Communication Models

Communication Models
The three models of communication discussed here- Transmission Model, Interaction Model,
and Transaction Model- is based on the book Communication In The Real World: An
Introduction To Communication Studies published by University of Minnesota Libraries
Publishing (2016) and licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution=NonCommercial=ShareALike 4.0 International License.
Transmission ⮚ Consider communication as a one-directional exchange in which the message is

Model purposely conveyed by a speaker to a listener. (Ellis & McClintock, 1990).
⮚ Center on the sender and the information present in a communication
environment.
⮚ Despite the inclusion of the receiver in this communication model, this function
is regarded merely as a target or destination and not a part of a continuous
exchange of meanings.
⮚ Communication is considered simply as source and destination of messages.
Interaction ⮚ Describes communication as a process in which communicators change roles as

Model sender and receiver and produce meaning by exchanging messages within their
own environment and experiences (Schramm, 1997)..
⮚ Rather than illustrating communication as a linear, unidirectional method, the
interaction model incorporates feedback that makes communication significantly
collaborative, two-way method.
⮚ Feedback is conveyed as a response to received messages.
⮚ Communicators can be described as producing exchanges of meanings within
physical and behavioural settings.
Transaction ⮚ Explains communication as a way of creating realities based on our social,
Model relational, and cultural backgrounds.
⮚ Shows that communication is not a mere exchange of experiences, instead, it
shows that we intend to build relationships, create intercultural understanding,
form our self-identity, and interact with others to engender societies.
⮚ Aims towards creating experiences instead of merely talking about it.
⮚ Considers communication as an amalgam of our constant engagements with other
people to not only construct experiences but modify them as well.
Social Context ⮚ Described as the declared rules or undeclared norms that guide communication
Relational ⮚ Involves erstwhile socializations and types of associations that have been forged
Context with other people.
Cultural context ⮚ Consists of an individual’s self- concept and self-perception in relation to
nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, gender, and sexual orientation.
COMMUNICATION MODELS
1. ARISTOTLE’S COMMUNICATION MODEL- Aristotle emphasized that there are three
variables to the communication process:
In this model, Aristotle emphasized that the speaker has the most important role in
rhetoric. Without the speaker, message cannot be delivered. Aristotle further explained that
the speaker has to adjust his speech according to their audience demographics such as age,
gender, background, culture, race, religion, social and economic status, and political orientation
or inclination, among others.
2. LASWELL’S COMMUNICATION MODEL- Harold Dwight Laswell described communication as

focused on the following:
Laswell’s communication model has 5 components which is used as an analysis tool for
evaluating the communication process and components. The components are the questions to
be asked to get the answers and keep communication going.
3. SHANNON-WEAVER’S COMMUNICATION MODEL- Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren

Weaver’s
Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949) made the model for Bell Laboratories
(an American Telephone Company). This model is for technical communication which
involves transmitter and reception. Telephone call is the best example of this model of
communication.
4. BERLO’S COMMUNICATION MODEL- David Berlo’s model, conceptualized in 1960, is
probably the most well-known among the communication models. Berlo’s model was
called SMCR which stands for sender of the message, sent through a channel or medium
to a receiver. However, it was modified later on to include noise, hence the acronym
SMCRN.

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Communication Models

Transmission ⮚ Consider communication as a one-directional exchange in which the message is

Interaction ⮚ Describes communication as a process in which communicators change roles as

2. LASWELL’S COMMUNICATION MODEL- Harold Dwight Laswell described communication as

3. SHANNON-WEAVER’S COMMUNICATION MODEL- Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren

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