Cis Trans

Enhancement of GNSS in the Cislunar SSV
and the Cislunar Navigation Satellite

System
13th Meeting of the International Committee on

Global Navigation Satellite Systems
WANG Haihong, CHANG Xi’nuo, YANG Hui

China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China
HOU Xiyun, TANG Jingshi
Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
2018-11-4
CONTENT
GNSS Performance in SSV
GNSS Performance in Cislunar Transfer Mission
Missions in Cislunar Space
Augmentation of GNSS in the Cislunar SSV
Navigation Method for Near-Lunar mission
Navigation Method for Cislunar Space Mission
Concept of Cislunar Navigation Satellite System
Recommendation in the Cislunar SSV Research
2
1. GNSS Performance in SSV
➢ The GNSS SSV is divided into 2 regions: the lower SSV, covering
3,000-8,000km, and the upper SSV, covering 8,000-36,000 km
✓ In the Lower SSV: 4 or more-signals availability is 100% with combined-
constellation. (Table 5.2, SSV Booklet 1.0)
✓ In the Upper SSV: 4 or more-signals availability is 99.9% with combined-
constellation(C/N0min=15~20 dB-Hz). (Table 5.1, SSV Booklet 1.0)
3
2. GNSS Performance in Cislunar Transfer Mission
➢ A specific mission scenario: cislunar trajectory
✓ Four simultaneous signals(L5) availability is 16% with combined constellation in
approximately half the distance to the Moon. (Table 5.8, SSV Booklet 1.0)
➢ GPS and GLONASS in Chang’E-5T lunar returning probe mission:

2 arc, both from Earth to 60,000 km.
✓ The average of PDOP for only GPS is 10.1, GPS + Glonass is 8.6. (Orbit improvement for
Chang’E-5T lunar returning probe with GNSS technique, Adv. in Space Research 56(2015),2473-2482)
Moon
Return Trajectory
Outbound Trajectory
Earth
4
3.Missions in Cislunar Space
➢ The Moon is the closest natural celestial body to the Earth, and
world’s main space agencies have plans for further development and
utilization.
➢ China has launched 4 lunar probes and one relay satellite since
Chang’E-1 in 2007, and plans to carry out manned lunar landing and
long-term lunar presence (i.e. ‘Probe – Board - Stay’).
➢ With the continuous development of space technology, the
increasingly crowded near-Earth space and the increasing number of
Cislunar space exploration missions, it is necessary to study the
navigation service mode and system configuration of Cislunar space.
5
4. Augmentation of GNSS in the Cislunar SSV
➢ The Cislunar SSV - 36,000 up to 450,000 km (libration point L2 included)
➢ Main consideration of Cislunar SSV application：

✓ Simple user receiver algorithms
✓ Real-time positioning and timing service L4
L3
➢ Main characteristics of Cislunar SSV: Earth
L1 L2
Moon
L5
A. Signal visibility (i.e. 4 or more signal
simultaneously , good DOP) 450,000km
B. Signal availability (i.e. sufficient signal power)

C. Interoperability and Compatibility with GNSSs
6
5. Navigation Method for Near-Lunar Mission
The navigation request for near-Lunar mission：
1 Lunar orbiting satellite and

Near-Lunar orbit
Cislunar transfer trajectory
2 Lunar polar region Lunar polar probe
3 Far side of the Moon Lunar science probe
4 surface on the Moon Man and rover activities
7
The Lunar Walker constellation:
✓ Total 18 satellites
✓ 3 orbit planes
✓ Circular Lunar orbit
✓ Inclination 60°
✓ Semi-axis 4,000km
From: Romagnoli D., Circi C., Lissajous trajectories for lunar global positioning and communication systems,
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 2010, 107, 409-425 8
Satellites around the Cislunar libration point L1&L2:
✓ 4 satellites around each libration point, total 8 satellites.
✓ Covering full surface of the moon(considering lunar libration
motion), with 97.7% coverage at a certain time slot.
9
6. Navigation Method for Cislunar Space Mission
The navigation request for Cislunar space mission：
✓Navigation for communication satellites near Cislunar
liberation point L3/L4/L5 (Lee. Communications satellite system by using
moon orbit satellite constellation, Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences(2003),
20:313~318)
✓Navigation for Cislunar communication relay satellites (A.Hornig,

Demonstrator and operational satellite mission Earth-moon-libration point EML-4
for communication relay provision as a service. Acta astronautica. 2015, 108:156-
170.)
✓Navigation for other Cislunar scientific missions, such as

environmental monitoring spacecrafts (R. W. Farquhar. The flight of
ISEE-3/ICE: origins mission history, and a legacy. Journal of the Astronautical Sciences.
2001, 49(1):23-74.)
10
6. Navigation method for Cislunar Space Mission
✓ The triangular libration points in the real Cislunar system allow stable motion
around them. The L3 has much better stability than the L1, L2 points.
✓ 3 satellites on L3, L4, L5 can constantly cover 99% of the Earth’s surface.
✓ With a probe located at L2 point, the navigation constellation can also cover
99% of the Lunar surface.
✓ Observation from the L2,L3,L4,L5
L4
constellation can compensate the
observations from the Earth GNSS
and the L1/L2 points. The navigation L3
satellite can also completely cover
the interplanetary transfer orbits
within the Cislunar SSV.
L5
11
6. Navigation Method for Cislunar Space Mission
✓ The libration points are actually 1:1 resonance

orbits, whose orbital angular velocity is same as
that of the Moon. We can extend from the
libration points to other resonance orbits in the
Earth-Moon orbits such as the ones shown in this
picture.
✓ The advantage of these resonance orbits is that satellites can periodically

cover the volume inside them, with a shorter communication range from the
Earth than the satellites around the L3, L4, L5 points. The disadvantage is that
it has coverage gaps at the Moon side if there are only a few (~3) navigation
satellites on these orbits.
✓ Orbits inside the 2:1 resonance orbits are generally stable in the ephemeris
model of the Cislunar system.
12
7. Concept of Cislunar Navigation Satellite System
The space segment of cislunar navigation satellite system contains
3 modules:
✓ Near-Earth Module: existing GNSS covering from the Earth
surface to current SSV, i.e. -36,000 km.
✓ Near-Lunar Module: the lunar navigation satellite system
covering from the Lunar surface to Cislunar L2 point.
✓ Cislunar Special Orbiting Module: the space constellations
designed for covering specified or full cislunar space
together with near Earth and near Lunar navigation systems
13
7. Concept of Cislunar Navigation Satellite System
✓ The near-Earth module consists of existing GNSS systems.
- nearly 100% coverage to 36000km altitude with all GNSS
constellation combined
- partially support translunar, and interplanetary missions
✓ The near-Lunar module consists of navigation satellites on Lunar orbits
or some special orbits such as the libration point orbits.
- coverage from lunar surface to L1/L2 altitude
- partially support translunar, and interplanetary missions
✓ The Cislunar special orbiting module consists of navigation satellites
on L3/L4/L5 points orbit.
- specified mission service or full coverage of cislunar space
- satellite antenna orientation adjustment
14
8. Recommendation in the Cislunar SSV Research
➢ To study the roadmap of Cislunar Navigation Satellite System
construction in accordance with cislunar space exploration and
scientific research missions.
➢ To study the scheme of cislunar SSV constellation configuration, and
optimization design including insertion cost, station-keeping cost,
navigation accuracy , earth access, etc.
➢ To study the modification possibility of subsequent GNSS satellites e.g.
a directional antenna for transmitting GNSS signals, so that the
spacecraft departure from the earth can continuously obtain the
navigation services for the whole journey.
15
THANK YOU!
THANK YOU!
THANK YOU!

Cis Trans

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cis Trans

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cis Trans

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Enhancement of GNSS in the Cislunar SSV

and the Cislunar Navigation Satellite

13th Meeting of the International Committee on

WANG Haihong, CHANG Xi’nuo, YANG Hui

➢ GPS and GLONASS in Chang’E-5T lunar returning probe mission:

➢ Main consideration of Cislunar SSV application：

B. Signal availability (i.e. sufficient signal power)

1 Lunar orbiting satellite and

✓Navigation for Cislunar communication relay satellites (A.Hornig,

✓Navigation for other Cislunar scientific missions, such as

✓ The libration points are actually 1:1 resonance

✓ The advantage of these resonance orbits is that satellites can periodically

You might also like