A REPORT ON

TRANSPORTATION PROJECT
ENTITLED

STUDY AND IMPROVEMENT IN DESIGN AT AN INTERSECTION

SUBMITTED TO

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

SURAT
IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD
OF THE SEMESTER THREE COURSE
OF
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
With Specialization in
(TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND PLANNING)

SUBMITTED BY
AAKASH SINGH (P19TP005)
SHUBHAM PARASHAR (P19TP011)
BEVARA APPALA NAIDU (P19TP014)
MITALI SWARGIARY (P19TP022)

GUIDED BY
Dr. G.J. JOSHI
(Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, SVNIT Surat)

P G SECTION IN TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND PLANNING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
SURAT – 395007, GUJARAT, INDIA
JANUARY – 2021
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SURAT

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “STUDY AND IMPROVEMENT IN DESIGN
AND INTERSECTION” Submitted by AAKASH SINGH, SHUBHAM PARASHAR,
BEVARA APPALA NAIDU, MITALI SWARGIARY bearing Roll No: P19TP005,
P19TP011, P19TP014, P19TP022 in fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the semester
three of Master of Technology in Civil Engineering with specialization in Transportation
Engineering and Planning of Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat is a
record of their own work carried out under our supervision. To the best of my knowledge, the
matter embodied in the report has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree.

Dr. G.J. Joshi Dr. Ashish Dhamaniya

Project Supervisor PG Incharge (TE&P)
Professor Associate professor
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
SVNIT, Surat SVNIT, Surat

Dr. Shriniwas Arkatkar Dr. M. M. Ahammed

Section Head (TE&P) Professor & Head
Associate professor Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering SVNIT, Surat
SVNIT, Surat
JANUARY – 2021
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
SURAT

EXAMINER’S APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “STUDY AND IMPROVEMENT IN DESIGN OF AN
INTERSECTION” submitted by AAKASH SINGH (P19TP005), SHUBHAM PARASHAR
(P19TP011), BEVARA APPALA NAIDU, (P19TP014), MITALI SWARGIARY (P19TP022)
are approved for the award of the semester three course of Master of Technology in Civil
Engineering with specialisation in Transportation Engineering and Planning.
Signature of Examiner

External Examiner: Signature

Name and Designation of External Examiner
Institutional Details

Internal Examiner: Signature

(Research Supervisor) Name and Designation of Internal Examiner
Transportation Engineering & Planning
Department of Civil Engineering
S.V.N.I.T., Surat

Chairman:
Signature
Name and Designation of Chairman
Institutional Details

Date:

Place: Surat
 ACKNOLEDGEMENT

We would like convey heartfelt thanks to our project supervisor Dr. G J Joshi, who always gave
valuable suggestions and guidance for the completion of project.
Then, we would like to acknowledge SVNIT Consultancy for making the data available to us and
Mr. Chirag Akbari and Mr. Amiraj Vaishnav for describing the data and helping along the
project.
We would also like to thank Dr. Boski P Chauhan who came with last moment suggestion to get
some idea about emission from data available to us.
 CONTENTS
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………………..………………………….…1
1.1 General……………………………………………………….…….… ………………… 1
1.2 Need of the study…………………………………………………………….………………………...3
1.3 Objectives of the study …………………………………….…………………………3
Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY…………………………......4
2.1 Literature Review…………………………………………………………….……………4
2.2 Research Methodology…………………………………………………………….………7
Chapter 3:DATA COLLECTION AND STUDY AREA………………………….………....8
3.1 Study Area …………………………………………………………….………….……......8
Chapter 4: MODEL DEVELOPMENT…………………………………………………. ….10
4.1 Traffic studies at Gujarat gas circle……………………………………………….……... 10
4.2Traffic composition …………………………………………………………….…………16
4.3Peak hour factor for Gujarat gas circle intersection ……………………………………….23
4.4 Spot speed studies…………………………………………………………….……..…....23
4.5 Observations at Gujarat gas circle intersection……………………………………….… .24
4.6Stream speed and delay study …………………………………………………………..…30
4.7 Pedestrian movement survey …………………………………………………………..…35
4.8 pedestrian improvement measures…………………………………………………….… 37
4.9 Traffic calming measures……………………………………………………………..… 37
Chapter 5: CAPACITY & LOS ANALYSIS: UNSIGNALISED INTERSECTION
5.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………38
5.2 Methodology …………………………………………………………………………….39
Chapter6. DESIGN OF ROUNDABOUT…………………………………………………...46
Chapter7: SIGNAL DESIGN ……………………………………………………………….49
Chapter8: EMISSION ESTIMATION ……………………………………………………..52
Chapter9: CONCLUSIONS…………………………………………………………………56
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………….…....57
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Google Snapshot of Existing Gujarat Gas Circle Intersection... …………………………...2
Figure 2.1 shows general types of at grade Intersections …………………………………………...…4
Figure 2.2 shows Potential conflict points at different types of intersection…………………………...5
Figure 3.1 Google Snapshot of Existing Gujarat Gas Circle Intersection……………………………...8
Figure 3.2 Existing Land Use Pattern Near Gujarat Gas Circle Intersection ……………….................8
Figure 4.1 A clip showing a team counting vehicular traffic ...……...…………………….................11
Figure 4.2 Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume Corresponding to Each Leg for Gujarat Gas Circle…………...12

Figure 4.3 Overall hourly variation of traffic volume of Gujarat gas circle…………………..............14
Figure 4.4 Gujarat Gas Circle Intersection Morning Peak Flow (PCU/hr) …………………………..14
Figure 4.5 Gujarat Gas Circle Intersection Evening Peak Flow (PCU/hr) …………………...............15
Figure 4.6 Traffic Composition from Athwa Gate to all other Approaches…………………………..17
Figure 4.7 Traffic Composition from Star Bazar to all other Approaches…………………………….18
Figure 4.8 Traffic Composition from Rishabh tower to all other Approaches………………………..19
Figure 4.9 Traffic Composition from Adajan patiya to all other Approaches………………...............20
Figure 4.10 overall traffic composition at Gujarat gas circle…………………………………………21
Figure 4.11 CDF and PDF for 2W, 3W, Car and Bus from Athwa Gate Approach…………………..25

Figure 4.12 CDF and PDF for 2W, 3W, Car and Bus from Star Bazar Approach……………………26
Figure 4.13 CDF and PDF for 2W, 3W, Car and Bus from Rishabh tower Approach………………..27
Figure 4.14 CDF and PDF for 2W, 3W, Car and Bus from Adajan patiya Approach……..................28
Figure 4.15 Variation in Speed with Distance for 2W from Athwa Gate to Rishabh tower………….30
Figure 4.16 Variation in Speed with Distance for 2W from Athwa Gate to Adajan patiya…..............31
Figure 4.17 Variation in Speed with Distance for 2W from Star Bazar to Athwa gate…….…………31
Figure 4.18 Variation in Speed with Distance for 2W from Rishabh tower to Star Bazar…................32
Figure 4.19 Variation in Speed with Distance for 2W from Rishabh tower to Athwa gate………..…32
Figure 4.20 Variation in Speed with Distance for 2W from Adajan patiya to Rishabh tower..............33
Figure 4.21 Variation in Speed with Distance for 2W from Adajan patiya to star bazar……………..33
Figure 4.22 Hourly Variation of Pedestrian Flow in Persons/hr for 6 Am to 10 Pm ...........................35
Figure5.1 Typical three road intersections with four lane divided carriageway on all the approaches 37
Figure5.2 Four road intersections with two lanes undivided carriageway on all the approaches.........37
Figure5.3 Methodology Flow chart.......................................................................................................38
Figure5.4 Movement priority according to Indo HCM.........................................................................39

LIST OF TABLES

Table3.1 Geometry parameters of upstream & downstream section……………………….......9

Table4.1 Peak hour flow of all the approaches in PCU/hr.........................................................13

Table4.2Overall flow in PCU/hr...............................................................................................15

Table4.3 Vehicle composition approach wise...........................................................................22

Table4.4 Peak hour factor for all the movements for Gujarat gas circle intersection.................23

Table4.5 Safe speed for all approaches.....................................................................................29

Table4.6 Travel Time Delay for 2W in Morning Peak Hour.....................................................34

Table4.7 Total Pedestrian count for each direction...................................................................35

Table5.1 LOS at unsignalised intersection................................................................................40

Table5.2 Traffic flow at Gujarat Gas circle...............................................................................41

Table5.3 LOS calculation for different directions at unsignalised intersections.......................41

Table5.4 V/C and LOS Projection (do nothing case) for 5% growth rate..................................43
Table5.5 V/C and LOS Projection (do nothing case) for 5% growth rate..................................44
Table7.1 The peak hour Traffic flow.........................................................................................47

Table7.2: projection of LOS of two phase signalised roundabout.............................................49

Table8.1 Traffic emission traffic flow direction wise...............................................................52

Table8.2 Overall emissions at intersection................................................................................53