Case Study 1

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(DUW10022) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSHA)

CASE STUDY 1 (HIRARC)
NAME : DUVENTHIREN LAXMA YOGENDRAN
REG.NO : 01DKM20F1065
CLASS : DKM1B
LECTURER’S : TN. HJ HAZRIL HISHAM BIN HJ HUSSIN
NAME
INTRODUCTION
Power plant is a place to generate energy of electricity for millions of household and
industries. There are many types of power plant all over the world such as gas turbine
power plant, steam turbine power plant, fossil fuel power plant, nuclear power plant,
and hydro power plant. Power plant is a workplace of the high level from hazard,
where safe working procedures are important as workers face many risks due to the
nature of the job. The work environment is often hot and noisy, consist several major
equipment and operations involve in its process, and there is an always present risk for
crushing injuries, electrical shocks and burns, boiler fires and explosions, and contact
with hazardous chemicals. Due to the risky workplaces that power plants constitute,
the companies need to assure safe working conditions through systematic and regular
hazard identification and risk assessment. Safety procedures and regulations need to
be followed by the management as well as the workers. Many business enterprises
have proven that good safety management leads to increased productivity, and the
same works for power plant. By having a good safety management program, not only
minor injuries can be avoided, but also other incidents that are costly, time consuming,
stressful and inconvenient. Due to this reason for reduction of all occupational
diseases, injuries/fatalities, corrective and preventive measure should be done.
OHSAS 18001:2007 (clause 4.3.1), suggested that a safety procedure is a must to
ensure the identification of hazard, risk assessment, and its determination to eliminate,
reduce or control the possibility for any accidents to occur. Thus, this paper highlights
report on hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control applied in the coal-
fired power plant located in Malaysia. It includes the methodological steps to identify
hazard, assess the risk level of the hazards and apply or suggest the possible control
measures and corrective actions to reduce or eliminate the risk.
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazard identification is part of the process used to evaluate if any particular

situation, item, thing, etc. may have the potential to cause harm. The term often
used to describe the full process is risk assesment:
 Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm
(hazard identification).
 Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard
(risk analysis, and risk evaluation).
 Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard
cannot be eliminated (risk control).
Overall, the goal of hazard identification is to find and record possible hazards
that may be present in your workplace. It may help to work as a team and
include both people familiar with the work area, as well as people who are not
– this way you have both the experienced and fresh eye to conduct the
inspection.
A common way to classify hazards is by category:

 Biological – bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans, etc.,
 Chemical – depends on the physical, chemical and toxic properties of the chemical,
 Ergonomic – repetitive movements, improper set up of workstation, etc.,
 Physical – radiation, magnetic fields, temperature extremes, pressure extremes (high
pressure or vacuum), noise, etc.,
 Psychosocial – stress, violence, etc.,
 Safety – slipping/tripping hazards, inappropriate machine guarding, equipment
malfunctions or breakdowns.
Location of Hazard : MACHINE WORKSHOP
Risk matrix reference :
Risk level : Low

Date hazard : 26 OCTOBER 2020
identification
Purpose of hazard : The purpose of hazard identification is to highlight the critical

identification operations of tasks that poses significant risks to the health and
safety of employees as well as highlighting those hazards
pertaining to certain equipment due to energy sources, working
conditions or activities performed. Then risk level is assigned
to each hazard for identifying required corrective action to
minimize the risk or eliminate the hazard. This study was
conducted according to basic of safety procedure which is
hazard identification and risk survey in order to assess the risk
in the plant.
RISK ASSESMENT
Risk assessment is a term used to describe the overall process or method where
you:
 Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm
(hazard identification).
 Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard
(risk analysis, and risk evaluation).
 Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard
cannot be eliminated (risk control).
A risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify those things,

situations, processes, etc. that may cause harm, particularly to people. After
identification is made, you analyze and evaluate how likely and severe the risk
is. When this determination is made, you can next, decide what measures should
be in place to effectively eliminate or control the harm from happening. The
results of risk assessment that presented in a risk matrix are essential to make
decision on risk control.Risk can be calculated using the following formula:
Risk (R) = Likelihood (L) x Severity (S)
RISK CONTROL
Risk control is the elimination or inactivation of hazard in a manner such that

the hazard does not pose a risk to workers. Hazards should be controlled at their
source where the problem is created. Venturini (2011) rating four characteristics
of risk that are commonly identified, according to the measures taken to protect
the plant from risk exposure are:
Excellent: The facility has taken measures exceeding industry
standards and the best practices. Loss potential is
considered significantly reduced.
Good: The fatality has taken measures that are consistent with
industry standards and best practices. Loss potential is
considered to be average.
Fair: The fatality has taken some measures that approach industry
standards and best practices, however deficiencies exist.
Loss potential is considered somewhat increased.

Poor: The fatality has major deficiencies and does not approach
industry standards and best practices. Loss potential is
considered to be significantly increase

IDENTIFY ASSESS CONTROL
ACTIVITY/
EQUIPMENT
HAZARD EFFECT L S RI
S
LE
G HIRARC
EXISTING
CONTROL
SIG
FORM ADDITIONAL
CONTROL
ST
LOCATION: MACHINE WORKSHOP K A MEASURES
DATE: 26/10/20 L
CONVENTIONAL PHYSICAL Minor and 4 3 8 L Provide PPE. MS Safety gloves. NOT C
MILLING Sharp edges on cutters major cuts
MACHINE can cause cuts. on hands.
BIOLOGICAL
Scrap metal,metal dust. Eyes and Safety gloves and
hands may 4 3 5 L Provide PPE MS safety googles
injured.
ERGONOMIC
Close contact with Safety gloves
cutter Can cause
the hands to 1 2 4 L
stuck on the Provide PPE MS
cutter.
PSYCHOLOGICAL Ear plugs.
Noisy surrounding
Stressful
workplace 4 1 4 L
and might Provide PPE MS
loose focus.
SURFACE PHYSICAL Minor and 4 3 4 L Provide PPE. MS Safety gloves NOT C

GRINDING Sharp edges on cutters major cuts
MACHINES can cause cuts. on hands.
BIOLOGICAL Safety gloves

Spark produced from Eye and MS
the workpiece cause of hands may 3 2 3 L Provide PPE
friction. injured.
ERGONOMIC Be more aware

Close contact with Can cause
cutter. the hands to 4 2 3 L Provide PPE. MS
stuck on the Fold up
PSYCHOLOGICAL cutter. sleeves. Ear plugs
Noisy surrounding.
Stressful
workplace 3 2 3 MS
and might L
loose focus. Provide PPE
MANUAL LATHE PHYSICAL Minor and 2 4 2 L Provide PPE. MS Safety gloves NOT C
MACHINE Sharp drill bit and cutter major cuts
can cause cuts. on hands.
BIOLOGICAL Safety googles

Metal waste can cause Eyes and and gloves
harm to hands. hands may 2 3 2 L Provide PPE MS
injured.
ERGONOMIC Be more aware
Close contact with drill and concentrate
bit and cutter. Can cause 3 1 3 L Fold up
the hands to sleeves. MS
PSYCHOLOGICAL stuck on the Ear plug
Noisy surrounding. drill.
3 2 3 L
CONCLUSION
In this paper we investigate and describe work related accidents at power plants
based on HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control)
process. The risk ranking of the present and possible hazard is evaluated which
divide them into low, medium, high and extreme risk level. Which risks are in
high and extreme level there possible corrective action also recommended for
risk control. Power plant need to assess the risk not only for the risk and control
measures but it will conducted for cost if occurred accidents and near miss
incidents at power plant. Hazard identification, risk assessment and control is an
on-going process. Therefore, regularly review the effectiveness of hazard
assessment and control measures is needed.

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DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

(DUW10022) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSHA)

NAME : DUVENTHIREN LAXMA YOGENDRAN

LECTURER’S : TN. HJ HAZRIL HISHAM BIN HJ HUSSIN

Hazard identification is part of the process used to evaluate if any particular

A common way to classify hazards is by category:

Location of Hazard : MACHINE WORKSHOP

Risk matrix reference :

Risk level : Low

Purpose of hazard : The purpose of hazard identification is to highlight the critical

A risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to identify those things,

Risk control is the elimination or inactivation of hazard in a manner such that

Excellent: The facility has taken measures exceeding industry

standards and the best practices. Loss potential is

considered significantly reduced.

industry standards and best practices. Loss potential is

standards and best practices, however deficiencies exist.

Loss potential is considered somewhat increased.

industry standards and best practices. Loss potential is

considered to be significantly increase

SURFACE PHYSICAL Minor and 4 3 4 L Provide PPE. MS Safety gloves NOT C

BIOLOGICAL Safety gloves

ERGONOMIC Be more aware

BIOLOGICAL Safety googles

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