JavaScript Math

The JavaScript math object provides several constants and methods to perform
mathematical operation. Unlike date object, it doesn't have constructors.

JavaScript Math Methods

Let's see the list of JavaScript Math methods with description.

Methods Description

abs() It returns the absolute value of the given number.

acos() It returns the arccosine of the given number in radians.

asin() It returns the arcsine of the given number in radians.

atan() It returns the arc-tangent of the given number in radians.

cbrt() It returns the cube root of the given number.

ceil() It returns a smallest integer value, greater than or equal to the given number.

cos() It returns the cosine of the given number.

cosh() It returns the hyperbolic cosine of the given number.

exp() It returns the exponential form of the given number.

floor() It returns largest integer value, lower than or equal to the given number.

hypot() It returns square root of sum of the squares of given numbers.

log() It returns natural logarithm of a number.

max() It returns maximum value of the given numbers.

min() It returns minimum value of the given numbers.

pow() It returns value of base to the power of exponent.

random() It returns random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).

round() It returns closest integer value of the given number.

sign() It returns the sign of the given number

sin() It returns the sine of the given number.

sinh() It returns the hyperbolic sine of the given number.

sqrt() It returns the square root of the given number

tan() It returns the tangent of the given number.

tanh() It returns the hyperbolic tangent of the given number.

Math.sqrt(n)

The JavaScript math.sqrt(n) method returns the square root of the given number.

1. Square Root of 17 is: <span id="p1"></span>    
2. <script>    

3. document.getElementById('p1').innerHTML=Math.sqrt(17);    
4. </script>    

Output:

Square Root of 17 is: 4.123105625617661

Math.random()

The JavaScript math.random() method returns the random number between 0 to 1.

1. Random Number is: <span id="p2"></span>    
2. <script>    

3. document.getElementById('p2').innerHTML=Math.random();    
4. </script>   

Output:

Random Number is: 0.18584004496546658

Math.pow(m,n)

The JavaScript math.pow(m,n) method returns the m to the power of n that is mn.

1. 3 to the power of 4 is: <span id="p3"></span>    
2. <script>    

3. document.getElementById('p3').innerHTML=Math.pow(3,4);    
4. </script>    

Output:

3 to the power of 4 is: 81

Math.floor(n)

The JavaScript math.floor(n) method returns the lowest integer for the given number. For
example 3 for 3.7, 5 for 5.9 etc.

1. Floor of 4.6 is: <span id="p4"></span>    
2. <script>    
 3. document.getElementById('p4').innerHTML=Math.floor(4.6);    
4. </script>    

Output:

Floor of 4.6 is: 4

Math.ceil(n)

The JavaScript math.ceil(n) method returns the largest integer for the given number. For
example 4 for 3.7, 6 for 5.9 etc.

1. Ceil of 4.6 is: <span id="p5"></span>    
2. <script>    

3. document.getElementById('p5').innerHTML=Math.ceil(4.6);    
4. </script>    

Output:

Ceil of 4.6 is: 5

Math.round(n)

The JavaScript math.round(n) method returns the rounded integer nearest for the given
number. If fractional part is equal or greater than 0.5, it goes to upper value 1 otherwise lower
value 0. For example 4 for 3.7, 3 for 3.3, 6 for 5.9 etc.

1. Round of 4.3 is: <span id="p6"></span><br>    
2. Round of 4.7 is: <span id="p7"></span>    

3. <script>    
4. document.getElementById('p6').innerHTML=Math.round(4.3);   

5. document.getElementById('p7').innerHTML=Math.round(4.7);    
6. </script>    

Output:

Round of 4.3 is: 4

Math.abs(n)

The JavaScript math.abs(n) method returns the absolute value for the given number. For
example 4 for -4, 6.6 for -6.6 etc.

1. Absolute value of -4 is: <span id="p8"></span>      
2. <script>      

3. document.getElementById('p8').innerHTML=Math.abs(-4);      
 4. </script>   

Output:

Absolute value of -4 is: 4

Window Object

The window object represents a window in browser. An object of window is created

Window is the object of browser, it is not the object of javascript. The javascript objects are
string, array, date etc.

Note: if html document contains frame or iframe, browser creates additional window objects for each
frame.
Methods of window object

The important methods of window object are as follows:

Method Description

alert() displays the alert box containing message with ok button.

confirm() displays the confirm dialog box containing message with ok and cancel button.

prompt() displays a dialog box to get input from the user.

open() opens the new window.

close() closes the current window.

setTimeout() performs action after specified time like calling function, evaluating expressions etc.

Example of alert() in javascript

It displays alert dialog box. It has message and ok button.

1. <script type="text/javascript">  
2. function msg(){  

3.  alert("Hello Alert Box");  
4. }  

5. </script>  
6. <input type="button" value="click" onclick="msg()"/>  
Example of confirm() in javascript

It displays the confirm dialog box. It has message with ok and cancel buttons.

1. <script type="text/javascript">  
2. function msg(){  

3. var v= confirm("Are u sure?");  
4. if(v==true){  

5. alert("ok");  
6. }  

7. else{  
8. alert("cancel");  

9. }  
10.   

11. }  
12. </script>  

13.   
14. <input type="button" value="delete record" onclick="msg()"/>  

Output of the above example

Example of prompt() in javascript

It displays prompt dialog box for input. It has message and textfield.

1. <script type="text/javascript">  
2. function msg(){  

3. var v= prompt("Who are you?");  
4. alert("I am "+v);  

5.   
6. }  

7. </script>  
8.   

9. <input type="button" value="click" onclick="msg()"/>  
Output of the above example

Example of open() in javascript

It displays the content in a new window.

1. <script type="text/javascript">  
2. function msg(){  

3. open("http://www.ignou.ac.in");  
4. }  

5. </script>  
6. <input type="button" value="google" onclick="msg()"/>  

Output of the above example

Example of setTimeout() in javascript

It performs its task after the given milliseconds.

1. <script type="text/javascript">  
2. function msg(){  

3. setTimeout(  
4. function(){  

5. alert("Welcome to Google after 2 seconds")  
6. },200

6. 0);  

7.   
8. }  

9. </script>  
10.   

11. <input type="button" value="click" onclick="msg()"/>  

Output of the above example

JavaScript Screen Object

The JavaScript screen object holds information of browser screen. It can be used to display
screen width, height, colorDepth, pixelDepth etc.

The navigator object is the window property, so it can be accessed by:

1. window.screen  

Or,

1. screen  

Property of JavaScript Screen Object

There are many properties of screen object that returns information of the browser.

No. Property Description

1 width returns the width of the screen

2 height returns the height of the screen

3 availWidth returns the available width

4 availHeight returns the available height

5 colorDepth returns the color depth

6 pixelDepth returns the pixel depth.

Example of JavaScript Screen Object

Let’s see the different usage of screen object.

1. <script>  
2. document.writeln("<br/>screen.width: "+screen.width);  

3. document.writeln("<br/>screen.height: "+screen.height);  
4. document.writeln("<br/>screen.availWidth: "+screen.availWidth);  

5. document.writeln("<br/>screen.availHeight: "+screen.availHeight);  
6. document.writeln("<br/>screen.colorDepth: "+screen.colorDepth);  

7. document.writeln("<br/>screen.pixelDepth: "+screen.pixelDepth);  
8. </script>  
Test it Now
screen.width: 1366
screen.height: 768
screen.availWidth: 1366
screen.availHeight: 728
screen.colorDepth: 24
screen.pixelDepth: 24