BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Short metal "T" beam used in suspended ceiling systems to bridge the spaces between the main
1 Cross Tee
beams
2 Roofing tile which has the shape of an “S” laid on its side Pantile
Clay roofing tile approximately semi cylindrical in shape laid in courses with units having their
3 Mission Tile
convex side alternately up and down
4 Groove cut into a board or panel intended to receive the edge of a connecting board Dado
Part of the building foundation which forms the permanent retaining wall of the structure below
5 Foundation Wall
grade
Part of a foundation system which supports the exterior walls of a superstructure and beams
6 Grade Beam
directly on the column footing
7 Black, tar like waterproofing material applied to the exterior of a foundation wall Damp proofing
8 System of framing a building in which the studs are continuous to roof supporting second floor Balloon Framing
System of framing a building on which floor joists of each storey rest on the top plates of the
9 Western Framing
storey below and the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each storey
An exterior security lock installed on exterior entry doors that can be activated only with a key or
10 Dead Bolt
thumb-turn
11 Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand operated machine Tryolean Finish
12 Principal member of the truss which extends from one end to the other primarily to resist bending Chord

13 Vertical members in a railing used between a top rail and bottom rail or the stair treads Baluster
14 An iron alloy usually including carbon and silicon which has high compressive strength but low Cast Iron
Ferrous metal that offers great resistance to abrassion and finds important use in the cutting
15 Nickel Steel
edges of heavy digging tools
16 Commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and ductility Wrought Iron
17 Window or door in which two panes of glass are used with a sealed air space between Double Glass
18 The wall of Intramuros Fortification
19 Concrete slab should have a minimum clearance 15mm
20 Special type of plate girder consisting of tees, angles and multiple web Hybrid Girder
21 Beam that projects beyond one or both its support Cantilever Beam
22 Wall (bearing or non-bearing) designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the wall Shear Wall
23 Modern method of installing wood parquet flooring on wooden boards sub-flooring Gluing / Pasting
24 Standard height of window sills for office rooms in upper floors 0.90 m
Dimension of commercial acoustic boards for aluminum T-runners used for dropped-ceiling in
25 24" x 48" x 1/2"
offices
26 Horizontal exterior roof overhang Eaves
27 Structural method used for longer span/ interval of columns Post-tensioning
28 Humidification and condensation in exterior walls are minimized by providing: Building paper
Corrugated metal or concrete barrier walls installed around a basement window to hold back the
29 Area Wells
earth
30 Type of slab when the ratio of short span to the long span of a slab is less than 0.50 One-Way Slab
31 Tar paper. Installed under the roof shingles Felt
32 Longitudinal beams which rest on the top chord and preferably at the joints of the truss Purlins
33 The section of which the moment changes from positive to negative Inflection Point
34 Narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel boards in the same Batten
A wood or plywood piece used to fasten the ends of two members together at a butt joint with Fish Plate or Gusset
35
nails or bolts Plate
36 The stressing of unbounded tendons after concrete has cured Post-tensioning
37 The boxing in of covering a joist, beam or girder to give the appearance of a larger beam Beam Blocking
Pressure exerted against the underground portion of a building created by the presence of water
38 Atmospheric Pressure
in the soil
39 Window which projects outside the main line of a building and the compartment in which it is Bay Window
40 Joint employed to reduce restraint by accommodating movement of masonry walls Control Joints
41 Joint used for adjoining existing building to new building Expansion Joint
Joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is placed against
42 Cold Joint
it
Joint used when vertical and horizontal surface is reinforced concrete where concreting was
43 Construction Joint
stopped and continued later
Joint that is a straight groove which is used on concrete floors to "control" where the concrete
44 Control Joint
should crack
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Joint formed by overlapping the edges of metal sheet or plated and joining them by riveting,
45 Lap Seam
soldering or brazing
46 Interior paint that contains a high proportion of pigment and dries to a flat/ lusterless finish Flat Paint
47 Filipino term for horizontal stud Trabe-Anzo
48 Filipino term for floor joist Soleras
49 Filipino term for rabbet Vaciada
50 Filipino term for plastered course Kusturada
51 Filipino term for bottom chord Tirante
52 Filipino term for purlin Reostra
53 Filipino term for eave Alero
54 Filipino term for top chord Tahilan
55 Filipino term for temper (metal work) Poleva
56 Filipino term for plumb line Hulog
57 Filipino term for projection Bolada
58 Filipino term for rafter Kilo
59 Filipino term for baseboard Rodapis
60 Filipino term for alignment Asintada
61 Filipino term for bath tub Baniera
62 Filipino term for brace Pie De Gallo
Pundido (parang
63 Filipino term for cast iron
manny)
64 Filipino term for contractor Kontratista (yeah!)
65 Filipino term for downspout Tubo de Banada
66 Filipino term for pattern Plantilya
67 Filipino term for mortar Paupo
68 A steel plate attached to both sides at each joint of a truss Gang Nail Plate
69 Climatic factor that is considered in the structural and architectural design of tall buildings Lightning
70 Dry walls are customarily finished Lath and Plaster
1/4 Ø plastic hose
71 One method of leveling batterboards without the transit is the use of
filled w/ water
3-4-5 multiples with
72 Manual method of squaring the corners of a building lines in building layout
the use of steel tape
73 The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the fibers in wood Grain
74 The most common materials used for roofing of urban residential houses G.I. Sheets
75 Block or panel type insulating material used in flat roof of commercial or industrial building Corkboard
76 Standard size overlap for corrugated G.I. roofing 1 1/2 corr
77 A continuous recess built into a wall to receive pipes, ducts, etc. Chase
78 Building stone of igneous origin and composed of quartz, hornblende and mica Serpentine
79 Form of brick bond which is composed of alternating courses of headers and stretchers English Bond
80 Form of brick bond which is composed entirely of stretchers Running Bond
Form of brick bond which is a variation of a running bond with a full course of headers at regular Common Bond /
81
intervals American Bond
Form of brick bond in which each course is alternately composed of entirely of headers or of
82 Flemish Bond
stretchers
A notch cut in the end of a rafter to permit it to fit flat on a wall and on the top, doubled, exterior
83 Heel Cut
wall plate
A geological or ground condition considered in determining the size and type of foundation of the
84 Soil Bearing Pressure
building
85 Materials excellent as vapor barrier in the roofing system of residential buildings Aluminum Foil Sheets
Reinforced Concrete
86 The chief structural materials, used for tall buildings
and High Grade Steel
Material that holds less moisture, is very light, less water absorptive capacity and is very good in Asbestos-Cement
87
sidings of dwelling units Shingles
88 The finished frame surrounding a door Door Jamb
89 A door lock with a spring bolt controlled by one or both knobs and dead bolt controlled by a key Knob Bolt

Door consisting of two separate leaves, one above the other, this leaves may operate
90 Dutch Door
independently or together
91 A twisting force Torsion
The appearance concrete makes when rocks in the concrete are visible and where there are void
92 Honey Combs
areas in the foundation wall, especially around concrete foundation windows
93 A barrier or diaphragm formed to prevent the movement of soil to stabilize foundation Sheet Piling
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

94 Refers to the term stone-cut Wood Siding

95 Standard concrete mix for beams, girders, slabs, stairs and columns AA
96 Chord splice connectors for trusses Split-Ring
97 A specialized fastener used to pull on to hold mitered joints together Clamp Nail
98 Most waterproofed type of mortar joints for wall Weathered
99 Rafters laid diagonally from corner of a plate or girts to the ridge Hip Rafter
The horizontal boards nailed to corner post to assist in the accurate layout of foundation and
100 Batter Boards
excavation lines
Columns in which a concrete core is reinforced with a steel or cast-iron core designed to support
101 Composite Column
a part of load
102 Instrument or tool capable of vertical and horizontal line check Spirit Level / Bar level
A three-dimensional structural system without bearing walls composed of interconnected laterally
103 supported so as to or without the aids of horizontal diaphragms or floor-bracing system function Space Frame
as a complete self-contained unit with
104 The metal latch plate in a door frame into which a doorknob plunger latches Keeper
105 The appropriate painting material type for wood surfaces Zinc Chromate
106 Coating of commercially made corrugated G.I. sheets, ga. 26, having standard corrugation Aluminum Coating
107 Wood flooring finishing material 7 & 6 Wood Planks
108 A common paint film defect where progressive powdering from the surface inward occurs Chalking
109 Time required for the removal of a form works of a concrete footing 24 hours
110 Wall partition wooden framing Studs
111 The appropriate paint material for G.I. sheet roofing Acrylic Latex Paint
112 The paint finishing material of long-span pre-painted roofing sheet Acrylic Paint
113 Hardware used to fasten corrugated asbestos cement roofing sheet on a steel purlin L Hook Bolt
114 Hardware used to fasten an asphalt strip roof shingle on wooden sheets/planks Staple Wire
115 A type of concrete floor which has no beam Flat Slab
116 Tool used for guiding and testing the work to a vertical and horizontal position Level Tool
117 Tool for testing and for framing work Steel Square
118 Vertical surface on face of a stair step Riser
The complete records of test conduction (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be preserved and
119 made available for inspection during the progress of construction and after completion of the 2 years
projects for a period of not less than
120 Nominal 1" - 2" thk members connecting opposite roof rafters to stiffen the roof structure Collar Beam
121 Thickness of a wood plank 2" to 5"
122 Distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight Run
A high-speed rotary shaping hand power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving on solid
123 Portable Hand Router
wood
124 A mixture of sand and stone and a major component of concrete Aggregate
125 The major horizontal supporting member of the floor system Girder
126 A wall supporting no load other than its own weight Nonbearing Wall
127 A wall that support weight from above as well as their own dead weight Load Bearing Wall
128 A wall that holds back on earth embankment Retaining Wall
A wall which supports vertical loads in addition to its weight without the benefit of a complete
129 Bearing Wall
vertical load carrying space frame
130 A non-bearing wall built on a concrete floor Floating Wall
131 It is designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the plane of the wall Shear Wall
132 The occupancy load which either partially or fully in place or may not be present at all Live Load
133 Distance between inflection point in the column when it breaks Effective Length
134 The most important component to determine the strength of a concrete mix Cement
135 The total of all the tread widths in a stair Total Run
A pit in a basement floor made to collect water into which a pump is placed to pump the liquid to
136 Sump Pit
the sewer pipe
137 The pre-construction of components as a part of a whole Prefabrication
138 An opening in the roof for admitting light Skylight
139 Wood coming out from trees with needle leaves, rather than broad leaves Softwood
140 A kind of brick used for high temperature Firebrick
A nailer strip incorporated in rough concrete wall to be plastered to act as guide and support for
141 Plaster Ground
finish trim around openings and near the base of the wall
142 Distance between two structural supports Span
143 Scientific name for wood Xylem
144 A small member which divides the glass or openings of sash or doors Muntin
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

145 Roof that has four sloping sides Hip Roof

146 Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion Rip-rap
147 A tough used for carrying off water Moat
148 The process of removing concrete forms from the cured concrete Stripping
149 A structural member spanning from truss-to-truss or supporting rafters Purlin
A threaded steel bent inserted of masonry construction for securing wood or metal plates to
150 Anchor Bolt
concrete construction
A horizontal piece of wood, stone, steel or concrete across the top of door or window opening to
151 Lintel
bear the weight of the walls above the opening
152 The placing of glass in windows or doors Glazing
153 Another word for handmill on a stair construction Banister
154 A joint produced by lapping two pieces of materials Lap Joint
The most common type of hinge where one leaf attaches to the door's edge, the other to its
155 Butt Hinge
jamb
156 Lumber that still contains moisture or sap Green Lumber
157 The internal angle formed by the two roof slopes of a roof Valley
158 A vertical board attached on the ends of the rafters Facia
159 A large heavy nail Spike
160 Underwater watertight chamber to allow construction work to be done Caisson
161 Smooth on four sides
Lumber specification S4S
162 The term used to indicate top and lower principal member of a roof or bridge truss Chord
163 Strips of hardwood, usually 2x2” laid over a concrete slab floor Wood Saddle
164 Miter square is a guiding and testing tool that has a permanent blade set 45
165 A beveled metal tongue operated by a spring-loaded knob or lever Latch
166 A wall that serves two (2) dwelling units, known also as party wall Common Wall
167 The hardware on a door to accommodate the knob and lockset keyhole Escutcheon
The material used for the process of making watertight the roof intersection and other exposed
168 Flashing
areas on the exterior of a building
169 A short wood bracket or cantilever that supports an overhang portion of a roof Lookout
170 The term to describe the putting up of the skeleton of the building Formworks
171 Wedge-shaped stone of an arch Keystone
172 Fireproof door with metal covering Kalomein Door
173 The triangular, decorative and supporting member that holds a mantel or horizontal shelf Corbel
174 Lumber that is not squared or finished Milled Lumber
A round steel bolt embedded in concrete or masonry use to hold down machinery, steel columns
175 Foundation Bolt
or beams, casting, shoes, beams plates and engine heads
Simplest type of fiber carpet weaving where pile forms as the wrap yarns loop over removable
176 Velvet
“wires” inserted consecutively across the loom
A pretreatment of poured concrete such as walls beams and columns where a thin layer of lean
177 cement grout mixed with masonry spoon to the surface to give a “tooth” for excellent plaster Scratch Coat
adhesion flexible base additives is splattered by tampico brush or
A special coating system with a high gloss shine while maintaining the natural wood qualities, Polyurethane Floor
178
maintenance free, used to finish and topcoat wood flooring Coating
179 A type of wood end joint where both wood are cut at equal angles diagonally Scarf
A type of terazzo floor described by its physical appearance whereby the stone or pebble is
180 Standard Terazzo
intentionally exposed while the cement matrix is depressed
181 An extension of a rafter beyond the wall line Outrigger
A type of window where the ventilating sash rotates 90 degrees to 180 degrees about the header
182 Pivoted Window
and sill or about the side jamb
183 Used to fill a joint with mastic or asphalt plastic cement to prevent leaks Caulking
184 Type of joint is used to install a glass into a lite of a French window Rabbet
185 Water-mixed product with a ratio of 1:20 to stabilize lime activity in new masonry surface Masonry Neutralizer
186 A crosswise groove at the end of a board Notch
187 Shutter proof opaque glass used to construct a door with glass to allow natural light only Figured Wired Glass
The act of excavating or filling of earth or any sound material or combination thereof, in
188 Grading
preparation for a finishing surface such as paving
189 Adjustable metal column used to support a beam or bearing point Monopost
One of a series of parallel framing members used to support ceiling loads and supported in turn Ceiling Joist or Roof
190
by larger beams, girders or bearing walls Joist
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

A floor finish commercially size 1” x 12” x 12” utilizing clay and fired in traditional manner making
191 Vigan Tiles
interesting and attractive rustic clay shade patterns
Steel element such as wire, cable, bar, rod or strand, or a bundle of such elements, used to
192 Tendon
impart prestress to concrete
193 The upper member of a column, pilaster, door cornice, molding, or fireplace Cap
194 A trim board that is installed beneath a window sill Apron
195 A unit of measure for lumber equal to 1 inch thick by 12 inches wide by 12 inches long Boardfoot
196 Frames of wood or metal enclosing part (or all) of a window sash Casement
The replacement of excavated earth into a trench around or against a basement or crawl space
197 Backfill
foundation wall
Frame lumber installed between the wall studs to give additional support for drywall or an interior
198 Backing
trim related item, such as handrail brackets, cabinets, and towel bars
199 Window with hinges on one of the vertical sides and swings open like a normal door Casement Window
200 Horizontal beam rafter that supports shorter rafters Barge
201 Window space projecting outward from the walls of a building Bay Window
202 Bonding together two or more layers of materials Laminating
Bottom horizontal member of an exterior wall frame which rests on top a foundation, sometimes
203 Mudsill
called sill plate
204 Small-diameter, pre-drilled hole that guides a nail or screw Pilot Hole
205 A joist that runs around the perimeter of the floor joists and home Rim Joist
In a building frame, a structural element that is shorter than usual, as a stud above a door
206 Cripple stud
opening or below a window sill
207 Carpentry joint by 2 uneven timbers, each of which is notched at the place where they cross Cogged joint
A step usually lowest in a flight, having one or both ends rounded to a semi-cricle and projecting
208 Bull-nosed step
beyond the face of the stair string/s
209 A massive concrete wall that resists overturning by virtue of its own weight Gravity wall
210 In masonry, a hard stone or brick used to reinforce an external corner of a wall Quoin
211 A type of half lapped joint used to resist tension Scarf joint
212 One of a number of short vertical member often circular in section to support a stair handrail Baluster
213 The arrangement and design of window in a building Fenestration
214 What concrete block that is used in making a corner of an anchor wall Fig. A-1
215 Lateral ties used for 36mm main bars for column is 12mm
216 Portion of a beam where bending moment changes from positive to negative Inflection point
217 A brick laid on its edge so that its end is visible Rowlock
A short flat piece of lumber which is bolted, nailed or screwed to butting pieces in order splice
218 Scab
them together
219 Diagonal bracing in pairs between adjacent floor joist to prevent the joist fro twisting Cross bridging
220 A bar used to hold the reinforcement on a beam Web
221 A small finishing nail is called Brad
222 A roof wherein the four sides are sloping towards the center terminating at a point Pyramid roof
223 A metal sheet used to connect girder and floor joist at the same level Stirrup
224 A slender structural unit introduced onto the ground to transmit load to underground strata Pile
225 Brick set on end with the narrow side showing is called Soldier
226 Finely divided solid particles added to the vehicle to contribute color and durability to paint Pigment
227 End lapping of corrugated G.I. roofing sheets 30cm
228 Inclined structural member that supports the steps of a stair Carriage
229 Structural steel shape having unsymmetrical balance Channel
230 Hooked end of a 12mm stirrups 6cm
231 Which among the concrete block is the header block Fig B-2
232 A device used as a guide of the hand saw in cutting object to form a milter joint Miter box
233 Plastic hose w/ water
The best and accurate tool for guiding the work in establishing a horizontal level
234 Minimum thickness of suspended R.C. slab 100mm
235 Total board foot of 10 pcs. 2"x2"x12' 40 bd.ft.
236 Which among the brick work is a common flemish bond Fig. C-3
237 Xyladecor is a product of Boysen
238 Wall that support weight from above as well as their own dead weight Load bearing wall
239 The distance between inflection point in the column when it breaks Effective length
240 The amount of space measured in cubic units. Volume
241 A bended rod to resist shear and diagonal stresses in a concrete Stirrups
242 The most important component to determine the strength of concrete Cement
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

243 Another term for plaster board Gypsum board

244 The face or front of a building Façade
245 An opening in the roof for admitting light Skylight
246 Wood coming from trees with needle leaves, rather than broad leaves Soft wood
247 A kind of brick used for high temperature Fire brick
A nailer strip incorporated in rough concrete wall to be plastered to act as guide and support for
248 Plaster ground
finish trim around opening and near the base of the wall
249 The distance between two structural supports Span
250 Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion Rip-rap
251 Hammer is a _______________. Striking tool
252 Which among the finger joint is the hidden dove tail Fig. D-2
253 The process of removing concrete forms from the cured concrete Stripping
254 A structural member spanning fron truss to truss or supporting rafters Purlins
255 Steel bent inserted in masonry construction for scouring wood or plates to concrete const Anchor bolts
A horizontal piece of wood, stone, steel or concrete across the top of door or window opening to
256 Lintel
bear the weight of the walls above the opening opening to bear the weight of the walls above the
257 opening
The placing of glass in windows and doors Glazing
258 A rejected building material because of its below standard grade Cull
259 A joint produced by lapping two pieces of materials Lap joint
260 Lumber that still contains moisture or sap Green lumber
261 The internal angle formed by the two roof slopes of a roof Valley
262 A vertical board attached on the ends of the rafters. It is part of the cornice Fascia
263 A large heavy nail is referred to as Spike
264 What is the scientific name of wood Xylem
265 A wall that holds back on earth embankment Retaining wall
266 The term used to indicate top and lower principal member of a roof or bridge truss Chord
267 Strips of hardwood usually 2"x2" laid over a concrete slab floor Sleeper
268 A vertical structural member which acts as a supporting element in a wall or partition Stud
269 Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand operated machine Tyrolean finish
270 Curing of concrete or mortar without the gain or loss of heat during the curing period Adiabatic curing
271 A floor tile composed principally of polyvinyl chloride Vinyl tile
272 The permanent deformation of a materials under a sustained load Creep
273 The vertical face of a stair Riser
274 Groove extended along the edge or face of the wood member being cut parallel to grain Plough
275 The stressing of unbonded tendons after concrete has cured Post-tensioning
276 A brick whose face has been hacked to resemble roughly hacked stone Ashlar brick
277 A type of tape used in finishing joints between gypsum board Perforated tape
278 Employed to reduce restraint by accomodating movement of masonry walls Control joint
279 A window sash which opens inward and is hinged at the bottom Hopper
280 Inlaid wood flooring usually set in simple geometric pattern Parquet
281 Anchor bolts and strap are molded out of Wrought iron
282 Common hardware fastener for truss braces Lag screw
283 Sealer type of washer for G.I. roofing sheets Lead
284 Trade name for anti-termite surface application on wood Solignum
285 Retarders or accelerators concrete setting Admixture
286 Coated with zinc Galvanized
287 Technical term for earthquake Seismic
288 Vertical frame of paneled door Stile
289 Fascia between floor and wall Baseboard
290 Cement, sand, and water Mortar
291 Filipino term for framework Balangkas
292 Filipino term for bottom chord Barakilan
293 Filipino term for collar Sinturon
294 Filipino term for plastered course Kusturada
295 Filipino term for purlins Reostra
296 Filipino term for wainscoating tiles Asolehos
297 Filipino term for wrought iron strap Platsuela
298 Filipino term for ceiling joist Kostilyahe
299 Filipino term for door fillet Batidora
300 Filipino term for girder Guililan
301 Filipino term for masonry fill Lastilyas
302 Filipino term for downspout Tubo de banada
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

303 Filipino term for cabinet hinge Espolon

304 Filipino term for brace Pie de gallo
305 Filipino term for bathtub Baniera
306 Filipino term for temper (metal work) SUBAN
307 Horizonatal distance from the face of a lock or latch to the center of the knob or lock cylinder BACKSET
308 A principal member of a truss CHORD
309 Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a wall with a hand operatingn machine TYROLEAN FINISH
310 A roofing tile which has the shape of "S" laid on its side PANTILE
311 A commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and ductility WROUGHT IRON
312 Joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is placed COLD JOINT
313 Has high compressive strength but low tensile strength CAST IRON
314 Horizontal surfaces on which the stone units lie on course BED
That part of the foundation for a building which forms the permanent retaining wall of the
315 FOUNDATION WALL
structure below grade
316 The boxing in or covering a joist beam or girder to give appearance of a larger beam BEAM BLOCKING
A system of framing building in which floor joist of each storey rest on the top plates of the
317 WESTERN FRAMING
storey below and the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each storey
HYDROSTATIC
318 Pressure equivalent to that exerted on a surface by a column of a water at a given height
PRESSURE
319 Fashion tone ceiling tiles manufacturer ACI INSULATION
JACINTO COLOR
320 Pre painted longspan roofing manufacturer
STEEL
THERMAL
321 Combination of aluminum foil, installed beneath the ceiling under G.I. Roofing
INSULATION
ELECTROLYTIC
322 Anodizing gives aluminum oxide coating by means of this
ACTION
HIGH TENSILE
323 Use of aluminum sheets is not allow in this material
STRENGTH
324 A brand name of asbestos roofing PLACA ROMANA
325 Anchor bolts and column straps are made of this STEEL
326 Tradename for plastic materials FORMICA
327 First group of wood used as shoring TANGUILE
328 Minimum thickness of footing according to NBC 250mm
329 A passageway of a chimney FLUE
330 A defects in softwood consist of an opening in the grain that contains pitch or resin PITCH POCKET
331 Lumber defects caused by broken twigs KNOTS
They are used for unpainted surfaces or those to be repainted after most of the original paint has
332 PRIMER SEALER
been removed
333 Concrete mixed ideal for road pavement and waterproof structure AA
334 Lumber defects due to the effects of fungi MOLDS AND STAINS
335 To coat steel or iron by immersing in a bath of zinc GALVANIZING
336 A boring bit having a conical shaped cutter to accommodate the head of the screw COUNTERSINK
337 A metal plate attached to the face of a door, around the shaft for the door knob ROSE
338 The process of marking wood, metal bricks using pointed material SCRIBE
339 A brand of liquid solution of pigment in suitable vehicle of oil, organic solvent or water DAVIES
A building material made of fused silica with alkaline bases, drawn up with a metal bar from a
340 GLASS
tank
341 A low wall around a chalet type house ZOCALO
342 Common hardware fastener for truss braces LAG SCREW
343 A material which provides a seal as a result of pressure between he faces of a joint COMPRESSION SEAL
344 The cross bar of a panic exit device; serves as a push bar to actuate the panic hardware CRASH BAR
345 Rock volume to collect water in retaining wall BLEEDER MASS
346 A horizontal timber which serves as a base for the stud in a stud partition SOLEPLATE

347 One of the outer structural member of a frame; as at the outer edge of a door or a window sash STILE

348 A tradename for for anti-termite surface application on wood SOLIGNUM

349 A roofing material having a galvanized steel as base with acrylic overglazedd COLOROOF
350 Concrete with low cement content LEAN
351 Pre-casted custom designed architectural panel with specially designed waterproof joints FLOOR PANEL
352 A barrier or diaphragms formed to prevent the movement of the soil, to stabilize the foundations SHEET PILE
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

353 A fireproof door with metal covering KALAMEIN

Comes from decidous or broadleaf trees and are typically used for flooring, stairs, paneling,
354 HARDWOOD
furniture and interior form
355 The evergreens and are used for general construction relatively soft and easy to cut and work SOFTWOOD
356 Used for posts, girder, jambs attached to concrete and also for wooden decks YACAL
357 Finest wood for furniture TINDALO
358 Used for paneling and plywood veneer DAO
359 Tanguile like for framing chests, jewel boxes, stair frames KAMAGONG
360 Philippine mahogany for framing chests, stair, frame WHITE LAUAN
361 Used for framing joist, truss APITONG
362 Most expensive used for furniture and paneling, flooring, door pnels, stairs NARRA
363 The most common lumber in the market; used generally for framing, joists, nailer, studs TANGUILE
364 Used for paneling ALMACIGA
365 The hard cross grained mass of wood formed in a trunk at the place where a branch joins a trunk KNOTS

A crack due to natural causes occuring in timber; includes ring shakes, cup shakes heart shakes,
366 SHAKES
star shakes and wind shakes
367 A defects in softwoods; consist of an opening in the grain that contains pitch or resins PITCHPOCKETS
368 A cracks that extends completely throug a piece of wood or veneer SPLIT
A small crack running parallel to the grain in wood and across the rings, usually caused by
369 CHECK
shinkage during drying
370 Distortion in shape of parallel plane surface WARP
A round edge or bark along an edge at a corner of a piece of lumber; usually caused by sawing
371 WANE
too near the surface of the lag
The decay of seasoned wood caused by fungi of a type capable of carrying water into the wood
372 DRY ROT
they infest
373 1 inch x 12 inches x 1 foot of length 1 BOARD FOOT
BOARD FOOT
374 Thickness x Width x Length / 12
FORMULA
375 1" TO 1 1/2" thk and wider BOARDS
376 2" to 4" thk DIMENSION LUMBER
377 5" x 5" and larger TIMBERS
A bi-product of wood where waste wood boards are compressed finishes on both sides with a thin
378 PLYBOARD
layer of wood, glued together with industrial glues
379 Hip roof support JACK RAFTER
380 Another term for plaster board GYPSUM BOARD
A nailer strip incorporated in rough concrete wall to be plastered to act as a guide and support for
381 TRIMMING GUARD
finish trims around openings and near the base of the wall
382 Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion RIPRAP
383 Strips or hardwods usually 2" x 2" laid over a concrete slab floor SLEEPERS
384 Steel window section for muntins Z BAR
A hardener mixture mixed with marble dust to fill-up the gap of marble slabs during installatiuon
385 POLYMER
of floor or wall finishes
386 A type of handless lockset key operatd to give double security DEAD BOLT LOCK
387 Admixture that impart color on concrete TRUSCON
PRE-TENSIONED
388 Tension is placed on the reinforcing prior to the placing of the concrete
CONCRETE
389 Subjecting reinforcement bars, tendons to tension on a stress bed prior to concrete pouring PRE STRESSING
390 The soil or rock directly beneath the footing FOUNDATION BED
391 Minimum time required for removing the form for sides of beams and girders 3 DAYS
392 To improve the water repellant qualities of cement in concrete mixing SAHARA
393 A paint defects causes by applying a finish coat over too damp a base coat BLISTERING
394 A type of concrete floor which has no beam FLAT SLAB
395 A 2" to 5" thick piece of lumber WOOD PLANK
396 A flat glass sheet possesing high quality polished, smooth surface FLOAT GLASS
397 A protein; the chief nitrogenous ingredient of milk CASEIN
A type of roofing materials made from semi solid mixture of complex hydrocarbons derived from
398 ASPHALTIC
coal of petroleum and before installation dissolved in solvent, emulsified, heated to liquid
The tradename for flouroplastic which is transparent to opaque in character and is used primarily
399 TEFLON
for electrical fixture and pipe sealing
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

400 The chemical reaction between cement and water which produces hardened cement HYDRATION
401 The process of striking the concrete in order to bring the surface to the required grade SCREEDING
Temporary structure used to support a permanent structure during its erection and until its
402 FALSEWORK
become self supporting
403 An excavation whose length greatly exceeds its width TRENCH
A type of steel that develops a protective oxide coat on its surface upon exposure to the
404 WEATHERING STEEL
elements so that the painting is not required for protection
A pattern bond with alternate strechers and headers in each with headers centered over
405 FLEMISH BOND
stretchers in the course below
HEAVYWEIGHT
406 Such as barite, magnitite and steel punching and is used primarily for nuclear radiation shielding
CONCRETE
A type of scaffold which has one line of standard to support the outside of the scaffold deck,
407 PUTLOG SCAFFOLD
while the inside edge is supported from the wall being built
408 A portland cement specification ASTM C 150
A clad aluminium sheet used for standrad corrugated, ribbed or V-beam section and various
409 ALCLAD
embossed pattrens for industrial roofing and curtain wall sheets
410 A common paint film defect where progressive powdering from the surfaces inward occurs CHALKING
411 Inlaid wood flooring usually set in simple geometric patterns PARQUET
A special coating system with high gloss shine while maintaining the natural wood qualities, POLYURETHANE
412
maintenance free, used to finish topcoat and wood flooring FLOOR COATING
A type of plastic rigid to flexible, translucent to opaque and is used in insulation, siding, wood
413 PVC
imitation, flooring and piping
414 The paint materials used for sealing, filling, correcting surface defects on wood surfaces GLAZING PUTTY
A type of cement that provides 190% of type I strength after one day curing and also produces TYPE III HIGH EARLY
415
about 150% of the heat of hydration of normal cement during first seven days STRENGTH
416 The process of proportioning cement, water, aggregates and additives prior to concrete mixing BATCHING
417 Minimum slump recommended for mass concrete 2 to 5 INCHES
418 The placing of concrete using pneumatic pressure of dry mix concrete or mortars SHOTCRETE
419 A standing position of brick construction having length and height as the exposed surface SOLDIERS
A process employed to reduce the amount of free water present in plastic concrete after the VACUUM
420
concrete has been placed and screen DEWATERING
An electrolytic process in which the aluminum is emmersed in a specific acid solution through
421 ANODIZING
which a direct current is passed between the aluminum and the solution
The substance in the paint which gives continuity and provides adhesion to the surface or
422 VEHICLES
subtrite
423 A more substantial framework progressively built up as tall building rises up STAGING
424 No. 5 designation of a bar 16mm
A water tight structure or chamber within which work is carried on in building foundation or
425 CAISSON
structures below water level
A wood defect that is a small crack running parallel to the grain in wood and across the rings,
426 CHECKS
usually caused by shrinkage during drying
427 Bolts w/c incorporate torque control groove so that the stem breaks under a specified torque TENSION SET BOLTS
428 A soil condition where the soil material is in the natural state before the disturbamnce BANK
The process of increasing the density of a soil by mechanically forcing the soil particles closer
429 COMPACTION
together, thereby expelling the air from the void spaces
430 A special form of cast in place concrete pile in which an enlarged based is formed during driving BULB PILE
431 A beam usually distributed horizontal forces to footings TIE BEAM
A type of glass produced by heating annealed glass almost to the melting point and then chilling
432 TEMPERED GLASS
it rapidly which is 3 to 5 times stronger than ordinary glass
A type of paint that produces a very smooth and glossy surface and sometimes referred to as
433 DUCO
pigmented lacquer
434 A horizontal layer of mortar on which bricks are laid BED JOINT
Walls made up of two masonry wythes separated by an air space 2" (50mm) or more in width
435 CAVITY WALL
and tied together by metal ties
A type of soft formwork with no shoring along its span and is supported instead of trusses frames
436 FLYING FORM
along its span and shoring on both ends
437 Class AA concrete mixture ratio 1: 1 1/2 : 3
438 A column usually reinforced concrete, constructed below the ground surface PIER
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

A defect in lumber which is round edge or bank along an edge at a corner of a piece of lumber,
439 WANE
usually caused by sawing too near the surface
A liquid component of a paint to increase its fluidity, they volatize or evaporated during drying
440 SOLVENTS
and not became part of the film
441 A plate usually wood used to anchor a stair to concrete KICKER PLATE
442 A type of settlement that cause the grade slab to bend upward due to wet soil expansion EXPANSIVE SOIL
443 A special type of paint made with varnish as the vehicle, applied in wood and metal ENAMEL
Whitish powder that forms on the surface of bricks or stone walls due to evaporation of moisture
444 EFFLORESCENCE
or containing salts
445 The most widely used type of building brick which is made of natural sand and clay or shale KILN BURNED BRICKS
446 A vertical joints between brick wythes COLLAR JOINT
A paint defect coat by soft undercoat, forming shallow cracks at closely spaced but irregular
447 CHECKING
interval
448 It is not a vehicle of paint EMULSIFIERS
449 A double unit glass INSULATING GLASS
A pattern consisting of stretcher or running bond six or seven courses with a course of headers
450 COMMON BOND
laid perpendicular to the stretcher course
Additive used to ensure that all particles of cement and water are mixed thoroughly in a
451 DISPERSAL AGENT
concrete setting
Flouropolymers, powder coatings, siliconized acrylics and polyesters are these types of coatings
452 LAMINATED COATING
for aluminium
A process of coating steel products by immersing them in a bath of motten zinc after cleaning
453 ANODIZING
them
Another term used for ASTM A572 high strength low alloy. It is a structural steel which uses a
454 WEATHERING STEEL
natural form of oxidation for protective coating
A rigid frame which is done by welding together its two spanning members, both are connected
455 TWO HINGED FRAME
homogenously to the fastened conventionally to the concrete pedestalvertical column members
Steel plate under the end of a beam used to distribute the end reaction where the beam rests on
456 BEARING PLATE
a masonry or concrete support
Used as a dry sheet to protect wood sheating from dripping asphalt, usually composed of
457 TARRED FELTS
combination of felted papers, shredded wood fibers and asphalt saturated
A type of surfacing in built-up roof where a flood coat of bitumens is applied over the top ply and
458 GRAVEL SURFACING
a layer of aggregate is applied while the flood coat is hot
459 Unitary roofing materials which are similar to shingles except that they are split out SHAKES

PAINT DEFECTS
An incomplete form of peeling where the paint cracks into the large segments, the edges of
1 which breakaway from the Usually due to repeated application of new coats over old coatssurface ALLIGATORING
while the center remains attached.
Discoloration of coating caused by solube color in the underlying surface, may be prevented by
2 BLEEDING
applying an impermeable undercoating
Formation of blisters or pustules in coating, may be due to underlying spots of grease, the sun
3 BLISTERING
during the process of drying
4 Progressive powdering from the surface inward CHALKING
5 Loss of luster, due to insufficient or defective undercoat, improper filling of wood DEADENING
6 Clouding of the laquer film through precipitation of moisture in the film MOISTURE BLUSH
7 Constant temperature and constant low humidity in the finishing will help
8 Rough appearance resembles very closely the peel of the orange, improper surface cleaning ORANGE PEEL
9 Indicate imperfect attachment to the surface; due to dampness, greasy surface and moisture PEELING
As it called, changes in atmospheric conditions during application over sweating or incompletely
10 PINHOLING
dried undercoats, spots of grease or soap
11 Irregularities of surface due to uneven flow of varnish or paint, too much varnish, inc brushing RUNS AND SAGS
Adhesive property of incompletely dried coating, it is caused especially in the refinishing of old
12 TACKINESS
work, over unclean or greasy surface
13 Due to applications of few heavy coats for more thin ones, due to cold weather WRINKLING
14 The loss of color of a paint film through exposure to sunlight and weather FADING

STANDARD WEIGHT OF PLAIN OR DEFORMED ROUND STEEL BARS

1 What is the standard weight of 8mm hot weld deformed bar 0.396 KILO
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

2 What is the standard weight of 10mm hot weld deformed bar 0.616 KILO
3 What is the standard weight of 12mm hot weld deformed bar 0.888 KILO
4 What is the standard weight of 16mm hot weld deformed bar 1.580 KILOS
5 What is the standard weight of 20mm hot weld deformed bar 2.466 KILOS
6 What is the standard weight of 25mm hot weld deformed bar 3.854 KILOS
7 What is the standard weight of 28mm hot weld deformed bar 4.834 KILOS
8 What is the standard weight of 32mm hot weld deformed bar 6.314 KILOS
9 What is the standard weight of 36mm hot weld deformed bar 7.992 KIOS
10 What is the standard weight of 40mm hot weld deformed bar 9.866 KILOS

5 TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT

1 Is used for general concrete construction where the special properties are specified TYPE I
Is for use in general concrete construction exposed to moderate surlfate action or where
2 TYPE II
moderate heat of hydration is required
3 is used where high early strength is required TYPE III
4 is used where low heat of hydration is required TYPE IV
5 is for use when high sulfate resistance is required TYPE V

TYPES OF DOORS
This is workhose of metal windows available in many combination of fixed and operating sash.
PROJECTED
Usually, the lowest light out for maximum comfort will project in and the upper ends projects
Another version of the projected sash, this window provides an integral grill permitting
SECURITY
ventilations but restricting the size of an object that can pass through the window
Operating sash for ease of operation DOUBLE HUNG
It provide flush interior and exterior wall surfaces without the need for counter-balancing
SLIDING
hardware intrinsic in the double hung window
A larger amount of light than ventilation is desired COMBINATION
Vertically proportioned sash that swing outward, somewhat like a door CASEMENT
It offers 100% ventilation combined with a degree of rain protection not attainable with
AWNING
casement sash
An awning window which is reduced in to an operating louver, with a profound effect on
JALOUSIE
appearance and ability to provide weatherstripping
Popular in multi-storey, AC commercial building. They usually rotate90deg up to 180deg PIVOTED

TYPES OF HINGES
A movable joint used to attached, support and turn a door about a pivot HINGE
Two rectangular metal plate which are joined with a pin BUTT HINGE
A hinge containing one or more spring, when the door is open the hinge returns SPRING HINGE
it to the open position automatically
The axle or pin about which a window or door rotates PIVOT HINGE

TYPES OF HINGES ACCORDING TO APPLICATIONS

A hinge designed for attachment on the surface of the door and jamb without mortising FULL SURFACE
Having one leaf mortised into the dge of the door and the other surface mounted on the door
FULL MORTISE
frame
A hinge, one plate of which is mortised in the door leaf, the other being surface mounted on the
HALF MORTISE
jamb leaf
A hinge which is applied to the surface of a door leaf and to a mortise jamb leaf HALF SURFACE

TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS
Structural elements that carry or support the superstructure of the building FOUNDATIONS
SHALLOW
Foundaion w/c transfers load to the earth at the base of column or wall of substructure
FOUNDATION
Transfer the load at a point far below the substructure DEEP FOUNDATIONS

TYPES OF COLUMN FOOTING

A combined footing of prismatic shape, which supports two or more columns in a row CONTINUOUS
MAT / RAFT
Large footing extending a wide area
FOUNDATION
Intended to transmit structural loads through the upper zone of poor soil to a depth where the
PILE FOUNDATION
earth is capable of providing the desired support
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Uses wide flange or I beam; A series of steel beams, bolted together and placed over a footing
GRILLAGE FOOTING
used to distribute a concentrated column over the top of footing
A footing which supports more than one column load COMBINED FOOTING

TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS
A footing which is especially wide, usually of reinforced concrete SPREAD FOOTING
A foundation cut in series of steps in a sloping bearing stratum to prevent sliding when subject to
BENCH FOUNDATION
the bearing load
An arch in which intrados below the springing line use to distribute concentrated loads in
INVERTED ARCH
foundations
CAISSON'S
A watertight structure or chamber within which work is carried on in building
FOUNDATION
foundations or structures below water level
MAT/RAFT
A continuous foundation under a full extent of the structure
FOUNDATION
A footing having a tie beam to another footing to balance a structural load not symmetrically
CANTILIVER FOOTING
located with respect to the footing
A series of steel beam bolted together and placed over a footing used to distribute a
GRILLAGE FOOTING
concentrated column load over the top of the footing
A system of piles, pile caps and straps that transfers the structural load to the bearing stratum
PILE FOUNDATION
into which the piles are driven
MIXING OF CONCRETE
About 10% of the mixing water is placed in the drum before drying materials are added DRUM MIXING
READY MIXED CONCRETE
Concrete is mixed completely in the truck mixer 1 1/2-3 minutes mixing TRANSIT MIXED
Concrete is mixed in a stationary mixer and delivered in the truck agitator CENTRAL MIXED
Concrete is mixed partially in a stationary mixer and mixing is completely in the truck mixer SHRINK MIXED
PLACING OF CONCRETE
Concrete must be placed in position properly compacted within WHAT minutes after adding water,
30 to 60 MINUTES
then cement setting will start
MIXING OF CONCRETE
It shall be continued for at least WHAT minutes, after all the materials are in the drum 1 1/2 MINUTES
CURING OF CONCRETE
Concrete (other than high early strength) shall be maintained above 10 C and in a moist condition
FIRST 7
for at least the WHAT days after placement
High early strength shall be maintained above 10 C and in a moist condition for at least the WHAT
FIRST 3
days
HANDLING OF CONCRETE
General purpose concrete 16 to 20 L of water
Load bearing 4" CHB 28 to 32 L of water
Non load bearing 4" CHB 36 to 40 L of water
Cement mortar 16 to 20L of water
Stacking of cement bags
Maintain a clearance of WHAT feet (minimum) beteween G.I. Roofing and cement bag stack 4 FEET
REBAR LIMITATIONS FOR FOOTINGS
Minimum bar size of footing NO. 5 or 16mm
1 1/3 times the size of
Spacing of rebars is WHAT of times the size of aggregate or 25mm
aggreagates or 25mm

REBAR LIMITATIONS FOR FOOTINGS

Minimum size of column rebar NO. 5 or 16mm
Minimum number of column rebar for square/rectangular coulumns 4 PIECES
Sizes of column ties NO. 2 or NO. 4
BENDING AND BENDING POINTS OF REBAR
Beams and girders which require bent bars from face of the support for END span L/7
Beams and girders which require bent bars from face of the support for INTERIOR span L/5
Angle of inclination of bent bars from the horizontal 45degrees
12TIMES BAR
Column rebars to be embedded to footing should have an anchorage is
DIAMETER or 305mm
Distance of column rebars should be continued uninterrupted above the floor line L/4
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

102mm, 152mm,
If rebars are to be spliced by welding, it should be cut at these distances from each point of cut
254mm
SPLICING OF REBARS
Splices at point of maximum tensile stress (bottom, center bars, at midspan) Or it should be IT SHOULD BE
lapped or welded AVOIDED
SIZES OF LAP SPLICES
24 times bar diameter 276MPa
30 times bar diameter 345MPa
36 times bar diameter 414MPa
BUT NOT LESS THAN 305mm
Both ENDS of BOTTOM bars should be BENT UPWARDS at this ANGLE 15 degrees
Aluminum-Concrete reactions ELECTROLYTIC
THEY SHALL NOT BE LARGER in outside diameter than 1/3 THE OVERALL
THICKNESS OF SLAB, WALL OR BEAM which they are EMBEDDED
TOOLS FOR PLACING CONCRETE
Or "STRIKE OFF" It is the first finishing tool after the concrete is placed and is used to strike off
STRAIGHT EDGE
the concrete surface to proper grade
JITTER BUG after the concrete has been struck off, it can be used to compact concrete in flatwork
HAND TAMPER
construction
A long flat rectangular piece of wood or aluminum from 3" to 4" wide with handle on top, used to
DARBY
float the surface of concrete slab immediately
A tool or machine used to smooth uniformed surfaces of freshly placed concrete BULL FLOAT
A finishing tool used on the edges of fresh concrete or plaster to provide a rounded corner EDGER
JOINTER OR
A metal tool used to cut a joint partly through fresh concrete
GROOVER
THREE COAT PLASTER
First coat SCRATCH COAT
Second coat BROWN COAT
Third coat FINISH COAT
A proportioned mixture of silaceous material and cement which after being prepared in plastic
MORTAR
state with water hardens into a stone-like mass
Refers to a piece of timber of either cylindrical or either geometrical cross section vertically placed
POST
to support a building
A vertical structure used to support a building made of stone, concrete, steel or combination of
COLUMN
the above materials

COLUMN CLASSIFICATION TO TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT

SQUARED TIED
Minimum of 6pcs. of 16mm diam. Reinforcing bar SPIRAL COLUMN
COMPOSITE COLUMN
Spiral column combined with WF steel column
COMBINED COLUMN
A steel column used as a support for girders and beams LALLY COLUMN
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
Such an expansion joint, between two adjacent structures which are not in physical contact ISOLATION JOINT
CONTROL JOINT W/
A grooved which is formed in a masonry structure to regulate the location and
DOWEL
A joint formed by the insertion of the tounge of one member into the corresponding groove of
T&G CONTROL JOINT
another
BUTT-TYPE
Used for floor of 5" thick and greater
CONSTRUCTION
Used of heat to prevent contractions THERMAL EXPANSION
PRE STRESSING OF CONCRETE
PRE-COMPRESSING
Process using hydraulic jacks on fixed abutments
METHOD
SELF CONTAINED
Done by tying jacks based together with wires located at end of a beam
METHOD
Strands are stretch between massive elements BOND FRICTION
Steel is heated by means of electric power; cooling THERMAL PRESSING
VOLUMETRIC
Used of expanding cement restrained by steel strands
EXPANSION
SITE CASTS
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Is used chiefly with two way flat plate structures, almost eliminates formwork by casting the
LIFT SLAB
slabs of the building in a stack on the ground, then using hydraulic jacks to lift the slabs up the
CONSTRUCTION
columns to their final position
Is fabricated in large sections supported on deep metal trusses; the sections are moved from one
FLYING FORMWORK
floor to the next by crane, eliminating much of the labor
Useful for tall wall structures such as elevator shafts; stairwells and storage soils. A ring of
formwork is oulled steadly upward by jacks supported on a vertical reinforcing bars, while workers SLIP FORMING
add concrete
Is a floor slab cast on the ground and reinforced concrete wall panels are poured over it in a TILT-UP
horizontal position, then tilted into positions and grouted together CONSTRUCTION
(Pneumatically placed concrete) is sprayed into placed from a hose by a stream of compressed air
SHOTCRETE
and can be deposited without formwork ven on vertical surfaces
The concrete is formed in thin sections as thin as 2 1/2" or a large shell THIN SHELLS
Concrete or mortar which is pumped through a hose and projected at high velocity on surface SHOTCRETE
PRE-FABRICATED
A construction method relying primarily on the used of standardized manufactured components
STRUCTURE
A method of concrete building construction in which floor and roof slabs are castat ground level
LIFT SLAB
and then raised into sa position by jacking
CLASIFICATION OF PILES
A pile which carries a vertical load BEARING PILE
A pile that transfer its loads to the soil through friction with the earth surrounding it FRICTION PILE
A pile driven at an inclination to the vertical to provide resistance to horizontal forces BATTER PILE
One of a number of piles, interlocked with similar units, to form a barrier to retain soil or to keep
SHEET PILE
water out of foundation
A heavy square timber which is driven vertically downward to guide steel sheet piling; used for the
GUIDE PILE
construction of coffer dams, caissons

FLOOR SYSTEMS
A horizontal beam supporting a floor joist GIRDER
A wood member placed on top of the foundation wall in wood frame construction SILL
Any joist which carries a floor FLOOR JOIST
A short beam, joist or rafter supported by a wall at one end and by the header at the other TAILPIECE
A wood strip nailed to the lower side of a girder to provide a bearing surface for joist LEDGER STRIP
In concealed construction, a material or member which fills or seals the open construction to DRAFTSTOP /
prevent or retard the spread of fire FIRESTOP
A short transverse joist that supports the end of the cut-off joist at stairwell holes HEDGER
A beam joist or rafter supporting one end of a header at the edge of the opening in the floor or
TRIMMER
roof frame

STANDARD HOOKS
180-deg bend plus WHAT db extension but not less than 65mm at free end of bar 4db
90-deg bend plus WHAT db extension, at free end of bar 12db
FOR STIRRUPS AND TIE HOOKS
16mm bar and smaller, 90-deg bend plus WHAT extension at free end of bar 6db
20mm and 25mm bar, 90-deg bend plus WHAT extension at free end of bar 12db
25mm bar and smaller, 135-deg bend plus WHAT extension at free end of bar 6db
MINIMUM BEND DIAMETERS
Inside diameter of bend for stirrups and ties shall be less than WHAT for 16mm bar and smaller 4db

For bar larger than 16mm are the following:

10mm to 25mm 6db
28mm to 32mm 8db
36mm 10db
SPACING LIMITS FOR REINFORCEMENT
Between parallel bars in a layer shall be WHAT db but not less than WHAT distance db; 25mm
Parallel layers two or more reinforcement, distance is not less than WHAT distance 25mm
In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, clear distance between longitudinal
1.5db nor 40mm
bars shall be not less than WHAT db nor WHAT SIZE
In walls and slabs other than joist, primary flexural reinforcement shall space not more than
3x or 450mm
WHAT TIMES the wall or slab thickness OF WHAT distance
MINIMUM SIZE OF FILLET AND PARTIAL PENETRATION WELDS
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

To 6 inclusive 3
Over 6 to 12 4.5
Over 12 to 20 6
Over 20 7.5
Over 40 to 60 9
Over 60 to 150 12
Over 150 16
WELDS
MAXIMUM SIZE OF FILLET WELDS
Along edges of the material 6mm thick, not greater than the thickness of the material 6mm thick
MINUS 1.5mm
or more; not greater than the thickness of the material minus WHAT
LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS
Minimum effective length of a fillet weld; not less than WHAT times the nominal size, or not 4 x ONE FOURTH or
exceed WHAT of its effective length 1/4
The transverse spacing of longitudinal fillet welds used in end connections shall not exceed WHAT 200mm
LAP JOINTS
The minimum amount of lap joint shall be WHAT times the thickness of the thinner part, but not
5x;25mm
less than WHAT
INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDS
The effective length shall not be less than WHAT the weld size, with minimum of WHAT 4x;40mm
END RETURN OF FILLET WELDS
Size of fillet welds terminating at ends or sides; be returned continuously around the corners for
2x
a distance of not less than WHAT times the nominal size of the weld
PLUGS AND SLOT WELDS
Diameter of holes shall not be less than the thickness containing it plus WHAT mm nor greater
8mm or 2 1/4 x
than WHAT times the thickness of the weld metal
The minimum center to center spacing of plug welds shall be WHAT times the diameter of the
4x
hole
The length for the slot shall not exceed WHAT times the thickness of the weld 10x
The width of the slot shall not less than its thickness plus WHAT mm or greater than 8mm or 2 1/4 x
WHAT times the thickness of the weld
Transverse to their length is WHAT times the width of the slot 4x
Center to center spacing in a longitudinal direction shall be WHAT the length of the slot 2x
The thickness of plug or slot welds 16mm or less in thickness shall be WHAT to the to the
EQUAL
thickness of the material
In over 16mm; it should be at least WHAT of the thickness of the material not less than 16mm 1/2 the thickness
ALUMINIZED
BACKING & TAPE
Roof insulation under purlins
G.I. STRAP LINER
G.I. TIE WIRE
ALUMINIZED
Roof insulation over purlins RUBBER CEMENT
(RUGBY)
G.I. WIRE WITH
STOPPER PLAIN
Roof deck Insulation
WHITE TAPE or WIRE
MESH
Damp Proofing / Moisture Barrier ASPHALT
NON FLAMMABLE
ALUMINUM BACKING
Acoustical Installation MECHANICAL CLIP or
EXPANDABLE WIRE
MESH

1999 BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

3/16' x 1/2"
An alternative fastening material that can be used for metal on ceiling joist other than metal
ALUMINUM
screws
BLIND RIVETS
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

A masonry finish using pure cement mixed wit flexible synthetic latex based additive like CEMENT TEXTURED
Plexibond to a tacky to give a remarkable finishconsistency then applied by an applicator roller FINISH
A paint defect that occurs on inferior brands where the paints contains soluble pigments thus
WRINKLING
softens and dissolves by water or by chemical after sufficient drying
What is the standard weight of a 25mm diameter hot rolled weldable deformed or plain steel bar
3.853 KILOS
per meter length
A recommended method of joint by steel deck manufacturers SEAM LOCK
It does not comprise in the tie rod system of a steel deck scaffold SWIVEL PIPE CLAMP
A paint defect by discoloration of coat caused by soluble color in the underlying surface BLEEDING
#16 EXPANDED
Glass block reinforcement in a spaced of 7/16" gap to accept it and the binder
METAL LATH
MODULAR
System of measurement when utilising modular systems of construction and technology
COORDINATION
MAIN/CROSS TEE AND
A wood ceiling joist substitute for drop ceiling usually made of aluminium or pre-painted GI used WALL
to hang lightweight boards such as fiber glass boards ANGLE SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
Used to install brick plaqueta on to a scratch coat of a masonry wall in an evenly distributed 3/4" THK CEMENT
manner GROUT
What is the standard weight of a 16mm diameter hot rolled weldable deformed or plain steel bar
1.578 KILOS
per meter length
What is not a brand of ceramic tiles PIEDRA TILES
3/4" LAYER OF
A ceramic tile is installed into a masonry wall over rough plaster by a uniform
CEMENT MORTAR
PRESTRESS CONCRETE
Floor system by Jackbuilt
T-BEAM FLOOR
SYSTEM
In lockset, this is the safest door lock recommended for main entry doors MORTISE LOCKSET
Wood end joint requiring tensile strength SCARF
Natural coating which brings the natural beauty of wood OIL WOOD STAIN
1/5 SIDE FORMS
Coarse aggregates standard sizes 1/3 DEPTH SLABS
3/4 CLEAR SPACING
Mortise and tenon wood construction joint where tounge and grooves meet halfway making the
BLIND AND STUB
connection clean of joint traces
An accessory of tie rod scaffold system FORM CLAMP
UNIFORM 10mm THK
Installation of Piedra tiles over mortar bed
CEMENT PLASTER
A door type used between a dining and kitchen to allow a server to see through VISION DOOR
Vertical location of a ground surface often used as a reference point with respect to the vertical
BENCHMARK
height
SCREW WITH
Method of fastening jamb to concrete or masonry
EXPANSION
Not a wood parquet geometric design HEPTAGON
A highly trained labor used to prepare rough to finish plastering, lay concrete hollow blocks, install
FINISHING MASON
tiles and pebble washout
A kind of masonry finish which utilise a chamfer wood block out, usually 1"x1" distance at 2" o.c. CURDOROY or TOOL
which serves a s form when removes gives design line texture is added by chisel FINISH
A system of mass production and industrilisation by prefabrication of furniture and cabinets MODULAR SYSTEM
A type of glass use in constructing vision door which must be shutter proof to be accident free LAMINATED
A construction technique in color reproduction applying the Munsell color principle-SECONDARY
HUE SCALE
COLOR LIKE ORANGE TURN TO BE YELLOW
A type of wood end joint where both wood are cut at equal angles diagonally PLAIN MITER
Steel window section for muntins Z-BAR
SHIMS, BEARING
PLATE,
Basic parts of stressing anchor
STRESSING WASHER,
BOTTOM PLATE
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

A hardener mixture mixed with marble dust to fill up the gap of marble slabs during installation of
POLYMER
floor or wall finishes
A bi-product of wood where waste wood boards are compressed finish on both sides with a thin
PLYBOARD
layer of wood, glued together
CROSS BRACE MUST
What is wrong with the installation of steel scaffold BE INSTALL IN
OPPOSITE DIRECTION
75mm WIDE
PRESSURE SENSITIVE
In air condittioning duct, what type of strap is used to insure that there is no air gap is left ALUMINIZED DUCT
TAPE STRAP AT
600mm O.C.
WOOD LATHE
Woodwork equipment to form the different wood mouldings for balusters and newel posts
MACHINE or TORNO

Method recommended by manufacturers to join the steel deck and the rebars
Steel deck that can be used for two slab CONDECK
ALUMINUM PIPES &
CONDUITS AT R.C.
SHALL BE SECURED
It precludes good construction practice for pipes and conduits embedded in concrete NOT BY TIE WIRES
BUT MUST BE
EFFECTIVELLY
COVERED
A construction technique in color reproduction applying the Munsell color principle-HAS A DEGREE
CHROMA SCALE
OF ITS COLORFULNESS or INTENSITY
A type of handless lockset key operated to give double security DEAD BOLT LOCK
A chemical agent apply on marble floor to make it shinny
INSTALL
POLYETHELYNE FOAM
W/ ALUM. FOIL
BARRIER ADHERE BY
A type of insulation recommended in air conditioning duct warp
INDUSTRIAL
ADHESIVE TO
GALVANIZED AIR
DUCT
REVERSE THE
To secure the steel purlins properly to the steel cleat considering the axial, torsion and shear
LOCATION OF THE "Z"
stresses present at the joint
PURLINS
Minimum concrete cover for 20mm and larger for shell and folded plate members for cast in place 20 mm
SPACE TO INSTALL
The purpose of inverted channel shape at bottom edge of metal door CONCEAL DOOR
CLOSER
Structural member in steel truss framing to counter act compression in roof PURLIN SAG RODS

1998 BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

A concrete flooring and finish which transform ordinary plain concrete into an elegant decorative STUCCO FLOORING
surface FINISH
Concrete hollow block laying ASINTADA
CARPETS
Is made of inserting face yarns or tufts through premanufactured backing by used of needles TUFTED
Simplest type of all carpet weaves. Pile is form as loom loops over wires inserted across loom. Pile
VELVET
height is determined by height of wire inserted
The loom is highly specialized and nearly as versatile as hand weaving. Color combinations and
AXMINSTER
designs are limited only by the number of tufts in the carpet
The loom operates like a velvet loom, except that it has a Jacquard mechanism with up to six
WILTON
color frames
This process produces complete carpet by imbedding pile yarns and adhering backing to a viscous
FUSHION
vinyl face that hardens after the curing
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

The process resembles weaving in that the face and back are made simultaneously. Backing and
KNITTED
pile yarns are looped togeher with a stitching yarns with three sets of needles
A pretreatment of poured concrete such as wall, beams and column where a thin layer of cement
grout mixed with flexible base additives is splattered by tampico brush or masonry spoon on to SCRATCH COAT
the
Local species of wood used for studding, cabinet and flush door framing TANGUILE
A special coating system with a high gloss shine while maintaining the natural wood qualities, POLYURETHANE
maintenance free to finish and topcoat wood flooring FLOOR COATING
A common and cheap masonry finish wherein dry consistency of mortar mix is spray by
SANDBLASTING
mechanical or pneumatic means. It is left to dry to give rustic finish
Terrazo floor described by its physical appearance, the stone or pebble is intentionally exposed
RUSTIC TERRAZO
while the cement matrix is depressed
A type of window where the sash rotates 90 degrees to 180 degrees about the header or the sill
PIVOTED
or sides of the jamb
A door hinge at the left and the door leaf swings inside the room to the left LEFT HAND
A water mixed product, mixed to a ratio of 1:20 to stabilize lime activity in new masonry surface. MASONRY
Without this mixture will cause the subsequent painting to be defective NEUTRALIZER
Indicates imperfect adhesion of the film to the surface, with the film getting strip off in relatively
PEELING
large pieces due to application on damp or greasy surface

TERMS TO REMEMBERS
A threaded rod instead of masonry construction for anchoring the sill plate to the foundation ANCHOR BOLT
The finish board immediately below a window sill. Also the part of the driveway that leads directly
APRON
into the garage
A series of arches supported by a row of columns ARCADE
A curved structure that will support itself by mutual pressure and the weight above its curved
ARCH
opening
A recessed area below grade around foundation to allow light and ventilation into a basement
AREAWAY
window or doorway
A facing of squared stones ASHLAR
A concrete flooring and finish which transform ordinary plain concrete into an elegant and
decorative textured surface. plastic to create the look and finish of stone, slate or brick.This is by
IMPRESSO CRETE
adding dust- on-color pigments to the concrete to give a fast color and imprinted with a patented
pattern and texture while the concrete is still
An installation method where the cabinet covers is recessed and flushed with the cabinet sidings INSET or INTERIOR
A type of wood end joint where both woods are cut at equal angles diagonally SCARF

TYPES OF TERRAZO
A type of terrazo floor described by its physical appearance whereby the stone or pebble is
RUSTIC TERRAZO
intenionally exposed while the cement matrix is depressed
The most common type; relatively small chip sizes STANDARD TERRAZO
Larger chips with smaller chip filling the spaces between VENETIAN TERRAZO
Random fractured slab of marble up to approximately 15" greatest dimension 3/8 to 1" thk with PALLADIANA
smaller chips filling the space TERRAZO
A type of window where the ventilating sash rotates 90deg to 180deg about the header and sill or
PIVOTED
about the side jambs
KEEP THE CEMENT
To prevent plaster from improper adhesion, the substrate must be rough end and the cement
PLASTER AS THIN AS
plaster should be..
POSSIBLE
It is not a brand of house paint ICI DULUX
Type of joint used to install in the glass of a French window RABBET
An equipment uniformly distribute tile adhesive at the underside of the ceramic tile during
EDGE STRIP TROWEL
installation
A type of shutter proof opaque glass used to construct a door with glass to allow the natural light
SMOKED GLASS
only
Is the act of excavating or filling an earth or any sound material or combination thereof in
GRADING
preparation for a finishing surface such as pavings
A floor finish commercially size 1"x1"x12" utilizing clay and fired in traditional manner making
VIGAN TILES
interesting and attractive rustic clay shade patterns
 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Standard distance measure from the center of the drain hole of a water closet to a finish wall 305 mm
A beam that supports smaller beams in floor system GIRDER BEAM
A horizontal piece of wood, stone, steel or concrete across the top of door or window opening to
LINTEL BEAM
bear the weight of the walls above the opening
Pre-construction of components as part of the whole PRE FABRICATION
Wood defects are heart shakes, cup shakes, star shakes KNOTS
Lumber that is not squared or finished UNDRESSED LUMBER
XYLADECOR
CUPRINOL
WOOD PRESERVATIVE BRAND NAMES SOLIGNUM
ALDRITE
MAPECON

SINGLE DOOR
hinges on left; open inward LEFT HAND
hinges on right; open inward RIGHT HAND
hinges on left; open outward LEFT HAND REVERSE
hinges on right; open outward RIGHT HAND REVERSE
STRETCHER
HEADER
SOLDIER
VARIED BRICKS POSITIONS
ROWLOCK
SHINER
SAILOR
RABBET
DADO
RABBET AND DADO RABBET & DADO
STOPPED DADO
DOVETAIL DADO
THROUGH SINGLE
THROUGH MULTIPLE
STOPPED LAP
DOVETAIL
HALF LAP
LAP
BLIND MITER
FULL OR THROUGH
BLIND AND STUB
SHIP OR OPEN
HALF BLIND
MORTISE AND TENON HAUNCH
HAUNCH BLIND
KEYED
PINNED BLIND
WEDGE
MIDDLE LAP
CROSS LAP
LAP JOINT
END LAP
MITER HALF LAP
SQUARED SPLICE
HALF LAP
FINGER
END JOINTS
LAP
SPLICE
SCARF
BUTT
SHIPLAP
FILLET
TOUNGE AND GROOVE
BUTTERFLY
EDGE JOINT
DOWEL
BATTEN
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
EDGE JOINT

BACK BATTEN
SPLINE
BUTTERFLY SPLINE
CONSTRUCTION TERMS
filipino english
POSTE HALIGE
GUILILAN GIRDER
SULERAS JOIST
SAHIG, SUELO FLOORING
SEPO GIRT
BIGA BEAM
BARAKILAN BOTTOM CHORD
REOSTRA PURLIN
SENEPA FASCIA BOARD
KOSTILYAHE CEILING JOIST
TABIKE SIDING (EXTERNAL)
PILARETE STUD (VERTICAL)
PABALAGBAG STUD (HORIZONTAL)
PASAMANO WINDOW SILL
SUMBRERO WINDOW HEAD
WINDOW JAMB / DOOR
HAMBA
JAMB
SINTURON COLLAR PLATE
HARDINERA STRINGER (OPEN)
MADRE (de escalera) STRINGER (CLOSED)
BAYTANG TREAD
TAKIP (SILIPAN) RISER
GABAY HANDRAIL
MULDURA MOULDING
SIBE EAVE
BOLADA PROJECTION
BALANGKAS FRAME WORK
KANAL GUTTER
ALULOD CONDUCTOR
PLANCHUELA W. I. STRAP
PIERNO BOLT
PLANCHA SCAFFOLDING
ESTAKA STAKE
KUSTURADA PLASTERED COURSE
PALITADA STUCCO OR PLASTER
REBOCADA SCRATCH COAT
PIKETA PICKWORK (on masonry)
MONYEKA VARNISH FINISH
BIENTO SPACING OF GAP
LARGA MASA CONCRETE SLAB (rough)
ASINTADA ALIGNMENT
HULOG PLUMB LINE
BALDOSA CEMENT TILE
LADRILYO CEMENT BRICK
BATIDORA DOOR FILLET
KANAL GROOVE
HASPE GOOD GRAIN
PLANTILYA PATTERN / SCHEDULE
BISAGRA HINGE
DE BANDEHA PANELED DOOR
ESCOMBRO EARTHFILL
LASTILYAS MASONRY FILL
LIYABE ADOBE ANCHOR
HINANG SOLDER
ESTANYO NICOLITE BAR
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

SUBAN, SUBUHAL TEMPER (metal work)

PIE DE GALLO DIAGONAL BRACE
PUNSOL NAIL SETTER
POLEYA WIRING KNOB
ESPOLON CABINET HINGE