Grade 10 Life sciences June paper 1

TIME: 2 ½ HOURS MEMO MARKS: 150

QUESTION 1:
1.1.1 D

1.1.2 B

1.1.3 B

1.1.4 D

1.1.5 B

1.1.6 A

1.1.7 C

1.1.8 C

1.1.9 B

1.1.10 A () /20/

1.2.1 Positive phototropism

1.2.2 Hormones

1.2.3 True solution

1.2.4 Diffusion

1.2.5 Cilliated columnar epithelium

1.2.6 Anabolic

1.2.7 Glucagon

1.2.8 Active transport

1.2.9 Hypothalamus

1.210 Cardiac muscle tissue () /10/

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1.3.1 B only

1.3.2 B only

1.3.3 B only

1.3.4 A only

1.3.5 None () /10/

1.4.1 Comparison of the blood glucose level of two people over 5 hours/before and
after ingesting glucose () (1)

1.4.2 (145 – 125) ()

(Accept numbers in range 144 -146 for the first value and 124 -126 for the
second value)
3
= 20 mg/100 cm () (2)

1.4.3 Accept any answer from 1,7 to 1,9 hours /102 – 114minutes/ 1h42min – (1)
1h54min () (accept 2 hours)

1.4.4 Thabiso () (1)

1.4.5 His glucose level is higher than the normal range()

It takes longer for his glucose level to come down to its original level
(any) () (1)

1.4.6 When his glucose level is hig/ 99/98mg/100cm ()

3

Insulin is secreted into the blood by the pancreas ()

to convert excess glucose into glycogen in the liver ()
and to stimulate the cells to absorb more glucose ()
thus decreasing the blood glucose level to normal () (4)

/10/

[50]

QUESTION 2:
2.1.1 A – Pant cell ()
B – Animal cell () (2)

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2.1.2 TABLE SHOWING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
 Cell wall ()  No cell wall ()
 Large vacuole ()  No vacuole ()
 Chloroplasts ()  No chloroplasts ()
 Fixed/rigid shape ()  Irregular shape () (6)

2.1.3 a) Chloroplast ()

b) Mitochondria ()
c) Nucleus/nuclear envelope ()
d) Nucleolus () (4)

2.1.4 a) Energy production ()

b) Controls cell activity/Keep nuclear material inside the nucleus ()
c) Transport of substances/Ribosomes involved in protein synthesis () (3)

/15/

2.2.1 Homologous chromosomes () (1)

2.2.2 Spindle fibres retract/contract to pull chromosomes/chromatids to opposite poles (1)

()

2.2.3 Metaphase I ()–recombinant homologous chromosomes lined up on equator (2)

()
2.2.4 4 () (1)

2.2.5 2 () (1)

2.2.6 DIAGRAM SHOWING ANAPHASE 1

Heading ()

4 x Recom Chrom ()

Anaphase 1 ()

Any 2 labels ()

(5)

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2.2.7 o Meiosis produces gametes prepared for fertilisation ()

o Meiosis ensures that the number of chromosomes in the species stays
the same over generations ()
o Meiosis is important to introduce genetic variation ()
(2)

/13/

2.3.1 Champion milk produced () (1)

2.3.2 Ear () (1)

2.3.3 Mitosis () (1)

2.3.4 DNA () (1)

2.3.5 Host/surrogate () (1)

/5/

2.4.1 Figure 1 - Into the tubing (): High water potential on outside and low on the
inside causes water to move in ()

Figure 2 – Out of tubing (): High water potential on the inside and low water
potential on the outside causes water to move out () (4)

2.4.2 Osmosis () – Water moves across a selectively permeable membrane

and/or water moves from high water potential to low water potential () (2)

2.4.3 Cell membrane () (1)

/7/

[40]

QUESTION 3:
3.1.1 A – Yellow elastic cartilage ()
B – Simple squamous epithelium ()
C – Smooth muscle tissue ()
D - Bone () (4)

3.1.2 a) C ()
b) B ()
c) C ()
d) A () (4)

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3.1.3 BONE CARTILAGE

o Hard matrix () o Rubber matrix()
o Osteocytes () o Chondrocytes ()
o Calcium carbonate () o Chondrin ()
o Found throughout the o Found mostly on end of
skeleton () bones ()
o Mainly for structure, support o Prevents friction ()
and protection ()
o 1 structural type of bone () o 3 types of cartilage () (4)
o Any logical answer o Any logical answer

*DOESN’T HAVE TO BE DONE IN A TABLE

3.2.1
GRAPH SHOWING THE EFFECT OF INCREASING
TEMPERTURE ON INCREASE IN OXYGEN USING THE
ENZYME CATALASE
1,6

1,4
Increase in Oxygen (%)

1,2

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature (Degrees Celcius)
(5)

3.2.2 34 OC () (1)

3.2.3 Each enzyme has a unique active site () and therefore cannot catalyse all
the products () (2)

3.2.4 Causes enzyme to denature/changes enzyme structure ()

Changes enzyme function () (2)

/10/

3.3.1 Well 1 would have no starch digestion () or

Well 2 would have the highest amount of starch digestion () or

Well 3 would have no starch digestion () or

Well 4 would have some starch digestion but not as high as well 2 (). (2)

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3.3.2 Independent – Liquid in the wells ()

Dependent – Amount of starch available/digested () (2)

3.3.3 Control () (1)

3.3.4 2 – enzyme breaks the starch down ()

3 – Enzyme has denatured and has no effect ()

4 – Acid will decrease enzyme activity slightly c (3)

3.3.5 Size of wells must be the same ()

Amount of liquid must be the same ()
Temperature must be kept the same ()
All dishes must be covered ()
Amount of starch must be the same ()
Time must be the same ()
Any TWO logical answers () (2)

3.3.6 Maltose () (1)

/10/

3.4.1 a) ADH ()

b) Pituitary gland/Hypothalamus ()
c) Kidney () (3)

3.4.2  Pituitary gland secretes ADH ()

 ADH travels to the kidneys ()
 An increase in ADH causes the walls of the kidney tubules ()
 to become more permeable to water ()
 More water is reabsorbed ()
 and the blood volume increases to normal ()
 Less urine is produced (
 and the urine is more concentrated () (5)

/8/

QUESTION 4:
Carbohydrates:

Monosaccharides ():
 Are the most basic units of carbohydrates ()
 They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-
soluble, crystalline solids ()
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Grade 10 Life sciences June paper 1

 Example – Glucose (), Galactose () & Fructose ()

Disaccharides ():
 Are carbohydrates formed when TWO monosaccharides undergo a condensation
reaction which involves the elimination of a small molecule, such as water ()
 Example - sucrose (table sugar) (), lactose (milk) (), and maltose (malt) ().

Polysaccharides ():
 Are composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together ().
 Example - storage polysaccharides such as starch (rice, potatoes) and glycogen
()
 Example - structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin ().

Functions:
 Source of energy – provides heat & Energy in respiration ()

 Most common fuel in cell = Glucose ()

 Reserve source of energy ():

 food storage eg Starch in seeds of plants
 stored in animals Glycogen
 Starch is insoluble for storage purposes

 Form structural components of cells ():

 Cellulose in cell wall
 Chitin forms exoskeleton in insects

 Soluble carbohydrates affects Water Potential in cells which affects osmosis () (7)

Fat:

 Fats & Oils (including steroids, phospholipids and certain vitamins like A and D) ()

 Monomers: glycerol & 3 fatty acids (Triglyceride) ()

 Saturated Fats - consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids() .

 Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of
the fatty acid chain. ()

 That is, the chain of carbon atoms is fully "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. ()

 These are chiefly animal fats…which are solid at room temperature ()

 Unsaturated Fats - is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double
bond within the fatty acid chain. ()

 A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond,

and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. ()

 These are chiefly plant fats, which are oils at room temperature ()

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Functions:

 Reserve source of energy – Supplies more energy than carbohydrates ()

 Acts as an insulator against excessive heat loss ()

 Important structural material – eg cell membrane ()

 Protective covering around vital organs eg kidney & heart ()

 Forms waxes to prevent water loss in plants e.g. Cuticle ()

 Releases water in desert / hibernating animals during respiration eg humps of

camel () (5)
Proteins:
 Monomers: amino acids ()

 Proteins are large biological molecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or

more chains of amino acid ()

 Proteins have at least ONE amino group (NH3) and at least ONE carboxyl group
(COOH) ()

 When the amino group and carboxyl group join a water molecule is removed and a
PEPTIDE bond is formed ()
o 2 amino acids = dipeptide
o 2 - 50 = polypeptide
o + 50 = PROTEIN
 Depending on the number, sequence and ratio of amino acids as well as the
folding patterns in the protein, it will behave differently ()

 Main building material in cells ()

 All enzymes that catalyse reactions are proteins eg amylase ()

 Some hormones (chemical messengers) are proteins eg insulin ()

 Haemoglobin in red blood cells transports O2 & CO2 ()

 Act as a buffer - regulate pH ()

 Protect the body against foreign substances eg antibodies ()

 Serve as a reserve source of energy()

 Storage of food eg albumen in eggs & casein in milk()

 Structural function: keratin in nails and hair chondrin in cartilage () (5)

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