-emf). The high states of these outputs are collectively joined together
and the form a pretty long interval for the green. The 100-ohm resistor provides for a sink to the extra current
which can possibly damage the LEDs.
Next after illuminating the red LEDs, we have to show them the yellow LED namely Q5(pin no. 1), to get the
engines started. The yellow LED glows for a very short duration and then again, the green lights Similar to
above description Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9 namely pins 5, 6,9,11 are all shorted together to give this a longer interval
than the yellow light.

Result
Red duration = 3 seconds.
Amber duration = 1 seconds
Green duration = 4 seconds
1 = On
0 = Off

References

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/10/traffic-light-control-electronic-
project.html