Tribhuvan University

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Bachelor of Arts in Sociology

Courses of Study 2019

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Central Department of Sociology

Tribhuvan University
Kirtipur
Phone No. : 014331852

2019

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 Bachelor of Arts in Sociology
The course Sociology offers altogether 8 papers including a elective paper in third year. Out
of them there are seven compulsory papers for sociology group; two in each first year, second
year and fourth year and one elective in third year. The stude,nt I.lay opt for one optional
courses in the thii.d year outside from any other social scierices.

Objectives
The objective of these courses is to impart up-to-date knowledge on introduction to sociology
with basic ideas on sociological theories, methods aiid relevant empirical studies including
primary training in field-work and secondary data analysis throughout the courses of study
from the ll.rst year to the fourth year. It also provides skill with analytical capability
understanding different aspects and dynamics of Nepalese of society. The second objective is
to provide semi-skilled human resource for Nepal's development needs. Tlie third objective is
to ijiculcate in the students the spirit of human rights and social justice. Thus the overall
objective is to develop professional skill, in both theory and I.eseai.ch, ill sociology in the
students of this discipline at a par with those of other countries.
Admission Criteria
A student holding a proficiency certificate level or 10+2 degree or its equivalent degree in
any of the following subjects recognized by Tribhuvan University is considered eligible to
apply for admission.
• Sociology; Anthropology; Social Work; Nepaiese History, Culture and Archaeology;
Psychology; history; Home Science; Geography; Economics; and Political Science.
• Any discipline from faculty of education, management and law
• Any discipline from institute of medicine, engineering, forestry, agriculture, animal
science, and science and technology
An applicant seeking admission to B.A. Sociology must meet the criteria set up by the Office
of the Dean, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University. The applicant
who fails to meet the set criteria or does not hold a minimum qualifying degree will not be
given admission. Admission of the students will be based strictly on the rules and regulations
and on the eurollmeiit capacity of the Department of Sociology in any campus.
Duration of the Course and Examinations
The duration of the course is of four years with four academic sessions. There is an university
exainination, in each year, at the end of each year. The student should meet the criteria set by
the Dean's Office, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tribhuvan University and
also by Campus to appear in the fmal exani ation.

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 Overall Distribution of Subjects for th].ee Academic Years

Subject Code, Title, and Full Marks

First Year
Paper Code No. Subject Full MarksI Remarks

1 So421 Introduction to Sociology 100 Compulsory

2 So422 Dynamics of Nepali Society 100 Compulsory I

Second Year*

Paper Code No. Subject Full Marks lRemarks I

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3 So423 Sociological Theories Compulsory

4 So424 Research Methods in Sociology 100 Compulsory

Third Year*
Paper Code No. Subject Full Marks Remarks
15 So425 Sociology of Democracy, Diversity 100 Compulsory
and Inequality

6 So410 Program Designing and Evaluation 100 Elective

Fourth Year*

7 So427 Sociology of Development 100 Compulsory

8 So428 Academic Research and Writing 100 Compulsory

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 First Year
So421: Introduction to Basic Sociology

Full Marks: 100 (70+30)

Teaching hours: 150

Course Description. This course is an introductory part of three years courses of study of
Bahchelor's of Arts in Sociology. It introduces with basic concepts in Sociology focusing on
theory, perspective and method. It also highlights on society and sociology; key contributions
in classical sociology; doing research sociologically; class, sti.atification and inequality;
micro and macro soc,ial institutions; and understanding social change.

Objectives. The main objective of this course is to enable students to comprehend wit.h basic
concepts in Sociology including social institutions; family, marriage, economy, education,
social stratification and social inequality; and social change. It also aims to develop analytical
skill with students engaging them in fieldwork and report writing.

1. Understanding society and sociology (15 hrs)

a) The building blocks of society
• Social interaction
• Social structure (interactions, instj.tutions, societies)
® Social interaction in everyday life
b) Understanding society sociologically
• Social structural approach (Norbert Elias)
• Sociological imagination (C. Wright Mills)
• The sociology of knowledge (Berger and Luckman)
• Comparative historical approach (Charles Tilly. Michael Mann)
c) Contemporary transformations in Nepali society

Reciuired readings:
Smelser, Neil J. (1993) Sociology, 4th edition, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India (Chapter 5:
Social interaction, pp. 39-53; 75-98).

Berger, P. L., and T. Luckman (1991). The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in
Sociology of Knowledge, New York: Irvington Publishers (The social interaction in
everyday life, pp.13-30; 4348)

Elias, Norbert (1994) The Civilizing Process, the first English ed., Oxford: Blackwell (Annex
1, pp.181-187).

Mills, C.Wright. The Sociological Imagination, London: Oxford University Press (The
promise, pp. 3-13).
Comparative-Historical Sociology. Encyclopedia of Sociology. Encyclopedia.com.12
August, 2019 < https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-

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 2. Key contributions in Classical Sociology (15 hrs)
a) Conributions of classical sociologists
• Auguste Comte
• Karl Marx
• Emile Durkheim
• Max Weber
b) Sociology in Nepal: institutional, academic and research history

Required readings:
Coser, L. A. (1977). Masters of sociological thought: Ideas in historical and social
context (2nd ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich top. 3-13; 43-57; 129-143;
217-234).

Subedi, Madhusudan and Devendra Uprety (2014) The State of Sociology and Anthropology:
Teaching and Research in Nepal, Kathmandu: Martin Chautari (Institutional History of
Sociology and Anthropology, pp. 3-7).

Luintel, Youba Raj (2019) Why Sociology and Anthropology Department at Tribhuvan
University had to split? an inside story of political-academic muddling, paper presented
at the lnternational Conference on Sociology of Nepal, 3-5 August 2019, Lalitpur,
Nepal Sociological Associatioii.

3. Science aiid sociology (10 hrs)

a) Is sociology a science?
b) Research philosophy: positivism and intcxpretivism
c) The method and process of social research
d) Understanding cause and effect
e) Doing fieldwork and collecting data

Required readings:
Giddeus, Anthony (2001) Sociology, 4th ed., Canbridge: Polity Press (Sociological research
method, pp. 638-657).

Ryan, Gemma (2018). Introduction to positivism, intexpretivism and critical theory. Nurse
Researcher, 25(4) pp. 4149 (available at: Open Research Online,
http://oro.open.ac.uk/49591/17/495910RO.Ddf).

Bryman, A. (2012) Social Research Methods, 5th ed., Oxford: OUP (Chapter 1, Nature and
process of social research, pp. 3-14).
\Giddens, Anthony (2001) Sociology, 4th ed., Cambridge: Polity Press (Sociological research
method, pp. 638-657).

Giddens, Anthony (2001) Sociology, 4th ed., Cambridge: Polity Press (Sociological research
method, pp. 638-657).

4. Social stratification and Inequality (15 hrs)

Theories of class and stratificati ist, Weberian and E. 0. Wright's.theories)
Measuring class and class divisj

9e#'der inequalities

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 d) Class and social mobility
e) Aspects of class and caste hierarchies in Nepali society

Effluire_dreadings:
Giddens, Anthony (2001 ) Sociology, 4th ed., Cambi.idge: Polity Press (Class, stratification
and inequality, pp. 283-303).

Smelser, Neil J. (1993) Sociology, 4th edition, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India (Class and
social mobility, pp.173-179).

Luintel, Youba Raj (20] 8) Caste and Society: Changing Dynamics of Inter-Caste Relations in
Nepal, Kathmandu: Academic Book Center (Disposition of contemporary caste
hierarchy, pp. 69-99).

Luintel, Youba Raj (2018) The Expanding and Consolidating Middle Class in Post-1990
Nepal: A Framework of Analysis, a conference pal)er presented in the 7th Annual
Kathmandu Conference on Nepal and the Himalaya, 25-27 July 2018, Social Science
Baha.

Gautam, Tika Ram (20] 7). Ethnicity, Access to Education and Inequality in Nepal.
Contemporary Social Sciences. 26 (1)..17-48.

5. Micro social Institutions (15 hrs)

1. Structui.es and functions of basic social institutions

• Marriage
• Family
2. Variations in family: single parents, cohabitation, same-sex couples, staying single,
divorce and remarriage, intimate violence
3. Globalization and family life

Reci uired readjngfr

Ember, C. R and Melvin Ember (1993) Anthropology, 6th edition, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall
of India, (Marriage, pp. 326-343).
Haralambos, Michael ( 1980) Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, Delhi: Oxford University
Press (The family, pp. 325-355).

Tj[ttle,V\J . (2014) Introduction to Sociology -1 st Canadian Edition. Vietor.+a,B.C...

BCcanpus. Available at https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/, top. 446-451,
455-460).

Mills, Melinda (2014) "Globalisation and family life," in Angela Abela and Janet Walker
(eds.) Contemporary Issues in Family Studies: Global Perspectives on Partnerships,
P2a4rge.n2t:#=andsupp°rtinachangiife Wror/c7, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, pp.
249-259. I-fr.,t`#

6. Macro social Institutions :j'..dy.»& i.#

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a) Economic institutions
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 • Transformation of work
b) Political institutions
• Power and politics (Functionalist and Marxist perspectives)
• The elitetheory
• Pluralism
• Voting behaviour
® The democratic idea
c) Educational institutions
• Education (functionalist, liberal and Marxian perspectives)
• Class and educatiorial attainment
• Education, opportunity and inequality

Requ_i_re±|eadingii
Giddeils, Anthony (2001) Sociology, 4t!' ed., Cambridge: Polity Press (Work and economic
life, pp. 372-387).

I-Iaralambos, Michael (1980) Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, Delhi: Oxford University
Press (Power and politics, pp. 98-139; 172-225).

Ijtttle, V\J . (2014) Introduction to Sociology - 1 st Canadian Edition. V.ic;toria,, B.C...

BCcampus. Available at https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/, (pp.141 -160).

7. Understading social change (15 hrs)

1. Change, developmeiit and progress

2. Theories of social change
3. Factors in social change
4. Types of social change
5. Social change in developing countries
6. Globalization, social change and Nepal

Required readings:
Bottomore, T. 8. (1975) Sociology: A Guide to Problems and Literature, New Delhi: Blackie
& Son (India) Ltd. (Types of social change, pp. 308-310; 283-291 ; 303-308).

Smelser, Neil J. (1993) Sociology, 4th edition, New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India (Theories of
social change, pp. 390-398)

Fisher, Janes F. (2011) Globalisation in Nepal: Theory and Practice, The Mahesh Chandra
Regmi Lecture 2011, Kathmandu: Social Science Baha, pp. 4-20. (Available at:
httDs://soscbcha.ordrdownloads/mcrl2011.ndf).

8. Practicum: Project work and Report writing (50 hrs)

As a part of practicum the following project works should be assigned to the students after
the completion of each unit:
a) Projegt Work and Report Writi andscape of sociological research in Nepal

b)Pro:e%^:`y:a+::;',:ul::
prk and Report ;-',Clas`s and #ste divisions in contemporary Nepal
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 c) Project Work and Report Writing: The changing landscape of marriage, family,
households and kinship and relatives in Nepali society
d) Project Work and Repoll Writing: The changing landscapes of economy, politics and
education iri T\Tepal (before 1990s, after 1990s and post-2015)

e) Project Work and Report Writing: Historical overview of social change in Nepal
(before 1990s, after 1990s and post-2015)

Students are divided into groups and will be assigned doing project work and writing report,
as project work, under the guidance of assigned faculty member(s). Such a project work will
be based either on fleldwork oi. online/archival search. Each group will submit a report in a
format of a proper academic writing within specificed time. Each group of students will
present their research findings in the viva-voce organized by the department/campus, This
viva-voce together with the reports submitted by the student will be the basis of final
evaluation of 30 marks allocated to practicum.

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 So422: Dynamics of Nepali Society
(Theory and Practical)

Full Marks: 100 (70+30)

Teaching hours: 150
Course Description:
This course aims to familiarize the students by engaging them with the transformations that
Nepali society is undergoing in caste/ethnicity, economy, education, health, regionalism,
politics, and social demography.

Objectives:
The main objective of this course is to familiarize the students with some of the fundamental
features of Nepali society; social deinography, economy, politics from a Sociological
perspectiv-e, thereby erihancing their capacity to engage intensively with discussion/debates
of coiitemporary issues in Nepali society. It also aims to develop the students' research and
writing skills by engaging them in practical aspects focusing on the core issues of Nepali
society from the sociological perspectives.

Unit I: Dynamics of Contemporary Nepali Society (20hrs)

1. Identity and ethnicity: concept and debate
2. Inclusion and exclusion: concept and debate
3. Nationalism: conceptual debate and practice
4. Federalism: concept, models, application
5. Secularism: conceptual debate and practice

Required Readings:
Mishra, Chaitanya. 2010. Nepali Samajako Rupantaran (Adhyaya 1 ). In Bcrc7/z.#c7o Ivepc}/z.
Sc777ccz/. edited by RajendraMaharj an. Kathmandu: Fine Print.
Gautam, Tika Ran. 2012. "Dynamics and Dilemma in Nation-Building: Issues of Inclusion
•[rLPubho Sphere .[rLTtlapal:. . Proceedings Of the 4th Next-Generation Global Workshop,

IVove7%6er 24-2.5, 20//:410-429. Japan: Kyoto University.

Oomen, TK. 2012. "Ethno-nationalism and Building National States in South Asia: Towards
Federalization". Pp. 6-16 in I/¢#z.cz.fy cz#c7 Fec7ercz/z.zcz/z.o72 z.7z Ivepc7/, edited by Chaitanya
Mishra and Om Gurung. Kathmandu: Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology.
M:rshla,, Chai+arrya,. 2012. CCNepalma Jatiya Ubhar ra Sanghiyakaranko Sandarbha" (CEth]nic
Upsurge in Nepal: Implications for Federalization" translated into Nepali by Tika Ram
Gau[am). Pp. 41-71 in Bz.cfec7r j3z.s¢es¢, edited by Dilliram Subedi and Coordinated by
Gagan Thapa. Kathmandu: Public Policy Pathshala.
Pandey, Tulsi Ram. 2012. "Quest of the Federal State: Understanding Issues of Social
Diversity and Difference". Pp. 251-275 in I/¢;?z.cz.fy cz#d Fec7erc7/z.zc}/z.o# J.7? Ivez?cz/, edited
by Chaitanya Mishra and Om Gurung. Kathmandu: Central Department of
Sociology/Anthropology.
Gellner, David N. 2008. "Ethnicity and Nationalism in the World's only Hindu State". Pp. 3-
32 in IVc7/z.o7?c}/J.s'm cz72c7 E/fo#z.cz.fy z.# Ire;cz/, edited by David N. Gellner, Joanna Pfaff-
Czamecka and John Whelpton. Reprinted and Published in Nepal. Kathmandu: Vajra
Book shop. ,<
Gurung, Harka..2_008."State and Sdciet Pp. 495-532 .[rL Nationalism and Ethnicity
z.77 Ivepcz/, edited by David N. Gi Czamecka and John Whelpton.
Reprinted and Published in Nepal. K ok Shop.

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Luintel, Youba Raj and Madhusudan Subedi. 2014. Cfecz72gz.ng Dy#c7mz`cs a//#/ercc7s/e
j}e/cz/z.o7?s z.7? Ivepcz/. A Research Report Submitted to University Commissions, Sanothimi
Bhaktapur.
Sharma, Sudhindra. 2004. Hindu Adhirajya ra Dharma Nirepechhyata. In Nepalko
Sandarvama Samajshastriya Chintan, Mary Deschene and Pratyoush Onta, Eds, pp. 475-
521. Kathlnandu: Sc`cial Science Baha.

Unit 11: Economy and Society' (25 hrs)

1. Socio-economic history ofNepali society
2. The land tenure and taxation system in a histoi.ical perspective
3. The Growth of Development planning ill Nepal
4. Modes of production and social structure
5. Foreign labor migration. remittance arid impact on national economy

Required Readings:
Regmi, Mahesh Chandra. 1999. 4 S/a;dy I.# jvapcz/z. Eco#ormz.c f7z.s/ory. Second Reprint.
Chapters ??? Delhi: Adroit Publishers.
Regmi, Mahesli Chandra.1999. £cy72c7ot4'#ers¢zZ7 z.7z Ivej7cz/. First Indian Reprint. Chapter 1 & 2,
pp.1-21. Delhi: Adroit Publishers.
Fisher, James F. 2011. G/o6cI/z.zcz/7.o# z.# Ivepcz/.. 7177eory c7#c7 Prczczz.ce. The Mahesh Chandra
Regmi Lecture 2011. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
Mishra, Chaitanya. 2014. "Ivepc%o Bczri'-cznec}7? z4rffez.4'zlztcrs/focJ:z4#/czrz)c7/cz". Pp. 190-196. In
P#7€/.z.5oc/-rcz Ivapcz/. Reprint. Chapter 2. Kathmandu: Fine Print.
Adhikari, Jagannath. 2004. Garibi ra Garibi Mapan Sambandhi Kehi Saidhantik Vishleshan.
In Nepalma Garibiko Bahas. Bhaskar Gautam, Jagannath Adhikari and Puma Basnet,
eds., pp. 25-48. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
Adhikari, Jagannath. 2004. Nepalma Garibiko Sthiti: Eitihasik Vivechana. In Nepalma
Garibiko Bahas. Bhaskar Gautam, Jagannath Adhikari and Puma Basnet, eds., pp. 49-67.
Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
Bandita Sijapati and Amrita Limbu. Gove7.#z.ng fczbor j\4lz.grc7/z.o# z.# Ivepcz/.. j4# j472c7/ysz.J o/
Exz.s/z.72g Po/I.cz.ef cy#c7 J73s'/z./24/z.o#cj/ A4ecfecz727.Ls777s (Chapter 1 ), pp.1 -24. Kathmandu: Himal
Books.
Seddon, David, Ganesh Gurung, and JagannathAdhikari. 1998. "Foreign Labour Migration
and the Remittance Economy of Nepal". f7z.77qcr/cz)/cz, /fee Jo#r7?cz/ o/ /foe 4ssocz.cr/z.o72 /or
Nepal and Himalayan Studies.. V Of . 18.. No . 2„

Unit Ill: Education, Health and society (15hrs)

1. Historical development of education in Nepal
2. Education, nationalism and social Change
3. Health and health systems in Nepal

Required Readings:
Bhatta, Pramod. 2009. "Sixty Years of Educational Development in Nepal". Pp. 1-18 in
Education in Nepal: Problems, Reforms and Social Cfec7#ge, edited by Pramod Bhatta.
Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
Parajuli, Lokranjan,~r 2012. From Controllin Crafting Minds: Experiments in
Education in Late Rana Nepal. Studies in Ne cz.edy 17(2): 297-331
Gautam, Tika Ram (2017). Ethnicity, Acce
a, s6c`ia| sciences,
and Inequality tin LNepal.
Contempo 26(1 `,'r`J`\

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Gautam, Tika Ram (2017). Ethnicity, Nutrition Status and Inequality in Nepal. Jzes'cczrcfe
Highlights , N (4)..84-93 .
Skinner, Debra and Dorothy Holland. 2009. "Schools and the Cultural Production of the
Educated Pet.son in a Nepalese IIill Community". Pp. 295-332 in fd2/cc7/z.o# z.7? Ivepcz/..
Proc!/e",s, A?/or;#f cz77d Soc/.cz/ Cfecz77ge, edited by Pramod Bhatta. Kathmandu: Martin
Chautari.
Nakarmi, Sudeep Singh. 2010. Newarbhitraka Shaikshik Asamaiiata ra Sanaveshikara,nko
Baha;has.Stu.diesinNepaliHistoryandSociety15(1)..143-169.
Mishra, Chaitanya. 2010. Shiksha ra Swasthyako Rajniti (Adhyaya 4), pp. 150-189. In
Bcrc%#c7o jvepcz/z. Sczrmc}/. edited by Raj endra Maharjan. Kathmandu: Fine Print.
Onta, Sharad. 2005. Janaswasthya ra Ra.jya. In Swc/5'/ky'c}, L7c}"c7/. yc7 jzcz/.77ztz.. Bhaskar CTautam
and Anil Bhattarai, eds., pp.1 -35. Kathinandu: Martin Chautari.

LTiiit. IV: Politics and Society (20hrs)

1. Nepali culture and society: an historical overview
2. The process of nation-building
3. The evolution ofNepali nationhood
4. Ethnicity, nationality and culture
5. Diversity and national integration
6. Constitutions of Nepal

R|`quired Readings:
Sharma, Prayag Raj. 2006. "Nepali Culture and Society: An IIistorical Overview". Pp.3-36 in
The State and Society in Nepal: Historical Foundations and Contemporary Tren.d dy
Prayag Raj Sharma. Second Reprinting. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
Hachhethu, Krishna. 2004. Sansadiya Rajnitik Dal. In Ivepc7/fo Sc7;7c7czrbfocz"cz Scz77"/.J¢czs/rz.);cz
Cfez.73fcr72. Mary Des Chene and Pratyoush Onta, eds., pp. 42-60. Kathmandu: Social
Science Baha.
Onta, Pratyoush. 2009. "Ambivalence Denied: The Making of jzc}s/7.z.};crJ/z./jcrs in Panchayat
TEr8. TexJb: ooks". Pp. 24]-2:94 .Tr\ Education. in Nepal: Problems, Ref ;orms and Social
Cfec}#ge, edited by Pramod Bhatta. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari.
Sharma, Prayag Raj. 2006. "State and Society". Pp.127-184 in 773e S/cz/e cr7?c7 SocJ.edy J.#
Nepal : Historical Foundations and Contemporary Trend dy Praya.8 I+al] S;harun. Second
Reprinting. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
Sharma, Prayag Raj. 2006. "Nation-building, multi-ethnicity, and the Hindu State". Pp.227-
246 .rrL The State and Society in Nepal: Historical Foundations and Contemporary Trend
by Prayag Raj Sharma. Second Reprinting. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
Sharma, Prayag Raj. 2006. "Ethnicity and national iritegration in Nepal: A Statelnent of the
ProbLerrr.. Pp. 203-210 .rr\ The State and Society in Nepal: Historical Foundations and
CoJ?/e7#porczry rre72c7 by Prayag Raj Sharma. Second Reprinting. Kathmandu: Himal
Books.
Pudasaini, Surabhi. 2017. Writing Citizenship: Gender, Race and Tactical Alliances in
Nepal's Constitution Drafting. ,S/e/dz.es z.72 Ivepc¥/z. fJz.s/or}; cJ#d Socz.edy 22( 1 ): 85-117.
Hyome, K. 2006. Madhesipratiko Vibhed ra Samanata Andolan. In Madhes: Samasya ra
Samadhan. Basanta Thapa and Mohan Mainali, eds., pp.112-126. Kathmandu: Social
Science Balia. '`
Ahuti. 2004. ````'ilindu Samajma Dali`t Jatiya uktiko Prashna. In Nepalko Sandarvama
bT%ypratyoush Onta, Eds, pp. 475-521.
Samajshastriya Chintan, Mary Des
Kath#a#`du:SocialScienceBaha.

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Gurung, Harka. 2004. Rastriyata ra janajati. In Nepalko Sandarvama Samajshastriya Chintan,
Mary Deschene and Pratyoush Onta, Eds, pp. 475-521. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha.
Guneratne, Arjun. 2009. Introduction. In Regz.o72#/z." cz77c7 IVcr/z.o72cJ/ LJ#/.fy J.#J Ivapc7/, by
Fredei.ick I-I Gaige. Kathmandu: Social Science Baha and Himal Books.

Unit V: Social Demography of Nepal (20hrs)

1. Notion ofsocial demography
2. Population processes and dynamics (fertility, mortality, migration)
3. Caste and ethnic groups
4. LTrbanization

Required Readings:
She:rrrrfi,PitfTrhocr. 2014. Some Aspects Of Nepal 's So(ial Demograpky: Census 2011 Update.
Kathmandu: Himal Boc`ks.
Sharma, Pitamber. 2006. Nepalma Saharikaran: Ek Simhavalokan. In Saliarikaran: Jeevikako
Vjvidh Aayam. Bhaskar CTautam ra Jagannath Adhikari, eds., pp. 27-74. Kathmandu:
Mailin Chautari.
Gurung, Harka. 2001. jvapc7/ Socz.cJ/ De77cogrczpky cz#c7 Exp7.GSL7z.o72f. Kathmandu: New EIIA.

Unit vI: Practicum: Project work and Report writing (50hrs)

Teaching faculty will divide the students into a number of groupsand will assign them writing
repolf/paper, as project work, either based on field work or secondary/archival resources
focusing on different dimensions of Nepali society, demography, economy, politics, religion,
and different contemporary issues. Each group of students will su'I)mit an independent
research report analyzed through sociological perspective under the guidance of assigned
faculty in the format provided by the department/campus. The student will present this report
in the viva-voce organized by the department/campus at end of academic year. This.viva-
voce including the report submitted by the student will be the basis of final evaluation of 30
marks allocated to ths practicum.

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