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    Topic: Issues Relating To Development and Management of Social Sector/Services Relating To Health, Education, Human Resources

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    The Supreme Court has proposed measures to curb misuse of Section 498A of IPC relating to dowry-related offenses. It proposes setting up of Family Welfare Committees at district level to examine every complaint under Section 498A before any arrest is made. The committee will submit a report within a month on the factual aspects and its opinion. No arrest will be made until the report is received. Only designated investigating officers will investigate complaints under Section 498A and connected offenses. The measures aim to end automatic arrest of husband and in-laws.

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    Topic: Issues Relating To Development and Management of Social Sector/Services Relating To Health, Education, Human Resources

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    34 views5 pages
    The Supreme Court has proposed measures to curb misuse of Section 498A of IPC relating to dowry-related offenses. It proposes setting up of Family Welfare Committees at district level to examine every complaint under Section 498A before any arrest is made. The committee will submit a report within a month on the factual aspects and its opinion. No arrest will be made until the report is received. Only designated investigating officers will investigate complaints under Section 498A and connected offenses. The measures aim to end automatic arrest of husband and in-laws.

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    general study

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    GS 2

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    The Supreme Court has proposed measures to curb misuse of Section 498A of IPC relating to dowry-related offenses. It proposes setting up of Family Welfare Committees at district level to examine every complaint under Section 498A before any arrest is made. The committee will submit a report within a month on the factual aspects and its opinion. No arrest will be made until the report is received. Only designated investigating officers will investigate complaints under Section 498A and connected offenses. The measures aim to end automatic arrest of husband and in-laws.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    34 views5 pages

    Topic: Issues Relating To Development and Management of Social Sector/Services Relating To Health, Education, Human Resources

    Uploaded by

    garghitender
    The Supreme Court has proposed measures to curb misuse of Section 498A of IPC relating to dowry-related offenses. It proposes setting up of Family Welfare Committees at district level to examine every complaint under Section 498A before any arrest is made. The committee will submit a report within a month on the factual aspects and its opinion. No arrest will be made until the report is received. Only designated investigating officers will investigate complaints under Section 498A and connected offenses. The measures aim to end automatic arrest of husband and in-laws.

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    of 5

    1ST AUGUST 2017

    Paper 2:

    Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
    Resources.
     

    Govt will investigate restaurants serving foods with liquid nitrogen


     

    The government will soon start investigating the issue of restaurants serving food and drinks with liquid nitrogen in it.
     

    Background:
    The Haryana government had recently banned the use of liquid nitrogen, after a man had ended up with a hole in his stomach
    after consuming a drink. The Haryana food and drugs administration department issued an order under section 34 of Food
    Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (Central Act 34 of 2006).
     

    Why is liquid nitrogen considered harmful for consumption?


    Liquid nitrogen, which has a boiling point of -195.8 degree Celsius, is used by molecular gastronomy chefs to
    instantly freeze food and drinks. As it evaporates, liquid nitrogen freezes everything around it, including tissues that come
    in contact with it. According to experts, food and drinks that are prepared with liquid nitrogen should be consumed only
    after all the gas has bubbled off.
    Liquid nitrogen also has an expansion ratio of 1:694 at 20 degree Celsius, meaning one litre of liquid nitrogen at 20
    degree Celsius can expand to 694 litres of nitrogen gas.
     

    What is Liquid Nitrogen?


    It is scientifically known as LN2 and is a coloured, odourless, non-inflammable gas. It is a cryogen, which means it is used
    to create extremely low temperatures. It has a low boiling point of -196 degree Celsius. The gas is so cold that it is capable
    of rapid freezing any living tissue coming in contact with it.
     

    How and Why Liquid Nitrogen Used in Food?


    Since past few years, liquid nitrogen is being extensively used by restaurants and food industries to prepare frozen desserts
    like ice creams, which can be created a moment before serving on the table. It cools any substance immediately. The rapidity
    of cooling is also responsible for smaller ice crystals which gives a smooth texture to the ice cream.
    Recently, it is also being popular in preparing cocktails, as it can immediately chills glasses of ingredients. It also adds a
    smoking effect to the drink.
     

    Are there regulations governing the use of liquid nitrogen?


    Liquid nitrogen is permitted as an additive in frozen food as per the guidelines of the national regulatory body Food Safety
    and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). However, when it comes to the use of liquid nitrogen it is a gray area. There is no
    clear-cut guideline for it and generally it is considered to be a novel technique, which can be used by food business
    operators.
     

    Sources: pib.
    Topic: Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

    National Commission for Backward Classes (Repeal) Bill, 2017


     

    The Constitution (123rd Amendment) Bill, 2017, providing for setting up of a National Commission for Backward Classes , was
    recently passed by the Rajya Sabha. The Bill was passed after dropping Clause 3.
     

    What is Clause 3 all about?


    Clause 3 pertains to the insertion of a new article 338B about the constitution and powers of the National Commission for
    Backward Classes.
     

    Background:
    The bill is meant to upgrade the Backward Classes Commission from a statutory body to a constitutional body, which will
    give it powers equal to a court to summon people and inquire into incidents of violence and discrimination against backward
    classes.
     

    Way ahead:
    The amended bill will now have to be returned to the Lok Sabha for its fresh approval. The Lower House had already passed
    the bill but in the Upper House it had been referred to a Select Committee as the Opposition had wanted more scrutiny. The
    Constituent amendment bill’s passage requires two-third majority of those present and voting.
     

    Sources: pib.

    Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
    Resources.
     

    5 chemicals banned in firecrackers


     

    Ahead of the festive seasons of Dussehra and Deepavali, the Supreme Court has prohibited the use of five chemicals,
    labelled as toxic by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), in the manufacture of firecrackers.
     The banned chemicals include antimony, lithium, mercury, arsenic and lead in any form whatsoever.
     The responsibility to ensure compliance particularly in Sivakasi is given to the Petroleum and Explosive Safety
    Organisation (PESO).
     

    Background:
    The order came after the court heard the submissions from officials of the CPCB and Petroleum and Explosive Safety
    Organisation’s (PESO) Firework Research and Development Centre at Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu.
     

    About PESO:
    Petroleum And Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO) was formed to control and administer the usage of explosives,
    petrol stations in India. The agency issues licenses for Operation of Petrol Stations, Licenses to operate Petroleum Product
    Transportation vehicles, Licenses for Refineries, Petrochemical Complexes, etc. The Department is headed by Chief
    Controller of Explosives and is headquartered at Nagpur in the State of Maharashtra in India. It functions under DIPP.
     

    Sources: the hindu.

    Topic: India and its neighbourhood- relations.


     

    Pakistan yet to transition fully to MFN status for India


     

    Pakistan is yet to award the most favoured nation (MFN) status to India and it maintains a negative list of 1,209 items which
    are not permitted to be imported from India. The neighbouring country allows only 137 products to be exported from India
    through Wagah/Attari border land route.
     

    Background:
    As per a World Trade Organisation (WTO) rule, every member of WTO requires to accord this status to other member
    countries. India has already granted this status to all WTO members including Pakistan.
     

    What is Most Favoured Nation status?


    Most Favoured Nation is a treatment accorded to a trade partner to ensure non-discriminatory trade between two countries
    vis-a-vis other trade partners. The importance of MFN is shown in the fact that it is the first clause in the General
    Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Under WTO rules, a member country cannot discriminate between its trade
    partners. If a special status is granted to a trade partner, it must be extended to all members of the WTO .
     

    MFN at the same time allows some exemptions as well:


     One such exemption is the right to engage in Free Trade Agreements. This means members can participate in
    regional trade agreements or free trade agreements where there is discrimination between member countries and non
    member countries.
     Another exemption is that members can give developing countries special and differential treatment like greater
    market access. This special concession are in different forms like reduced tariff rates from developing country imports,
    concessions that allows developing countries to give subsidies to their production sectors etc.
    All these exceptions are subjected to strict conditions.
     

    Does MFN mean preferential treatment?


    In literal explanation, MFN doesn’t mean preferential treatment. Instead it means non-discriminatory trade that ensures
    that the country receiving MFN status will not be in a disadvantageous situation compared to the granter’s other trade
    partners. When a country receives MFN status, it is expected to raise trade barriers and decrease tariffs. It is also
    expected to open up the market to trade in more commodities and free flow of goods.
    MFN essentially guarantees the most favourable trade conditions between two countries. These terms include the lowest
    possible trade tariffs, the least possible trade barriers and very crucial to trade relations– highest import quotas. The
    disclaimer only requires equal treatment to all Most Favoured Nations.
     

    Sources: et.
     

    Topic: Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.

    SC for panels to examine dowry cases


     

    In a landmark judgment, aimed at putting an end to misuse of section 498A of the IPC that is dowry-related offences,
    the Supreme Court has proposed a slew of measures. They aim to put an end to the automatic arrest of the husband and his
    family members.

    Proposed measures:
    Special committees: Every complaint under Section 498A should henceforth will have to be referred to Family Welfare
    Committees – to be constituted at every district. No arrest shall be effected till report of such committee is received.
    Enquiry: The committee would interact with the parties personally or by means of telephonic or electronic communication
    and give a report within a month to the authority which referred the complaint to it. There will be no routine impounding of
    passports or issuance of Red Corner Notice for NRI accused. Personal appearance of all family members and particularly
    outstation members may not be required. However, these directions will not apply to the offences involving tangible physical
    injuries.
    Report: The report would be on “the factual aspects and its opinion” in the matter. Till report of the committee is received,
    no arrest should normally be effected. The report may be then considered by the investigating officer or the magistrate on
    its own merit.
    Investigating officers: Complaints under Section 498A and other connected offences may be investigated only by a
    designated investigating officer of the area. Such designations should be made within one month. Such designated officers
    may be given training for not less than a week or as may be considered appropriate. The training has to be completed within
    four months.
    Bail: If a bail application is filed with at least one clear day’s notice to the Public Prosecutor/complainant, it should be
    decided as far as possible on the same day.
     

    What necessitated the court’s intervention?


    The anti-dowry law was enacted with the laudable object of punishing cruelty at the hands of husband or his relatives –
    particularly when such cruelty drives the wife to suicide. However, complaints are mounting up over the years alleging misuse
    of the anti-dowry harassment law – framed in 1983 following a spate of dowry-related deaths – by disgruntled wives. The law
    is also being misused.
     A growing trend is being observed among women involved in marital discord to abuse Section 498A of IPC to rope in
    their husbands’ relatives — including parents, minor children, siblings and grandparents — in criminal cases.
     Therefore, it is high time such frivolous cases which violate the human rights of innocent is checked.
     

    Significance of this move:


    This is a shift from the dominant judicial conception of women as victims who would silently suffer injustice rather than
    bring disrepute to their family by taking domestic conflict outside the four walls of the home. Going by the popular portrait,
    it is only the worst victim of abuse among women who approach the court for redress. With its latest observations, the court
    broke away from the reigning perception to rule that in dowry cases, the account of the alleged victim need not be taken at
    face value.
     

    Sources: the hindu.

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