L4 Verbs PDF

Verbs
indicates the
action of the
sentence
o a sense
Lori feels sad.
o a perception of
another person
Lani seems
contented.
o a mental state
Jim expects a
package in the mail.
o a connecting function
Steve is the
youngest member
of the club.
 It could also be
recognized by their
derivational suffixes
-ize nationalize
-ate educate
-ify solidify
FORMS OF VERB
Finite Nonfinite
o present tense o bare infinitive/
o past tense base form
o present
participle
o past participle
Finite Verb Forms
o identify a particular
time
Nonfinite Verb Forms
o carry no time of their
own
SUBCATEGORIES
OF VERBS
MAIN VERBS
- express actions or states of
being
- have all the five forms
described
- can occur alone
MAIN VERBS
 Mike studies statistics.
 My aunt collapsed in the
hallway.
 Cary looks healthy.
HELPING VERBS
- used to support main
verbs
o auxiliary verbs
o modal verbs (modal
auxiliaries)
Auxiliary Verbs
- be, do, have
- main verb occurs in one of
its nonfinite forms
 I am waiting for an answer.
 Have you seen the report?
 The car was washed by the
students.
Auxiliary Verbs
- indicate the time of the
action
DO HAVE BE
 did  had  to be
is, are
 being
 done  had  been  was,
 does  has  am, were
Modal Verbs
- has nine forms
- always occur with a main
verb
 will  can  must
 would  could  *ought
 shall  may
 should  might
Modal Verbs
 Chuck will sell his house.
(future certainty)
 As a child, Irene would hide
in the garden. (repeated past
activity)
 The toddler might hurt
himself. (possibility)
Modal Verbs
 The child may eat now.
(possibility/ permission)
 I should call her. (obligation)
 He can swim a mile. (ability)
 They should arrive by seven.
(probability)
TENSES OF VERBS
Simple Tenses
Present Past Future
walk(s) walked will walk
sing(s) sang Will sing
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
- talks about actions that
occur repeatedly
 I brush my teeth every day.
 We visit my grandparents
twice a year.
- discusses current facts,
basic truths, or widely
accepted beliefs
 The sky is blue, and the grass
is green.
 Cats catch mice.
- describes people or things
 Her brothers are both six feet

tall.
 I feel sick today.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
- use to talk about actions,
events, or feelings that
happened at an earlier point
in time
 Olivia closed the door behind
her.
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
- used to describe actions that
will happen in the future
 You will regret this.
 The police officers will file a
report.
Progressive Tenses
Present Past Progressive Future
Progressive Progressive
am walking was walking will
be walking
am eating was eating will
be eating
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
- talks about something that is
happening right now
 I am walking to school right
now.
 As I speak, Mary is writing
her resignation letter.
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
- used to describe an action
that was occurring at the
same time as another past
action
 Yesterday I was walking to
school when you saw me.
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE
- usually used to describe an
action that will occur at the
same time as another future
action
 I will be driving when you
call.
Perfect Tenses
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
have walked had walked will
have walked
have had finished will have
finished finished
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
- action began in the past and
continues in the present or
has ended by the present
 She has waited for you.
 I have finished my work
already.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
- action began and ended
before another past event
 Yesterday I rode the bus to
school, but the day before I
had walked to school.
 She had waited.
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
- action will be finished by a
particular time in the future
 By 8 p.m., I will have finished
my homework.
 She will have waited.
Perfect Progressive Tenses
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
Progressive Progressive Progressive
have had will have
been walking been walking been walking
have had will have
been finishing been finishing been finishing
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
- used for recent past actions
that happened repeatedly
 I have been walking to school
on sunny days.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
- used for continuous past
actions that are affecting the
present in some way
 I have been walking to school
a lot, so I’m in much better
shape than I was before.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
- express actions that happened
in the more distant past that
happened repeatedly
 I had been walking to school
everyday, but then the
weather turned cold.
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
- used when you are anticipating a
time in the future when a
continuous action will be
finished
 By tomorrow, I will have been
walking to school for six
weeks straight.

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Verbs

 Her brothers are both six feet

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