This document provides a summary of key concepts in projectile motion and Newton's laws of motion covered in a physics second quarter review. It outlines the key characteristics of projectile motion including the independent horizontal and vertical motions, acceleration components, and equations for calculating time, height and range. It also summarizes Newton's first law of inertia and zero net force equilibrium, introduces the concepts of stability, equilibrium and balance, and recaps Newton's second law relating force and acceleration.
This document provides a summary of key concepts in projectile motion and Newton's laws of motion covered in a physics second quarter review. It outlines the key characteristics of projectile motion including the independent horizontal and vertical motions, acceleration components, and equations for calculating time, height and range. It also summarizes Newton's first law of inertia and zero net force equilibrium, introduces the concepts of stability, equilibrium and balance, and recaps Newton's second law relating force and acceleration.
This document provides a summary of key concepts in projectile motion and Newton's laws of motion covered in a physics second quarter review. It outlines the key characteristics of projectile motion including the independent horizontal and vertical motions, acceleration components, and equations for calculating time, height and range. It also summarizes Newton's first law of inertia and zero net force equilibrium, introduces the concepts of stability, equilibrium and balance, and recaps Newton's second law relating force and acceleration.
This document provides a summary of key concepts in projectile motion and Newton's laws of motion covered in a physics second quarter review. It outlines the key characteristics of projectile motion including the independent horizontal and vertical motions, acceleration components, and equations for calculating time, height and range. It also summarizes Newton's first law of inertia and zero net force equilibrium, introduces the concepts of stability, equilibrium and balance, and recaps Newton's second law relating force and acceleration.
• An
object
in
projectile
motion
moves
in
two
Law
of
Inertia
dimensions
causing
its
path
to
be
parabolic,
also
• Law
of
Inertia
suggests
that
an
object
will
referred
to
as
trajectory.
remain
at
its
state
if
it
is
not
disturbed
or
when
• The
horizontal
and
vertical
influences
and
the
disturbances
acting
on
it
cancel.
characteristics
of
a
projectile
are
independent
Ø The
disturbance
is
referred
to
as
force.
of
each
other.
In
this
course,
the
vertical
Force
is
a
vector
quantity
therefore
is
characteristics
of
a
projectile
follow
the
direction-‐dependent.
For
this
course,
the
conditions
of
free
fall.
convention
is
seen
on
the
diagram.
• The
acceleration
along
the
x-‐axis
(ax)
of
a
projectile
is
zero
while
the
vertical
component
+
2 (ay)
is
g
or
-‐9.80m/s .
As
a
consequence,
the
magnitude
of
horizontal
component
of
the
velocity
is
invariant
or
not
changing
while
the
magnitude
of
vertical
component
of
velocity
increases
as
it
moves
down
and
decreases
as
it
moves
up.
–
+
• Projectile
motion
is
categorized
as
horizontal
projectiles
and
angled
projectiles.
Ø A
horizontal
projectile
is
an
object
thrown
horizontal
and
falls
in
a
trajectory.
–
x-‐component
y-‐component
distance
Vit
𝑔𝑡 !
Ø When
an
object
is
undisturbed,
then
sum
2 speed
at
of
all
forces
is
zero.
If
several
forces
act
on
specific
point
Vi
gt
an
object
but
these
forces
cancel
each
on
the
path
other,
the
sum
of
all
forces
is
zero.
Σ𝐹 = 𝐹!"# = 0
Final
speed,
Vf
=
𝑉! ! + 𝑉! !
Ø Because
the
object
remains
at
its
state,
it
does
not
change
its
speed
or
it
does
not
where:
2 accelerate.
g
=
-‐9.80m/s
Stability
vs
Equilibrium
vs
Balance
y
is
always
negative
Stability
is
the
ability
to
return
to
the
original
or
Vy
is
always
negative
desired
position
despite
disturbances.
Vf
is
always
negative
Equilibrium
is
the
state/condition
where
a
body
Ø An
angled
projectile
is
an
object
thrown
achieves
zero
acceleration
despite
the
disturbances.
from
a
horizontal
plane
(e.g.
ground).
Balance
is
the
ability
to
control
equilibrium.
Ø At
maximum
height,
an
angled
projectile’s
Law
of
Acceleration
velocity
is
solely
x-‐component
such
that
• Law
of
Acceleration
explains
the
effect
of
a
velocity
along
the
vertical
is
zero.
This
disturbance.
When
the
forces
do
not
cancel,
an
condition
will
help
derive
the
equations
object:
for
angled
projectile
motion.
! !"#$ § at
rest
moves;
Time
of
rise
trise
=
!
! § in
motion
may
speed
up
or
slow
Time
airborne
2trise
=
!!! !"#$
down;
or
! § may
change
in
direction
Maximum
height
!! ! !"#! ! ymax
=
Ø The
amount
of
net
force
dictates
the
reached
!! ! magnitude
and
direction
of
acceleration.
Range
reached
R
=
!! !"#!!
The
direction
of
the
net
force
is
parallel
to
! 2 the
direction
of
the
acceleration.
g
=
-‐9.80m/s
Σ𝐹 = 𝐹!"# = 𝑚𝑎
Physics
Second
Quarter
Reviewer
made
by
M ikko
Santos
Force
Causes
Acceleration
UNIFORM
CIRCULAR
MOTION
• Unbalanced
forces
acting
on
an
object
cause
• Circular
motion
is
uniform
when
acceleration
if
the
object
to
accelerate.
the
rotating
or
revolving
object
remains
the
• The
combination
of
forces
acting
on
an
object
is
same.
This
acceleration
is
centripetal
or
center-‐ net
force.
seeking.
Graphically,
this
is
shown
when
the
Ø Acceleration
depends
on
Fnet
vector
centripetal
acceleration
is
perpendicular
Ø Increasing
acceleration
means
increasing
with
the
vector
velocity
of
the
rotating
object.
the
Fnet
• The
movement
of
the
object
in
a
circular
path
Ø Acceleration
of
the
object
is
directly
may
be
described
using
its
frequency,
f,
or
proportional
to
the
Fnet
acting
on
it
period,
T,
of
motion.
Frequency
of
motion
is
the
Mass
Resists
Acceleration
number
of
cycles
or
complete
circles
it
• An
increase
in
mass
will
result
in
a
decrease
in
completed
in
one
second.
Period
of
motion
is
acceleration.
the
number
of
seconds
it
takes
an
object
to
• Acceleration
is
inversely
proportional
to
the
finish
one
complete
circular
path.
mass.
• The
force
that
causes
the
object
to
continue
nd Newton’s
2
Law
moving
in
the
circular
path
in
uniform
motion
is
• It
describes
the
relationship
among
an
object’s
called
centripetal
force.
Its
magnitude
may
be
mass,
an
object’s
acceleration,
and
the
net
measured
in
terms
of
acceleration,
speed,
force
acting
on
an
object.
radius
of
path,
frequency
or
period.
Law
of
Interaction
Fc
=
mac
!! ! • Law
of
interaction
suggests
that
forces
come
in
=
! pairs
and
are
applied
by
the
objects
interacting
=
4𝜋 ! mrf
2 each
other.
It
is
normally
referred
to
as
“For
!!! !" every
action
is
an
equal
and
opposite
reaction”.
=
!! The
action
and
reaction
forces
do
not
cancel
Fc
=
mac
each
other
because
they
act
on
different
!! ac
=
objects.
! !! ! 𝐹! = – 𝐹!
Fc
=
!
Types
of
Forces
V
in
terms
of
T
v
=
!!"
Weight,
w,
is
the
pulling
force
of
the
Earth
on
any
! V
in
terms
of
f
v
=
2𝜋𝑟𝑓
object.
It
generally
points
towards
the
center
of
the
ac
in
terms
of
T
!!! !" Earth
or
simply,
downward,
when
drawn.
The
ac
=
!! magnitude
of
weight
is
the
product
of
mass
and
the
ac
in
terms
of
f
! ac
=
4𝜋 mrf
2
acceleration
due
to
gravity,
g.
Fc
in
terms
of
v
&
r
!! !
Fc
=
Tension,
T,
is
a
support
force
due
to
a
string
or
rope
! Fc
in
terms
of
T
!!! !" or
any
non-‐rigid
material
used
to
pull
an
object.
Since
Fc
=
!! this
is
a
pulling
force,
its
direction
is
away
from
but
Fc
in
terms
of
f
! Fc
=
4𝜋 mrf
2 along
the
line
of
the
string.
Normal
force,
N,
is
another
support
force
provided
by
!!! a
surface
to
any
object
that
rests
on
it.
This
is
always
m
=
!! !!" perpendicular
to
the
surface
and
away
from
what
it
v
=
! supports.
!! Frictional
force
of
friction,
f,
is
an
opposing
force
of
a
r
=
!! !!! surface
as
an
object
moves.
It
is
always
opposite
the
T
=
! direction
of
motion.
The
magnitude
of
frictional
force
! is
dependent
on
the
type
of
surfaces
in
contact
and
f
=
! !! the
normal
force.
ac
=
! f
=
𝜇 N
!! !
Fc
=
! A
free
body
diagram,
FBD,
is
a
diagram
of
concurrent
forces/arrows.
It
is
also
referred
to
as
force
diagram.
The
point
of
concurrency
represents
the
object
experiencing
the
forces
drawn
with
its
correct
direction.