THE SEXUAL SELF

Sex and Sexuality

SAY WHAT???
⦿ A homosexual couple holding hands
⦿ Two girls kissing inside the jeepney
⦿ Your crush is having an argument with his gf/bf
⦿ You have a sexually transmitted disease
⦿ Your crush offered to accompany you home
⦿ You found out that your bf/gf is gay/lesbian
⦿ You discovered that you‘re pregnant/your gf is
pregnant
⦿ Senior couple holding hands
⦿ Discovering nude pictures of other people in your
bf/gf’s phone
⦿ Which situations are easy to answer? Why?
⦿ Which are difficult to answer? Why?
⦿ When you have concerns about sexuality,
who do you approach? Why?
THE SEXUAL SELF
⦿ Human sexuality is influenced by physical,
psychological, spiritual, and cultural factors.

-understanding the human sexual response

- Identifying sexual orientations and
differentiating love from lust
- Avoiding risky sexual behavior
- This is an important topic that should be
discussed objectively
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
Sexual selfhood – how one thinks about himself
or herself as a sexual individual.
*sexuality just like beauty is culturally
diverse

Various ways of understanding sexuality:

1. HISTORICAL
Ancient Greece
-penis is the symbol of fertility and the male
body was greatly admired
-Wives were objects to be possessed
-Women have no legal and political rights, not
even allowed to read and write.
-only function is to bear children
“gyne” –bearer of children

The Middle Ages

-influenced by the church especially
“sexuality”
Church decree: all sexual acts which do not
lead to procreation is evil
-women were labelled as “temptress” or “of
virtue”
The Protestant Reformation
-Martin Luther and others started a movement
-sexuality is a natural part of life and that
priests should be allowed to marry and have
families
-sexual intimacy is to strengthen the bond
between husband and wife and not just for
procreation.
17th and 18th Century
-Puritans (discontented with the Church of
England) rallied for religious, moral, and social
reformation
-premarital sex was considered immoral

Victorian Era (1800s to 1901)

-homosexuality and prostitution were rampant
-people were not comfortable discussing body
parts.
-sex was a marital duty (pure)
-women were told that they should not enjoy
having sex or there is something wrong with them
-ejaculating more than once a month can weaken a
man, masturbation leads to blindness, insanity,
and death.
-20th century, separation between the church
and state reduced the influence of the church
over sexual matters and morals
-pregnancy was controlled by natural and
artificial contraception
-increased incidence of sexually transmitted
diseases because of risky sexual activities.
-rise of feminism (employment, home life)
-overtime, it led to today’s view of what is
considered sexually normal.
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
2. Biological
-it is the brain that initializes and organizes
sexual behavior.
-sexual reproduction
- starts with the body being prepared
(secondary sex characteristics)
male female
Lower voice Breasts enlarge
Hair growth(chest,face, Hair growth(underarms,
underarms, arms, legs, pubic area)
pubic area)
Increase in muscle size Hip widens
Oily skin and pores enlarge Oily skin and pores enlarge
 (Primary Sex Characteristics) for Procreation
male female
testes ovaries
penis Fallopian tubes
scrotum uterus
Seminal vesicles and vagina
prostate glands

-reproductive organs are being prepared for

functional maturity
- During intercourse, fertilization may take
place
*human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes
(threadlike structures composed of genes)

-22 pairs are called autosomes

-23rd pair (sex chromosomes) determines the
sex
female – x male -x or y

23rd pair or chromosome: xx-female xy-male

PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
3. Sociobiological/Evolutionary
Natural selection – process by which organisms
that are best suited for their environment are
most likely to survive.
traits that lead to reproductive advantage
tend to be passed on and maladaptive traits are
lost.
**It all begins with physical attraction
-beauty is more than just a cultural standard.
It is an evolutionary standard used to attract
best male or best female.
Women with big breasts – produce more milk and
ensures offspring’s survival.
Men with broad shoulders and muscles – ensure
safety and security for offspring

Survival is the goal of evolutionary perspective

but what’s important is the love, care and
responsibility each gender has for each other.

Aside from physical survival, the kind of life the

offspring will pass on to the next generation is
also important.
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
4. Psychological
-sexuality involves emotions
Freud’s sex instinct
(pleasure principle of the ID, EGO, SUPEREGO
Erogenous zones – areas of pleasure in the body
5 psychosexual stages of development:
1. Oral – eating, sucking
2. Anal – urinating, defecating
3. Phallic – sexual attraction towards opposite
sex parent
4. Latency – sexual impulses become dormant,
preoccupied with social activities
5. Genital – sexual attraction to others
PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SEXUALITY
5. Religious
- Judaism –marital sex is blessed by God and is
pleasurable for both man and woman.
-Sexual connection is an opportunity for
spirituality
- Islam – family is important
-celibacy within marriage is prohibited
-muslim men are allowed to have up to 4
wives while women must have only 1
husband
-extramarital sex is penalized
-Taoism (China) –sex is natural and healthy
- sexual union is a way to balance male and
female energy
-Hinduism – sexuality is seen as a spiritual
force
-ritual of lovemaking is celebrating and
transcending the physical
-Roman Catholic – marriage is purely for
intercourse and procreation
-homosexual orientation is not sinful but
homosexual acts are immoral and sinful.
-opposes use of birth control and abortion is
prohibited
 CLARIFYING SEXUAL TERMINOLOGIES
⦿ Sexual identity – includes sexual orientation,
ability to manage sexual feelings and capacity to
regulate his sexual behavior to avoid undesirable
consequences.

⦿ Gender – characteristics of people as males or

females. Lived role as boy or girl.

⦿ Gender role – expectations that prescribes how

female and males should think, act and feel.
CLARIFYING SEXUAL TERMINOLOGIES
⦿ Gender assignment (natal gender) – initial
assignment as male or female.
⦿ Gender reassignment – official, usually legal
gender change.
⦿ Gender identity – individual’s identification as
male, female or some other category

⦿ Masculine – qualities and behaviors judged by a

particular culture to be ideally associated with
or especially appropriate to men and boys.
⦿ Feminine – described as qualities and behaviors
judged by a particular culture to be ideally
associated with or especially appropriate to
women and girls.
CLARIFYING SEXUAL TERMINOLOGIES
⦿ Androgyny – those who have both masculine
and feminine traits, feelings, and qualities.

⦿ Asexuals – persons who do not experience

sexual drives or attraction to either sex.

⦿ Hypersexuals – those with excessive interest

in sex to the point where it can cause
problems in one’s life.
THE PHASES OF HUMAN
SEXUAL RESPONSE
stage description
excitement Body’s initial response to sexual
arousal characterized by increased
heart rate and blood pressure
plateau Period of sexual excitement prior
to orgasm characterized by
intensification of the changes
begun during excitement phase
orgasm Characterized by waves of intense
pleasure (climax), often associated
with vaginal contractions in
females and ejaculation in males.
resolution phase where the body returns to
its non-excited state.
CRITICAL THINKING
Is love a feeling or a decision?

-Write you answer in your notebook, take a photo

-Give personal examples as much as possible
-Submission: July 15, 9pm
-A5_fullname
LOVE

⦿ It is a motivation or goal-oriented state that

leads to various specific emotions, such as
euphoria or anxiety. Unlike many emotions, love
is not associated with any facial expression. It is
focused on a single reward. Emotions may come
and go but the motivation to be loved remains.

⦿ Concern for other’s well-being

⦿ Desire for physical presence and emotional
support
THREE PHASES OF ROMANTIC LOVE

⦿ Lust Phase – intensed craving for sexual

contact

⦿ Attraction Phase – energy and attention is

focused on one particular person.

⦿ Attachment Phase – long term bond, feeling

of security, comfort, and emotional union.
TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE
ROBERT STERNBERG
Intimacy –giving and receiving emotional
closeness, support, caring, and sharing.

Passion (hot component) – romantic and

sexual desire usually accompanied by
physical attraction and physiological
arousal.

Commitment (cold component) –

maintaining the relationship through good
and bad times.
JOHN LEE’S LOVE STYLES
1. Eros (EH-ros) romantic and passionate love which
emphasizes physical attraction and sexual desire /
love at first sight / quick to fall out of love
2. Agape (AH-gah-pay) selfless love / loving without
expecting anything in return.
3. Storge (Store-gay) - love related friendship and
nonsexual affection / gradual process
4. Ludus – love is a game / fun and entertainment /
no jealousy because there is no commitment
5. Mania – obsessive and possessive love / jealousy
is strong / can sometimes be out of control
6. Pragma – practical / everything is planned / not
intense nor out of control
LOVE AND SEXUAL
ISSUES
⦿ There are psychological theories that would
explain why people fall in love
1. Behavioral Reinforcement Theory – when
someone receives a reward, a positive feeling
may be experienced. The better the feelings
associated with the behavior, the more that the
behavior is repeated.
Ex: attention, gifts, other favors

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LOVE

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LOVE
2. Physiological Arousal Theory – our bodies
experience a physiological change then we assign
an emotion to that change.
Ex: a girl who sees her crush would experience
heart and respiratory elevation but we would
interpret it as ‘love’ or ‘crush’. But if a spider
falls in front of us the same heart and respiratory
elevation may happen but we would interpret it
as ‘fear’
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LOVE
⦿ 3. Evolutionary Theories – male seeks a
female who is physically attractive to carry
their offspring while female seeks a male who
can support her and their offspring
FACTORS TO DETERMINE WITH
WHOM PEOPLE FALL IN LOVE
⦿ Physical attractiveness (though beauty is in
the eye of the beholder)
⦿ Reciprocity (liking those who also like us)
⦿ Proximity (being around anytime, physically
or virtually)
⦿ Similarities (age, religion, education, race,
both physically attractive, intelligence,
socio-economic class, etc.)
⦿ Human sexual behavior is an activity either
solitary, by pair or by group which induces
sexual arousal.
⦿ But not all sexual arousal lead to sexual
activity.
⦿ Humans are constantly exposed to sexual
stimuli, either through an attractive person,
an advertisement, movies and shows with
sexual themes. Thus, it should be regulated.
There should be a balance on when and
where to properly express and suppress it.

DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

1. Sociosexual behavior – involving more than
one person. It is generally expressed in
heterosexual and homosexual behavior.
2. Solitary behavior – self stimulation or
self-masturbation
-while it may relieve stress, improve fertility,
and lower the chance of getting prostate cancer,
if it begins to interfere with your life such as
frequently missing work or social engagements,
then it is a sign of a problem.

*Erotic dreams, nocturnal emission or wet dreams

DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

⦿ Exhibitionism
⦿ Voyeurism
⦿ Sexual
sadism and
masochism
SEXUAL BEHAVIORS CONSIDERED
WRONG OR DEVIANT
SEXUAL ORIENTATION

- A person’s predisposition or inclination

regarding sexual behavior, emotional
attachment or physical attraction to one or
both sexes (Rosenthal, 2013)

Orientation vs. Preference

1. HOMOSEXUAL – a person whose sexual orientation
is toward another of the same sex.
a. Lesbian – a woman whose sexual and romantic
attraction is toward women.
b. Gay – a man whose sexual and romantic
orientation is towards other men

SEXUAL ORIENTATION
2. HETEROSEXUAL - a person whose sexual
orientation is toward others of the opposite sex.

3. BISEXUAL – a person who may be sexually

orientated to both men and women.

SEXUAL ORIENTATION
4. PANSEXUAL – a new sexual orientation of persons
who are sexually attracted to people regardless of
their sex or gender identity.

Pan – greek word for ‘all or every’

-also called gender blind , more ‘fluid’

-aside from men and women, they may also be
attracted to transgender, transsexuals, androgynous,
and other gender categories

SEXUAL ORIENTATION
5. TRANSGENDER – broad spectrum of individuals who
persistently identify with a gender different from
their natal gender.
-most go through Sex Reassignment Surgery.

- gender dysphoria – distress that may accompany

the incongruence between one’s expressed gender or
gender identity and one’s assigned gender.

SEXUAL ORIENTATION
⦿ Photo lay-out of your favorite things

Short description of what they are and what

they say about you.

A6_fullname
Deadline: July 16, 2020
9:00pm
- Diseases contracted though
sexual contact with an infected
individual. It is an increasing
health problem.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

1. GENITAL HERPES – caused by a large family of
viruses of different strains. These strains also
produce other non-sexually transmitted disease such
as chicken pox.

2. GENITAL WARTS – caused by human

papillomavirus. They are very contagious and are
commonly acquired in the US in 15-24 age group.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

3. GONORRHEA – thrives in the moist mucuous
membranes linings of the mouth, throat, vagina,
cervix, urethra, and the anal tract.
Symptoms:
Males – discharge from the penis and burning
sensations during urination
*complication may lead to prostate, bladder, and
kidney problems as well as sterility.
Females – irritating vaginal discharge
*complication may lead to infertility

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

4. SYPHILIS – if left untreated, it may progress
through 4 phases:
1. Primary - Sores appear
2. Secondary - General skin rashes occur
3. Latent – no overt symptoms which may last for
several years
4. Tertiary – cardiovascular disease, blindness,
paralysis, skin ulcer, liver damage, mental
problem and death

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

5. CHLAMYDIA – the most common
urinary tract and bladder infection as well
as vaginal yeast infection

6. HIV AND AIDS (separate slides)

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

 METHODS OF
CONTRACEPTION

(ARTIFICIAL AND
NATURAL)
HORMONAL METHOD
(PRESEVENTS THE RELEASE OF AN EGG OR
OVULATION)

- ORAL CONTRACEPTION
- THE PATCH
- THE RING
- IMPLANTS
- INJECTABLE
BARRIER METHODS

-DIAPHRAGM
-CERVICAL CAPS
-MALE AND FEMALE CONDOMS
(spermicides)
BEHAVIORAL METHODS

-RHYTHM OR CALENDAR METHOD

-ABSTINENCE OR CELIBACY
-OUTERCOURSE
-WITHDRAWAL
STERILIZATION

-TUBAL LIGATION
-VASECTOMY
INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION (EC)