Priyanka et al. Ind. J.

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Available App. Biosci. (2020) 8(5), 446-450
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8363 ISSN: 2582 – 2845

Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2020) 8(5), 446-450

Research Article

Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Open Access Journal

Nutritive Value of Coconut Grating Residue for Pigs

Priyanka1, S. Senthil Murugan2*, Chacko B.2, Surej Bunglavan2, Balusami C.3 and Shyama K.4
1
M.V.Sc Scholar, 2Assistant Professor,4 Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition
3
Associate Professor, Department of Livestock Production Management
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala
*Corresponding Author E-mail: ssenthil2043@gmail.com
Received: 5.09.2020 | Revised: 2.10.2020 | Accepted: 7.10.2020

ABSTRACT
Eighteen gestating sows were randomly grouped in to G1, G2 and G3 groups with six sows in
each group received T1 (0%), T2 (10%) and T3 (15%) experimental rations with coconut grating
residue for this digestibility trial. The apparent digestibility of experimental rations was
determined 3 days prior to farrowing in gestation sows by total collection method. The coconut
grating residue was analysed for its chemical composition as per AOAC (2016). Coconut grating
residue have 37.48± 1.37 % of EE, 34.10± 1.37 % of CF and 11.55± 0.85% of CP content and all
the nutrients except EE were have similar digestibility values compared to control. The EE
digestibility was significantly (P<0.01) decreased as inclusion level of coconut grating residue
increased in sows ration. The material coconut spent grating residue was by product of Ayurveda
Medicine Company and nutritive value studies elucidated it could be considered as one of the
feed ingredient for pigs.
Keywords: Coconut grating residue, chemical composition, digestibility co-efficient, nutritive
value.

INTRODUCTION inclusion rates are depending on palatability,

Many alternative feed raw materials like nutrient availability, protein quality, nutrient
kitchen waste, wastes from hotel or hostel and interrelationship, and the method of processing
by-products of industries involved in grain and feeding. In Pigs, flavours or off- flavours
milling, baking, brewing, distilling, packing, affect the feed intake because they have
rendering, fruit and vegetable processing, comparatively more taste buds than humans.
vegetable oil refining, dairying, and egg and The presence of anti-nutritional factors is
poultry processing may be cost effective and another limiting factor to consider alternate
useful in swine diets. Inclusion rate of these feedstuff’s inclusion level because that
by-products simply need not be considered interferes with nutrient digestibility and
them as cheapest source compared to other utilization. These include trypsin inhibitors,
conventional feedstuffs. The factors decide tannins, lectins, glucosinolates and others.

Cite this article: Priyanka, Murugan, S.S., Chacko, B., Bunglavan, S., Balusami, C., & Shyama, K. (2020).
Nutritive value of Coconut grating residue for pigs, Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. 8(5), 446-450. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8363

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Priyanka et al. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2020) 8(5), 446-450 ISSN: 2582 – 2845
The other important deciding factors are MATERIALS AND METHODS
protein quality in terms of their digestible Processing technology of coconut milk
essential amino acids concentration, especially residue
lysine is one of the limiting amino acid and The study material used in this study was
digestibility levels of nutrients and energy. collected from ayurvedic medicine producing
In all practical feed ingredients, only a company. In Ayurveda medicine companies,
portion of the energy and nutrients are coconut milk was used for different product
absorbed from the intestinal tract of the pig, preparation and wet coconut white kernel with
whereas some of the energy and the nutrients testa were subjected to grating and expeller
are excreted in its faeces. Only the part that is machine was used to extract coconut milk. The
absorbed from the intestinal tract is available residue collected after coconut milk extraction
for utilization by the pig. This part is called the was sundried for 3-4 days. Sundried coconut
digestible part of the feed and is described by residue was then mixed with ration at
digestibility values or digestibility coefficients calculated level and fed to pregnant LWY
for energy and each nutrient. Digestibility sows for nutrient study digestibility studies.
values for energy and nutrients can vary The representative sundried samples were
considerably among feed ingredients and stored for further analysis.
should be taken into account when a feed Estimation of chemical composition
ingredient is valued. In general, higher crude The coconut grating residue was analysed for
fibre concentration will lower the digestibility its moisture content (930.15, AOAC., 2016),
of energy and most nutrients of the feed crude protein by kjeldhal principle (2001.11,
ingredient. Nutrient digestibility is a measure AOAC., 2016), ether extract (2003.06,
of the availability of energy and nutrients in a AOAC., 2016), crude fibre (978.10, AOAC.,
feed ingredient and varies between species 2016), total ash (942.05, AOAC., 2016), Acid
(Boggess et al., 2008) Insoluble ash (IS:14826:2000), calcium and
The another important fact decides phosphorus (AOAC., 2016).
alternate feedstuffs inclusion level is their Digestibility Trail
value or cost, where relative value of a feed Totally 18 gestating sows were randomly
ingredient is recommended to compare the grouped in to G1, G2 and G3 groups with six
value of that feed to the price of the industry’s sows in each group received T1, T2 and T3
standard energy and protein-supplying experimental rations for this digestibility trial.
ingredients. Many of the industrial by-products Three experimental rations were prepared with
are subjected to different processing and might coconut grating residue at 0, 10 and 15 % in
either increase or decrease their relative value T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The apparent
as alternate feed ingredient in swine diets. digestibility of experimental rations was
Depending on the different oil determined 3 days prior to farrowing in
extraction procedures, the copra by-products gestation sows by total collection method.
can be classified into mechanically extracted Weighed quantity of feed was offered and
copra meal (copra expellers, CE; IFN 5-01- residues were collected on 24 hour basis.
572; AAFCO, 2016) or solvent extracted copra Faeces of individual pigs were collected daily
meal (CM; IFN 5-01-573; AAFCO, 2016). at 9.00 AM for a period of 3 days and stored at
However, there is no standard criterion for −20° C in double sealed containers. The
classifying the copra by-products into copra samples of thoroughly mixed faeces were
meal and solvent extracted copra meal. pooled and representative samples were taken
Hence, this study was undertaken to estimate for analysis to calculate digestibility
chemical composition and nutrient digestibility coefficient of various nutrients separately for
co-efficient values for pigs. each animal.

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Priyanka et al. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2020) 8(5), 446-450 ISSN: 2582 – 2845
Digestibility co-efficient of nutrients =
Nutrient content in eaten amount of feed – Nutrient content in faeces
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X 100
Nutrient content in eaten amount of feed

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION chemical composition and presented in Table -

The processing technology followed in this 1.The chemical composition of coconut meat
study to obtain spent coconut grating residue residue collected after manual grating and
was similar to Prades et al. (2012). Whereas, extraction of milk had 4.8 per cent moisture,
Yalegama et al. (2013) explained different 5.1 per cent CP, 38.3 per cent of EE, 31.9 per
processing technology to obtain coconut milk cent of CF, 0.6 per cent calcium and 0.6 per
residue from mechanically scraped fully cent phosphorus as reported by Agdeppa-
matured white kernels and steamed for 20 Namoco et al. (2012). Similarly,
minutes and thick milk was extracted using Yalegama et al. (2013) reported 42.6 ±
hydraulic press and the residue was dried at 1.2 per cent of EE and 23.2 per cent CF
80oC and named as dehydrated coconut milk content in coconut milk residue. While, it was
residue. Different nomenclature are invariably compared with wet coconut white kernel, that
used for products obtained from coconut like spent coconut milk residue contained 1.06 and
wet coconut processing like whole, wet 2.52 times more EE and CF content,
coconut white kernel, wet coconut testa, copra respectively. The wet coconut white kernel
whole, copra white kernel and copra testa had 38.8 ± 0.46 per cent of EE and 11.7 ± 0.35
based on their chemical composition (Appaiah per cent of CF (Appaiah et al. 2014). On the
et al., 2014). This coconut grating was other hand, Lamdande et al. (2018) reported
differing from copra meal or coconut meat or coconut grating residue had chemical
de-oiled copra cake (Arumugam et al., 2015). composition (per cent) as moisture, EE, CP
The sun dried spent coconut grating and Ash as 49.40, 30.02, 5.59, and 1.06
residue used in this study was estimated for its respectively.

Table 1: Chemical Composition of Spent Coconut grating residue (on DM basis, %)

Parameters Spent Coconut grating residue

Moisture 6.22 ±1.25

Organic Matter 96.2 ± 1.01
Crude protein 11.55 ± 0.85
Crude fat 37.48 ± 1.37
Crude fibre 34.10 ± 1.41
Total ash 3.80 ± 1.11
Nitrogen Free Extract 13.07 ± 1.22
Acid Insoluble Ash 1.72 ± 0.51
Calcium 1.12 ± 0.47
Phosphorus 0.75 ± 0.35

The variations in chemical composition of composition because moisture, total

coconut grating residue might be due to carbohydrate, crude fibre and hardness content
coconut varieties used for processing and in were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) differ based on
India West coast tall variety is one of the the stage of maturity, but CP crude fat press
major varieties cultivated (Ghosh et al., 2014). yield and pH were not affected (Chuntarat et
The stages of maturity of the coconut might be al., 2015).
another factor decide the chemical

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Priyanka et al. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2020) 8(5), 446-450 ISSN: 2582 – 2845
The digestibility of spent coconut grating and 15 per cent (Rodgen et al., 2017) and
residue included sow diet was studied and unconventional feed stuffs like Japan hlo in
results were presented in Table - 2. The growing pigs (Lalhuthangi and Buragohain,
digestibility co-efficient values of dry matter, 2020). In contrary, digestibility all nutrients
crude protein, crude fibre, Nitrogen free were significantly reduced pig ration with
extract and organic matter digestibility were animal fat and wheat bran ration replacing
not differ significantly between experimental maize group compared to control group and
rations in this study. Similarly, digestibility of ether extract digestibility was similar in all
DM, CP, EE, Ash, NFE were not differ in groups (Elanchezhian & Ally, 2020).
incorporation of dried copra meal at 0, 5, 10

Table 2: Nutrient digestibility co-efficient of experimental rations, %

Groups
Attributes GI GII GIII P Value

Dry matter ns 85.18±0.50 84.09±0.50 83.87±0.50 0.173

Crude Protein ns 82.71±0.70 82.28±0.70 82.32±0.70 0.123
Ether extract * 69.42±0.74a 67.68±0.74b 61.17±0.74c 0.00
ns
Crude Fibre 65.83±1.73 62.56±1.73 62.89±1.73 0.172
Nitrogen Free Extract ns 77.48±0.52 76.03±0.52 75.85±0.52 0.085
Organic Matter ns 73.18±0.58 73.47±0.58 72.24±0.58 0.51
a,b
Mean values with different superscripts with in a row differ significantly.
*P<0.01, ns Non-significant

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