12

1. Which of the following are typical features of transcriptional activators?

A. t ranscription-activation domain

B. D

NA-binding domain
C. kinase domain

D. transcription-activation domain and DNA-binding domain

E. t ranscription-activation domain and kinase domain

2. All of the following are true regarding homeodomains except

A. t hey contain about 60 amino acids.

B. t hey resemble prokaryotic helix-turn-helix domains.

C. they are a class of DNA-binding proteins.

D. they may be involved in the regulation of development.

E. t hey are repressors.

3. Which of the following can be found in DNA-binding domains?

A. z inc fingers

B. g

lutamine-rich regions
C. bZIP motifs

D. bHLH motif

E. a ll of the choices are correct.

4. One effect of mutation or deleting the activation domain of a transcriptional activator would be

A. r eduction in the binding of TFIIA.

B. r eduction in the binding TFIID.

C. binding of the activator to DNA, without activating transcription.

D. reduction in the binding of TFIIA and reduction in the binding TFIID.

E. r eduction in the binding TFIID and binding of the activator to DNA, without activating
transcription.


5. Which of the following is a target site for GAL4?

A. U

ASG
B. C

CAAT
C. GCAAT

D. UASG and CCAAT

E. C
CAAT and GCAAT

6. Select the feature that is not true of the GAL4 protein.

A. c ontains six cysteines

B. c ontains zinc fingers

C. contains zinc ions in the DNA binding motif

D. contains a-helix

E. i s a member of zinc-containing family

7. The glucocorticoid receptor is activated by binding to

A. i ts hormone ligand then moving to the nucleus.

B. i ts hormone ligand protein partner and then moving to the nucleus.

C. its hormone partner in the nucleus.

D. DNA and then to its hormone ligand.

E. N one of the choices are correct.

8. Which of the following are found in bZip and HLH domains?

A. l eucine zipper

B. h

elix-loop-helix regions
C. zinc fingers

D. leucine zipper and helix-loop-helix regions

E. h elix-loop-helix regions and zinc fingers

9. Which of the following is a reasonable way to explain the ability of enhancers to act at a
distance?

A. T
he activator binds to an enhancer, changing the supercoiling state of the DNA and opening

up the promoter to general transcription factors.
B. T
he activator binds to an enhancer, slides along the DNA until it encounters the promoter, and

activates transcription.
C. An activator binds to an enhancer, creating loops in the DNA, which leads to the interaction of

proteins at the promoter and activation of transcription.
D. An activator binds to an enhancer and a downstream segment to form a loop, which causes

the protein to track toward the promoter and activate transcription.
E. A
ll of the choices explanations are possible.

10. Which of the following effects is possible if LEF1 were omitted from an in vitro transcription assay
that you were conducting to look at the expression of the TCRα gene?

A. n

o transcription
B. l ow levels of transcription

C. lack of bending in the promoter DNA

D. rapid initiation of transcription

E. n o transcription, low levels of transcription, and lack of bending in the promoter DNA are all
possible outcomes.

11. Insulators are DNA elements that

A. s hield genes from activation by blocking enhancer activity.

B. b

lock gene activity by binding the operator regions.
C. block the coding region of genes, preventing transcription.

D. shield genes from activation by blocking enhancer activity and block gene activity by binding

the operator regions.
E. b lock gene activity by binding the operator regions and block the coding region of genes,
preventing transcription.


12. Which of the following approaches would you use to loosen the interaction of the histones with
DNA in an extract that you have prepared?

A. m

ethylate the DNA
B. m

ethylate the histone
C. acetylate the histones

D. phosphorylate the histones

E. p
hosphorylate the DNA

13. Predict the effect of the addition of excess acetyltansferase to in vitro transcription assay.

A. I t will likely loosen the interaction of histone with DNA.

B. I t will lead to a tighter association of histone with DNA, resulting in reduced transcription.

C. It will have no effect on the interaction of DNA with histones.

D. There will be a complete repression of transcription.

E. N one of the choices are correct.

14. What is the most likely outcome of ubiquitination of a transcription activator such as CREB?

A. I t will be stimulated to bind to corepressors.

B. I t will become a target for proteasomes.

C. It will be a target for chaperones.

D. It will have no effect on the activity of this protein.

E. N one of the correct are correct.

15. An experiment is planned to look at the effect of blocking the thyroid hormone receptor. Which of
the following is a good technique to employ?

A. p

hosphorylation
B. m

ethylation
C. ubiquitination

D. sumoylation

E. a
ll of the choices are correct.


16. One way to prevent the activation of certain cells by a growth factor is to

A. b

lock phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor.
B. b

lock dimerization of the receptor.
C. block phosphorylation on the extracellular domain.

D. block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor and block dimerization of the

receptor.
E. b
lock phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor and block phosphorylation on
the extracellular domain.

17. Predict the effect of blocking GTPase activity by a mutant lacking the GAP gene. Which of the
following would be a possible outcome if cells in this mutant are treated with a growth factor?

A. a

sustained level of transduction
B. d

ramatically reduced interaction of the growth factor with the receptor
C. inactivation of MEK

D. dephosphorylation of the growth factor receptor

E. i nactivation of Elk

18. In the Ras-Raf signaling pathway, MEK phosphorylates the protein kinase ERK to activate it.
What does activated ERK do?

A. p

hosphorylate a variety of cytoplasmic proteins
B. m

ove into the nucleus
C. phosphorylate and activate several activators in the nucleus

D. phosphorylate and activate Elk-1 in the nucleus

E. a
ll of the above

19. DNA is complexed with protein in a structure called ___________.

________________________________________

20. An enhanceosome is a nucleoprotein complex containing a collection of activators.

True False

21. Heterodimers are sometimes found in the dimerization domain of transcription activators.

True False

22. An example of DNA-binding protein that contains a zinc finger motif is Gal4.

True False

23. Nuclear receptors interact with endocrine-signaling molecules.

True False

24. Nuclear receptors interact with steroids and other hormones form complexes that bind to
hormone response elements in the cytoplasm.

True False

25. Glucocorticoid response elements are enhancers that bind to a receptor-glucocorticod complex.

True False

26. Type II receptors reside in the cytoplasm where they bind to hormone ligands.

True False

27. The DNA-binding and activation domains of activator proteins are independent molecules.

True False

28. Transcription activators help to boost transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase to promoters.

True False

29. Experimental evidence has shown that it is necessary for the promoter and the enhancer to be on
the same chromosome in order to function together.

True False

30. Many genes have more than one activator-binding site, so that they respond to multiple stimuli
and establish fine control of gene expression.

True False

31. Some insulators have both insulator and barrier activity.

True False

 12 Key

1. Which of the following are typical features of transcriptional activators?

A. transcription-activation domain

B. DNA-binding domain

C. kinase domain

D. transcription-activation domain and DNA-binding domain

E. transcription-activation domain and kinase domain

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 12.01
Weaver - Chapter 12 #1


2. All of the following are true regarding homeodomains except

A. they contain about 60 amino acids.

B. they resemble prokaryotic helix-turn-helix domains.

C. they are a class of DNA-binding proteins.

D. they may be involved in the regulation of development.

E. they are repressors.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #2


3. Which of the following can be found in DNA-binding domains?

A. zinc fingers

B. glutamine-rich regions

C. bZIP motifs

D. bHLH motif

E. all of the choices are correct.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #3



4. One effect of mutation or deleting the activation domain of a transcriptional activator would
be

A. reduction in the binding of TFIIA.

B. reduction in the binding TFIID.

C. binding of the activator to DNA, without activating transcription.

D. reduction in the binding of TFIIA and reduction in the binding TFIID.

E. reduction in the binding TFIID and binding of the activator to DNA, without activating
transcription.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Section: 12.03
Weaver - Chapter 12 #4


5. Which of the following is a target site for GAL4?

A. UASG

B. CCAAT

C. GCAAT

D. UASG and CCAAT

E. CCAAT and GCAAT

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #5


6. Select the feature that is not true of the GAL4 protein.

A. contains six cysteines

B. contains zinc fingers

C. contains zinc ions in the DNA binding motif

D. contains a-helix

E. is a member of zinc-containing family

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #6



7. The glucocorticoid receptor is activated by binding to

A. its hormone ligand then moving to the nucleus.

B. its hormone ligand protein partner and then moving to the nucleus.

C. its hormone partner in the nucleus.

D. DNA and then to its hormone ligand.

E. None of the choices are correct.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #7


8. Which of the following are found in bZip and HLH domains?

A. leucine zipper

B. helix-loop-helix regions

C. zinc fingers

D. leucine zipper and helix-loop-helix regions

E. helix-loop-helix regions and zinc fingers

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #8


9. Which of the following is a reasonable way to explain the ability of enhancers to act at a
distance?

A. The activator binds to an enhancer, changing the supercoiling state of the DNA and

opening up the promoter to general transcription factors.
B. The activator binds to an enhancer, slides along the DNA until it encounters the promoter,

and activates transcription.
C. An activator binds to an enhancer, creating loops in the DNA, which leads to the interaction

of proteins at the promoter and activation of transcription.
D. An activator binds to an enhancer and a downstream segment to form a loop, which causes

the protein to track toward the promoter and activate transcription.
E. All of the choices explanations are possible.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Section: 12.05
Weaver - Chapter 12 #9



10. Which of the following effects is possible if LEF1 were omitted from an in vitro transcription
assay that you were conducting to look at the expression of the TCRα gene?

A. no transcription

B. low levels of transcription

C. lack of bending in the promoter DNA

D. rapid initiation of transcription

E. no transcription, low levels of transcription, and lack of bending in the promoter DNA are all
possible outcomes.

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Section: 12.05
Weaver - Chapter 12 #10


11. Insulators are DNA elements that

A. shield genes from activation by blocking enhancer activity.

B. block gene activity by binding the operator regions.

C. block the coding region of genes, preventing transcription.

D. shield genes from activation by blocking enhancer activity and block gene activity by

binding the operator regions.
E. block gene activity by binding the operator regions and block the coding region of genes,
preventing transcription.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 12.05
Weaver - Chapter 12 #11


12. Which of the following approaches would you use to loosen the interaction of the histones with
DNA in an extract that you have prepared?

A. methylate the DNA

B. methylate the histone

C. acetylate the histones

D. phosphorylate the histones

E. phosphorylate the DNA

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Section: 12.06
Weaver - Chapter 12 #12



13. Predict the effect of the addition of excess acetyltansferase to in vitro transcription assay.

A. It will likely loosen the interaction of histone with DNA.

B. It will lead to a tighter association of histone with DNA, resulting in reduced transcription.

C. It will have no effect on the interaction of DNA with histones.

D. There will be a complete repression of transcription.

E. None of the choices are correct.

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Section: 12.06
Weaver - Chapter 12 #13


14. What is the most likely outcome of ubiquitination of a transcription activator such as CREB?

A. It will be stimulated to bind to corepressors.

B. It will become a target for proteasomes.

C. It will be a target for chaperones.

D. It will have no effect on the activity of this protein.

E. None of the correct are correct.

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Section: 12.06
Weaver - Chapter 12 #14


15. An experiment is planned to look at the effect of blocking the thyroid hormone receptor. Which
of the following is a good technique to employ?

A. phosphorylation

B. methylation

C. ubiquitination

D. sumoylation

E. all of the choices are correct.

Blooms Level: 3. Apply

Section: 12.06
Weaver - Chapter 12 #15



16. One way to prevent the activation of certain cells by a growth factor is to

A. block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor.

B. block dimerization of the receptor.

C. block phosphorylation on the extracellular domain.

D. block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor and block dimerization of

the receptor.
E. block phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor and block phosphorylation
on the extracellular domain.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 12.06
Weaver - Chapter 12 #16


17. Predict the effect of blocking GTPase activity by a mutant lacking the GAP gene. Which of the
following would be a possible outcome if cells in this mutant are treated with a growth factor?

A. a sustained level of transduction

B. dramatically reduced interaction of the growth factor with the receptor

C. inactivation of MEK

D. dephosphorylation of the growth factor receptor

E. inactivation of Elk

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Section: 12.06
Weaver - Chapter 12 #17


18. In the Ras-Raf signaling pathway, MEK phosphorylates the protein kinase ERK to activate it.
What does activated ERK do?

A. phosphorylate a variety of cytoplasmic proteins

B. move into the nucleus

C. phosphorylate and activate several activators in the nucleus

D. phosphorylate and activate Elk-1 in the nucleus

E. all of the above

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 12.06
Weaver - Chapter 12 #18


19. DNA is complexed with protein in a structure called ___________.

chromatin

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.01
 Weaver - Chapter 12 #19


20. An enhanceosome is a nucleoprotein complex containing a collection of activators.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.05
Weaver - Chapter 12 #20


21. Heterodimers are sometimes found in the dimerization domain of transcription activators.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.03
Weaver - Chapter 12 #21


22. An example of DNA-binding protein that contains a zinc finger motif is Gal4.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.05
Weaver - Chapter 12 #22


23. Nuclear receptors interact with endocrine-signaling molecules.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #23


24. Nuclear receptors interact with steroids and other hormones form complexes that bind to
hormone response elements in the cytoplasm.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #24


25. Glucocorticoid response elements are enhancers that bind to a receptor-glucocorticod
complex.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #25



26. Type II receptors reside in the cytoplasm where they bind to hormone ligands.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 12.02
Weaver - Chapter 12 #26


27. The DNA-binding and activation domains of activator proteins are independent molecules.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.03
Weaver - Chapter 12 #27


28. Transcription activators help to boost transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase to
promoters.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.01
Weaver - Chapter 12 #28


29. Experimental evidence has shown that it is necessary for the promoter and the enhancer to be
on the same chromosome in order to function together.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 12.05
Weaver - Chapter 12 #29


30. Many genes have more than one activator-binding site, so that they respond to multiple stimuli
and establish fine control of gene expression.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 12.01
Weaver - Chapter 12 #30


31. Some insulators have both insulator and barrier activity.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 12.06
Weaver - Chapter 12 #31

 12 Summary

Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember 15
Blooms Level: 2. Understand 8
Blooms Level: 3. Apply 3
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze 1
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate 4
Section: 12.01 4
Section: 12.02 10
Section: 12.03 3
Section: 12.05 6
Section: 12.06 8
Weaver - Chapter 12 31