Chapter Two: 2.coupling, Clutch & Brake

CHAPTER TWO
2.Coupling , clutch & brake
2.1.COUPLING
2.1.Shaft Coupling
• Shafts are usually available up to 7
meters length due to inconvenience in
transport. In order to have a greater
length, it becomes necessary to join two
or more pieces of the shaft by means of
a coupling.
Requirements of a Good Shaft Coupling
A good shaft coupling should have the following
requirements :
1. It should be easy to connect or disconnect.
2. It should transmit the full power from one
shaft to the other shaft without losses.
3. It should hold the shafts in perfect alignment.
4. It should reduce the transmission of shock
loads from one shaft to another shaft.
5. It should have no projecting parts.
Types of Shafts Couplings
Shaft couplings are divided into two main groups as follows
:
1. Rigid coupling. It is used to connect two shafts which are
perfectly aligned. Following types of rigid coupling are
important from the subject point of view :
(a) Sleeve or muff coupling.
(b) Clamp or split-muff or compression coupling, and
(c) Flange coupling.
2. Flexible coupling. It is used to connect two shafts having
both lateral and angular misalignment. Following types
of flexible coupling are important from the subject point
of view :
(a) Bushed pin type coupling,
(b) Universal coupling, and
(c) Oldham coupling.
1.Rigid Coupling:
• A rigid coupling is a unit of hardware used to
join two shafts within a motor or mechanical
system.
• A device that is used to connect two shafts
together for the purpose of power
transmission.
• Used to connect shafts that are

precisely aligned
a) Sleeve or muff coupling.
• It is the simplest type of coupling which
made from cast iron.
• The hollow cylinder (muff) is fitted over
the end of two shafts with the help of
sunk key.
• It is difficult to assemble when there is
no perfect alignment between two
shafts.
Sleeve Or Muff Coupling
The power is transmitted through sleeve
and keys.
T= Torque to be transmitted by the coupling,
and
Permissible shear stress for the
material of the sleeve which is cast rion.
The safe value of shear stress for cast iron
may be taken as 14 MPa.
We know that torque transmitted by a
hollow section,
From this expression, the induced shear
stress in the sleeve may be checked.
Example 2.1.Design and make a neat dimensioned sketch
of a muff coupling which is used to connect two steel
shafts transmitting 40 kW at 350 r.p.m. The material for
the shafts and key is plain carbon steel for which allowable
shear and crushing stresses may be taken as 40 MPa and
80 Mpa respectively. The material for the muff is cast iron
for which the allowable shear stress may be assumed as 15
MPa.
Solution. Given : P= 40 kW = 40 × 10^3W;
N= 350 r.p.m.; τs= 40 MPa = 40 N/mm^2
; σcs= 80 MPa =80 N/mm^2; τc= 15 MPa = 15 N/mm^2
Let us now check the induced shear stress in the
muff. Let τc be the induced shear stress in themuff
which is made of cast iron. Since the muff is
considered to be a hollow shaft, therefore the
torque transmitted (T),
Width of key, w= 18 mm Ans.
b. Clamp or split muff or compression
coupling
Example 2.2.
Design a clamp coupling to transmit 30 kW
at 100 r.p.m. The allowable shear stress for
the shaft and key is 40 MPa and the number
of bolts connecting the two halves are six.
The permissible tensile stress for the bolts is
70 MPa. The coefficient of friction between
the muff and the shaft surface may be taken
as 0.3.
Solution
Given : P= 30 kW = 30 × 10^3W; N= 100 r.p.m.
τ= 40 MPa = 40 N/mm2 ;n= 6 ; σt=70 MPa
= 70 N/mm2; μ= 0.3
1. Design for shaft
Let d= Diameter of shaft. We know that
the torque transmitted by the shaft, T=
Px60 30 x103 x60 3
T   2865 N  M  2865 x10 Nmm
2N 2 xx100
We also know that the torque transmitted by the
shaft (T)
3  3 
2865 x10  xxd  x 40 xd 3  7.86d 3
16 16
3
d  2865 x10
3
 71.4 says  75mm
7.86
2. Design for muff
We know that diameter of muff, D=2d+ 13 mm
= 2 × 75 + 13 = 163 say 165 mm Ans.
and total length of the muff, L= 3.5 d= 3.5 × 75
= 262.5 mm Ans.
3. Design for key
The width and thickness of the key for a shaft
diameter of 75 mm (from Table 13.1) are as
follows :Width of key, w= 22 mm Ans.
Thickness of key, t = 14 mm Ans.
and length of key = Total length of muff =
262.5 mm Ans.
4. Design for bolts
Let db = Root or core diameter of bolt.
We know that the torque transmitted (T),
2 2 2 2 2
2865 x103  xxdb x t xnxd  x0.3 xdb x70 x6 x75  5830d b
16 16
3
2
db  2865 x10  492......or  db  22.2mmm
5830
we find that the standard core diameter of the

bolt for coarse series is 23.32 mm and the
nominal diameter of the bolt is 27 mm (M
27). Ans.
c). Flange Coupling
Example2.3. Design a cast iron protective
type flange coupling to transmit 15 kW at
900 r.p.m. from an electric motor to a
compressor. The service factor may be
assumed as 1.35. The following permissible
stresses may be used :
Shear stress for shaft, bolt and key material
= 40 MPa
Crushing stress for bolt and key = 80 MPa
Shear stress for cast iron = 8 MPa
Draw a neat sketch of the coupling.
Flexible Coupling, Bushed Pin Type
Coupling
Oldham Coupling
Universal Coupling
THANK YOU …

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CHAPTER TWO

2.Coupling , clutch & brake

• Used to connect shafts that are

we find that the standard core diameter of the

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